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Last updated: Thu, 31 May 2007

passthru

(PHP 4, PHP 5)

passthru — 外部プログラムを実行し、未整形の出力を表示する

説明

void passthru ( string $command [, int &$return_var] )

passthru()関数はexec()関数と同様、 commandを実行します。引数 return_var を指定した場合、 Unix コマンドのステータスで置換されます。この関数は Unix コマンドからの出力がバイナリデータであり、ブラウザーへ直接返す必要がある場合、exec() もしくはsystem()の代わりに使用する必要があります。よく使うのは、直接画像ストリームを出力することができる pbmplus ユーティリティの様なものを実行する場合です。content-type を image/gifに設定して、gifを出力するpbmplus プログラムを呼び出すことにより、直接画像を出力する PHP スクリプトを作成することができます。

パラメータ

command: 実行するコマンド
return_var: 引数return_varが存在する場合、 Unix コマンドのステータスがこの変数に書かれます。

返り値

値を返しません。

注意

警告

ユーザが入力したデータをこの関数に渡すことを許可する場合、ユーザが任意のコマンドを実行できるようシステムを欺くことができないように escapeshellarg() または escapeshellcmd() を適用する必要があります。

注意: この関数を用いてプログラムを開始し、バックグラウンドで実行させたままにしたい場合、このプログラムの出力をファイルまたは他の出力ストリームにリダイレクトするようにする必要があります。さもないと、 PHP はプログラム実行終了までにハングしてしまいます。

注意: セーフモードが有効な場合、 safe_mode_exec_dirの中にある実行プログラムのみ実行可能です。実際的な理由により、現在、実行プログラムへのパスに ..を含めることはできません。

警告

セーフモードが有効な場合、コマンド文字列は escapeshellcmd() でエスケープされます。つまり、echo y | echo x は、echo y \| echo x となります。

参考

exec()
system()
popen()
escapeshellcmd()
バックティック演算子

proc_close

" width="11" height="7"/>

exec

Last updated: Thu, 31 May 2007

add a note User Contributed Notes
passthru

Paul Giblock
19-May-2007 03:30


Stuart:



The pasthru function does not execute the program through the shell.  What this mean, among other things, is that your PATH variable is never set.  Therefore, you have to use full paths on everything.



I believe system() will run your program underneith a shell.  This allow the program to run in a 'normal' environment.



-Paul

nuker at list dot ru
03-Jan-2006 10:51


I wrote function, that gets proxy server value from the Internet Explorer (from

registry). It was tested in Windows XP Pro



(Sorry for my English)



<?php

function getProxyFromIE()

{

        exec("reg query \"HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft".

        "\Windows\CurrentVersion\Internet Settings\" /v ProxyEnable",

        $proxyenable,$proxyenable_status);



        exec("reg query \"HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft".

        "\Windows\CurrentVersion\Internet Settings\" /v ProxyServer",

        $proxyserver);



        if($proxyenable_status!=0)

        return false; #Can't access the registry! Very very bad...

        else

        {

        $enabled=substr($proxyenable[4],-1,1);

        if($enabled==0)

        return false;

        else

        {

        $proxy=ereg_replace("^[ \t]{1,10}ProxyServer\tREG_SZ[ \t]{1,20}","",

        $proxyserver[4]);



        if(ereg("[\=\;]",$proxy))

        {

             $proxy=explode(";",$proxy);

             foreach($proxy as $i => $v)

             {

                   if(ereg("http",$v))

                   {

                   $proxy=str_replace("http=","",$v);

                   break;

                   }

             }

             if(@!ereg("^[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\:".

             "[0-9]{1,5}$",$proxy))

             return false;

             else

             return $proxy;

        }

        else

        return $proxy;

        }



        }

}

?>

Note, that this function returns FALSE if proxy is disabled in Internet

Explorer. This function returns ONLY HTTP proxy server.



Usage:

<?php

$proxy=getProxyFromIE();

if(!$proxy)

echo "Can't get proxy!";

else

echo $proxy;

?>

Stuart Eve
09-Dec-2005 04:24


I dunno if anyone else might find this useful, but when I was trying to use the passthru() command on Suse9.3 I was having no success with the command:



$command = 'gdal_translate blahahahaha';



passthru($command);



It only worked once I put:



$command = '/usr/bin/local/gdal_translate blalalala';



passthru($command);

vijayramanan at rediffmail dot com
13-Oct-2005 07:09


I had an issue when i used exec



I think we were echoing information on the test.php script.

for eg: when we tried 



exec(php test.php,$array,$error);



the return was 127 and the code was failing.



checking the note on this page gave us a hint to use passthru instead.

The only thing to note is that you need to provide the fuull path.



now our command became



passthru(/bin/php /pathtotest/test.php,$array,$error);



this works.



yipeee!!!!!

waldow at NOSPAM dot chem dot plu dot edu
22-Sep-2005 11:59


When upgrading my redhat server to enterprise 4, selinux was turned on. This caused one of my php scripts (that uses passthru) to fail.  After some nice help from redhat, I was able to get the script running again. Here is what helped me.



If you get permission errors (in /var/log/httpd/error_log) which seem to be from selinux (and not standard chmod or chown issues), make sure that the folder you are using is not in /tmp and has the selinux context of httpd_sys_script_rw_t as can be set as follows:



chcon -t httpd_sys_script_rw_t folder_name



Hope this helps someone...

stuartc1 at NOSPAM dot hotmail dot com
09-Aug-2005 11:52


Thought it might beuseful to note the passthru seems to supress error messages whilst being run in Dos on Windows (test on NT).



To show FULL raw output including errors, use system().

igor at bboy dot ru
24-Jun-2005 05:33


If you are using passthru() to download files (for dynamically generated content or something outside webserver root) using similar code:



header("Content-Type: application/octet-stream");

header("Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=\"myfile.zip\"");

header("Content-Length: 11111");

passthru("cat myfile.zip",$err);



and your download goes fine, but subsequent downloads / link clicks are screwed up, with headers and binary data being all over the website, try putting



exit();



after the passthrough. This will exit the script after the download is done and will not interfere with any future actions.

sarel dot w at envent dot co dot za
09-Mar-2005 04:33


Zak Estrada

14-Dec-2004 11:21 

Remember to use the full path (IE '/usr/local/bin/foo' instead of 'foo') when using passthru, otherwise you'll get an exit code of 127 (command not found).



Remember, you'll also get this error if your file does not have executable permission.

puppy at cyberpuppy dot org
03-Mar-2005 07:50


Regarding swbrown's comment...you need to use an output buffer if you don't want the data displayed.



For example:

ob_start();

passthru("<i>command</i>");

$var = ob_get_contents();

ob_end_clean(); //Use this instead of ob_flush()



This gets all the output from the command, and exits without sending any data to stdout.

Zak Estrada
15-Dec-2004 01:21


Remember to use the full path (IE '/usr/local/bin/foo' instead of 'foo') when using passthru, otherwise you'll get an exit code of 127 (command not found).

php @ richud dot com
28-May-2004 12:30


Regarding kpierre's post, be mindful that if you shell script errors, you will find the error output from it in the base error_log file (not virtualhost error_log) in apache.

jcr at marvel-databadge dot com
05-Sep-2003 03:23


With apache 2.x on RH9 passthru() writes 1 byte at a time. Apache 2.x buffers and chunk encodes the output for you - but the chunked encoding devides the output in chunks of 1 byte each...thus several bytes of overhead per byte. I guess that buffering behaviour is by design - but caused problems for me with IE adobe acrobot 5 plugin. The plugin doesn't like like it if you send it a stream of 1 byte chunks - it tells you your file is not a pdf or gives a blank screen. Using output buffering (ob_start / ob_endflush) gives reasonable size chunks and the plugin works OK.

swbrown at ucsd dot edu
04-Jun-2003 12:41


passthru() seems absolutely determined to buffer output no matter what you do, even with ob_implicit_flush().  The solution seems to be to use popen() instead.

kpierre at fit dot edu
31-Jan-2002 12:35


The documention does not mention that passthru() will only display standard output and not standard error.



If you are running a script you can pipe the STDERR to STDOUT by doing 



exec 2>&1



Eg. the script below will actually print something with the passthru() function...



#!/bin/sh

exec 2>&1

ulimit -t 60

cat nosuchfile.txt

mike at ftl dot com
23-Jan-2002 08:29


In reference to aborted scripts hanging. You can set 'ignore_user_abort(true);' in your script and it does exactly that. 



 It causes the browser to stop loading but the script will continue.

andreas dot hochsteger at oeamtc dot at
03-Oct-2001 11:51


If you sometimes get no output from passthru() use system() instead. This solved this problem for me (php 4.0.5 on Tru64 Unix compiled with gcc).

sidney at jigsaw dot nl
21-Jun-2001 09:25


PJ's ulimit example is nice; however, if you include multiple commands in the script after the ulimit command, each gets its own, seperate 60 second time slot!<br>





Furthermore, these sixty seconds are *CPU* time. Most programs hang for other reasons than CPU hogging (for example, waiting for a database connection) so for most purposes the number 60 is rather too high.<br>





Try "ulimit -t 1" first, which will give you about 10^9 cycles on modern hardware -- quite enough to get a lot of work done!

PJ at piggei dot com
15-Feb-2001 10:06


About the problem of zombies, you may call a bash script like this:





--------------------------


#! /bin/bash


ulimit -t 60





<your command here>


--------------------------

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proc_close

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exec

Last updated: Thu, 31 May 2007