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Functional Logic Programming
Functional logic programming aims to amalgamate
the most important declarative programming paradigms, namely
functional programming
and
logic programming.
In comparison with pure functional languages,
functional logic languages have more expressive power due to the
availability of features like function inversion, partial data structures,
existential variables, and non-deterministic search.
In comparison with pure logic languages,
functional logic languages have a more efficient operational behavior
since functions provide for more efficient evaluation strategies
(lazy evaluation, deterministic reductions) than predicates.
Early research in this area has been concentrated on the
definition and improvement of appropriate execution principles for
functional logic languages. In recent years efficient
implementations
of these execution principles
have been developed. You can look into an
older survey
and a
newer survey
of this area.