naiveとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

Borrowed from French naïve, feminine form of naïf, from Latin nātīvus (“native, natural”). Doublet of native.

発音

• (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA: /naɪˈiv/, /nɑˈiv/, 韻: -iːv
• (Indic) IPA: /nəˈjiv/, [nɐjiːv]
• ハイフネーション: na‧ive

形容詞

naive (comparative more naive, superlative most naive)

1. Lacking worldly experience, wisdom, or judgement; unsophisticated.
   • 1949, F. A. Hayek, “The Intellectuals and Socialism”, in University of Chicago Law Review, volume 16, number 3, Chicago: University of Chicago, →DOI, page 418:

     Whether by design or driven by the force of circumstances, they have always directed their main effort toward gaining the support of this "elite," while the more conservative groups have acted, as regularly but unsuccessfully, on a more naive view of mass democracy and have usually vainly tried directly to reach and to persuade the individual voter.

   • 1965, Richard Rodgers, Oscar Hammerstein II, “Sixteen Going on Seventeen”, in The Sound of Music‎:

     I am sixteen going on seventeen, I know that I'm naive

   • 2008, BioWare, Mass Effect (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC, scene: Krogan: Genophage Codex entry:

     The salarians believed the genophage would be used as a deterrent, a position the turians viewed as naive. Once the project was complete, the turians mass produced and deployed it. The krogan homeworld, their colonies, and all occupied worlds were infected.

2. Not having been exposed to something.
   • 2011, Lila Miller, Kate Hurley, Infectious Disease Management in Animal Shelters:

     Animals entering shelters are either (a) immunologically naïve and susceptible to infection and development of disease if exposed to pathogens; (b) already immune […]

3. (of art) Produced in a simple, childlike style, deliberately rejecting sophisticated techniques.
   • 2006, Janis Mink, Joan Miró, →ISBN, page 33:

     By 1921 when Miró painted his key work, naive painting had been recognized by the avantgarde art world as a genre in its own right.

4. (computing) Intuitive; designed to follow the way ordinary people approach a problem.
   • 2007, Takao Terano, Huan Liu, Arbee L.P. Chen, Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, →ISBN:

     We have experiments of running our matching algorithm and a naive matching algorithm for such a term tree and a tree, and have compared the performance of the two algorithms.

使用する際の注意点

• Google Ngram Viewer shows naive to be historically more common than naïve but the latter has gained popularity after year 2000, reaching the popularity of the other spelling. However, since Google Ngram Viewer results for older books are derived from OCR of scans, which very often make mistakes for diacritics, this estimate is likely substantially inaccurate.
• Spellings in dictionaries:
  • naive is covered by Merriam-Webster, AHD, Collins, Macmillan, Cambridge and OED.
  • naïve is covered by Merriam-Webster (as a variant), AHD, Collins (as a variant), Macmillan (as a variant), Cambridge (as a variant), OED (as a variant), and Century 1911.
• GPO manual states that "Diacritical marks are not used with anglicized word" and mentions naive and naivete.
• Guardian and Observer style guide indicates naive, naively, and naivety with no accent.
• The diaeresis in naïve is there to indicate the vowel is pronounced in a separate syllable.
• Since naïve is a feminine adjective in French, the masculine naïf (or naif) is occasionally used in English when describing a man, but naive/naïve is most often treated as gender-neutral. Naif or naïf is also the noun form in English.

同意語

• See also Thesaurus:naive

反意語

• See also Thesaurus:naive

派生語

関連する語

名詞

naive (plural naives)

1. A naive person; a greenhorn.
   • 2010, Daphne Oz, The Dorm Room Diet:

     As a seasoned woman—of nineteen—I felt it was my place to tell each of these naïves that such plans were easier made than followed.

   • 2018, King Midas, Stupid Brokers - Stupid Clients:

     In other words, they'd buy securities from these naives for 55 and sell them similar securities for 65. In plain English, they'd pay $550 per $1,000 bond and turn right around and sell them similar stuff for $650.

参照

Further reading

• “naive”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
• “naïve, naive”, in Google Books Ngram Viewer.

アナグラム

• naevi, Nieva, avine, nævi, navie, Évian