$BDL>o$N%Q%9L>$H%7%s%\%j%C%/!&%j%s%/$r;H$C$?%Q%9L>$rMQ$$$FF1$8%U%!%$%k$r(B $BJ#?t$NL>A0$G07$($k$3$H$r!"(Bls $B%3%^%s%I$d(Bcat $B%3%^%s%I$r;H$C$F<($7$J$5$$!#(B

$B"#2]Bj(BB: UNIX$B%3%^%s%I$N:n@.(B

$B$3$N2]Bj$N%W%m%0%i%`$O(BC$B8@8l$rMQ$$$F:n@.$7$J$5$$!#(B

$B"!2]Bj(BB-1$B!!(BUNIX$B>e$N4{B8$N%3%^%s%I$ND4::(B

$B0J2<$K5-=R$5$l$?%3%^%s%I$NMxMQJ}K!$N$&$A!"(B $B3F%0%k!<%W(B2$B8D0J>eA*$S!"%^%K%e%"%k$rFI$_!"l9g$d%G%#%l%/%H%jL>$r;XDj$G$-$k>l9g$O$=(B $B$N$h$&$JNc$r

$B%0%k!<%W(BA: $B%U%!%$%k4XO"(B

(1) cat $B%3%^%s%I(B

$ cat file1 - file2 > file3 
$ cat -n file1 
$ cat -n file1 - file2 > file3 

(2) cp $B%3%^%s%I(B

$ cp file1 file2 
$ cp file1 file2 file3 dir1 

(3) sort $B%3%^%s%I(B

$ sort file1 > file1.sorted 

(4) uniq $B%3%^%s%I(B

$ uniq file1 
$ sort file1 > file1.sorted 
$ sort file1 | uniq 

(5) head $B%3%^%s%I(B

$ head file1 file2 
$ head file1 - file2 
$ head -5 file1 

(6) tail $B%3%^%s%I(B

$ tail file1 file2 
$ tail file1 - file2 
$ tail -5 file1 

(7) cmp $B%3%^%s%I(B

$ cmp file1 file2 
$ cmp file1 - 

(8) tr $B%3%^%s%I(B

$ tr A-Z a-z < file1 > file2 

(9) wc $B%3%^%s%I(B

$ wc file1 file2 
$B!!!!(B       18      25     283 file1
$B!!!!(B       62     216    1658 file2
$B!!!!(B       80     241    1941 total
$ 

(10) grep $B%3%^%s%I(B

$ grep pattern file 

(11) who $B%3%^%s%I(B

$ who 

$B%0%k!<%W(BB: $B%G%#%l%/%H%j(B

(12) ls $B%3%^%s%I(B

$ ls 
$ ls dir 
$ ls file1 file2 
$ ls -l dir 

(13) mkdir $B%3%^%s%I(B

$ mkdir dir1 
$ mkdir -p dir2/dir3 

(14) du $B%3%^%s%I(B

$ du 
$ du ~/public_html/ 

(15) df $B%3%^%s%I(B

$ df . 

(16) sync $B%3%^%s%I(B

$ sync 

(17) find $B%3%^%s%I(B

$ find . -name file1 -print 

(18) tar $B%3%^%s%I(B

$ tar cf - file1 file2 > files.tar 
$ tar cf - dir | gzip > dir.tar.gz 
$ tar tf dir.tar 
$ tar xf dir.tar 

$B%0%k!<%W(BC: $B;~9o$H;~4V(B

(19) date $B%3%^%s%I(B

$ date 
$ env TZ=UTC date 

(20) sleep $B%3%^%s%I(B

$ sleep 10 
$ sleep 5; echo "wake up" 

(21) touch $B%3%^%s%I(B

$ ls -l file 
$ touch file 
$ ls -l file 

(22) stat $B%3%^%s%I(B

$ stat file 
$ stat . 

$B%0%k!<%W(BD: UID

(23) id $B%3%^%s%I(B

$ id 
$ id loginname 

(24) groups $B%3%^%s%I(B

$ groups 

(25) su $B%3%^%s%I(B

$ su 

(26) sudo $B%3%^%s%I(B

$ sudo shutdown now 

$B%0%k!<%W(BE: $B%W%m%;%9(B

(27) time $B%3%^%s%I(B

$ time ./a.out 
$ time ./a.out > /dev/null 

(28) true $B%3%^%s%I(B

$ if   true; then echo OK $?; else echo NG $?; fi; 
$ if ! true; then echo OK $?; else echo NG $?; fi; 

(29) kill $B%3%^%s%I(B

$ kill PID 
$ kill -KILL PID 
$ kill -9 PID 

(30) watch $B%3%^%s%I(B

$ watch who 

(31) xargs $B%3%^%s%I(B

$ find . -name '*.[ch]' -newer a.out -print | xargs head 
$ file /usr/bin/* | awk -F: '/shell script/ {print $1}' | xargs wc 

(32) timeout $B%3%^%s%I(B

$ sh -c 'echo What is your name\?; read name; echo Hello, $name-san.' 
$ timeout 5 sh -c 'echo What is your name\?; read name; echo Hello, $name-san.' 

(33) nohup $B%3%^%s%I(B

$ nohup make > log 2>&1 & 

$B"!2]Bj(BB-2$B!!(BUNIX$B>e$N4{B8$N%3%^%s%I$HN`;w$N%3%^%s%I$N:n@.(B

$BNc!'(B% ls

$BNc!'(B% wc < data > result

$BNc!'(B% cat data1 data2 | sort +1 -2 | uniq

$BNc!'(B% cat data1 data2 | sort +1 -2 > result

$BNc!'(B% make |& tee log

$BNc!'(B% cat data1 | sort >> result

$BNc!'(B% (cat data1 data2 | sort > result) >& error

$BNc!'(B% egrep pattern data | wc &

$BNc!'(B% egrep pattern data > result && less -F -N -S result
$BNc!'(B% cc test.c >& err || echo 'Compilation failed'

$BNc!'(B% cd /