Deprecated : The each() function is deprecated. This message will be suppressed on further calls in /home/zhenxiangba/zhenxiangba.com/public_html/phproxy-improved-master/index.php on line 456 The Glasgow Haskell Compiler User's Guide, Version 4.06 Table of Contents The Glasgow Haskell Compiler License 1. Introduction to GHC The (batch) compilation system components What really happens when I “compile” a Haskell program? Meta-information: Web sites, mailing lists, etc. Release notes for version 4.06—1/00 2. Installing from binary distributions Installing on Unix-a-likes Bundle structure Installing on Windows System requirements Your environment variables Software required Installing GHC Installing ghc-win32 FAQ Building the documentation 3. Using GHC Overall command-line structure Meaningful file suffixes Help and verbosity options Running the right phases in the right order Re-directing the compilation output(s) Saving GHC's standard error output Redirecting temporary files Warnings and sanity-checking Separate compilation Interface files Finding interface files Other options related to interface files The recompilation checker Using make How to compile mutually recursive modules Optimisation (code improvement) -O* : convenient “packages” of optimisation flags.-f* : platform-independent flags-m* : platform-specific flagsCode improvement by the C compiler. Options related to a particular phase The C pre-processor Options affecting the C compiler (if applicable) Linking and consistency-checking Using Concurrent Haskell Using Parallel Haskell Dummy's guide to using PVM Parallelism profiles Other useful info about running parallel programs RTS options for Concurrent/Parallel Haskell Running a compiled program RTS options to control the garbage-collector RTS options for profiling and Concurrent/Parallel Haskell RTS options for hackers, debuggers, and over-interested souls “Hooks” to change RTS behaviour Debugging the compiler Replacing the program for one or more phases. Forcing options to a particular phase. Dumping out compiler intermediate structures Checking for consistency How to read Core syntax (from some -ddump-* flags) Command line options in source files 4. Profiling Cost centres and cost-centre stacks Inserting cost centres by hand Rules for attributing costs Profiling memory usage Graphical time/allocation profile Compiler options for profiling Runtime options for profiling hp2ps --heap profile to PostScriptUsing “ticky-ticky” profiling (for implementors) 5. Advice on: sooner, faster, smaller, stingier Sooner: producing a program more quickly Faster: producing a program that runs quicker Smaller: producing a program that is smaller Stingier: producing a program that gobbles less heap space 6. GHC Language Features Unboxed types and primitive operations Unboxed types Unboxed Tuples Character and numeric types Comparison operations Primitive-character operations Primitive-Int operations Primitive-Double and Float operations Operations on/for Integers (interface to GMP) Words and addresses Arrays Reading and writing The state type State of the world Mutable arrays Synchronizing variables (M-vars) Primitive state-transformer monad Primitive arrays, mutable and otherwise Calling C directly from Haskell _ccall_ and _casm_ : an introductionLiteral-literals Using function headers Subverting automatic unboxing with “stable pointers” Foreign objects: pointing outside the Haskell heap Avoiding monads C-calling “gotchas” checklist Multi-parameter type classes Types Class declarations Instance declarations Explicit universal quantification Universally-quantified data type fields Construction Pattern matching The partial-application restriction Type signatures Type synonyms and hoisting Existentially quantified data constructors Why existential? Type classes Restrictions Assertions
Scoped Type Variables Scope and implicit quantification Polymorphism Result type signatures Pattern signatures on other constructs Existentials Pragmas INLINE pragma
NOINLINE pragma SPECIALIZE pragma SPECIALIZE instance pragma LINE pragma RULES pragma Rewrite rules
Syntax Semantics List fusion Specialisation Controlling what's going on Concurrent and Parallel Haskell Features specific to Parallel Haskell
Haskell 98 vs. Glasgow Haskell: language non-compliance Expressions and patterns Declarations and bindings Module system and interface files Numbers, basic types, and built-in classes In Prelude support 7. What to do when something goes wrong When the compiler “does the wrong thing” When your program “does the wrong thing” How to report a bug in the GHC system Hard-core debugging of GHC-compiled programs 8. Other Haskell utility programs Makefile dependencies in Haskell: using mkdependHS Emacs `TAGS' for Haskell: hstags “Yacc for Haskell”: happy Pretty-printing Haskell: pphs 9. Building and using Win32 DLLs Linking with DLLs Not linking with DLLs
Creating a DLL