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Estonian, Finnish and Latvian Computer Scientists: Citations

Finnish Computer Scientists

Citation indices of Estonian/Latvian/Finnish computer scientists

Next follows some partial study of the influence of Estonian, Finnish and Latvian computer scientists in terms of how much they have been cited. It started off as a table for Estonians only, to which I added Latvians (since I know many Latvians personally, and wanted to get some comparative material). Later, when I moved to Finland, I also decided to add Finns.

These tables are based on two freely accessible sources, CiteSeer and Scholar. They both cite of online papers (it is not fully automatic, it's a good idea to submit your own papers to them). Google Scholar since it finds most of the papers automatically and also includes many papers that are not available on-line (at least not free). Therefore, Scholar usually (but not always) returns more citations; this is partially also because Scholar returns all citations, including the self-citations, while the CiteSeer numbers do not include self-citations. However, Google has draconian terms of service (e.g., they do not allow remining of their outputs) and thus it is not as easy to use their service. I have not used ISI: ISI only includes some papers (they ignore ACM and IEEE), and is very difficult to use. For example, as of 04.01.05, I have 102 ISI citations, or 38 ISI citations if I only take into account citations to my papers that are in ISI. If we interpolate it then there should be 102/38*102=273 citations on any papers that cite any of my papers. This is not too much off compared to Scholar/Citeseer, but still...

Disclaimer: I do not have any connections with CiteSeer or Google. All data is given on ``as is'' basis.

For final comparison, according to the CIA World Factbook, the number of population in Estonia, Finland and Latvia is 1.43, 5.17 and 2.40 millions, resp. Note that I have considered a person x to be Estonian/Finnish/Latvian, if (s)he is either born in the corresponding country, or has the corresponding nationality, or has been working in this country for a considerable period of time. (So, Grigori Mints is considered to be Estonian, Hartmanis is considered to be Latvian and Rissanen is considered to be Finnish. In particular, I have added myself to both Finnish and Estonian tables.)

See these links for detailed information about every computer scientist:

Estonian Computer Scientists - Latvian Computer Scientists - Estonian and Latvian (combined) Computer Scientists - Finnish Computer Scientists

Citeseer: Last update is from 04.08.05 (not all of the pages are yet updated). The previous update was in 02.04.05. Scholar included to the system on 01.05.05.

All following numbers on this page come from CiteSeer only (mostly because CiteSeer provides more sorting fascilities).

H-index

A researcher has h-index h if he has exactly h papers that are all cited at least h times (clearly, h-index is well defined). See here for the origin of this measure. It recommends that tenue (associate professorship) should be typically given when h is 12, and full professorship when h is 20. (This does not work here: computer scientists seem to be much less cited than physicists.) m is equal to h divided the number of years from the first paper of an author, original paper stated that m=1 for successful scientist and m=2 for outstanding scientist (employed only by top universities and labs). N_c,tot is the total number of citations, and a is defined as a=N_c,tot/h². The next is a manual collection of some Estonian researchers's h-indexes (03.09.05, I used scholar.google.com, and only looked at the top of every page; it also contains some top Finnish/Latvian researchers):

Name h 1st publ m N_c,tot a
Teuvo Kohonen 42 1971 1.24 12569 7.13
Heikki Mannila 34 1982 1.48 4771 4.13
Tuomas Sandholm 35 1991 2.50 3124 2.55
Erkki Oja* 34 1974 1.10 5049 4.37
Tommi Jaakkola* 29 1997 3.63 946 1.12
Jorma Rissanen 28 1973 0.88 4193 5.35
Arto Salomaa 25 1960 0.56 2910 4.66
Hannu Toivonen 23 1993 1.92 3620 6.84
Esko Ukkonen 22 1976 0.76 1885 3.89
Alvis Brazma 19 1986 1.00 2056 5.70
Ora Lassila 19 1987 1.06 3967 10.99
Aapo Hyvärinen 18 1996 2.00 3251 10.03
Johan Back* 17 1978 0.63 992 3.43
Andris Ambainis 16 1994 1.45 860 3.36
Antti Valmari 18 1988 1.06 1169 3.61
Ilkka Niemelä* 16 1994 1.45 1421 5.55
Jaak Vilo 14 1992 1.08 1541 7.86
Pekka Orponen 13 1983 0.59 494 2.92
Grigori Mints 12 1982 0.52 524 3.64
Kaisa Nyberg* 12 1980 0.48 693 4.81
Kalle Karu 10 1995 1.00 547 5.47
Raimund Ubar 10 1994 0.91 409 4.09
Tanel Tammet 10 1991 0.71 397 3.97
Margus Veanes 10 1993 0.83 357 3.57
Helger Lipmaa 10 1998 1.43 330 3.30
Toomas Timpka 9 1990 0.60 380 4.69
Malle Tagamets 9 1984 0.43 268 3.31
Enn Tyugu 8 1971 0.24 254 3.97
Peeter Ellervee 8 1994 0.73 220 3.44
Peeter Laud* 8 1998 1.14 172 2.69
Mihhail Matskin 7 1995 0.70 173 3.53
Tarmo Uustalu 7 1992 0.54 168 3.43
Jaan Raik 7 1998 1.00 155 3.16
Varmo Vene 7 1998 1.00 80 1.63
Ahto Buldas 6 1997 0.75 153 4.25
Ago Kuusik 6 1996 0.67 143 3.97
Mati Pentus 6 1993 0.50 129 3.58
Erich Mikk 6 1995 0.60 184 5.11

Name	h	1st publ	m	N_c,tot	a
Teuvo Kohonen	42	1971	1.24	12569	7.13
Heikki Mannila	34	1982	1.48	4771	4.13
Tuomas Sandholm	35	1991	2.50	3124	2.55
Erkki Oja*	34	1974	1.10	5049	4.37
Tommi Jaakkola*	29	1997	3.63	946	1.12
Jorma Rissanen	28	1973	0.88	4193	5.35
Arto Salomaa	25	1960	0.56	2910	4.66
Hannu Toivonen	23	1993	1.92	3620	6.84
Esko Ukkonen	22	1976	0.76	1885	3.89
Alvis Brazma	19	1986	1.00	2056	5.70
Ora Lassila	19	1987	1.06	3967	10.99
Aapo Hyvärinen	18	1996	2.00	3251	10.03
Johan Back*	17	1978	0.63	992	3.43
Andris Ambainis	16	1994	1.45	860	3.36
Antti Valmari	18	1988	1.06	1169	3.61
Ilkka Niemelä*	16	1994	1.45	1421	5.55
Jaak Vilo	14	1992	1.08	1541	7.86
Pekka Orponen	13	1983	0.59	494	2.92
Grigori Mints	12	1982	0.52	524	3.64
Kaisa Nyberg*	12	1980	0.48	693	4.81
Kalle Karu	10	1995	1.00	547	5.47
Raimund Ubar	10	1994	0.91	409	4.09
Tanel Tammet	10	1991	0.71	397	3.97
Margus Veanes	10	1993	0.83	357	3.57
Helger Lipmaa	10	1998	1.43	330	3.30
Toomas Timpka	9	1990	0.60	380	4.69
Malle Tagamets	9	1984	0.43	268	3.31
Enn Tyugu	8	1971	0.24	254	3.97
Peeter Ellervee	8	1994	0.73	220	3.44
Peeter Laud*	8	1998	1.14	172	2.69
Mihhail Matskin	7	1995	0.70	173	3.53
Tarmo Uustalu	7	1992	0.54	168	3.43
Jaan Raik	7	1998	1.00	155	3.16
Varmo Vene	7	1998	1.00	80	1.63
Ahto Buldas	6	1997	0.75	153	4.25
Ago Kuusik	6	1996	0.67	143	3.97
Mati Pentus	6	1993	0.50	129	3.58
Erich Mikk	6	1995	0.60	184	5.11

Well-cited recent papers, theses and books

97 Aapo Hyvärinen, Juha Karhunen, and Erkki Oja. Independent Component Analysis. J. Wiley, New York, 2001.
58 P. Simons. Extending and implementing the stable model semantics. Research Report 58, Helsinki University of Technology, Helsinki, Finland, 2000.
46 T. Sandholm, S. Suri, A. Gilpin, and Levine D. Cabob: A fast optimal algorithm for combinatorial auctions. In IJCAI, 2001.
29 A. Buldas, P. Laud and H. Lipmaa. Accountable Certificate Management using Undeniable Attestations. 7th ACM Conference on Computer and Communication Security, Athens, Greece, November 2000.
27 Sandholm, T. "eMediator: A Next Generation Electronic Commerce Server". International Conference on Autonomous Agents (AGENTS), Barcelona, Spain, June 3-8,2000 to appear.
27 T. Sandholm and S. Suri, Improved algorithms for optimal winner determination in combinatorial auctions and generalizations, in Proceedings of the 18th National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 2000, pp. 90--97.
26 K.Aoki and H. Lipmaa. Fast implementations of the AES candidates. Proceedings of 3rd AES conference, New York, pages 106-120, April 2000.
23 Ilkka Niemelä and Patrik Simons. Extending the smodels system with cardinality and weight constraints. In Jack Minker, editor, Logic-Based Articial Intelligence, pages 491-521. Kluwer, 2000.
21 V. Conitzer and T. Sandholm. Complexity results about Nash equilibria. Technical Report CMU-CS-02-135, School of Computer Science, Carnegie-Mellon University, May 2002.
21 H. Lipmaa, P. Rogaway, and D. Wagner. CTR-mode encryption. In First NIST Workshop on Modes of Operation, 2000.

Progress

This table is for Estonians only: the number shows how many times their total (ns)citation count has grown up from 31.12.2001. Included are only people with ≥15 (ns)citations at the current moment. The intermediate values in -> correspond to the end of year 2002, and to the end of the year 2003. (The latter is equal to the state of the citeseer databas in 01.09.03 - 30.06.04.)

Percentual change:				
        @Peeter Laud   450.0%  [  40.6% per year] (  26->  43->  53-> 111-> 137-> 143,+ 117)
      @Helger Lipmaa   430.5%  [  39.6% per year] (  59->  94-> 129-> 212-> 234-> 313,+ 254)
      @Jan Willemson   392.3%  [  37.5% per year] (  13->  25->  30->  56->  63->  64,+  51)
        @Ahto Buldas   272.7%  [  30.1% per year] (  33->  51->  59-> 114-> 121-> 123,+  90)
         @Varmo Vene   171.4%  [  22.1% per year] (  14->  18->  19->  36->  36->  38,+  24)
         @Kalle Karu   165.6%  [  21.6% per year] (  32->  45->  53->  75->  85->  85,+  53)
       @Raimund Ubar   133.3%  [  18.5% per year] (  12->  15->  20->  21->  21->  28,+  16)
      @Margus Veanes   129.8%  [  18.1% per year] (  47->  80->  88-> 106-> 107-> 108,+  61)
          @Jaak Vilo   123.9%  [  17.5% per year] (  46->  69->  80-> 101-> 101-> 103,+  57)
    @Mihhail Matskin    85.7%  [  13.2% per year] (  14->  17->  18->  23->  26->  26,+  12)
         @Kalev Kask    87.5%  [  13.4% per year] (  24->  28->  30->  44->  44->  45,+  21)
      @Tarmo Uustalu    88.1%  [  13.5% per year] (  42->  47->  50->  72->  72->  79,+  37)
    @Peeter Ellervee    81.0%  [  12.6% per year] (  21->  21->  25->  33->  35->  38,+  17)
         @Erich Mikk    51.1%  [   8.6% per year] (  45->  58->  60->  68->  68->  68,+  23)
      @Grigori Mints    45.6%  [   7.8% per year] ( 239-> 265-> 278-> 342-> 346-> 348,+ 109)
        @Mati Pentus    34.1%  [   6.0% per year] (  44->  45->  48->  57->  57->  59,+  15)
       @Tanel Tammet    32.5%  [   5.8% per year] ( 163-> 176-> 187-> 216-> 216-> 216,+  53)
          @Enn Tõugu    14.1%  [   2.7% per year] (  99-> 109-> 110-> 111-> 113-> 113,+  14)
      @George Rebane     8.3%  [   1.6% per year] (  24->  26->  26->  26->  26->  26,+   2)

Absolute growth:

+ 254 (  59->  94-> 129-> 212-> 234-> 313) 	      @Helger Lipmaa
+ 117 (  26->  43->  53-> 111-> 137-> 143) 	        @Peeter Laud
+ 109 ( 239-> 265-> 278-> 342-> 346-> 348) 	      @Grigori Mints
+  90 (  33->  51->  59-> 114-> 121-> 123) 	        @Ahto Buldas
+  61 (  47->  80->  88-> 106-> 107-> 108) 	      @Margus Veanes
+  57 (  46->  69->  80-> 101-> 101-> 103) 	          @Jaak Vilo
+  53 ( 163-> 176-> 187-> 216-> 216-> 216) 	       @Tanel Tammet
+  53 (  32->  45->  53->  75->  85->  85) 	         @Kalle Karu
+  51 (  13->  25->  30->  56->  63->  64) 	      @Jan Willemson
+  37 (  42->  47->  50->  72->  72->  79) 	      @Tarmo Uustalu
+  24 (  14->  18->  19->  36->  36->  38) 	         @Varmo Vene
+  23 (  45->  58->  60->  68->  68->  68) 	         @Erich Mikk
+  21 (  24->  28->  30->  44->  44->  45) 	         @Kalev Kask
+  17 (  21->  21->  25->  33->  35->  38) 	    @Peeter Ellervee
+  14 (  99-> 109-> 110-> 111-> 113-> 113) 	          @Enn Tõugu
+  15 (  44->  45->  48->  57->  57->  59) 	        @Mati Pentus
+  12 (  14->  17->  18->  23->  26->  26) 	    @Mihhail Matskin

To compare, some of the Finnish people (this list is definitely incomplete):

      Pekka Nikander   273.8%  [  30.2% per year] (  42->  63->  76-> 146-> 149-> 157,+ 115)
           N. Asokan   194.1%  [  24.1% per year] ( 187-> 267-> 350-> 505-> 505-> 550,+ 363)
     Tuomas Sandholm   160.5%  [  21.1% per year] ( 425-> 568-> 732->1092->1095->1107,+ 682)
      Aapo Hyvärinen   127.9%  [  17.9% per year] ( 391-> 479-> 588-> 840-> 840-> 891,+ 500)
      Jussi Rintanen   113.3%  [  16.4% per year] (  83-> 110-> 131-> 177-> 177-> 177,+  94)
        Samuel Kaski   101.4%  [  15.0% per year] ( 218-> 291-> 346-> 435-> 435-> 439,+ 221)
       Patrik Simons    92.5%  [  14.0% per year] ( 293-> 377-> 405-> 553-> 553-> 564,+ 271)
       Ilkka Niemelä    81.9%  [  12.7% per year] ( 454-> 554-> 613-> 811-> 811-> 826,+ 372)
      Hannu Toivonen    76.6%  [  12.0% per year] ( 931->1170->1300->1654->1650->1644,+ 713)
      Tommi Jaakkola    67.9%  [  10.9% per year] ( 555-> 683-> 749-> 906-> 919-> 932,+ 377)
           Erkki Oja    49.1%  [   8.3% per year] ( 995->1162->1247->1534->1479->1484,+ 489)
       Antti Valmari    38.3%  [   6.7% per year] ( 527-> 609-> 630-> 711-> 725-> 729,+ 202)
      Heikki Mannila    18.0%  [   3.4% per year] (1355->1594->1594->2382->1613->1599,+ 244)

Influencial Papers

Only Estonia. Also, Estonian Cryptographers.

Old Backups

Certainly it is interesting to know how different statistics (like citation indeces) evolve. Currently I have only produced a backup for 2001.