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/*********************************************************************** rawping.cpp - Contains all of the functions essential to sending "ping" packets using Winsock 2 raw sockets. Depends on ip_checksum.cpp for calculating IP-style checksums on blocks of data, however. ***********************************************************************/ #include #include #include #include "rawping.h" #include "ip_checksum.h" //////////////////////////// setup_for_ping //////////////////////////// // Creates the Winsock structures necessary for sending and recieving // ping packets. host can be either a dotted-quad IP address, or a // host name. ttl is the time to live (a.k.a. number of hops) for the // packet. The other two parameters are outputs from the function. // Returns < 0 for failure. int setup_for_ping(char* host, int ttl, SOCKET& sd, sockaddr_in& dest) { // Create the socket sd = WSASocket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP, 0, 0, 0); if (sd == INVALID_SOCKET) { cerr << "Failed to create raw socket: " << WSAGetLastError() << endl; return -1; } if (setsockopt(sd, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TTL, (const char*)&ttl, sizeof(ttl)) == SOCKET_ERROR) { cerr << "TTL setsockopt failed: " << WSAGetLastError() << endl; return -1; } // Initialize the destination host info block memset(&dest, 0, sizeof(dest)); // Turn first passed parameter into an IP address to ping unsigned int addr = inet_addr(host); if (addr != INADDR_NONE) { // It was a dotted quad number, so save result dest.sin_addr.s_addr = addr; dest.sin_family = AF_INET; } else { // Not in dotted quad form, so try and look it up hostent* hp = gethostbyname(host); if (hp != 0) { // Found an address for that host, so save it memcpy(&(dest.sin_addr), hp->h_addr, hp->h_length); dest.sin_family = hp->h_addrtype; } else { // Not a recognized hostname either! cerr << "Failed to resolve " << host << endl; return -1; } } return 0; } /////////////////////////// init_ping_packet /////////////////////////// // Fill in the fields and data area of an ICMP packet, making it // packet_size bytes by padding it with a byte pattern, and giving it // the given sequence number. That completes the packet, so we also // calculate the checksum for the packet and place it in the appropriate // field. void init_ping_packet(ICMPHeader* icmp_hdr, int packet_size, int seq_no) { // Set up the packet's fields icmp_hdr->type = ICMP_ECHO_REQUEST; icmp_hdr->code = 0; icmp_hdr->checksum = 0; icmp_hdr->id = (USHORT)GetCurrentProcessId(); icmp_hdr->seq = seq_no; icmp_hdr->timestamp = GetTickCount(); // "You're dead meat now, packet!" const unsigned long int deadmeat = 0xDEADBEEF; char* datapart = (char*)icmp_hdr + sizeof(ICMPHeader); int bytes_left = packet_size - sizeof(ICMPHeader); while (bytes_left > 0) { memcpy(datapart, &deadmeat, min(int(sizeof(deadmeat)), bytes_left)); bytes_left -= sizeof(deadmeat); datapart += sizeof(deadmeat); } // Calculate a checksum on the result icmp_hdr->checksum = ip_checksum((USHORT*)icmp_hdr, packet_size); } /////////////////////////////// send_ping ////////////////////////////// // Send an ICMP echo ("ping") packet to host dest by way of sd with // packet_size bytes. packet_size is the total size of the ping packet // to send, including the ICMP header and the payload area; it is not // checked for sanity, so make sure that it's at least // sizeof(ICMPHeader) bytes, and that send_buf points to at least // packet_size bytes. Returns < 0 for failure. int send_ping(SOCKET sd, const sockaddr_in& dest, ICMPHeader* send_buf, int packet_size) { // Send the ping packet in send_buf as-is cout << "Sending " << packet_size << " bytes to " << inet_ntoa(dest.sin_addr) << "..." << flush; int bwrote = sendto(sd, (char*)send_buf, packet_size, 0, (sockaddr*)&dest, sizeof(dest)); if (bwrote == SOCKET_ERROR) { cerr << "send failed: " << WSAGetLastError() << endl; return -1; } else if (bwrote < packet_size) { cout << "sent " << bwrote << " bytes..." << flush; } return 0; } /////////////////////////////// recv_ping ////////////////////////////// // Receive a ping reply on sd into recv_buf, and stores address info // for sender in source. On failure, returns < 0, 0 otherwise. // // Note that recv_buf must be larger than send_buf (passed to send_ping) // because the incoming packet has the IP header attached. It can also // have IP options set, so it is not sufficient to make it // sizeof(send_buf) + sizeof(IPHeader). We suggest just making it // fairly large and not worrying about wasting space. int recv_ping(SOCKET sd, sockaddr_in& source, IPHeader* recv_buf, int packet_size) { // Wait for the ping reply int fromlen = sizeof(source); int bread = recvfrom(sd, (char*)recv_buf, packet_size + sizeof(IPHeader), 0, (sockaddr*)&source, &fromlen); if (bread == SOCKET_ERROR) { cerr << "read failed: "; if (WSAGetLastError() == WSAEMSGSIZE) { cerr << "buffer too small" << endl; } else { cerr << "error #" << WSAGetLastError() << endl; } return -1; } return 0; } ///////////////////////////// decode_reply ///////////////////////////// // Decode and output details about an ICMP reply packet. Returns -1 // on failure, -2 on "try again" and 0 on success. int decode_reply(IPHeader* reply, int bytes, sockaddr_in* from) { // Skip ahead to the ICMP header within the IP packet unsigned short header_len = reply->h_len * 4; ICMPHeader* icmphdr = (ICMPHeader*)((char*)reply + header_len); // Make sure the reply is sane if (bytes < header_len + ICMP_MIN) { cerr << "too few bytes from " << inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr) << endl; return -1; } else if (icmphdr->type != ICMP_ECHO_REPLY) { if (icmphdr->type != ICMP_TTL_EXPIRE) { if (icmphdr->type == ICMP_DEST_UNREACH) { cerr << "Destination unreachable" << endl; } else { cerr << "Unknown ICMP packet type " << int(icmphdr->type) << " received" << endl; } return -1; } // If "TTL expired", fall through. Next test will fail if we // try it, so we need a way past it. } else if (icmphdr->id != (USHORT)GetCurrentProcessId()) { // Must be a reply for another pinger running locally, so just // ignore it. return -2; } // Figure out how far the packet travelled int nHops = int(256 - reply->ttl); if (nHops == 192) { // TTL came back 64, so ping was probably to a host on the // LAN -- call it a single hop. nHops = 1; } else if (nHops == 128) { // Probably localhost nHops = 0; } // Okay, we ran the gamut, so the packet must be legal -- dump it cout << endl << bytes << " bytes from " << inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr) << ", icmp_seq " << icmphdr->seq << ", "; if (icmphdr->type == ICMP_TTL_EXPIRE) { cout << "TTL expired." << endl; } else { cout << nHops << " hop" << (nHops == 1 ? "" : "s"); cout << ", time: " << (GetTickCount() - icmphdr->timestamp) << " ms." << endl; } return 0; }