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SIPE-2: System for Interactive Planning and Execution
Artificial Intelligence (AI) planning techniques developed over the
past three decades at the AI Center of SRI International have now reached the point where they
can impact real problems. SIPE-2 is the most advanced of SRI's plan
generation and execution systems, and has been employed by numerous
users to solve a range of interesting problems, as described above.
It is the planner in the Cypress and CPEF systems
and is used in the Multiagent Planning Architecture.
SIPE-2 is a performance-oriented, general-purpose software system for
generating and monitoring the execution of plans. It plans hierarchically,
using different levels of abstraction, and provides a formalism for
describing actions as operators. Given an arbitrary initial situation
and a set of goals, SIPE-2 either automatically or under interactive control
combines operators to generate plans to achieve the prescribed goals in the
given world. In contrast to most AI planning research, heuristic adequacy
(efficiency) has been one of the primary goals in the design of SIPE-2, which
includes many heuristics for reducing computational complexity. Unlike
expert systems, the SIPE-2 architecture is
capable of generating a novel sequence of actions that responds precisely to
the situation at hand.
Planning requires the system to predict how the world will change as
actions are performed. However, in real-world domains, things do not
always proceed as planned and it becomes increasingly important to use
as much as possible of the old plan when new situations arise. SIPE-2
has execution-monitoring techniques that accept new information about
the world and modify the plan minimally to respond to unexpected events.
In practical applications, natural pictorial representations are
necessary for a human user to understand the domain knowledge, the
plan, the planning process, and the execution of the plan. SIPE-2
provides a powerful graphical user interface (built on
Grasper-CL).
The image at the top of this page is a pictorial
representation of a plan drawn by SIPE-2. Graphical tools can be
used for the following purposes:
SIPE-2 incorporates the
Advisable Planner. The Advisable Planner enables users to direct the
planning process in a more powerful and general manner, through the provision
of high-level guidance that influences the nature of the solutions generated.
Advice consists of task-specific properties of both the desired solution and
the problem-solving process to be used for a particular problem. Advice is
an adjunct to the domain knowledge that underlies a given planning
application.