Sineとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

Borrowed from Latin sinus (“curve, bend; bosom”), a translation of Arabic جَيْب (jayb, “bosom”), a misidentification of the notation جيب (j-y-b), written without vowel diacritics, standing for Arabic جِيبَ (jība, “sine”), in turn from Sanskrit ज्या (jyā, “sine, chord, bowstring”) through the similar Sanskrit जीव (jīva, “sine, chord, life, existence”). Doublet of sinus.

発音

• enPR: sīn, IPA: /saɪn/
• 異形同音異義語: sign, syne
• 韻: -aɪn

名詞

sine (plural sines)

1. (trigonometry, mathematics) In a right triangle, the ratio of the length of the side opposite an angle to the length of the hypotenuse.

使用する際の注意点

In various branches of mathematics, the sine of an angle is determined in various ways, including the following:

• The y-coordinate of the point on the unit circle at the given anticlockwise angle from the positive x-axis.
• The sum of the real or complex power series
  
        ${\displaystyle \sum _{n=1}^{\infty }{{(-1)^{n-1}} \over {(2n-1)!}}x^{2n-1}=x-{1 \over 6}x^{3}+{1 \over 120}x^{5}-{1 \over 5040}x^{7}+...}$
  
  where x is in radians.

同意語

• Symbol: sin

等位語

• cosine
• cosecant
• cotangent
• secant
• tangent
• trigonometry

派生語

関連する語

参考

アナグラム

• EINs, NIEs, Nies, sein, sien, snie

代名詞

sīne

1. inflection of sīn:
   1. accusative feminine singular
   2. instrumental masculine/neuter singular
   3. nominative/accusative masculine/feminine plural

語源 1

The meaning "without" was previously expressed by sē, sēd (see sē-, sed), from Proto-Indo-European *swé (“self”), thus originally "by itself". Some still refer the si- in sine to this root; others refer it to Proto-Indo-European *só (“this”), whence si (“if”). And as sometimes nesi was also written, with -ne being nē (“not”), sine might literally mean "not this". Compare with nisi.

Yet others refer sine to Proto-Indo-European *sen(H)i (“for oneself, without”), itself possibly related to *swé or more likely a locative of *senH-. Thus cognate with Ancient Greek ᾰ̓́νευ (ắneu), ἄτερ (áter, “without”), Sanskrit सनुतर् (sanutar, “away, off”), 古期英語 sundor; compare especially Tocharian B snai and Old Irish sain (“separated, different”) (Proto-Celtic *sanis), which may reflect the original PIE adverb.

The ablative is from a PIE ablative of separation or a comitative-instrumental analogous to cum. Compare Sanskrit विना (vinā).

前置詞

sine (+ ablative)

1. without

   Sum sine rēgnō.

   I am without a kingdom.

   Mundus sine Caesaribus.

   A world without Caesars.

派生語

派生した語

• Franco-Provençal: sen
• Friulian: cence
• Italian: senza
• Old Catalan:
  • Catalan: sense, sens
• Old French: senz, sens, sans, san, saunce
  • → Middle English: saunz, sauns, sanz, sans, saunce, san, saun, sawnz, sauncz, sance
    • English: sans
    • Scots: sans (obsolete)
  • Middle French: sans
    • French: sans
    • Norman: sans (Jersey)
• Old Galician-Portuguese: sen
  • Fala: sin
  • Galician: sen
  • Portuguese: sem
• Old Spanish: sin
  • Ladino: sin
  • Spanish: sin
• Sardinian: sine

参照

• “sine”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• Pokorny, Julius (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 907

語源 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

動詞

sine

1. second-person singular present active imperative of sinō