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Last updated: Thu, 31 May 2007

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array_map

(PHP 4 >= 4.0.6, PHP 5)

array_map — 指定した配列の要素にコールバック関数を適用する

説明

array array_map ( callback $callback, array $arr1 [, array $...] )

array_map() は、arr1 の各要素に callback 関数を適用した後、 その全ての要素を含む配列を返します。 callback 関数が受け付けるパラメータの数は、 array_map() に渡される配列の数に一致している必要があります。

例 253. array_map() の例

<?php
function cube($n)
{
    return(
$n * $n * $n);
}

$a = array(1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
$b = array_map("cube", $a);
print_r($b);
?>

この例では、$b の内容は以下のようになります。


Array
(
    [0] => 1
    [1] => 8
    [2] => 27
    [3] => 64
    [4] => 125
)

    

例 254. array_map() - もっと配列を使ってみる例

<?php
function show_Spanish($n, $m)
{
    return(
"The number $n is called $m in Spanish");
}

function
map_Spanish($n, $m)
{
    return(array(
$n => $m));
}

$a = array(1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
$b = array("uno", "dos", "tres", "cuatro", "cinco");

$c = array_map("show_Spanish", $a, $b);
print_r($c);

$d = array_map("map_Spanish", $a , $b);
print_r($d);
?>

上の例の出力は以下となります。


// printout of $c
Array
(
    [0] => The number 1 is called uno in Spanish
    [1] => The number 2 is called dos in Spanish
    [2] => The number 3 is called tres in Spanish
    [3] => The number 4 is called cuatro in Spanish
    [4] => The number 5 is called cinco in Spanish
)

// printout of $d
Array
(
    [0] => Array
        (
            [1] => uno
        )

    [1] => Array
        (
            [2] => dos
        )

    [2] => Array
        (
            [3] => tres
        )

    [3] => Array
        (
            [4] => cuatro
        )

    [4] => Array
        (
            [5] => cinco
        )

)

    

通常、二つ以上の配列を使用する場合、 それらの長さは等しい必要があります。 これは、 コールバック関数が対応する要素に対して並行して適用されるためです。 配列の長さが等しくない場合、最も短い配列は空の要素で拡張されます。

この関数の面白い使用方法として、 配列の配列を構築するというものがあります。 これは、コールバック関数の名前として NULL を使用することにより、簡単に実行できるものです。

例 255. 配列の配列を生成する

<?php
$a
= array(1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
$b = array("one", "two", "three", "four", "five");
$c = array("uno", "dos", "tres", "cuatro", "cinco");

$d = array_map(null, $a, $b, $c);
print_r($d);
?>

上の例の出力は以下となります。


Array
(
    [0] => Array
        (
            [0] => 1
            [1] => one
            [2] => uno
        )

    [1] => Array
        (
            [0] => 2
            [1] => two
            [2] => dos
        )

    [2] => Array
        (
            [0] => 3
            [1] => three
            [2] => tres
        )

    [3] => Array
        (
            [0] => 4
            [1] => four
            [2] => cuatro
        )

    [4] => Array
        (
            [0] => 5
            [1] => five
            [2] => cinco
        )

)

    

array_filter()array_reduce()array_walk()create_function() および callback 型に関する情報 も参照ください。



add a note add a note User Contributed Notes
array_map
bturchik at iponweb dot net
19-Jul-2007 11:46
Maybe this one will be useful for someone:

function array_map_helper($mapper, $array) {
    $mapper = preg_replace('/^return (.*?);$/', '$1', trim($mapper));
    $result = array();
    if (preg_match('/(\(?)(.*?)\s*=>\s*(.*?)(\)?)$/', $mapper, $matches)) {
        list($full_found, $array_open, $left, $right, $array_close) = $matches;
        if ($array_open && $array_close) {
            $mapper = '$result[] = array' . $full_found . ';';
        } else {
            $mapper = '$result[' . $left . '] = ' . $right . ';';
        }
    } else {
        $mapper = '$result[] = ' . $mapper . ';';
    }

    foreach ($array as $key => $value) {
        eval($mapper);
    }

    return $result;
}

should be used like:

$array = array(array('foo' => 11, 'bar' => 22),
               array('foo' => 111, 'bar' => 222),
               array('foo' => 1111, 'bar' => 2222));
$mapped = array_map_helper('$value["foo"] => $value["bar"]', $array);

var_dump will give

array(3) {
  [11]=>
  int(22)
  [111]=>
  int(222)
  [1111]=>
  int(2222)
}

or

$mapped = array_map_helper('$value["foo"]', $array);

var_dump will give

array(3) {
  [0]=>
  int(11)
  [1]=>
  int(111)
  [2]=>
  int(1111)
}

or

$mapped = array_map_helper('$value["foo"] + $value["bar"] . " at position $key"', $array);

var_dump will give

array(3) {
  [0]=>
  string(16) "33 at position 0"
  [1]=>
  string(17) "333 at position 1"
  [2]=>
  string(18) "3333 at position 2"
}
andref dot dias at pronus dot eng dot br
25-Oct-2006 04:14
A recursive way to handle multidimensional arrays:

<?php

function multidimensionalArrayMap( $func, $arr )
    {
   
$newArr = array();
    foreach(
$arr as $key => $value )
        {
       
$newArr[ $key ] = ( is_array( $value ) ? multidimensionalArrayMap( $func, $value ) : $func( $value ) );
        }
    return
$newArr;
    }

?>
pcdinh at phpvietnam dot net
18-Mar-2006 01:50
Hi benjaminhill,

You can apply a method of a instantiated class to array_maps as follows:

class Maths {
    function addOne($input) {
        return ($input + 1);
    }
}
$maths = new Maths();
$sum = array_map(array($maths, \\\'addOne\\\'), array(1, 2));
// where $maths is the object which has been instantiated before and addOne is its method without its own parameters
var_dump($sum);

The code fragment will return:

array
  0 => 2
  1 => 3

However, I love a syntax like this:

$sum = array_map($maths->addOne($this), array(1, 2));

where $this should be interpreted as each values extracted from the subsequent array, which in this case is array(1, 2).

This syntax reminds me of Javascript syntax.

PHP\\\'s callback mechanism should be improved.
26-Aug-2005 10:57
Here's a function, very helpfull to me, that allows you to map your callback on mixed args.

<?php
function array_smart_map($callback) {
   
// Initialization
   
$args = func_get_args() ;
   
array_shift($args) ; // suppressing the callback
   
$result = array() ;
   
   
// Validating parameters
   
foreach($args as $key => $arg)
        if(
is_array($arg)) {
           
// the first array found gives the size of mapping and the keys that will be used for the resulting array
           
if(!isset($size)) {
               
$keys = array_keys($arg) ;
               
$size = count($arg) ;
           
// the others arrays must have the same dimension
           
} elseif(count($arg) != $size) {
                return
FALSE ;
            }
           
// all keys are suppressed
           
$args[$key] = array_values($arg) ;
        }
   
   
// doing the callback thing
   
if(!isset($size))
       
// if no arrays were found, returns the result of the callback in an array
       
$result[] = call_user_func_array($callback, $args) ;
    else
        for(
$i=0; $i<$size; $i++) {
           
$column = array() ;
            foreach(
$args as $arg)
               
$column[] = ( is_array($arg) ? $arg[$i] : $arg ) ;
           
$result[$keys[$i]] = call_user_func_array($callback, $column) ;
        }
           
    return
$result ;
   
}
?>

Trying with :

<?php
// $_GET is ?foo=bar1-bar2-bar3&bar=foo1
print_r(array_smart_map('explode', '-', $_GET)) ;
?>

Returns :

array(
    [foo] => array(
        0 => bar1
        1 => bar2
        2 => bar3
    )

    [bar] => array(
        1 => foo1
    )
)
david dot tulloh at infaze dot com dot au
07-Jul-2005 08:53
You can pass values to array_map by reference, essentially allowing you to use it as you would array_walk with multiple arrays as parameters.

A trivial example:
<?php
$a
= array(1,2,3,4,5);
$add_func = create_function('&$x, $y', '$x+=$y;');
array_map($add_func, $a, $a);
print_r($a);
?>
Array
(
    [0] => 2
    [1] => 4
    [2] => 6
    [3] => 8
    [4] => 10
)
Vinicius Cubas Brand
23-Mar-2005 10:31
The following function does exaclty the same thing of array_map. However, maintains the same index of the input arrays

<?php
   
function array_map_keys($param1,$param2,$param3=NULL)
    {
       
$res = array();

        if (
$param3 !== NULL)
        {
            foreach(array(
2,3) as $p_name)
            {
                if (!
is_array(${'param'.$p_name}))
                {
                   
trigger_error(__FUNCTION__.'(): Argument #'.$p_name.' should be an array',E_USER_WARNING);
                    return;
                }
            }
            foreach(
$param2 as $key => $val)
            {
               
$res[$key] = call_user_func($param1,$param2[$key],$param3[$key]);
            }
        }
        else
        {
            if (!
is_array($param2))
            {
               
trigger_error(__FUNCTION__.'(): Argument #2 should be an array',E_USER_WARNING);
                return;
            }
            foreach(
$param2 as $key => $val)
            {
               
$res[$key] = call_user_func($param1,$param2[$key]);
            }
        }
        return
$res;
    }
?>

For instance:

<?php
    $arr1
= array(
       
'3' => 'a',
       
'4' => 'b',
       
'5' => 'c'
       
);

   
$arr2 = array(
       
'3' => 'd',
       
'4' => 'e',
       
'5' => 'f'
       
);

   
$arr3 = array_map_keys(create_function('$a,$b','return $a.$b;'),$arr1,$arr2);

   
print_r($arr3);

?>

The result will be:

Array
(
    [3] => ad
    [4] => be
    [5] => cf
)
endofyourself at yahoo dot com
20-Feb-2005 04:29
If you need to call a static method from array_map, this will NOT work:

<?PHP
array_map
('myclass::myMethod' , $value);
?>

Instead, you need to do this:

<?PHP
array_map
( array('myclass','myMethod') , $value);
?>

It is helpful to remember that this will work with any PHP function which expects a callback argument.
nd0 at gmx dot de
02-Jul-2004 08:42
array_map works also fine with create_function:

<?php
$a
= array(1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
$b = array_map(create_function('$n', 'return $n*$n*$n;'), $a);
print_r($b);
?>

if you want to manipulate the elements of the array, instead to on a copy,
than take a look at array_walk:

<?php
$a
= array(1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
array_walk($a, create_function('&$n', '$n = $n*$n*$n;'));
print_r($a);
?>

The Result of both is:

Array
(
    [0] => 1
    [1] => 8
    [2] => 27
    [3] => 64
    [4] => 125
)
bishop
10-Apr-2004 09:07
Occasionally, you may find that you need to pull out a column (or several) from an array.  Here's a map-like function to do that:

<?php
function &array_shear(&$arrays, $idx1 /* ... */) {
   
$indexes = func_get_args();
   
array_shift($indexes);

   
$newArrays = array ();

    foreach (
array_keys($arrays) as $arrayKey) {
       
$newArray = array ();
        foreach (
$indexes as $index) {
           
$newArray[$index] = $arrays[$arrayKey][$index];
            unset(
$arrays[$arrayKey][$index]);
        }
       
$newArrays[$arrayKey] = $newArray;
    }

    return
$newArrays;
}
?>

So, doing this:

<?php
$t1
= array (
         
2 => array ('a', 'b', 'c'),
         
1 => array ('d', 'e', 'f'),
         
5 => array ('g', 'h', 'i'),
      );

$t2 = array_shear($t1, 1, 0);

?>

will result in:

<?php

$t1
= array (
 
2 =>   array (    2 => 'c',  ),
 
1 =>   array (    2 => 'f',  ),
 
5 =>   array (    2 => 'i',  ),
);

$t2 = array (
 
2 =>   array (    1 => 'b',    0 => 'a',  ),
 
1 =>   array (    1 => 'e',    0 => 'd',  ),
 
5 =>   array (    1 => 'h',    0 => 'g',  ),
);

?>
stephen at mu dot com dot au
07-Jan-2003 03:02
A note when doing something allong the lines of:

<?php
class foo {
  var
$var;
  function
bar() {
    
array_map(array($this, "baz"), array(1,2,3));
  }

  function
baz($arg) {
   
$this->var = $this->var + $arg;
  }
}
?>

This will *not* work as expected. You need to pass $this by reference as with:

array_map(array(&$this, "baz"), array(1,2,3));

or you'll be making a copy of the object each time, changing a value, then throwing the result away.
dan at mojavelinux dot com
15-Jun-2002 02:07
Here is a better, more true version of a deep array_map.  The only negative of this function is that the array is passed by reference, so just be aware of that. (patches welcome)

<?php
function array_map_deep(&$in_array, $in_func, $in_args = array(), $in_index = 1) {
   
// fix people from messing up the index of the value
   
if ($in_index < 1) {
      
$in_index = 1;
    }

    foreach (
array_keys($in_array) as $key) {
       
// we need a reference, not a copy, normal foreach won't do
       
$value =& $in_array[$key];
       
// we need to copy args because we are doing
        // manipulation on it farther down
       
$args = $in_args;
        if (
is_array($value)) {
           
array_map_deep($value, $in_func, $in_args, $in_index);
        }
        else {
           
array_splice($args, $in_index - 1, $in_index - 1, $value);
           
$value = call_user_func_array($in_func, $args);
        }
    }
   
    return
$in_array;
}
?>

This is a neat function because you can pass an array, a function, and an array of parameters, and finally, and index of where in the array of parameters for the callback function the contents you are mapping should get replaced.  This index is human based (starts at 1), and can be used in something like a preg_replace callback, where the contents must be the 3rd index.  Enjoy!

 
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