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Last updated: Thu, 31 May 2007

setlocale

(PHP 4, PHP 5)

setlocale — ロケール情報をセットする

説明

string setlocale ( int $category, string $locale [, string $...] )
string setlocale ( int $category, array $locale )

categoryは、名前付きの定数(または文字列)であり、ロケール設定により影響を受ける関数のカテゴリを指定します。カテゴリには、以下のものがあります。

LC_ALL 以下のものすべて
LC_COLLATE 文字列の比較用。strcoll()参照
LC_CTYPE 文字の分類と変換。たとえば strtoupper()
LC_MONETARY localeconv() 用 - PHP では現在未実装
LC_NUMERIC 数字の区切り文字用(localeconv() も参照ください)
LC_TIME 日時。strftime()でフォーマットに使用
LC_MESSAGES システムの応答用(PHP が libintl とともにコンパイルされている場合のみ使用可能)

注意: PHP 4.2.0 以降、文字列として category を渡すことは推奨されません。代わりに上記の定数を使用してください。これらを文字列として (クオートして) 渡すと、ワーニングメッセージが表示されます。

localeが NULL もしくは空の文字列 "" の場合、ロケール名は上記のカテゴリと同じ名前の環境変数の値、または環境変数 "LANG" からセットされます。

locale が 0 または "0" の場合、ロケール設定は適用されず、単に現在の設定が返されます。

locale が配列もしくは追加のパラメータが続く場合、それぞれの配列要素もしくはパラメータは成功するまで新規ロケールとしてセットされます。これは、ロケールが異なるシステムで異なる名前を持っている、もしくはロケールが利用できない可能性がある場合のフォールバックを提供するといった場合に有用です。

注意: PHP 4.3.0 以前では、複数のロケールを渡すことはできません。

setlocale は現在の新しいロケールを返し、ロケール機能が未実装、指定されたロケールが存在しない、カテゴリ名が無効などの場合は FALSE を返します。また、カテゴリ名が無効の場合は警告メッセージが発生します。カテゴリやロケール名は、 » RFC 1766 や » ISO 639 にあります。異なるシステムでは異なる命名スキーマになります。

注意: setlocale() の戻り値は、 PHP が実行されているシステムに依存します。システムの setlocale 関数が返す値を返すためです。

警告

ロケール情報は、スレッド毎ではなくプロセス毎に維持されます。もし PHP を IIS や Windows 用 Apache のようなマルチスレッドサーバ API 上で動作させている場合、スクリプトを実行している間にロケールの設定が突然変わるのを経験するかも知れませんが、スクリプト自身は決して setlocale() 自身をコールしていません。これは同時に同一プロセスの異なるスレッドで実行されている他のスクリプトが setlocale() を使用してプロセスワイドなロケールを変更する事により発生します。

ティップ

Windows ユーザーは Microsoft の MSDN の Web サイトに locale 文字列に関する有用な情報を見つけることができるでしょう。サポートしている言語文字列は、» http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/vclib/html/_crt_language_strings.asp 、サポートしている国/地域文字列は» http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/vclib/html/_crt_country_strings.asp にあります。Windows システムは、ISO 3166-Alpha-3 によって定められた国/地域文字列の 3 文字コードをサポートしています。これは » Unicode website にあります。

例 2375. setlocale()の例


<?php

/* ロケールをオランダ語に設定 */

setlocale (LC_ALL, 'nl_NL');



/* 出力: vrijdag 22 december 1978 */

echo strftime("%A %e %B %Y", mktime(0, 0, 0, 12, 22, 1978));



/* PHP 4.3.0 以降、ドイツに対して利用可能な異なるロケール名を使用する */

$loc_de = setlocale(LC_ALL, 'de_DE@euro', 'de_DE', 'de', 'ge');

echo "Preferred locale for german on this system is '$loc_de'";

?>

例 2376. Windows での setlocale() の例


<?php

/* ロケールをオランダ語に設定 */

setlocale(LC_ALL, 'nld_nld');



/* 出力: vrijdag 22 december 1978 */

echo strftime("%A %d %B %Y", mktime(0, 0, 0, 12, 22, 1978));



/* PHP 4.3.0 以降、ドイツに対して利用可能な異なるロケール名を使用する */

$loc_de = setlocale(LC_ALL, 'de_DE@euro', 'de_DE', 'deu_deu');

echo "Preferred locale for german on this system is '$loc_de'";

?>

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add a note User Contributed Notes
setlocale

mvanbaak
09-May-2007 09:03


To complement Sven K's tip about debian:



You can also install the package locales-all

That one holds all the locales there are in compiled form.

szepeshazi at gmail dot com
19-Feb-2007 12:11


For those of you who are unfortunate enough (like me) to work in Windows environment, and try to set the locale to a language _and_ to UTF-8 charset, and were unable to do it, here is a workaround.



For example to output the date in hungarian with UTF-8 charset, this will work:



    $dateString = "%B %d., %A";

    setlocale(LC_ALL,'hungarian');

    $res=strftime($dateString);

    echo(iconv('ISO-8859-1', 'UTF-8', $res));



If anybody knows how to set the locale on Windows to the equivalent of "hu_HU.UTF-8" on unix, please do tell me.

lifeless
21-Nov-2006 02:40


if your server is an ubuntu (debian like)

you need to install the locales you want (default is english and your language) go to aptitude and install -language-pack-*-base it will resolve dependencies and will try to install a suggested package, remove it if you don't care and proceed.

Clayton Smith
27-Sep-2006 03:15


If you already have all the locales installed and "locale -a" is only showing a few languages, then edit /etc/locale.gen and add a line, e.g., es_MX ISO-8859-1.  After you add the line, run the command locale-gen for it to generate the locales based on those settings.

grmela at removethis ent cz
07-Sep-2006 06:58


Just in case you freshly installed some new locales and they doesn't seem to work with setlocale(), don't forget to restart your webserver. It may save you some time browsing your code trying to fix it there :)

Sven K
08-Jun-2006 07:08


If your system doesn't show any installed locales by "locale -a", try installing them by "dpkg-reconfigure locales" (on debian).

09-Mar-2006 05:17


The example from bruno dot cenou at revues dot org below shows the possibility, but I want to spell it out: you can add charset info to setlocale.



Example:



Into my utf-8-encoded page I want to insert the name of the current month, which happens to be March, in German "März" - with umlaut. If you use



   setlocale(LC_TIME, 'de_DE');

   echo strftime("%B");



this will return "M&auml;rz", but that html-entity will look like this on a utf-8 page: "M?rz". Not what I want.



But if you use



   setlocale(LC_TIME, 'de_DE.UTF8');  // note the charset info !

   echo strftime("%B");



this returns "M√§rz", which, on utf-8, looks like it should: "März".

bruno dot cenou at revues dot org
20-Feb-2006 11:31


A little function to test available locales on a sytem :



<?php

function list_system_locales(){

    ob_start();

    system('locale -a'); 

    $str = ob_get_contents();

    ob_end_clean();

    return split("\\n", trim($str));

}



$locale = "fr_FR.UTF8";

$locales = list_system_locales();



if(in_array($locale, $locales)){

        echo "yes yes yes....";

}else{

        echo "no no no.......";

}



?>

Edwin Martin
20-Feb-2006 09:29


Debian users: Addition to Gabor Deri's note: if setlocale doesn't work in your locale and you're on Debian, and Gabor Deri's note doesn't work, you have to install the locales package.



As root, type: "apt-get install locales" and it will be installed.

glenn at europlan dot no
30-Nov-2005 04:55


In most Unix/Linux system, you could use:



locale -a



This will list all available locales on the server.

birkholz at web dot de
15-Aug-2005 12:42


When i tried to get the current locale (e.g. after i set the lang to german with setlocale(LC_ALL, 'de_DE'); ), the following did not work on my suse linux 9.0-box:

$currentLocale = setlocale(LC_ALL, NULL);

This code did a reset to the server-setting.



$currentLocale = setlocale(LC_ALL, 0); works perfectly for me, but the manual says NULL and 0 are equal in this case, but NULL seems to act like "".

cdblog at gmail dot com
26-May-2005 02:39


When you use Smarty's html_select_date,

you can use setlocale(LC_TIME, string local) in your script before display the template file

then get the local month name,

also, you can copy the "plugins/function.html_select_date.php" to "plugins/function.html_select_date_local.php",

and modify the function name to smarty_function_html_select_date_local(former is smarty_function_html_select_date)



for more examples about this function, you can visit my php blog( http://php.clickz.cn/ ) to find more.



this resource's link is http://php.clickz.cn/articles/date/setlocale.html



example test:

<?php

setlocale(LC_TIME,"chs");



$smarty->display("setlocale.tpl");



?>



the setlocale.tpl's content

-------------------------

<html>

<head>My PHP Blog</head>

<body>

{ html_select_date_local prefix="" time=$smarty.get.date month_format="%B" all_extra="onChange='theFormSubmit();'" end_year=+1 }

</body>

</html>

pigmeu at pigmeu dot net
19-Oct-2004 05:42


!!WARNING!!



The "locale" always depend on the server configuration.



i.e.:

When trying to use "pt_BR" on some servers you will ALWAYS get false. Even with other languages.



The locale string need to be supported by the server. Sometimes there are diferents charsets for a language, like "pt_BR.utf-8" and "pt_BR.iso-8859-1", but there is no support for a _standard_ "pt_BR".



This problem occours in Windows platform too. Here you need to call "portuguese" or "spanish" or "german" or...



Maybe the only way to try to get success calling the function setlocale() is:

setlocale(LC_ALL, "pt_BR", "pt_BR.iso-8859-1", "pt_BR.utf-8", "portuguese", ...);



But NEVER trust on that when making functions like date conversions or number formating. The best way to make sure you are doing the right thing, is using the default "en_US" or "en_UK", by not calling the setlocale() function. Or, make sure that your server support the lang you want to use, with some tests.



Remember that: Using the default locale setings is the best way to "talk" with other applications, like dbs or rpc servers, too.



[]s



Pigmeu

dv at josheli dot com
13-Aug-2004 08:04


On Novell Netware, the language codes require hyphens, not underscores, and using anything other than LC_ALL doesn't work directly.



So... (from their support list)....



You have to set TIME, NUMERIC etc. info in two steps as given below rather than one. This is due to the limitation of setlocale function of LibC.

<?php

   setlocale(LC_ALL, 'es-ES');

   $loc = setlocale(LC_TIME, NULL);

   echo strftime("%A %e %B %Y", mktime(0, 0, 0, 12, 22, 1978));

  // jeuves 22 diciembre 1978

?>

This should work.



or of course, reset LC_ALL...

<?php

setlocale(LC_ALL, 'es-ES');

echo strftime("%A %e %B %Y", mktime(0, 0, 0, 12, 22, 1978));

setlocale(LC_ALL, '');

// jeuves 22 diciembre 1978

?>

bogdan at iHost dot ro
03-Mar-2004 07:53


On some systems (at least FreeBSD 4.x) the format for a `locale' is, for example, ro_RO.ISO8859-2. If you use ro_RO instead setlocale will return FALSE. Just browse in /usr/share/locale and see what is the name of the directory holding your `locale' and use that name in your scripts:



<?php

  clearstatcache();

  $pos = strrpos ($_SERVER["PHP_SELF"], "/");

  $fisier = substr ($_SERVER["PHP_SELF"], $pos + 1);

  $result = filemtime ($fisier);

  $local = setlocale (LC_TIME, 'ro_RO.ISO8859-2');

  if ($local == "ro_RO.ISO8859-2") {

    $modtime = strftime '%e&nbsp;%B&nbsp;%Y&nbsp;%H:%M', $result);

  } else {

    $modtime = strftime ('%d.%m.%Y&nbsp;%H:%M', $result);

  }

  printf ("Ultima&nbsp;actualizare: %s\\n", $modtime);

?>

mk at totu dot com
26-Jan-2004 09:59


Be carefull - setting a locale which uses commas instead of dots in numbers may cause a mysql db not to understand the query:


<?php


setlocale(LC_ALL,"pl");


$price = 1234 / 100; // now the price looks like 12,34


$query = mysql_query("SELECT Id FROM table WHERE price='".$price."'");


?>


Even if there is a price 12.34 - nothing will be found

r dot nospam dot velseboer at quicknet dot nospam dot nl
09-Sep-2002 11:02


be careful with the LC_ALL setting, as it may introduce some unwanted conversions. For example, I used 



setlocale (LC_ALL, "Dutch");



to get my weekdays in dutch on the page. From that moment on (as I found out many hours later) my floating point values from MYSQL where interpreted as integers because the Dutch locale wants a comma (,) instead of a point (.) before the decimals. I tried printf, number_format, floatval.... all to no avail. 1.50 was always printed as 1.00 :(



When I set my locale to :



 setlocale (LC_TIME, "Dutch");



my weekdays are good now and my floating point values too. 



I hope I can save some people the trouble of figuring this out by themselves.



Rob

Gabor Deri <gaborDOTderi at fuggetlen dot hu>
07-Aug-2002 01:31


IMPORTANT notice for DEBIAN linux users:



after the upgrade to the new stable (woody), you may have encountered that setlocale is not working at all, even though you have the files in the /usr/share/locale directory and everything was fine before the upgrade. in this case look at the /etc/locale.gen file, which contains the generated locales. if it is empty, you do not have any useful locales. to generate the needed locales run 'dpkg-reconfigure locales' as root and select the locales you need.

jorg-spamm at omnimedia dot no
04-Jul-2002 03:23


I needed to compile and install some extra locales to get this to work on RH7.3. Probably just me not doing a proper installation, but this is what it took to fix it:



localedef -ci no_NO -f ISO_8859-1 no_NO

elindset at hoved dot net
13-May-2002 06:59


In FreeBSD I had to use no_NO.ISO8859-1 instead of just no_NO..



<?PHP

    setlocale (LC_ALL, 'no_NO.ISO8859-1');

    echo strftime ("%A %e %B %Y", time());

?>

misc dot anders at feder dot dk
19-Jun-2001 10:13


Under FreeBSD, locale definitions are stored in the /usr/share/locale/ directory. Danish time formats and weekdays, for instance, are stored in /usr/share/locale/da_DK.ISO_8859-1/LC_TIME.

noog at libero dot it
24-Nov-2000 08:13


On windows:


Control Panel->International Settings


You can set your locale and customize it


And locale-related PHP functions work perfectly

Morgan Christiansson <mog at linux dot nu>
29-Mar-2000 05:56


check /usr/share/locale/ if you want more info about the locale available with your *NIX box





there is also a file called /usr/share/locale/locale.alias with a list of aliases


such as swedish for sv_SE





so on all boxes i have accounts on (rh 6.0 and slack 3.4) you can just use setlocale("LC_ALL","swedish"); or other prefered language in plain english.





However, the weekdays were in all lowercase :(





Note: export LC_ALL=swedish made a lot of programs swedish for me, it's also possible to make them russian or japanese :)

Lucas Thompson <lucas at slf dot cx>
31-Jan-2000 07:57


The Open Group has an excellent document available on the setlocale() library function, most of which applies to the PHP function of the same name.





http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/7908799/xbd/locale.html





WARNING: This document might be a little too complex for people who came from HTML to PHP.





If you migrated from the world of C programming you'll be a locale master after reading this document.

add a note

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Last updated: Thu, 31 May 2007