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A Generalized Algorithm for Graph-Coloring Register Allocation (Abstract)
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A Generalized Algorithm for Graph-Coloring Register Allocation

Michael D. Smith, Norman Ramsey and Glenn Holloway

Graph-coloring register allocation is an elegant and extremely popular optimization for modern machines. But as currently formulated, it does not handle two characteristics commonly found in commercial architectures. First, a single register name may appear in multiple register classes, where a class is a set of register names that are interchangeable in a particular role. Second, multiple register names may be aliases for a single hardware register. We present a generalization of graph-coloring register allocation that handles these problematic characteristics while preserving the elegance and practicality of traditional graph coloring. Our generalization adapts easily to a new target machine, requiring only the sets of names in the register classes and a map of the register aliases. It also drops easily into a well-known graph-coloring allocator, is efficient at compile time, and produces high-quality code.

Full paper

The paper is available as US Letter PostScript (942K), US Letter PDF (296K), and US Letter TeX DVI (120K, without graphs).