BARRELとは 意味・読み方・使い方

別の表記

• barrell (obsolete)

語源

From 中期英語 barel, from Anglo-Norman baril, Old French baril, bareil (“barrel”), of uncertain origin. An attempt to link baril to Old French barre (“bar, bolt”) (compare Medieval Latin barra (“bar, rod”)) via assumed Vulgar Latin *barrīculum meets the phonological requirement, but fails to connect the word semantically. The alternative connection to Frankish *baril, *beril or Gothic *𐌱𐌴𐍂𐌹𐌻𐍃 (*bērils, “container for transport”), from Proto-Germanic *barilaz, *bērilaz (“barrel, jug, container”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to carry, transport”), is more plausible as it connects not only the form of the word but also the sense; equivalent to bear +‎ -le. Compare also Old High German biril (“jug, large pot”), Luxembourgish Bärel, Bierel (“jug, pot”), Old Norse berill (“barrel for liquids”), 古期英語 byrla (“barrel of a horse, trunk, body”). More at bear.

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈbæɹ(ə)l/, [ˈbæɹəɫ]
• (General American) IPA: /ˈbæɹəl/, [ˈbæɹəɫ], /ˈbɛɚəl/, /ˈbɛɹəl/, [ˈbɛɚəɫ]
• (General Australian) IPA: /ˈbæɹəɫ/
• ハイフネーション: bar‧rel
• 韻: -æɹəl

名詞

barrel (plural barrels)

1. (countable) A round (cylindrical) vessel, such as a cask, of greater length than breadth, and bulging in the middle, made of staves bound with hoops, and having flat ends (heads). The word is sometimes applied to a similar cylindrical container made of metal, usually called a drum.

   Synonym: bbl

   Coordinate term: drum

   Near-synonym: cask

   a cracker barrel

   • 2013 August 3, “Yesterday’s fuel”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8847:

     The dawn of the oil age was fairly recent. Although the stuff was used to waterproof boats in the Middle East 6,000 years ago, extracting it in earnest began only in 1859 after an oil strike in Pennsylvania. The first barrels of crude fetched $18 (around $450 at today’s prices).

   1. Such a cask of a certain size, holding one-eighth of what a tun holds. (See a diagram comparing cask sizes.)

      Synonym: bbl

      Hypernym: cask

      Coordinate terms: (in order of increasing volume) rundlet; tierce; hogshead; puncheon, tertian; pipe, butt; tun

      • 1987, Keith Dunstan, The Amber Nectar, Ringwood: Vicking O'Neil, page 81:

        Barrels came in firkins, nine gallons; kilderkins, eighteen gallons; halves, twenty-seven gallons; barrels, thirty-six gallons and hogsheads, fifty-four.

2. The quantity which constitutes a full barrel: the volume or weight this represents varies by local law and custom.
   • 1882, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, volume 4, page 205:

     Again, by 28 Hen. VIII, cap. 14, it is re-enacted that the tun of wine should contain 252 gallons, a butt of Malmsey 126 gallons, a pipe 126 gallons, a tercian or puncheon 84 gallons, a hogshead 63 gallons, a tierce 41 gallons, a barrel 31.5 gallons, a rundlet 18.5 gallons.

   • 1882, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, volume 4, page 205:

     23 Hen. VIII, cap. 4... The barrel of beer is to hold 36 gallons, the kilderkin 18 gallons the firkin 9. But the barrel, kilderkin, and firkin of ale are to contain 32, 16, and 8 gallons.

3. A solid drum, or a hollow cylinder or case

   the barrel of a windlass;  the barrel of a watch, within which the spring is coiled.

4. A metallic tube, as of a gun, from which a projectile is discharged.
   • 2010, “Beauty School”, in Chino Moreno (lyrics), Diamond Eyes, performed by Deftones:

     You're shooting stars from the barrel of your eyes

5. (automotive) A venturi (in carburetion).

   Synonyms: bbl, v, V

6. (television) A ceiling-mounted tube from which lights are suspended.
   • 2013, Gerald Millerson, Lighting for TV and Film, page 325:

     Moreover, it adds to difficulties in adjusting/servicing lamps located over high scenery, ceilings etc., where the barrel networks cannot be lowered or reached.

   • 2013, Brian Fitt, Joe Thornley, Lighting Technology, page 118:

     The barrel, which is usually from 2.0 m to 2.5 m long, and capable of lifting loads up to 120 kg, is suspended from the main housing which contains the motor gearbox unit, etc.

7. (archaic) Any tube.
8. (zoology) The hollow basal part of a feather.
9. (music) The part of a clarinet which connects the mouthpiece and upper joint, and resembles a barrel.
10. (surfing) A wave that breaks with a hollow compartment.
11. (US, specifically New England) A waste receptacle.

    Throw it into the trash barrel.

12. The ribs and belly of a horse or pony.
13. (obsolete) A jar.
    • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 1 Kings 17:12, column 2:

      And ſhe ſaid, As the Lord thy God liueth, I haue not a cake, but an handfull of meale in a barrell, and a little oyle in a cruſe: [...]

      New International Version translation: “As surely as the Lord your God lives,” she replied, “I don’t have any bread—only a handful of flour in a jar and a little olive oil in a jug. [...]

14. (biology) Any of the dark-staining regions in the somatosensory cortex of rodents, etc., where somatosensory inputs from the contralateral side of the body come in from the thalamus.
15. (baseball) A statistic derived from launch angle and exit velocity of a ball hit in play.
    • For quotations using this term, see Citations:barrel.

同意語

• (cylindrical container, or cask of a certain size): bbl (abbreviation)

Meronyms

• head (barrelhead)
• hoop
• stave (e.g., pipestave)

等位語

• (round vessel): keg, vat

派生語

動詞

barrel (third-person singular simple present barrels, present participle (US) barreling or (UK) barrelling, simple past and past participle (US) barreled or (UK) barrelled)

1. (transitive) To put or to pack in a barrel or barrels.
2. (intransitive) To move quickly or in an uncontrolled manner.

   He came barrelling around the corner and I almost hit him.

   • 2012, John Branch, “Snow Fall: The Avalanche at Tunnel Creek”, in New York Times‎:

     Snow shattered and spilled down the slope. Within seconds, the avalanche was the size of more than a thousand cars barreling down the mountain and weighed millions of pounds.

   • 2025 June 22, Andrew Roth, “What a difference a week makes: Trump falls into the Netanyahu trap”, in The Guardian‎:

     Days before Trump’s inauguration, his envoy to the Middle East, Steve Witkoff, barrelled into Israel with a demand to meet Netanyahu on Shabbat in order to strongarm him into negotiating a ceasefire deal with Hamas in Gaza.

3. (intransitive) To assume the shape of a barrel; specifically, of the image on a computer display, television, etc., to exhibit barrel distortion, where the sides bulge outwards.

   Coordinate term: pincushion

参考

• cooper