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Last updated: Thu, 31 May 2007

virtual

(PHP 4, PHP 5)

virtual — Apache サブリクエストを実行する

説明

bool virtual ( string $filename )

virtual() は、mod_include の  と似ている Apache 用関数です。この関数は、Apache サブリクエストを実行します。 CGI スクリプトまたは .shtml ファイル、Apache を通して解釈を行う他のものがある場合にこの関数は有用です。 CGI スクリプトの場合、そのスクリプトは、有効な CGI ヘッダを生成する必要があることに注意してください。最低でも、Content-type ヘッダを生成する必要があります。

サブリクエストを実行するには、全てのバッファを終了、ブラウザへフラッシュし、待機状態のヘッダも送信しておきます。

この関数は、 PHP が apache モジュールとしてインストールされた場合のみサポートされます。

パラメータ

filename: virtual コマンドが実行されるファイル

返り値

成功時は virtual コマンドの実行、失敗時は FALSE を返します。

変更履歴

バージョン	説明
4.0.6	この関数を PHP ファイルに使用することができます。しかし、他の PHP ファイルをインクルードする必要があるのなら、 include() または require() を使用するほうがベターです。

注意

警告

クエリ文字列をインクルードされるファイルに渡す事ができますが、 $_GET は親スクリプトからコピーされ、 $_SERVER['QUERY_STRING'] は渡されたクエリ文字列になります。クエリ文字列は、Apache 2 を使用している場合の見渡されます。要求されたファイルは Apache アクセスログに出力されません。

注意: 要求されたファイルの中で設定された環境変数は、呼び出し元のスクリプトからは見えません。

注意: PHP 4.3.3 以降、 Netscape/iPlanet/SunONE Web サーバの NSAPI サーバモジュールでもこの関数を使用できます。

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Last updated: Thu, 31 May 2007

add a note User Contributed Notes
virtual

Anonymous at spam dot org
09-May-2007 09:13


Note that QUERY_STRING seems to get inherited, so to make a virtual request WITHOUT one, one needs to explicitly append a "?" to the URL of the sub-request (to cause the creation of a "null" query string).  Of course, if the desired URL has its own query string, that will override and an additional "?" should not be appended.



This was with PHP 4.4.7 (released May 2007).

vcaron at bearstech dot com
07-Jul-2006 07:26


You can use virtual() to implement your own dispatcher/auth handler in an efficient and effective way.



For instance if you have a bunch of images you would like to be served statically by Apache (its job after all), but with a more com

plex access pattern than mod_access allows you to do (say a MySQL lookup with your app logic), try this simple Apache rule:



  Order Allow,Deny

  Allow from env=PHP_ALLOW



Then in your PHP script, before sending any content or header:



<?php

$image = "/some/URL/path/test.png";

if (client_may_view_image($image)) {

  apache_setenv('PHP_ALLOW', '1');

  if (virtual($image))

    exit(0);

  echo "Ops, failed to fetched granted image $image (hammer your webmaster).\n";

} else

  echo "Sorry buddy, you're not allowed in here.\n";

?>



Of course very Apache-ish, but it's much more efficient and uniform to rely on Apache rather than passthru() and mime_content_type()

 hacks : it does the path lookup and auth/security audit as the admin expects, use the best static serving it can (think 'sendfile')

 and you can even chain your request with another embedded script eg. in mod_perl.

ruibal_DELETED_p*AT*gmail__dot__com
06-Feb-2006 08:04


when php is installed as an apache module, this works pretty well for writing your own php preprocessor/information logger. For example, requests to any URI underneath pre.php will first be executed by pre.php, then returned to the user.

<?

$docroot        = $_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'];

$script_root    = str_replace( basename($_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME']),'',$_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME'] );

$script_ext     = substr( $_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME'], strrpos( $_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME'],'.' ) );

$fakework_root  = $script_root.basename( $_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME'] ).'/';

$framework_root = $script_root.'_'.basename( $_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME'], $script_ext ).'/';

$frequest_root  = dirname( $framework_root.substr( $_SERVER['PATH_INFO'], 1 )).'/';

$frequest_name  = basename( $_SERVER['PATH_INFO'] );

$frequest_ext   = (strrpos($frequest_name,'.')===FALSE ? FALSE : strtolower(substr( $frequest_name, ( strrpos( $frequest_name, '.' )+1 ) ) ) );

$frequest_full  = $frequest_root.$frequest_name;

$doc_frequest   = $docroot.$frequest_full;

$doc_framework   = $docroot.$framework_root;



$DO_PARSE = in_array( $frequest_ext, $chk_exts );

if( $DO_PARSE )

{

    $tmpfname = tempnam( $doc_framework.'tmp', 'aj_' ).($frequest_ext? ('.'.$frequest_ext) : '');

    if( ($to_parse=@file_get_contents($doc_frequest))===FALSE )

        $to_parse="404";

    $tmpvname = str_replace( $docroot, '', $tmpfname ); 

    $tmpvname = str_replace( '\\\\', '/', $tmpvname ); 

// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

//  Do processing of data stored in $to_parse

// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

    $to_parse = striptags( $to_parse );



// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

    $handle = fopen($tmpfname, "w");

    fwrite($handle, $to_parse);

    fclose($handle);

    @virtual( $tmpvname.$getvars );

    unlink( $tmpfname );

}

else

    @virtual( $frequest_full.$getvars );



?>



So all files in http://server/sub/pre.php/path/ are really located in http://server/sub/_pre/path/



All this needs is some kind of caching mechanism.



But yeah, this could be modified to add watermarks with the image functions, convert to xml with Tidy, check for extensions better with mimeTypes, proxy content with cURL, validate $_SERVER['HTTP_REFERER'] or $_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'], etc etc



This gives you much more over than the auto_prepend_file, and auto_append_file, for certain functionality



The key is the virtual function _because_ it delivers the modified content with an apache subrequest.

adam at varud dot com
23-Apr-2005 06:35


One should probably use include() instead of virtual() if it is straight html text.  There is no advantage to using the apache sub-process over php (escpecially since you're calling it from php).  You may end up with a warning like this:



Warning: virtual(): A session is active. You cannot change the session module's ini settings at this time.

abentley at panoramicfeedback dot com
18-Jun-2003 02:29


Here's an update to tomwk's code:

function safe_virtual( $filename )

{

   $curDir = getcwd();

   virtual ( $filename );

   chdir( $curDir );

}



This is better if you've already changed your current directory to be something other than your script's directory.  It works for PHP4 and above.

php at n-wise dot com
03-Jan-2003 04:15


I saw the note above about the length of the query string... but didn't know what it was, so have altered the code so it can post to the script.

Probly only works on nix systems as it makes use of the echo function...

This code also will look evaluate the result, so you can get cgi to dynamically create PHP (probly best to watch out that posted variables do not include script!)

<?

$CGISCRIPT="./cgi-bin/cgiscript.cgi";

 // preparing the arguments passed to this PHP page 

$QSTRING = $QUERY_STRING; 



foreach ($HTTP_POST_VARS as $header=> $value ){

 if($QSTRING==""){

    $QSTRING = $header.'='.urlencode($value); 

 }else{

    $QSTRING = $QSTRING.'&'.$header.'='.urlencode($value); 

 }

}

 

putenv('REQUEST_METHOD=POST'); 

putenv('CONTENT_TYPE=application/x-www-form-urlencoded');

putenv('CONTENT_LENGTH='.strlen($QSTRING));

putenv('QUERY_STRING='.$QSTRING); 

unset($return_array); 

exec('echo "'.$QSTRING.'"| '.$CGISCRIPT, $return_array, $return_val); 



//The 1st line of my script was "Content...." ... so remove it!

$firstline=array_shift($return_array);

//evaluate the code

eval('?>'.implode($return_array,''));



?>

chardin at ssc dot wisc dot edu
08-Nov-2002 08:00


If you are having problems using virtual include becuase of files being stored in different directories, a root-relative path will make things much easier:



virtual ("/root directory/directory/filename.htm/");



where root directory is the root directory of your site (ask your sys admin if you dont know what it is) Don't include the protocol or host name.



This will also allow you to move your files around your site without having to redirect your includes which is *very* helpfull

crazyted at crazyted dot com
11-Jan-2002 04:57


I have a header that's include()'ed on each of my pages. I then wanted to add a Perl script to that header file (header.php) via the virtual() command. 



Since my header is used by documents in my /www folder along with other folders inside that (and inside those), and virtual() seems to take only relative paths, I had to write some code to dynamically get the path to the perl script.



Hope this helps some ppl out:



  $cwd = getcwd();

  $script_name = "cgi-bin/perl_script.pl";

  $count = substr_count($cwd, '/');

  $count = $count - 3;

  // get rid of extra absolute paths since my directory is /home/user/www



  // Add additional path information

  for($i = 1; $i <= $count; $i++){

    $script_name = "../".$script_name;      

  }

  virtual($script_name);

s dot dan at free dot fr
01-Aug-2001 12:43


Another way of passing arguments:


If you have some CGI programs that depend on some libraries where you can't change the source code (in my case an online payment library), you can pass the arguments by changing some environment variables.





Of course the CGI program has to get the GET/POST variables in the usual manner.


It simulates, more or less, a direct call from the server to a CGI program:





// preparing the arguments passed to this PHP page


$QSTRING = $QUERY_STRING;





// pay attention to the maximum length of the QUERY string.


while (list ($header, $value) = each ($HTTP_POST_VARS)){


  if (empty($QSTRING))


    $QSTRING = $header.'='.$value;


 else


    $QSTRING = $QSTRING.'&'.$header.'='.$value;


} 





putenv('REQUEST_METHOD=GET');


putenv('QUERY_STRING='.$QSTRING);





unset($return_array);


exec('my_CGI', $return_array, $return_val);





Now you can parse the output of 'my_CGI' in return_array.

logang at deltatee dot com
27-Apr-2001 11:21


If you want to pass all post and get values to the cgi script you can use this code:





$QSTRING = $QUERY_STRING;


while (list ($header, $value) = each ($HTTP_POST_VARS)) 


{


   $QSTRING = $QSTRING.'&'.$header.'='.$value;


}





virtual($script.'?'.$QSTRING);





It takes all the values of $HTTP_POST_VARS and appends them in the proper format to the values you get in $QUERY_STRING

david at audiogalaxy dot com
29-Nov-1999 03:44


Virtual returns the HTTP entity header after the requested file, when it's the first output to the page.





The work-around to prevent seeing the header is, of course, to output something (such as echo " "; ) before calling virtual.

add a note

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Last updated: Thu, 31 May 2007