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$B%7%'%k$G%3%^%s%I$rO"B3$7$F
$ date[Enter] 2014$BG/(B 6$B7n(B 19$BF|(B $BLZMKF|(B 14:27:12 JST $ cal[Enter] 6$B7n(B 2014 $BF|(B $B7n(B $B2P(B $B?e(B $BLZ(B $B6b(B $BEZ(B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 $ pwd[Enter] /home/sys/s123456

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$ cat > a[Enter]
date[Enter]
cal[Enter]
pwd[Enter]
Ctrl-D

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$ cat < a[Enter]
date
cal
pwd

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$ cat a[Enter]
date
cal
pwd

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#!/bin/bash
date
cal
pwd

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Hello

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ichiro

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My name is ichiro.

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$ my="My name is"[Enter]
$ echo $my $name.[Enter]
My name is ichiro.

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My name is ichiro.

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$my $name.

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$ v1=10 v2=20[Enter]
$ echo $v1 $v2[Enter]
10 20

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10+20

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$ echo $v3[Enter]
10 + 20

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$ let v3=$v1+$v2[Enter]
$ echo $v3[Enter]
30

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$ echo $v3[Enter]
30

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$ expr $v1 + $v2[Enter]
30

$B#2!%#4!!FCJL$J%7%'%kJQ?t(B

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10

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($B4D6-JQ?t$N0lMw$,I=<($5$l$k(B)

$B#3!%#2!!4D6-JQ?t$K$h$k%G!<%?$N

$B%F%-%9%H%(%G%#%?$r;H$C$F!$:#EY$O(B hensu.bash $B$H$$$&L>A0$N(B bash $B%9%/%j%W%H$r:n@.$7$^$9!%(Bemacs $B$r;H$&>l9g$O!$0J2<$N$h$&$K$7$^$9!%(B

emacs $B$r;H$C$F%7%'%k%9%/%j%W%H(B hensu.bash $B$r:n@.$9$k(B
$ emacs hensu.bash &[Enter]

$B$3$N%U%!%$%k$NFbMF$O!$

#!/bin/bash
echo $HENSU

$B$3$N%U%!%$%k$rJ]B8$7$?$i!$$=$l$K

bash $B%9%/%j%W%H(B hello.bash $B$r
$ chmod +x hensu.bash[Enter]

$B$3$l$G(B bash $B%9%/%j%W%H(B hensu.bash $B$r%3%^%s%I$H$7$F

hensu.bash $B$r
$ ./hensu.bash[Enter] ← $B2?$b=PNO$5$l$J$$(B

$BJQ?t(B HENSU $B$O%7%'%k%9%/%j%W%H(B hensu.bash $BFb$G$O@_Dj$5$l$F$$$^$;$s$+$i!$$3$N%7%'%k%9%/%j%W%H$r

set $B%3%^%s%I$G%7%'%kJQ?t(B HENSU $B$KCM$r@_Dj$9$k(B
$ HENSU=10[Enter]

$B$7$+$7!$$3$l$G$b(B hensu.bash $B$O2?$b=PNO$7$^$;$s!%(B

$B$b$&0lEY(B hensu.bash $B$r
$ ./hensu.bash[Enter] ← $B$d$C$Q$j2?$b=PNO$5$l$J$$(B

$B$=$3$G(B export $B%3%^%s%I$r;H$C$F!$%7%'%kJQ?t(B HENSU $B$r4D6-JQ?t$KAH$_9~$_$^$9!%(B

export $B%3%^%s%I$G4D6-JQ?t(B HENSU $B$KCM$r@_Dj$9$k(B
$ export HENSU[Enter]

$B$3$l$G(B hensu.bash $B$r

$B$5$i$K$b$&0lEY(B hensu.bash $B$r
$ ./hensu.bash[Enter] 10

$B@\;XDj$9$k$3$H$b$G$-$^$9!%$3$N$H$-!$$b$H$b$H$N4D6-JQ?t$NCM$OJQ2=$7$^$;$s!%(B

$B4D6-JQ?t$r>C5n$9$k(B
$ HENSU=30 ./hensu.bash[Enter] 30 $ echo $HENSU[Enter] 10 ←$B$b$H$b$H$N4D6-JQ?t$NCM$OJQ$o$i$J$$(B

$B#4!%%3%^%s%I$N%5!<%A%Q%9(B

$BDL>o;H$&%3%^%s%I$O!$(B/usr/bin $B$J$I!$$I$3$+B>$N%G%#%l%/%H%j$K<}$a$i$l$F$$$^$9!%%3%^%s%I$rl=j$b4^$a$F;XDj$9$kI,MW$,$"$j$^$9!%$7$+$7!$$=$l$G$O%3%^%s%I$,D9$/$J$j$9$.$k$N$G!$(BPATH $B$H$$$&4D6-JQ?t$K%3%^%s%I$N(B$B%5!<%A%Q%9(B$B$r@_Dj$7$F!$$I$3$K$"$k%3%^%s%I$r;H$&$N$+$r;XDj$7$F$$$^$9!%(B

date $B%3%^%s%I$r
$ date[Enter] 2014$BG/(B 6$B7n(B 19$BF|(B $BLZMKF|(B 14:30:45 JST

date $B%3%^%s%I$O(B$B%+%l%s%H%G%#%l%/%H%j$K$O$J$/(B$B!$$I$3$+JL$N$H$3$m$K$"$j$^$9$,!$%3%^%s%IL>$r;XDj$9$k$@$1$Gwhich $B%3%^%s%I$G3NG'$G$-$^$9!%(B

which $B%3%^%s%I$G$I$N%3%^%s%I$r
$ which date[Enter] /bin/date ←date $B%3%^%s%I$O(B /bin $B%G%#%l%/%H%j$K$"$k(B

$B%3%^%s%I$N%5!<%A%Q%9$,@_Dj$7$F$$$J$1$l$P!$%3%^%s%I$r

$B%3%^%s%I$r@dBP%Q%9L>$G;XDj$9$k(B
$ /bin/date[Enter] 2011$BG/(B 6$B7n(B 30$BF|(B $BLZMKF|(B 14:31:22 JST

$B%+%l%s%H%G%#%l%/%H%j$K$"$k%U%!%$%k$b!$%5!<%A%Q%9$K%+%l%s%H%G%#%l%/%H%j$,4^$^$l$F$$$J$1$l$P!$%U%!%$%kL>(B ($B%3%^%s%IL>(B) $B$@$1$G$O

$B%5!<%A%Q%9$K4^$^$l$J$$$H$3$m$K$"$k%3%^%s%I$O
$ hello.bash[Enter] hello.bash: $B%3%^%s%I$,8+$D$+$j$^$;$s!%(B

$B$7$+$7!$$=$N>l9g$b%3%^%s%I$N%Q%9(B ($BAjBP%Q%9!$@dBP%Q%9(B) $B$r;XDj$9$l$P

$B%Q%9$r;XDj$7$F%3%^%s%I$r
$ ./hello.bash[Enter] ($B@h$[$I:n$C$?(B hello.bash $B$,;D$C$F$$$l$P2?$+=PNO$5$l$k(B)

$B%3%^%s%I$N%5!<%A%Q%9$O4D6-JQ?t(B PATH $B$K@_Dj$5$l$F$$$^$9!%(B

$B4D6-JQ?t(B PATH $B$NFbMF$rI=<($9$k(B
$ echo $PATH[Enter] /usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin

$B$3$NCf$K$O%+%l%s%H%G%#%l%/%H%j$r<($9(B "." ($B%T%j%*%I(B) $B$,4^$^$l$l$F$$$^$;$s!%$=$3$G!$;n$7$K4D6-JQ?t(B PATH $B$K%+%l%s%H%G%#%l%/%H%j(B "." $B$r4^$a$F$_$^$9!%(B

$B4D6-JQ?t(B PATH $B$K(B . ($B%T%j%*%I(B) $B$rDI2C$9$k(B
$ PATH=$PATH:.[Enter]

$B$=$N8e!$4D6-JQ?t(B PATH $B$NFbMF$r3NG'$7$F$_$^$9!%(B

$B4D6-JQ?t(B PATH $B$NFbMF$r3NG'$9$k(B
$ echo $PATH[Enter] /usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:.

$B4D6-JQ?t(B PATH $B$K(B "." ($B%T%j%*%I(B) $B$,4^$^$l$F$$$k$O$:$G$9!%$3$N@_Dj$G$O!$%+%l%s%H%G%#%l%/%H%j$K$"$k(B hello.bash $B$r!$(B$B%Q%9$rL@<($;$:(B$B$K

$B$b$&0lEY(B hello.bash $B$r
$ hello.bash[Enter] ($B2?$+=PNO$5$l$k(B)

$B%3%^%s%I$N%5!<%A%Q%9$K$O%T%j%*%I$r4^$a$J$$(B

Windows $B$N!V%3%^%s%I%W%m%s%W%H!W$G$O%+%l%s%H%G%#%l%/%H%j$K$"$k%3%^%s%I$rl=j$K$"$k(B ($B<+J,$,CN$i$J$$(B) $B%3%^%s%I$rITMQ0U$K$NF,$K%+%l%s%H%G%#%l%/%H%j$rI=$9(B$BAjBP%Q%9(B$B$N(B "./" $B$rIU$1$^$9!%(B

$B#5!%(Bbash $B$N>uBV@_Dj(B

$B#5!%#1!!(Bset $B%3%^%s%I(B

set $B%3%^%s%I$rC1FH$G(B ($B%*%W%7%g%s$d0z?t$rIU$1$:$K(B) $B

$B%7%'%k$N@_Dj$N0lMw$r8+$k$K$O(B set $B%3%^%s%I$rC1FH$G
$ set[Enter] ($B%7%'%kJQ?t$J$I$N%7%'%k$N@_Dj$N0lMw$,I=<($5$l$k(B)

noclobber $B%*%W%7%g%s(B

$B%3%^%s%I$NI8=`=PNO$r%U%!%$%k$K(B$B%j%@%$%l%/%H(B$B$7$?$H$-!$%j%@%$%l%/%H@h$N%U%!%$%k$,4{$KB8:_$9$l$P!$$=$N%U%!%$%k$N0JA0$NFbMF$O>C$($F!$%j%@%$%l%/%H$7$?%G!<%?$KCV$-49$o$C$F$7$^$$$^$9!%%j%@%$%l%/%H$K$h$C$F(B$B4V0c$C$F%U%!%$%k$NFbMF$r>C$7$F$7$^$o$J$$(B$B$h$&$K$9$k$K$O!$(Bset $B%3%^%s%I$K(B -o noclobber $B$H$$$&%*%W%7%g%s$r$D$1$Fe=q$-$K$h$k%G!<%?GK2u(B)$B!%(B

$BC$B$r3+$$$F!$%7%'%k$G(B echo $B%3%^%s%I$r;H$C$F!$%U%!%$%k(B a $B$K2?$+%G!<%?$rF~$l$F$_$^$9!%(B

echo $B%3%^%s%I$r;H$C$F%U%!%$%k(B a $B$K!V$+$P$d$M$s!W$rF~$l$k(B
$ echo $B$+$P$d$M$s(B > a[Enter] $ cat a[Enter] ←cat $B%3%^%s%I$GFbMF$r3NG'$9$k(B $B$+$P$d$M$s(B ←$B85$NFbMF(B

$B$3$N%U%!%$%k(B a $B$K!$(Becho $B%3%^%s%I$GJL$N%G!<%?$rF~$l$F$_$^$9!%(B

echo $B%3%^%s%I$r;H$C$F%U%!%$%k(B a $B$K!V$?$3$d$M$s!W$rF~$l$k(B
$ echo $B$?$3$d$M$s(B > a[Enter] $ cat a[Enter] ←cat $B%3%^%s%I$GFbMF$r3NG'$9$k(B $B$?$3$d$M$s(B ←$B=q$-BX$o$C$F$7$^$C$?(B

$B%U%!%$%k(B a $B$NFbMF$O8e$+$i%j%@%$%l%/%H$7$?FbMF$KCV$-49$o$C$F$7$^$$$^$9!%$=$3$G(B set $B%3%^%s%I$K(B -o noclobber $B$rIU$1$F

set $B%3%^%s%I$K(B -o noclobber $B%*%W%7%g%s$rIU$1$F
$ set -o noclobber[Enter]

$B$=$N8e!$@h$[$I$HF1MM$K(B echo $B%3%^%s%I$NI8=`=PNO$r%j%@%$%l%/%H$7$^$9!%(B

echo $B%3%^%s%I$r;H$C$F$b$&0lEY%U%!%$%k(B a $B$K!V$$$+$d$M$s!W$rF~$l$F$_$k(B
$ echo $B$$$+$d$M$s(B > a[Enter] bash: a: $BB8:_$9$k%U%!%$%k$r>e=q$-$G$-$^$;$s(B ←$B%(%i!<%a%C%;!<%8(B $ cat a[Enter] ←cat $B%3%^%s%I$GFbMF$r3NG'$9$k(B $B$?$3$d$M$s(B ←$B=q$-BX$o$C$F$$$J$$(B

$B$3$N$h$&$K!$:#EY$O(B$B%(%i!<(B$B$K$J$C$F$7$^$$$^$9!%%U%!%$%k$NFbMF$r(B$B6/@)E*$K>e=q$-(B$B$9$k$K$O!$(B">|" $B$r;H$C$F%j%@%$%l%/%H$7$^$9!%(B

">|" $B$r;H$&$HL5M}$d$jF~$l$k$3$H$,$G$-$k(B
$ echo $B$$$+$d$M$s(B >| a[Enter] ←$B%(%i!<$K$J$i$J$$(B $ cat a[Enter] ←cat $B%3%^%s%I$GFbMF$r3NG'$9$k(B $B$$$+$d$M$s(B ←$B=q$-BX$($i$l$?(B

$B#5!%#2!!(Bunset $B%3%^%s%I(B

$B%7%'%kJQ?t$d4D6-JQ?t$r>C5n$9$k$K$O(B unset $B%3%^%s%I$r;H$$$^$9!%(B

unset $B%3%^%s%I$r;H$C$F%7%'%kJQ?t$r>C5n$9$k(B
$ unset v1 v2 v3[Enter] $ echo $v1[Enter] ($B2?$bI=<($5$l$J$$(B)

PS1 $BJQ?t$r>C5n$9$k$H!$%7%'%k$N%W%m%s%W%H$,8=$l$J$/$J$j$^$9!%(B

PS1 $BJQ?t$r>C5n$9$k(B
$ unset PS1[Enter] ←$B%W%m%s%W%H$,I=<($5$l$J$$(B

IGNOREEOF $BJQ?t$r>C5n$9$k$H!$(BCtrl-D $B$G%7%'%k$,=*N;$9$k$h$&$K$J$j$^$9!%(B

IGNOREEOF $BJQ?t$r>C5n$9$k(B
$ unset IGNOREEOF[Enter] Ctrl-D ($B%7%'%k$,=*N;$9$k$?$a%&%#%s%I%&$,JD$8$k(B)

$B#6!%(Bhistory $B5!G=(B

$B%W%m%0%i%_%s%0$J$I$r$7$F$$$k$H!$2?EY$bF1$8%3%^%s%I$rF~NO$9$k$3$H$,$h$/$"$j$^$9$,!$%3%^%s%I$,D9$+$C$?$j$9$k$H7k9=LLE]$G$9!%(Bbash $B$K$O0JA0$KF~NO$7$?%3%^%s%I$r5-O?$7$F$*$/5!G=$,$"$j$^$9$N$G!$$=$l$r;H$C$F0JA0$N%3%^%s%I$r:FMxMQ$G$-$^$9!%$3$l$r(B history ($BMzNr(B) $B5!G=$H8@$$$^$9!%(Bhistory $B5!G=$O%G%U%)%k%H$GM-8z$K$J$C$F$$$^$9$,!$L58z$K$J$C$F$$$k$H$-$O(B set $B%3%^%s%I$K(B -o history $B$H$$$&%*%W%7%g%s$rIU$1$F

history $B%3%^%s%I(B$B$K0z?t$rIU$1$:$K

history $B%3%^%s%I$G$3$l$^$G$KF~NO$7$?%3%^%s%I$N0lMw$,I=<($5$l$k!%(B
$ history[Enter] 1 PS1="$B$J$s$d$M$s(B " ($BCfN,(B) 17 history

Ctrl-P $B$d(B ↑ $B$G0JA0$KF~NO$7$?%3%^%s%I$r8F$S=P$9$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!%(B

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$ !![Enter] history ←$B:F

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$ !1[Enter] set prompt="$B$J$s$d$M$s(B " $B$J$s$d$M$s(B

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$BMzNr$r5-O?$9$k%3%^%s%I$N?t$O!$%7%'%kJQ?t(B HISTSIZE $B$K@_Dj$7$^$9!%(B

$BMzNr$r5-O?$9$k%3%^%s%I$N?t$O%7%'%kJQ?t(B HISTSIZE $B$K@_Dj$9$k(B
$B$J$s$d$M$s(B HISTSIZE=10000[Enter]

$B#7!%%3%^%s%I$NJLL>(B

alias ($B%(%$%j%"%9(B) $B%3%^%s%I$r;H$C$F!$%3%^%s%I$KJLL>$r$D$1$k$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!%0J2<$N%3%^%s%I$r

"ls -l" $B$K(B ll $B$H$$$&JLL>$rIU$1$k(B
$ alias ll='ls -l'[Enter] $ ll[Enter]

rm $B%3%^%s%I$O!$C$7$F$7$^$$$^$9!%$^$?!$>C$7$?%U%!%$%k$rI|85$9$k$3$H$b$G$-$^$;$s!%(B

rm $B%3%^%s%I$OM-L5$r8@$o$5$:$K%U%!%$%k$r>C$9(B
$ touch xxx[Enter] ←$BE,Ev$J%U%!%$%k(B xxx $B$r:n$k(B $ rm xxx[Enter] $ ←$B2?$b8@$o$:$K%U%!%$%k$r>C$7$F$7$^$&(B

rm $B%3%^%s%I$K(B -i $B$H$$$&%*%W%7%g%s$rIU$1$l$P!$%U%!%$%k$r:o=|$9$k:]$K3NG'$7$^$9!%>C$9$J$i(B y$B!$>C$5$J$$$J$i(B n $B$rF~NO$7$^$9!%(B

rm $B%3%^%s%I$K(B -i $B$rIU$1$F%U%!%$%k$r:o=|$9$k(B
$ touch xxx[Enter] ←$BE,Ev$J%U%!%$%k(B xxx $B$r:n$k(B $ rm -i xxx[Enter] rm: remove `xxx'? y ←$B0l1~J9$$$F$/$l$k(B

$B$7$+$7!$(Brm $B%3%^%s%I$r;H$&$?$S$K!$Kh2s(B -i $B%*%W%7%g%s$r;XDj$9$k$K$OLLE]$G$9$7!$K:$l$k2DG=@-$b$"$j$^$9!%$=$3$G(B alias $B5!G=$r;H$C$F!$(Brm $B%3%^%s%I$,I,$:(B -i $B%*%W%7%g%sIU$-$G

rm $B$GI,$:(B "rm -i" $B$,
$ alias rm='rm -i'[Enter]

$B$3$N8e(B rm $B%3%^%s%I$r;H$C$F%U%!%$%k$r:o=|$7$F$_$^$9!%I,$:3NG'$9$k$h$&$K$J$j$^$9!%(B

alias $B$K$h$k(B rm $B%3%^%s%I$r;H$C$F%U%!%$%k$r:o=|$9$k(B
$ touch xxx[Enter] ←$BE,Ev$J%U%!%$%k(B xxx $B$r:n$k(B $ rm xxx[Enter] rm: remove `xxx'? y ←$B$3$s$I$O(B -i $B$rIU$1$J$/$F$bJ9$$$F$/$l$k(B

alias $B$N@_Dj$r2r=|$9$k$K$O!$(Bunalias $B%3%^%s%I$r;H$$$^$9!%(B

unalias $B%3%^%s%I$G(B alias $B$N@_Dj$r2r=|$9$k(B
$ unalias ll[Enter] $ ll .*[Enter] ll: $B%3%^%s%I$,8+$D$+$j$^$;$s(B.

$B$J$*!$(Bset / unset $B%3%^%s%I$d(B let $B%3%^%s%I!$(Bhistory $B%3%^%s%I!$(Balias / unalias $B%3%^%s%I$J$I$O(B bash $B$N(B$BAH$_9~$_%3%^%s%I(B$B$H8F$P$l!$(Bbash $B<+?H$,=hM}$7$F$$$^$9!%$7$?$,$C$F(B ls $B$N$h$&$KFHN)$7$?%3%^%s%I$O$"$j$^$;$s!%(B

$B#8!%%7%'%k$N=i4|@_Dj(B

history $BJQ?t$N@_Dj$d(B alias $B$N@_Dj$J$I$O!$(Bbash $B$r=*N;$9$k$H<:$o$l$F$7$^$$$^$9!%%[!<%`%G%#%l%/%H%j$N(B .bashrc $B$H$$$&%U%!%$%k$K=q$$$?%3%^%s%I$O!$%7%'%k$N5/F0;~!$MxMQ.bashrc $B$K8m$C$?@_Dj$r9T$&$H%7%'%k$,@5>o$K;HMQ$G$-$J$/$J$k(B$B$3$H$,$"$j$^$9$N$G!$@_Dj$K$O:Y?4$NCm0U$rJ'$C$F$/$@$5$$!%(B

$B%F%-%9%H%(%G%#%?$r;H$C$F!$%[!<%`%G%#%l%/%H%j$K(B .bashrc $B$H$$$&%U%!%$%k$r:n@.$7$F$/$@$5$$!%(Bemacs $B$N>l9g$O!$

emacs $B$r;H$C$F(B bash $B$N=i4|@_Dj%U%!%$%k(B .bashrc $B$r:n@.$9$k(B
$ cd[Enter] ←$B0lC6%[!<%`%G%#%l%/%H%j$KLa$k(B $ emacs .bashrc &[Enter]

.bashrc $B$NFbMF$O!$Nc$($P$N%U%!%$%k$,$"$k>l9g$K!$>e=q$-$N2DH]$r3NG'$7$^$9!%(B

HISTSIZE=10000
IGNOREEOF=3
set -o noclobber
alias rm='rm -i'
alias cp='cp -i'
alias mv='mv -i'

$B$J$*!$$3$NFI$_9~$_$O(B bash $B$N5/F0;~$K$7$+9T$o$l$J$$$N$G!$(B.bashrc $B$N@_Dj$O?7$?$K3+$$$?Csource $B%3%^%s%I$"$k$$$O(B . ($B%T%j%*%I#18D!K$r;H$$$^$9!%(B

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