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% \iffalse meta-comment
%
% This is file `apacite.sty'.
%
% Copyright 1994-2005 Erik Meijer and any individual authors listed
% elsewhere in this file.  All rights reserved.
%
% This file is part of the `apacite' package.
% -------------------------------------------
%
% It may be distributed and/or modified under the
% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3
% of this license or (at your option) any later version.
% The latest version of this license is in
%   http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
% and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
% version 2003/12/01 or later.
%
% The list of all files belonging to the `apacite' package, with a
% short description, is given in the file `manifest.txt'.
%
% \fi

%% apacite.sty : citation and reference list according to APA manual
%% Written by Erik Meijer <e.meijer@eco.rug.nl>
%%
%% Contains code adapted from
%%   index.sty [1995/09/28 v4.1beta Improved index support (dmj)],
%%   hyperref.dtx [6.71, 2000/10/04],
%%   babel.def [2001/03/01, v3.7h],
%%   backref.dtx [1.20, 2002/06/09],
%% and code (used with permission) provided by others:
%%   Ross Moore, Stefan Bj\"ork.

\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[1998/06/01] % Should this be a later one?
\ProvidesPackage{apacite}[2005/06/08 APA citation]


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%% Default. The ``old'' version
%%%   \def\@year@\BCAY#1#2#3{#3}
%%% cannot exist jointly with this, so has to be moved to an option.
\def\@year@\citeauthoryear#1#2#3{#3}

\DeclareOption{BCAY}{% kept for compatibility with previous versions
   \def\@year@\BCAY#1#2#3{#3}%
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%


%%% Accent fix options %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\DeclareOption{accentfix}{%
  %
  % A cedilla accent (\c{c}) in an author name used to lead
  % to errors, only due to the checking whether subsequent authors
  % in the same citation are equivalent. The same problem is
  % anticipated with the \b{...} accent and the \d{...} accent
  % and the \copyright symbol (will the latter turn up in an
  % author name?), due to the same use of \crcr, cf. The TeXbook, p. 356.
  %
  % This fix therefore redefines these to sensible alternatives,
  % only for comparison of authors, not for any real formatting.
  % Therefore, the user should not notice this, apart from the
  % lack of errors, of course. Therefore, it is also a default
  % option. However, because I haven't tested this thoroughly, I give
  % the user the option to turn it off (noaccentfix). The user
  % is then responsible for fixing any error messages generated
  % by such characters.
  %
  \def\b@APAC#1{#1\_}%              bar-under accent
  \def\c@APAC#1{\accent'30 #1}%     cedilla accent
  \def\d@APAC#1{#1.}%               dot-under accent
  \def\copyright@APAC#1{copyright}% copyright symbol
  \def\@pre@accentfix{%
    %
    % store original definitions
    \let\old@b@APAC\b
    \let\old@c@APAC\c
    \let\old@d@APAC\d
    \let\old@copyright@APAC\copyright
    %
    % redefine them
    \let\b\b@APAC
    \let\c\c@APAC
    \let\d\d@APAC
    \let\copyright\copyright@APAC
  }%
  \def\@post@accentfix{%
    %
    % restore original definitions
    \let\b\old@b@APAC
    \let\c\old@c@APAC
    \let\d\old@d@APAC
    \let\copyright\old@copyright@APAC
  }%
}

\DeclareOption{noaccentfix}{%
  %
  % See accentfix above for description.
  %
  \let\@pre@accentfix\relax%
  \let\@post@accentfix\relax%
}
%%% End Accent fix options %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%


%%%%%% No Author Index option %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% The \if is necessary because packages can not be required here, so
% we must handle the consequences of the index and noindex options
% later.
%
\newif\if@APAC@index
\DeclareOption{noindex}{\@APAC@indexfalse}%
%
%%%%%% End No Author Index option %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%% Author Index option %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\DeclareOption{index}{\@APAC@indextrue}%
%
%%%%%% End Author Index option %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%% Modifications of Author Index %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%
%% Standard index: from the index package
\DeclareOption{stdindex}{%
  %%
  %% Index style as defined in the index package
  %% [1995/09/28 v4.1beta Improved index support (dmj)],
  %% which is the same code as in (v3.02, 15 September 1993),
  %% i.e., without table of contents entry.
  %%
  \ExecuteOptions{index}%
  \AtEndOfPackage{%
    \@ifclassloaded{article}{%
       \renewenvironment{theindex}{%
           \edef\indexname{\the\@nameuse{idxtitle@\@indextype}}%
           \if@twocolumn
               \@restonecolfalse
           \else
               \@restonecoltrue
           \fi
           \columnseprule \z@
           \columnsep 35\p@
           \twocolumn[%
               \section*{\indexname}%
               \ifx\index@prologue\@empty\else
                   \index@prologue
                   \bigskip
               \fi
           ]%
           \@mkboth{\MakeUppercase\indexname}%
                   {\MakeUppercase\indexname}%
           \thispagestyle{plain}%
           \parindent\z@
           \parskip\z@ \@plus .3\p@\relax
           \let\item\@idxitem
       }{%
           \if@restonecol
               \onecolumn
           \else
               \clearpage
           \fi
       }
    }{%
       \renewenvironment{theindex}{%
           \edef\indexname{\the\@nameuse{idxtitle@\@indextype}}%
           \if@twocolumn
               \@restonecolfalse
           \else
               \@restonecoltrue
           \fi
           \columnseprule \z@
           \columnsep 35\p@
           \twocolumn[%
               \@makeschapterhead{\indexname}%
               \ifx\index@prologue\@empty\else
                   \index@prologue
                   \bigskip
               \fi
           ]%
           \@mkboth{\MakeUppercase\indexname}%
                   {\MakeUppercase\indexname}%
           \thispagestyle{plain}%
           \parindent\z@
           \parskip\z@ \@plus .3\p@\relax
           \let\item\@idxitem
       }{%
           \if@restonecol
               \onecolumn
           \else
               \clearpage
           \fi
       }%
    }%
  }%
}%
%
\DeclareOption{tocindex}{%
  %%
  %% Index style as with the stdindex option, but with an
  %% added table of contents entry.
  %%
  \ExecuteOptions{index}%
  \AtEndOfPackage{%
    \@ifclassloaded{article}{%
       \renewenvironment{theindex}{%
           \edef\indexname{\the\@nameuse{idxtitle@\@indextype}}%
           \if@twocolumn
               \@restonecolfalse
           \else
               \@restonecoltrue
           \fi
           \columnseprule \z@
           \columnsep 35\p@
           \twocolumn[%
               \section*{\indexname}%
               \ifx\index@prologue\@empty\else
                   \index@prologue
                   \bigskip
               \fi
           ]%
           \@mkboth{\MakeUppercase\indexname}%
                   {\MakeUppercase\indexname}%
           %
           % the following line added by EM
           \addcontentsline{toc}{section}{\indexname}%
           %
           \thispagestyle{plain}%
           \parindent\z@
           \parskip\z@ \@plus .3\p@\relax
           \let\item\@idxitem
       }{%
           \if@restonecol
               \onecolumn
           \else
               \clearpage
           \fi
       }
    }{%
       \renewenvironment{theindex}{%
           \edef\indexname{\the\@nameuse{idxtitle@\@indextype}}%
           \if@twocolumn
               \@restonecolfalse
           \else
               \@restonecoltrue
           \fi
           \columnseprule \z@
           \columnsep 35\p@
           \twocolumn[%
               \@makeschapterhead{\indexname}%
               \ifx\index@prologue\@empty\else
                   \index@prologue
                   \bigskip
               \fi
           ]%
           \@mkboth{\MakeUppercase\indexname}%
                   {\MakeUppercase\indexname}%
           %
           % the following line added by EM
           \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\indexname}%
           %
           \thispagestyle{plain}%
           \parindent\z@
           \parskip\z@ \@plus .3\p@\relax
           \let\item\@idxitem
       }{%
           \if@restonecol
               \onecolumn
           \else
               \clearpage
           \fi
       }%
    }%
  }%
}
%
\DeclareOption{emindex}{%
  %%
  %% My (EM) own favorite index style. Maybe you like it too.
  %%
  \ExecuteOptions{index}%
  \AtEndOfPackage{%
    %%
    %% Redefine theindex such that automatically a chapter or section
    %% title is generated, with a corresponding table of contents
    %% entry. theindex is now in multicol environment.
    %%
    \RequirePackage{multicol}
    \renewenvironment{theindex}{%
        \edef\@indexname{\the\@nameuse{idxtitle@\@indextype}}%
        \@ifundefined{chapter}%
          {\section*{\@indexname}%
           \addcontentsline{toc}{section}{\@indexname}%
          }%
          {\chapter*{\@indexname}%
           \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\@indexname}%
          }%
        \@mkboth{{\@indexname}}{{\@indexname}}% do we need this?
        \parindent\z@
        \parskip\z@ \@plus .3\p@\relax
        \let\item\@idxitem
        \setlength{\columnsep}{2em}
        \small
        \begin{multicols}{2}
        \raggedright
      }%
      {\end{multicols}\normalsize
      }%
  }%
}%
%%%%%% End Modifications of Author Index %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%


%%%%%% Some options for the bibliography %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\newif\if@numberedbib
\DeclareOption{numberedbib}{%
  %
  % The bibliography is a section or chapter with a number (e.g.,
  % section 6 or chapter 10). I think this does not work (i.e., it is
  % still unnumbered) when the section/chapter is in the backmatter.
  %
  \@numberedbibtrue
}

\DeclareOption{unnumberedbib}{%
  %
  % The bibliography is a section or chapter without a number (i.e.,
  % a section* or chapter*). This is the default.
  %
  \@numberedbibfalse
}

\DeclareOption{sectionbib}{%
  %
  % The bibliography is a section. Typically used with the chapterbib
  % package, then each chapter has a bibliography section. The
  % nosectionbib option makes the bibliography a chapter (if chapters
  % are defined). If none of these options are requested, apacite tries
  % to guess the most logical choice. The bibliography is a section if
  % chapters are not defined or if we are in the ``mainmatter'' of a
  % document. Otherwise, it is a chapter.
  %
  \@ifundefined{@sectionbibtrue}{\newif\if@sectionbib}{}%
  %
  \@sectionbibtrue
}

\DeclareOption{nosectionbib}{%
  %
  % The bibliography is a chapter if chapters are defined
  % (otherwise, it is always a section). See the description
  % of the sectionbib option above for its usage.
  %
  \@ifundefined{@sectionbibfalse}{\newif\if@sectionbib}{}%
  %
  \@sectionbibfalse
}

\newif\if@tocbib
\DeclareOption{tocbib}{%
  %
  % The bibliography in the table of contents, even if it's
  % unnumbered. This is the default.
  %
  \@tocbibtrue
}

\DeclareOption{notocbib}{%
  %
  % The bibliography not in the table of contents if it's
  % unnumbered. (Will be ignored if it's numbered.)
  %
  \@tocbibfalse
}

\DeclareOption{bibnewpage}{%
  %
  % The bibliography is started on a new page if it's a section.
  % (Will be ignored if it's a chapter.)
  %
  \def\@bibnewpage{\bibnewpage}
}

\DeclareOption{nobibnewpage}{%
  %
  % The bibliography is started on the same page if it's a section.
  % (Will be ignored if it's a chapter.)
  %
  \let\@bibnewpage\relax
}


%%%%%% End options for the bibliography %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%% Hyperref compatibility option %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% (This does not work completely satisfactory, so
% is only a non-default option.)
%
\newif\if@hyper@APA@comp
\DeclareOption{hyper}{%
  \@hyper@APA@comptrue % hyperref compatibility option is on
}
%%%%%% End Hyperref compatibility option %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%% No Hyperref compatibility option %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% If the hyperref compatibility code is not desired.
%
\DeclareOption{nohyper}{%
  \@hyper@APA@compfalse % hyperref compatibility option is off
}
%%%%%% End No Hyperref compatibility option %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%


%%%%%% Execute default options %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\ExecuteOptions{accentfix,noindex,nohyper,unnumberedbib,tocbib,%
                nobibnewpage}

%%%%%% Execute user-requested options %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\ProcessOptions

%%%%%% Define author indexing stuff when requested
%
\newcommand{\authorindexname}{Author Index}
\if@APAC@index
   %
   % Author index requested.
   % Load \pkg{index} package.
   %
   \RequirePackage{index}[1995/09/28]
   %
   % Define Author Index.
   % This may be changed in the preamble of the
   % document (or in a user-provided package)
   % by a \renewindex command.
   %
   \newindex{autx}{adx}{and}{\authorindexname}
   %
   % Author indexing command
   %
   \def\AX#1{%
     \write\@auxout%
       {\string\@writefile{autx}{%
        \string\indexentry{\string#1}{\thepage}}}%
%        \expandafter\string\expandafter\indexentry{#1}{\thepage}}}%
   }
   %
\else
   %
   % No author index.
   %
   % Wait till \begin{document} for checking whether another
   % package is loaded that defines \printindex.
   %
   \AtBeginDocument{%
     \@ifundefined{printindex}%
       {%% \printindex not defined. Define \printindex so that it
         % suppresses the indexes.
         \def\printindex{\@ifnextchar[{\check@printindex}{%
                                       \check@printindex[]}}%
         %
         \def\check@printindex[#1]{\relax }%
       }%
       {% \printindex defined, so save its definition.
         \let\orig@printindex\printindex
         %
         % Redefine \printindex so that it suppresses the author index
         % but does not change other indexes.
         % 1. If there is no optional argument, use the original
         %    definition.
         \def\printindex{\@ifnextchar[{\check@printindex}{\orig@printindex}}%
         %
         % 2. If there is an optional argument, check whether it is
         %    equal to `autx'. If so, suppress this (author) index.
         %    If not, use the original definition.
         \def\check@printindex[#1]{%
           % Use a clumsy way to check whether #1 = autx
           % but seemingly more elegant ways somehow didn't work.
           \expandafter\def\csname APAC@#1\endcsname{DUMMY}%
           \@ifundefined{APAC@autx}%
             {\orig@printindex[#1]}%
             {\let\APAC@autx\@undefined}%
         }%
       }%
   }%
   %
   % Empty author indexing command
   %
   \def\AX#1{}
   %
\fi


%%%%%% Chapterbib compatibility %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% From the instructions of the chapterbib package.

\@ifundefined{@extra@b@citeb}{\def\@extra@b@citeb{}}{}
\gdef\@extra@binfo{}

%%%%%% End Chapterbib compatibility %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%% Commands for specific types of @misc entries.
%%% These are recognized by apacite.bst.
\newcommand{\bibmessage}{Msg}
\newcommand{\bibcomputerprogram}{Computer program}
\newcommand{\bibcomputerprogrammanual}{Computer program manual}
\newcommand{\bibcomputerprogramandmanual}{Computer program and manual}
\newcommand{\bibcomputersoftware}{Computer software}
\newcommand{\bibcomputersoftwaremanual}{Computer software manual}
\newcommand{\bibcomputersoftwareandmanual}{Computer software and manual}
\newcommand{\bibprogramminglanguage}{Programming language}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%% The following commands are recognized by apacite.bst.
%%% They denote that the publication date is unknown,
%%% and that the type should be left empty (for @techreport, where
%%% ``Tech. Rep.'' is the default type if the field is left empty).
\newcommand{\bibnodate}{n.d.{}}
\newcommand{\bibnotype}{}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% cite punctuations %
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% text style of authors in-text citation
%      (\cite,   \shortcite,   \fullcite,
%       \citeA,  \shortciteA,  \fullciteA,
%       \citeNP, \shortciteNP, \fullciteNP)
\newcommand{\BAstyle}{}%

% text style of authors in-text citation
%      (\citeauthor, \shortciteauthor, \fullciteauthor)
\newcommand{\BAastyle}{}%

\newcommand{\BBOP}{(}   % open parenthesis
\newcommand{\BBCP}{)}   % closing parenthesis
\newcommand{\BAP}{ }    % after prefix, before first citation
\newcommand{\BBAA}{\&}  % between authors in parentheses and ref. sec.
\newcommand{\BBAB}{and} % between authors in text
\newcommand{\BBAY}{, }  % between author(s) and year
\newcommand{\BBYY}{, }  % between years of multiple citations with same author
\newcommand{\BBC}{; }   % between cites
\newcommand{\BBN}{, }   % before note
\newcommand{\BBOQ}{}    % open quote for article title
\newcommand{\BBCQ}{}    % closing quote for article title
%
\newcommand{\BCBT}{,}   % comma between authors in ref. sec
                        % when no. of authors = 2
\newcommand{\BCBL}{,}   % comma before last author
\newcommand{\BAnd}{\&}  % for ``Ed. \& Trans.'' in ref. list
%
\newcommand{\BBA}{\BBAA}
%
\let\Bem\emph

\newcommand{\APACciteatitle}[1]{``#1''}%  Format as article title in text
\newcommand{\APACcitebtitle}[1]{{\em #1\/}}% Format as book title in text
\newcommand{\APACSortNoop}[1]{} % Can be used to change the sorting order:
                                % When put between a pair of braces at the
                                % front of a field, the entry is sorted on
                                % the argument of this command, but the
                                % argument is never displayed.

% Two commands that are used to trick natbib.
\newcommand{\APACyear}[1]{{#1}}%
\newcommand{\APACexlab}[1]{{#1}}%

%
% For multiple citations with same author-year.
% (Kruskal, 1964a, 1964b)
% The \protect is necessary when natbib is used.
%
\newcounter{BibCnt}
\renewcommand{\theBibCnt}{\alph{BibCnt}}
\newcommand{\BCnt}[1]{\setcounter{BibCnt}{#1}\protect\theBibCnt}
%
% In press, no date.
% The \mbox prevents a line break at the hyphen.
%
\newcommand{\BCntIP}[1]{\setcounter{BibCnt}{#1}\mbox{-\protect\theBibCnt}}
\newcommand{\BCntND}[1]{\setcounter{BibCnt}{#1}\mbox{-\protect\theBibCnt}}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Labels, mostly for reference list %
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\newcommand{\BOthers}[1]{et al.{}}    % ``others'', the argument contains a
                                      % dot to suppress an additional one
                                      % in the reference list
\newcommand{\BOthersPeriod}[1]{et al.{}}% ``others'', the argument contains a
                                      % dot to suppress an additional one
                                      % in the reference list. The difference
                                      % with \BOthers is that, if another
                                      % string is used to define \BOthers,
                                      % this one should always finish with a
                                      % period and the previous one not
                                      % necessarily (e.g., if explicit
                                      % ``others'' is used).
\newcommand{\BIP}{in press}           % used as year for in-press citations
\newcommand{\BIn}{In}                 % for ``In '' editor...
\newcommand{\BCHAP}{chap.{}}          % chapter
\newcommand{\BCHAPS}{chap.{}}         % chapters
\newcommand{\BED}{Ed.{}}              % editor
\newcommand{\BEDS}{Eds.{}}            % editors
\newcommand{\BTRANS}{Trans.{}}        % translator
\newcommand{\BTRANSS}{Trans.{}}       % translators
\newcommand{\BTRANSL}{trans.{}}       % translation, for the year field
\newcommand{\BCHAIR}{Chair}           % chair of symposium
\newcommand{\BCHAIRS}{Chairs}         % chairs
\newcommand{\BVOL}{Vol.{}}            % volume
\newcommand{\BVOLS}{Vols.{}}          % volumes
\newcommand{\BNUM}{No.{}}             % number
\newcommand{\BNUMS}{Nos.{}}           % numbers
\newcommand{\BEd}{ed.{}}              % edition
\newcommand{\BPG}{p.{}}               % page
\newcommand{\BPGS}{pp.{}}             % pages
\newcommand{\BTR}{Tech.\ Rep.{}}      % (default) technical report type name
\newcommand{\BPhD}{Doctoral dissertation}
                                      % (default) PhD thesis type name
\newcommand{\BUPhD}{Unpublished doctoral dissertation}
                                      % (default) unpublished PhD thesis
                                      % type name
\newcommand{\BMTh}{Master's thesis}   % (default) master's thesis type name
\newcommand{\BUMTh}%
    {Unpublished master's thesis}     % (default) unpublished
                                      % master's thesis type name
\newcommand{\BOWP}{Original work published}
\newcommand{\BREPR}{Reprinted from}

\def\refname{References}% Name of ref. list if it's a section.
\def\bibname{References}% Name of ref. list if it's a chapter.
%
% An optional note just before the references in the reference list.
% Defaults to nothing, but can be changed to a list of commands
% (e.g., if author formatting should be different in the reference
% list) and/or text (e.g., for an explanatory note).
%
\newcommand{\bibliographyprenote}{}

%
% Prenote used just before the references in the reference list
% when a meta-analysis is reported.
%
\newcommand{\APACmetaprenote}{%
  References marked with an asterisk indicate studies
  included in the meta-analysis.}
%
% The star that's put in front of the entries used in the meta-analysis
%
\newcommand{\APACmetastar}{$\star$\ }

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%  Load language dependent sections from an external file.
%  (Based on code by Stefan Bj\"ork, 2004/12/25.)
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\AtBeginDocument{%
    %
    % Both babel and (n)german use \iflanguage to check the main
    % language. They both also use \languagename, but that gives
    % more problems with dialects. E.g., if \languagename = austrian
    % then \iflanguage{german}{Yes}{No} gives Yes. This allows us
    % to provide only .apc files for the language class without
    % complicated code to check whether a certain dialect is used.
    %
    % Check whether \iflanguage is defined. If not, no language support
    % is offered.
    %
  \@ifundefined{iflanguage}%
    {\relax }%
    {%  %
        % Define a modification of \iflanguage that executes the "true"
        % code if the language is defined and equal to the current
        % language and does nothing otherwise. (Just \iflanguage gives
        % an error if the language is not loaded.)
        %
       \def\APAC@iflang#1#2{%
         \expandafter\ifx\csname l@#1\endcsname\relax
         \else
           \ifnum\csname l@#1\endcsname=\language
             {#2}%
           \fi
         \fi
       }%
        % Define language support file. The \def instead of a direct \input
        % is done to provide a mechanism to check whether a language file
        % has been defined. The language files that are shipped with the
        % current release are defined explicitly. If the requested language
        % is not in this list, \languagename.apc is loaded if it exists.
        %
      \APAC@iflang{dutch}{\gdef\APAC@apcfile{dutch.apc}}%
      \APAC@iflang{english}{\gdef\APAC@apcfile{english.apc}}%
      \APAC@iflang{german}{\gdef\APAC@apcfile{german.apc}}%
      \APAC@iflang{ngerman}{\gdef\APAC@apcfile{ngerman.apc}}%
      \APAC@iflang{greek}{\gdef\APAC@apcfile{greek.apc}}%
      \APAC@iflang{swedish}{\gdef\APAC@apcfile{swedish.apc}}%
        %
      \@ifundefined{APAC@apcfile}{%
        \def\APAC@apcfile{\languagename.apc}}{\relax}%
        %
        % My teTeX under Cygwin automatically loads babel with
        % default language "nohyphenation", so this language should
        % revert to doing nothing. Strangely enough \iflanguage
        % does not work correctly, so I'll use a trick. (Some trial
        % and error, because babel.dtx states that there must be
        % a '\string ' before the 'nohyphenation', but apparently in
        % this situation it's the other way around.)
        %
      \edef\APAC@tmp{nohyphenation}%
      \ifx\languagename\APAC@tmp
      \else
        \InputIfFileExists{\APAC@apcfile}{}{%
          \PackageWarningNoLine{apacite}{%
            Language definition file \APAC@apcfile\space not found.}}%
      \fi
      \let\APAC@tmp\@undefined
    }%
}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%  Bibliography style parameters.
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\bibnewpage{\clearpage}% apa.cls uses \newpage, change with \renewcommand
\let\bibliographytypesize\normalsize
%
%%% declare four parameters
\newskip{\bibleftmargin}
\newskip{\bibindent}
\newskip{\bibparsep}
\newskip{\bibitemsep}
%
%%% and give them default values
\bibleftmargin=2.5em
\bibindent=-\bibleftmargin
\bibparsep=0pt%
\bibitemsep\z@ \@plus .3\p@\relax

%
% To force another order (in Part 1, Part 2 cases)
% Actually, this is the same as \SortNoop used in the examples,
% so I do not discuss this in the documentation. It should
% not be considered part of apacite, but I keep it for backwards
% compatibility.
\newcommand{\bibphant}[1]{}

%
% Around 1998, I got error messages with accented characters
% in author names. After some trial and error, I found out that
% this works. However, later it was apparently not necessary anymore
% (tests without it worked well), but I keep it because it's harmless
% and I'm not sure enough.
%
\@ifundefined{accent@spacefactor}{\def\accent@spacefactor{}}{}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% citations %
%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\@lbibitem[#1]#2{%
    \def\BBA{\BBAA}%
    \item[\@biblabel{#1}]%
    \if@filesw{%
        \def\BBA{\string\BBA}%
        \def\protect##1{\string ##1}%
        \immediate\write\@auxout{\string\bibcite{#2}{#1}}%
        \def\BBA{\BBAA}%
    }%
    \fi%
    \ignorespaces%
}

% Year is separately handled by \Y@<citation key>
\def\bibcite#1#2{%
  \global\expandafter\def\csname b@#1\@extra@binfo\endcsname{#2}%        names
  \global\expandafter\def\csname Y@#1\@extra@binfo\endcsname{\@year@#2}% year
}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%                   COMPATIBILITY WITH NATBIB                        %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\AtBeginDocument{%
  \@ifpackageloaded{natbib}{%
      %
      % Redefine a natbib command. This may be ethically dubious, but
      % without it, natbib simply cannot handle apacite-generated .bbl
      % files. The only reason I can think of why both apacite.sty
      % and natbib would be loaded is exactly the situation when you
      % want to use natbib for the citations and apacite for the reference
      % list. In this situation you would load apacite.sty, not for the
      % citation commands, but for the punctuation commands and labels
      % defined by apacite. In this situation, the redefinition below
      % is necessary and therefore I do this here.
      %
    \def\NAT@parse@date#1#2#3#4#5#6@@{%
        \def\NAT@year{{#1}}\def\NAT@exlab{{#2}}%
    }%
  }{}%
}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%                   COMPATIBILITY WITH HYPERREF                      %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Include experimental hyperref-compatibility code provided by Ross Moore,
% if the hyper option is requested.
\if@hyper@APA@comp% hyperref compatibility option is on
  %
  % accommodate both APA and other (e.g. hyperref) patchings of \bibcite
  %
  \def\bibcite@APA@other#1#2{%
    \bibcite@other{#1}{#2}%
      \expandafter\xdef\csname Y@#1\endcsname{\@year@#2}}%
  \let\bibcite@APA\bibcite   % record the APA-only definition of \bibcite
  %
  % check via \AtBeginDocument as to whether \bibcite has been changed;
  % if so, then correct the patching when the .aux file is read.
  %
  \AtBeginDocument{%
    \ifx\bibcite\bibcite@APA\else
     \immediate\write\@auxout{\string\install@other@APA}%
    \fi }%
  %
  \def\install@other@APA{%
    \ifx\bibcite\bibcite@APA\else
     \let\bibcite@other\bibcite
     \let\bibcite\bibcite@APA@other
    \fi \let\install@other@APA\relax }%
  %
  % This command should not be needed; it allows the patch to be
  % forced at an earlier time, if desired.
  %
  \def\installhyperAPA{%
    \@ifpackageloaded{hyperref}{\install@other@APA}%
      {\AtBeginDocument{\install@other@APA}}%
  }%
\fi

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%                   COMPATIBILITY WITH BABEL                         %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%
%% COMMENTS FROM hyperref.dtx:
%%
%%    Package |babel| redefines \cmd{\bibcite} with
%%    macro \cmd{\bbl@cite@choice}. It needs to be overwritten
%%    to avoid the warning ``Label(s) may have changed.''.
%%
%% END COMMENTS
%%
%% Here, I (EM) literally insert the code mentioned above.
%% Are the \begingroup and \endgroup necessary or even useful?
%% The hyperref-compatibility patch above does a similar thing with
%% \bibcite.
%%

\let\Hy@bibcite\bibcite
\begingroup
  \@ifundefined{bbl@cite@choice}{}{%
    \g@addto@macro\bbl@cite@choice{%
      \let\bibcite\Hy@bibcite
    }%
  }%
\endgroup

%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%                   COMPATIBILITY WITH BACKREF                       %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%
%% some code from backref.dtx, adapted by EM
%%
\AtBeginDocument{%
  \@ifpackageloaded{backref}{%
    \global\let\BRorg@citeapa\@@cite      % EM
    \global\let\@@cite\BR@citeapa         % EM
  }{}%
}
\def\BR@citeapa<#1>[#2]#3{%               % EM
  \BRorg@citeapa<#1>[#2]{#3}%             % EM
  \ifBR@verbose
    \PackageInfo{backref}{back cite \string`#3\string'}% EM
      % Am I allowed to define an info message of another package?
      % It seems strange. But it's also strange to change `backref'
      % into `apacite', because backref does the backreferencing,
      % and the command is merely an adaptation of the corresponding
      % backref command.
  \fi
  \Hy@backout{#3}%
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%


% First citation in multi-citation.
\newif\if@F@cite\@F@citetrue

% Two flags to denote whether only author or year must be cited or both.
\newif\if@A@cite\@A@citefalse
\newif\if@Y@cite\@Y@citefalse


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% \cite<prefix>[postfix]{keys}
% \fullcite<prefix>[postfix]{keys}
% \shortcite<prefix>[postfix]{keys}
%       writes \citation{keys} on .aux
%       produces (prefix Authors1, Year1; Authors2, Year2; ..., postfix)
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\cite{%
    \def\BCAY##1##2##3{\BCA{##1}{##2}}% kept for compat. with prev. versions
    \def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{\BCA{##1}{##2}}%
    \def\@BBOP{\BBOP}% % open parenthesis
    \def\@BBCP{\BBCP}% % close parenthesis
    \@ifnextchar<%     % >
        {\@cite}%
        {\@cite<>}%
}

\def\fullcite{%
    \def\BCAY##1##2##3{\BCA{##1}{##1}}% kept for compat. with prev. versions
    \def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{\BCA{##1}{##1}}%
    \def\@BBOP{\BBOP}% % open parenthesis
    \def\@BBCP{\BBCP}% % close parenthesis
    \@ifnextchar<%     % >
        {\@cite}%
        {\@cite<>}%
}

\def\shortcite{%
    \def\BCAY##1##2##3{\BCA{##2}{##2}}% kept for compat. with prev. versions
    \def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{\BCA{##2}{##2}}%
    \def\@BBOP{\BBOP}% % open parenthesis
    \def\@BBCP{\BBCP}% % close parenthesis
    \@ifnextchar<%     % >
        {\@cite}%
        {\@cite<>}%
}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% \citeNP<prefix>[postfix]{keys}
% \fullciteNP<prefix>[postfix]{keys}
% \shortciteNP<prefix>[postfix]{keys}
%       writes \citation{keys} on .aux
%       produces prefix Authors1, Year1; Authors2, Year2; ..., postfix
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\citeNP{%
    \def\BCAY##1##2##3{\BCA{##1}{##2}}% kept for compat. with prev. versions
    \def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{\BCA{##1}{##2}}%
    \def\@BBOP{}% % open parenthesis
    \def\@BBCP{}% % close parenthesis
    \@ifnextchar<%% >
        {\@cite}%
        {\@cite<>}%
}

\def\fullciteNP{%
    \def\BCAY##1##2##3{\BCA{##1}{##1}}% kept for compat. with prev. versions
    \def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{\BCA{##1}{##1}}%
    \def\@BBOP{}% % open parenthesis
    \def\@BBCP{}% % close parenthesis
    \@ifnextchar<%% >
        {\@cite}%
        {\@cite<>}%
}

\def\shortciteNP{%
    \def\BCAY##1##2##3{\BCA{##2}{##2}}% kept for compat. with prev. versions
    \def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{\BCA{##2}{##2}}%
    \def\@BBOP{}% % open parenthesis
    \def\@BBCP{}% % close parenthesis
    \@ifnextchar<%% >
        {\@cite}%
        {\@cite<>}%
}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
%       second layer of \cite command
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\@cite<#1>{%
      %
      % definition of some parameters
      %
    \def\@BAP{\BAP}%   % after precitation [=#1] before first citation
    \def\@BBA{\BBAA}%  % `and' between authors
    \def\@BBAY{\BBAY}% % between author and year
    \def\@BAY{}%       % after year
    \def\@BBY{\BBYY}%  % between years of multiple citations with same author
    \def\@BBC{\BBC}%   % between cites
    \def\@BBN{\BBN}%   % after last citation before note/postcitation [=#2]
    \def\@BAstyle{\BAstyle}% text style of authors
    \@A@citetrue%       % cite authors
    \@Y@citetrue%       % cite years
    \@ifnextchar[%      % ]
        {\@@cite<#1>}%
        {\@@cite<#1>[]}%
}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% \citeA<prefix>[postfix]{keys}
% \fullciteA<prefix>[postfix]{keys}
% \shortciteA<prefix>[postfix]{keys}
%       writes \citation{keys} on .aux
%       produces prefix Authors1 (Year1), ..., AuthorN (YearN, postfix)
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\citeA{%
    \def\BCAY##1##2##3{\BCA{##1}{##2}}% kept for compat. with prev. versions
    \def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{\BCA{##1}{##2}}%
    \@ifnextchar<%          %>
        {\@citeA}%
        {\@citeA<>}%
}

\def\fullciteA{%
    \def\BCAY##1##2##3{\BCA{##1}{##1}}% kept for compat. with prev. versions
    \def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{\BCA{##1}{##1}}%
    \@ifnextchar<%          %>
        {\@citeA}%
        {\@citeA<>}%
}

\def\shortciteA{%
    \def\BCAY##1##2##3{\BCA{##2}{##2}}% kept for compat. with prev. versions
    \def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{\BCA{##2}{##2}}%
    \@ifnextchar<%          %>
        {\@citeA}%
        {\@citeA<>}%
}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
%       second layer of \citeA command
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\@citeA<#1>{%
      %
      % definition of some parameters
      %
    \def\@BBOP{}%      % open parenthesis
    \def\@BAP{\BAP}%   % after precitation [=#1] before first citation
    \def\@BBA{\BBAB}%  % `and' between authors
    \def\@BBAY{ \BBOP}%% between author and year
    \def\@BAY{\BBCP}%  % after year
    \def\@BBY{\BBYY}%  % between years of multiple citations with same author
    \def\@BBC{\BBC}%   % between cites
    \def\@BBN{\BBN}%   % after last citation before note/postcitation [=#2]
    \def\@BBCP{}%      % close parenthesis
    \def\@BAstyle{\BAstyle}% text style of authors
    \@A@citetrue%      % cite authors
    \@Y@citetrue%      % cite years
    \@ifnextchar[%     % ]
        {\@@cite<#1>}%
        {\@@cite<#1>[]}%
}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% \citeauthor<prefix>[postfix]{keys}
% \fullciteauthor<prefix>[postfix]{keys}
% \shortciteauthor<prefix>[postfix]{keys}
%       writes \citation{keys} on .aux
%       produces prefix Authors1, ..., AuthorsN, postfix
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\citeauthor{%
    \def\BCAY##1##2##3{\BCA{##1}{##2}}% kept for compat. with prev. versions
    \def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{\BCA{##1}{##2}}%
    \@ifnextchar<%    %>
        {\@citeauthor}%
        {\@citeauthor<>}%
}

\def\fullciteauthor{%
    \def\BCAY##1##2##3{\BCA{##1}{##1}}% kept for compat. with prev. versions
    \def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{\BCA{##1}{##1}}%
    \@ifnextchar<%    %>
        {\@citeauthor}%
        {\@citeauthor<>}%
}

\def\shortciteauthor{%
    \def\BCAY##1##2##3{\BCA{##2}{##2}}% kept for compat. with prev. versions
    \def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{\BCA{##2}{##2}}%
    \@ifnextchar<%    %>
        {\@citeauthor}%
        {\@citeauthor<>}%
}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
%       second layer of \citeauthor command
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\@citeauthor<#1>{%
      %
      % definition of some parameters
      %
    \def\@BBOP{}%      % open parenthesis
    \def\@BAP{\BAP}%   % after precitation [=#1] before first citation
    \def\@BBA{\BBAB}%  % `and' between authors
    \def\@BBAY{}%      % between author and year
    \def\@BAY{}%       % after year
    \def\@BBY{}%       % between years of multiple citations with same author
    \def\@BBC{\BBC}%   % between cites
    \def\@BBN{\BBN}%   % after last citation before note/postcitation [=#2]
    \def\@BBCP{}%      % close parenthesis
    \def\@BAstyle{\BAastyle}% text style of authors
    \@A@citetrue%      % cite authors
    \@Y@citefalse%     % do not cite years
    \@ifnextchar[%     % ]
        {\@@cite<#1>}%
        {\@@cite<#1>[]}%
}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% \citeyear<prefix>[postfix]{keys}
%       writes \citation{keys} on .aux
%       produces (prefix Year1, ..., YearN, postfix)
%
% \citeyearNP<prefix>[postfix]{keys}
%       writes \citation{keys} on .aux
%       produces prefix Year1, ..., YearN, postfix
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\citeyear{%
    \def\BCAY##1##2##3{\BCA{##1}{##2}}% kept for compat. with prev. versions
    \def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{\BCA{##1}{##2}}%
    \def\@BBOP{\BBOP}% % open parenthesis
    \def\@BBCP{\BBCP}% % close parenthesis
    \@ifnextchar<%     % >
        {\@citeyear}%
        {\@citeyear<>}%
}

\def\citeyearNP{%
    \def\BCAY##1##2##3{\BCA{##1}{##2}}% kept for compat. with prev. versions
    \def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{\BCA{##1}{##2}}%
    \def\@BBOP{}%   % open parenthesis
    \def\@BBCP{}%   % close parenthesis
    \@ifnextchar<%  % >
        {\@citeyear}%
        {\@citeyear<>}%
}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
%       second layer of \citeyear command
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\@citeyear<#1>{%
      %
      % definition of some parameters
      %
    \def\@BAP{\BAP}%   % after precitation [=#1] before first citation
    \def\@BBA{}%       % `and' between authors
    \def\@BBAY{}%      % between author and year
    \def\@BAY{}%       % after year
    \def\@BBY{\BBYY}%  % between years of multiple citations with same author
    \def\@BBC{\BBC}%   % between cites
    \def\@BBN{\BBN}%   % after last citation before note/postcitation [=#2]
    \def\@BAstyle{}%   % text style of authors
    \@A@citefalse%     % do not cite authors
    \@Y@citetrue%      % cite years
    \@ifnextchar[%     % ]
        {\@@cite<#1>}%
        {\@@cite<#1>[]}%
}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%
%% The core citation routines
%% The following commands must have been defined:
%%    \@BBOP        open parenthesis
%%    \@BAP         after precitation [=#1] before first citation
%%    \@BBA         `and' between authors
%%    \@BBAY        between author and year
%%    \@BAY         after year
%%    \@BBY         between years of multiple citations with same author
%%    \@BBC         between cites
%%    \@BBN         after last citation before note/postcitation [=#2]
%%    \@BBCP        close parenthesis
%%    \@BAstyle     formatting style of authors (e. g., \scshape)
%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%% Code to be executed if current author(s) equal previous
\def\@ifauthorsequalc@de{%
  \if@F@cite%
     \@F@citefalse%
  \else%
     \if@Y@cite%
        {\@BBY}%
     \fi%
  \fi%
  \if@Y@cite%
     {\csname Y@\@citeb\@extra@b@citeb\endcsname}%
  \fi%
}

%%% Code to be executed if current author(s) do not equal previous
\def\@ifauthorsunequalc@de{%
  \if@F@cite%
     \@F@citefalse%
  \else%
     \if@Y@cite%
        {\@BAY}%
     \fi%
     {\@BBC}%
  \fi%
  \edef\@cite@undefined{?}%
  \def\BBA{\@BBA}%
  \if@A@cite%
     {\csname b@\@citeb\@extra@b@citeb\endcsname}%
     \if@Y@cite%
        {\@BBAY}%
     \fi%
  \fi%
  \if@Y@cite%
     {\csname Y@\@citeb\@extra@b@citeb\endcsname}%
  \fi%
  \let\BBA\relax%
}

\def\@@cite<#1>[#2]#3{%
      %
      % write citation(s) to .aux file
      %
    \if@filesw{%
        \immediate\write\@auxout{\string\citation{#3}}%
    }%
    \fi%
      %
      % the previous cite, for multiple citations with same author
      %
    \edef\@citeP{}%
      %
      % open parenthesis and precitation
      %
    {\@BBOP}%
    \ifx\@empty#1%
    \else%
      {\ignorespaces #1\@BAP}%
    \fi%
      %
      % loop over citation entries
      %
    \@for\@citeb:=#3\do{%
          %
          % check whether citation is defined
          %
        \@ifundefined{b@\@citeb\@extra@b@citeb}%
          {\expandafter\def\csname b@\@citeb\@extra@b@citeb\endcsname{?}%
           \expandafter\def\csname Y@\@citeb\@extra@b@citeb\endcsname{?}%
           \@warning{Citation `\@citeb' on page \thepage\space undefined}%
          }%%
            % if citation is defined:
            % check whether flag is set that identifies that
            % this is not the first citation to the work
            % if flag is not set, it will be set to DUMMY
            % if this is the first citation to the work,
            % the full citation is used; else the short version
            % is used
            %
          {\@ifundefined{flag@\@citeb\@extra@b@citeb}%
             {\global\expandafter
              \def\csname flag@\@citeb\@extra@b@citeb\endcsname{DUMMY}%
              \def\BCA##1##2{{\@BAstyle ##1}}%
             }%
             {\def\BCA##1##2{{\@BAstyle ##2}}%
             }%
          }%
           % Check whether current author(s) is (are) equivalent
           % to previous. If so, only year is cited in text
           % and a \@BBY (probably comma and space) is inserted between
           % the two years.
           %
           % Code differs depending on whether hyperref-compatibility
           % option is loaded.
        \if@hyper@APA@comp
           % hyperref-compatibility option on
           % (code provided by Ross Moore)
             \expandafter\def\expandafter\B@my@dummy
                   \expandafter{\csname b@\@citeb\@extra@b@citeb\endcsname}%
             \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter
             \ifx\expandafter\@citeP\B@my@dummy\relax%
                 \@ifauthorsequalc@de
             \else%
                 \@ifauthorsunequalc@de
             \fi%
                % define previous citation-author as current
                %
             \expandafter\def\expandafter\@citeP
                \expandafter{\csname b@\@citeb\@extra@b@citeb\endcsname}%
           %
        \else%
           % else: hyperref-compatibility option off
           % (code dating from theapa.sty)
             \@pre@accentfix%  fix problems with cedilla-type accents
             \edef\B@my@dummy{\csname b@\@citeb\@extra@b@citeb\endcsname}%
             \@post@accentfix% return to old definitions
             \ifx\@citeP\B@my@dummy%
                 \@ifauthorsequalc@de
             \else%
                 \@ifauthorsunequalc@de
             \fi%
                % define previous citation-author as current
                %
             \@pre@accentfix%  fix problems with cedilla-type accents
             \edef\@citeP{\csname b@\@citeb\@extra@b@citeb\endcsname}%
             \@post@accentfix% return to old definitions
           %
        \fi
        \let\BCA\relax%
    }%%
      % end loop over citation entries
      % add note [=#2] and closing parenthesis
      %
    \ifx\@empty#2%
    \else%
      {\@BBN #2}%
    \fi%
    \if@Y@cite%
       {\@BAY}%
    \fi%
    {\@BBCP}%
      %
      % define first citation true for next \@@cite
      %
    \@F@citetrue %
}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% \nocite{key} : entry in reference list, not in text
%
% This is a little different from \@@cite with
%  \@A@citefalse and \@Y@citefalse
% because of the `*' variant (cite all entries in bibfile)
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\nocite#1{%
    \@bsphack%
    \if@filesw{%
        \immediate\write\@auxout{\string\citation{#1}}}%
    \fi%
    \@for\@citeb:=#1\do{%
        \@ifundefined{b@\@citeb\@extra@b@citeb}%
          {\edef\B@my@dummy{*}%
           \ifx\@citeb\B@my@dummy%
           \else%
             \@warning{Citation `\@citeb' on page \thepage\space undefined}%
           \fi%
          }%
          {}% Removed flag-setting: a no-cite is not a cite,
            % so a subsequent cite may be the first cite.
    }%
    \@esphack%
}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% \nocitemeta{key} : entry in reference list, not in text,
%                    for entries that are used in a meta-analysis.
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\nocitemeta#1{%
    \@bsphack%
    \if@filesw{%
        \immediate\write\@auxout{\string\citation{#1}}}%
    \fi%
      %
    \global\def\APAC@metaprenote{\APACmetaprenote}%
    \@for\@citeb:=#1\do{%
        \@ifundefined{b@\@citeb\@extra@b@citeb}%
          {\edef\B@my@dummy{*}%
           \ifx\@citeb\B@my@dummy%
           \else%
             \@warning{Citation `\@citeb' on page \thepage\space undefined}%
           \fi%
          }%
          { % Define meta-analysis flag for current item
            %
           \@ifundefined{flagmeta@\@citeb\@extra@b@citeb}%
             {\global\expandafter
              \def\csname flagmeta@\@citeb\@extra@b@citeb\endcsname{DUMMY}%
             }%
             {}%
          }%
    }%
    \@esphack%
}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% \APACinsertmetastar{key}: insert an asterisk before the names in the
%     reference list for entries that are used in a meta-analysis.
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\APACinsertmetastar#1{%
    \@bsphack%
    \@for\@citeb:=#1\do{%
       \@ifundefined{flagmeta@\@citeb\@extra@b@citeb}%
         {}% skip
         {{\APACmetastar}}%
      }%
    \@esphack%
}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% No labels in the bibliography.
%
\def\@biblabel#1{}

%
\def\st@rtbibsection{%
  \@bibnewpage%           start a new page if desired
  \if@numberedbib%
    \section{\refname}%   e.g.,   6. References
  \else%
    \section*{\refname}%  e.g.,   References
    \if@tocbib%
      \addcontentsline{toc}{section}{\refname}%
    \fi%
    \@ifundefined{chapter}
      {\@mkboth{{\refname}}{{\refname}}}% do we need this? yep. why?
      {\markright{{\refname}}}% do we need this? yep. why?
    %
  \fi%
}%
%
\def\st@rtbibchapter{%
  % here no \@bibnewpage, because it is assumed that
  % the \chapter starts a new page
  \if@numberedbib%
    \chapter{\bibname}%   e.g.,   6. References
  \else%
    \chapter*{\bibname}%   e.g.,   References
    \if@tocbib%
      \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\bibname}%
    \fi%
    \@mkboth{{\bibname}}{{\bibname}}% do we need this? yep. why?
    %
  \fi%
}%
%
%
\def\thebibliography#1{%
    %
    % Start the bibliography section or chapter
    %
  \@ifundefined{chapter}%
    {\st@rtbibsection}%
% else: chapter is defined
    {\@ifundefined{@sectionbibtrue}%     we have to guess
       {\@ifundefined{@mainmatterfalse}% check if mainmatter exists
          {\st@rtbibchapter}%
%       else: mainmatter is defined
          {\if@mainmatter%
             \st@rtbibsection% typically, a chapter-specific bibliogr.
           \else%
             \st@rtbibchapter% a bibliography at the end
           \fi%
          }%
       }%
       {% an explicit option has been chosen
        %
        \if@sectionbib%
          \st@rtbibsection% bibliography is a section
        \else%
          \st@rtbibchapter% bibliography is a chapter
        \fi%
       }%
    }%
    %
  \bibliographytypesize% e.g., to put the bibliography in \small type
  \bibliographyprenote%  some explanatory note before the references
  \@ifundefined{APAC@metaprenote}
    {}% skip
    {\APAC@metaprenote}
    %
  \list{\relax}{\labelsep=0em%
%                 \parskip\z@ \@plus .3\p@\relax
                \parsep=\bibparsep%
                \itemsep=\bibitemsep%
                \leftmargin=\bibleftmargin%
                \itemindent=\bibindent}% changed to cope with 4th ed.
   \def\newblock{\unskip\ \hskip .11em plus .33em minus .07em}%
   \sloppy\clubpenalty4000\widowpenalty4000
   \sfcode`\.=1000\relax
}
\def\endthebibliography{\endlist\normalsize}
%
% natbib redefines \thebibliography, which interferes a little
% with our purposes. Therefore, add some patches.
%
\AtBeginDocument{%
  \@ifpackageloaded{natbib}{%
     \let\@oldbibpreamble\bibpreamble
     \def\bibpreamble{% This goes wrong if \bibpreamble is redefined
                      % later on, i.e., by the user, but I haven't thought
                      % of a better hack yet.
        \@oldbibpreamble%
        \bibliographytypesize%
        \bibliographyprenote%
        \@ifundefined{APAC@metaprenote}
          {}% skip
          {\APAC@metaprenote}%
     }%
     \let\@old@endthebibliography\endthebibliography
     \def\endthebibliography{\@old@endthebibliography%
                             \normalsize}
  }%
  {}%
}%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% EOF apacite.sty
%