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Functional disconnectionとは 意味・読み方・使い方

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ウィキペディア英語版での「Functional disconnection」の意味

Functional disconnection

出典:『Wikipedia』 (2011/07/08 10:37 UTC 版)

英語による解説
ウィキペディア英語版からの引用
引用
Functional Disconnection in contradistinction to physical disconnection of the cerebral hemispheres by surgical resection, trauma or lesion, is a concept first described by Leisman. and Sroka, Solsi, and Bornstein , to describe disintegrated function in the brain in the absence of anatomical damage. Applications have included alexia without agraphia dyslexia , persistent vegetative state and minimally conscious state as well as autistic spectrum disorders . Sandra Witelson reported in 1977 that developmental dyslexia may be associated with (i) bi-hemisphere representation of spatial functions, in contrast to the unitary right hemisphere control of these functions observed in normal individuals. The bilateral neural involvement in spatial processing may interfere with the left hemisphere's processing of its own specialized functions and result in deficient linguistic, sequential cognitive processing and in overuse of the spatial, holistic cognitive mode, reflecting a functional disconnection syndrome in these individuals confirmed by Leisman in the 1980s and in the 2000s . The concept of functional disconnection developed further with Stachowiak and Poeck in 1976 .who reported on a case in 1976 of a 67-yr-old male with hemianopia resulting from a cerebrovascular accident resulting in pure alexia and a color naming deficit that he suggested was due to a functional disconnection mechanism. He noted that the underlying disconnection mechanism is improved by the facilitating effect of unblocking methods (in the tactile, somesthetic, auditory, and visual systems), so that pathways other than the one impaired by the brain lesion are used. Friston in 1998 presented a mechanistic account of how dysfunctional integration among neuronal systems arises, based on the central role played by synaptic plasticity in shaping the connections. They hypothesized that the pathophysiology of schizophrenia is expressed at the level of modulation of associative changes in synaptic efficacy; specifically the modulation of plasticity in those brain systems responsible for emotional learning and emotional memory in the post-natal period. This modulation is mediated by ascending neurotransmitter systems that: (i) have been implicated in schizophrenia; and (ii) are known to be involved in consolidating synaptic connections during learning. The pathophysiology results in a disruption of the reinforcement of adaptive behavior consistent with the disintegrative aspects of the disorder. Kim and colleagues in 2003 further described the disconnection hypothesis in schizophrenia as the result of a prefrontal-parietal lobe functional disconnection, particularly prefrontal dissociation and abnormal prefrontal-parietal interaction during working memory processing. The concept of functional disconnection developed still further when it was applied to the understanding of the nature of autistic spectrum disorder. Geschwind and Levitt in 2007 suggested a model of the symptoms of autism in which higher-order association areas of the brain that normally connect to the frontal lobe are partially disconnected during development explaining the heterogeneity of autism etiology. The autism group at Cambridge University provided evidence that the functional connectivity of medial temporal lobe structures specifically is abnormal in people with Asperger’s syndrome at least during fearful face processing. Melillo and Leisman have similarly concluded that a functional disconnection syndrome is a basis for explaining the symptoms of autistic spectrum disorder,

「Functional disconnection」の部分一致の例文検索結果

該当件数 : 9



例文

To simplify a circuit configuration to suppress processing loads accompanying detection processing of disconnection while detecting the disconnection for every a plurality of functional blocks.例文帳に追加

複数の機能ブロック毎に断線を検出するとともに、回路構成を簡単にし、断線の検知処理に伴う処理負荷を抑制すること。 - 特許庁

To provide a highly reliable organic functional element requiring no vapor deposition when forming electrodes on an organic material layer, and causing no disconnection even if it is bent, as to the organic functional element such as an organic EL element, an organic TFT element, or the like.例文帳に追加

有機EL素子や有機TFT素子等の有機機能素子において、有機材料層への電極形成において蒸着を用いる必要が無く、また、折り曲げても断線しない信頼性の高い有機機能素子及びその製造方法を提供する。 - 特許庁

A multiple functional machine 10 comprises: a main CPU 11 for controlling the operation of the multiple functional machine 10; a network I/F 21 for communicating with external devices via a network 2; and a sub CPU 12 for detecting a disconnection of the network 2 on the network I/F 21 during non-operation of the main CPU 11.例文帳に追加

複合機10は、当該複合機10の動作を制御するメインCPU11と、外部装置とネットワーク2を通じて通信を行うネットワークI/F21と、メインCPU11の非動作時に、ネットワークI/F21におけるネットワーク2の断線を検知するサブCPU12とを備える。 - 特許庁

If an extension digital multi-functional telephone set 6 is hooked off for an incoming call from a telephone line 5, a key telephone set 2 transmits radio channel disconnection information to a base unit 1 of an extension curl-cordless telephone set.例文帳に追加

電話回線5からの着信に対し内線デジタル多機能電話機6がオフフックすると、ボタン電話機2は内線カールコードレス電話機親機1に対し無線回線切断情報を送信する。 - 特許庁

Even when the main CPU 11 does not operate because of a power off state or a power saving mode of the multiple functional machine 10, the sub CPU 12 monitors the disconnection of the network 2 on the network I/F 21, thereby allowing securing of security for an unauthorized disconnection and connection on the network during non-operation of the main CPU 11.例文帳に追加

複合機10の電源オフ状態や省電力モードなどでメインCPU11が動作していないときでも、サブCPU12がネットワークI/F21におけるネットワーク2の断線を監視するので、メインCPU11の非動作時におけるネットワークの不正な切断および接続に対するセキュリティを確保することができる。 - 特許庁

To provide a non-contact IC card used as a non-contact type also as a contact/non-contact type, which is reduced in defective disconnection of a coil by suppressing deformation of the coil in a functional unit in manufacturing an IC card, is less in variation of frequency characteristics and is excellent in communication performance, and to provide its manufacturing method.例文帳に追加

ICカード製造時の機能ユニット内のコイルの変形を抑止して、コイルの断線不良を低減し、しかも周波数特性のバラツキが小さく、通信性能の優れた非接触式または非接触式・接触式兼用の非接触式ICカードおよびその製造方法を提供する。 - 特許庁

例文

The method for manufacturing an organic EL light-emitting device includes a step of forming the common electrode, after forming a disconnection-proof structure which contacts with a part of the functional layer except a substrate, the bank, and a pixel electrode and strides across the pixel region along rows or columns, by injecting the liquid material into the pixel region surrounded by the bank.例文帳に追加

バンクで囲まれた画素領域に、液状材料を吐出することにより、基板、バンク及び、画素電極上を除く機能層の一部に接しており、かつ行方向又は列方向に沿って前記画素領域を跨る断線防止構造を形成した後、共通電極を形成することを特徴とする有機EL発光装置の製造方法。 - 特許庁

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「Functional disconnection」の部分一致の例文検索結果

該当件数 : 9



例文

To provide an electromagnetic wave shield composite filter for PDP having an electromagnetic wave shield function and an optical function or the like which can prevent increase in total thickness, number of processes and cost, deterioration in productivity, and generation of residual air bubble caused by an adhesive layer when the electromagnetic wave shield filter and a functional layer are laminated, without adding planarization resin layers or the like, and which can earth easily and can prevent disconnection.例文帳に追加

電磁波遮蔽機能と光学機能等を有するPDP用電磁波遮蔽複合フィルタについて、電磁波遮蔽フィルタと機能層とを積層化時の接着剤層に起因する残留気泡発生、総厚、工程数及びコストの増加や生産性低下を、平坦化樹脂層等を追加せずに防ぎ、接地も容易で断線も防げる様にする。 - 特許庁

例文

A communication modem (modem apparatus) 11 has a functional unit for maintaining a CD (carrier detection) signal at an ON state without turning off the CD signal when carrier disconnection is generated before receiving a flag synchronizing bit again after receiving a character other than the flag synchronizing bit in a telegram of PPP communication, and for transmitting a resend request frame to an opposite station through a public line 12.例文帳に追加

通信モデム(モデム装置)11は、PPP通信の電文においてフラグ同期ビット以外のキャラクタを受信してから再度フラグ同期ビットを受信する前にキャリア断が発生した場合に、CD(キャリア検出)信号をオフにせずにオン状態に維持し、再送要求フレームを公衆回線12を介して相手局に送信する機能部を有する。 - 特許庁

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