Casteとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

Borrowed from Portuguese or Spanish casta (“lineage, breed, race”), which the OED derives from Portuguese casto (“chaste”), from Latin castus (“chaste"; "chastity”), Coromines (1987) argues instead for a hypothetical Gothic form *𐌺𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍃 (*kasts, “group, collection of animals”), cognate with English cast, from Proto-Germanic *kastuz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ǵ-es-.

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) enPR: käst, IPA: /kɑːst/
• (Northern England, Scotland) IPA: /kast/
• (General American) IPA: /kæst/
• 異形同音異義語: cast; karst (non-rhotic, trap–bath split)
• 韻: -ɑːst

名詞

caste (plural castes)

1. Any of the hereditary social classes and subclasses of South Asian societies or similar found historically in other cultures.

   Hyponyms: Brahmin, Kshatriya, Shudra, Vaishya, varna

   • 2017 April 6, Samira Shackle, “On the frontline with Karachi’s ambulance drivers”, in the Guardian‎:

     Pakistan is a conservative, religious state. The Edhi Foundation is unusual in its ignoring of caste, creed, religion and sect. This strict stance has led to some criticism from religious groups.

2. A separate and fixed order or class of persons in society who chiefly associate with each other.
   • 1889, Rudyard Kipling, “The Hill of Illusion”, in Under the Deodars, Boston: The Greenock Press, published 1899, page 86:

     Ah! Can you give me all I've asked for — not now, nor a few months later, but when you begin to think of what you might have done if you had kept your own appointment and your caste here — when you begin to look upon me as a drag and a burden?

   • 1934, Agatha Christie, chapter 5, in Murder on the Orient Express, London: HarperCollins, published 2017, page 236:

     'I believe, Messieurs, in loyalty - to one's friends and one's family and one's caste.'

   • 1911, Thomas Babington Macaulay, “Bunyan, John”, in 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica‎:

     The tinkers then formed a hereditary caste.

3. (uncountable) The division of society into castes; the caste system.
   • 1930, Norman Lindsay, Redheap, Sydney, N.S.W.: Ure Smith, →OCLC, page 89:

     It was an evidence of the peculiar nature of caste in country towns[.]

4. (zoology) A class of polymorphous eusocial insects of a particular size and function within a colony.

   In beehives, most bees belong to the worker caste.

派生語

アナグラム

• Cates, Stace, cates, scate, sceat, taces

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈkas.teː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈkas.te]

副詞

castē (comparative castius, superlative castissimē)

1. purely, spotlessly, virtuously
2. piously, religiously

語源 2

Inflected form of castus.

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈkas.tɛ]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈkas.te]

形容詞

caste

1. vocative masculine singular of castus

参照

• “caste”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “caste”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “caste”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.