Menshevikとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

Borrowed from Russian меньшеви́к (menʹševík), derived from меньшинство́ (menʹšinstvó, “minority”), formed in turn from Russian ме́ньше (ménʹše), the comparative of ма́лый (mályj, “little”).

発音

• IPA: /ˈmɛnʃəvɪk/
• 韻: -ɛnʃəvɪk

名詞

Menshevik (plural Mensheviks or (literary) Mensheviki)

1. (now chiefly historical) A member of the gradualist or moderate wing of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party during the years preceding the Russian Revolution, when they split with the Bolsheviks; or a member of a later independent moderate-Marxist party formed in 1917. [from 20th c.]
   • 1967 [1905 March 23 (10)], Владимир Ленин [Vladimir Lenin], “Пора кончить”, in В. И. Ленин – Полное собрание сочинений, volume 9, page 145; English translation from “Time to Call a Halt!”, in V. I. Lenin – Collected Works, volume 8, translation of original in Russian, 1977, page 36:

     For the last five or six months the representative of one district has been a ‘Menshevik’. Due to the fact that it has been out of touch with the general activity, this district has lost ground terribly.

     [original: В одном районе в последние 5—6 месяцев представителем был «меньшевик». Благодаря оторванности от общей работы этот район страшно ослаб.]

     V odnom rajone v poslednije 5—6 mesjacev predstavitelem byl «menʹševik». Blagodarja otorvannosti ot obščej raboty etot rajon strašno oslab.

   • 1985, Peter Carey, Illywhacker, Faber and Faber 2003, page 259:

     ‘Better an ultra-leftist than a Menshevik,’ said Rosa Kaletsky.

   • 2015 October 28, Ted Cruz, quotee, “Transcript: Read the Full Text of the CNBC Republican Debate in Boulder”, in TIME‎, archived from the original on 14 July 2024:

     Let me be clear. The men and women on this stage have more ideas, more experience, more common sense than every participant in the Democratic debate. That debate reflected a debate between the Bolsheviks and the Mensheviks.

参考

• Bolshevik

参照