proteranthousとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From protero- (prefix meaning ‘earliest, first’) +‎ -anthous (suffix specifying appearance or behavior of a plant's flowers).

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˌpɹəʊtəɹˈænθəs/
• (General American) IPA: /ˌproʊtəɹˈænθəs/, /-ɾəɹ-/
• 韻: -ænθəs
• ハイフネーション: pro‧ter‧anth‧ous

形容詞

proteranthous (not comparable) (botany, rare)

1. Of a plant: having flowers that appear earlier than the leaves.

   Coordinate terms: hysteranthous, synanthous

   • [1879, Asa Gray, Gray’s Botanical Text-book. Vol. I. Structural Botany or Organography on the Basis of Morphology. […], 6th edition, New York, N.Y., Cincinnati, Oh.: American Book Company from the press of Ivison, Blakeman & Company, →OCLC, page 428, column 2:

     Proteranthous (-us). Where flowering precedes leafing.]

   • 1898, Roscoe Pound, Fredreric E[dward] Clements, “The Vegetation Forms of the Flora”, in The Phytogeography of Nebraska. 1. General Survey, 2nd edition, Lincoln, Neb.: […] [T]he [Botanical] Seminar [Botanical Survey of Nebraska, University of Nebraska], published 1900, →OCLC, page 143:

     The prevernal period begins with the first blooming after the period of rest, and lasts until the foliation of the proteranthous trees, altogether hardly more than two weeks.

   • 1957, Richard E[ric] Holttum, H. B. Gilliland, A Revised Flora of Malaya: An Illustrated Systematic Account of the Malayan Flora, Including Commonly Cultivated Plants, 2nd edition, volume 1 (Orchids of Malaya), Singapore: Government Printing Office, →OCLC:

     The heteranthous inflorescence is a development from the proteranthous condition in which the growth of the pseudobulb and leaves is deferred until after the flowering […]

2. Of a plant: having leaves that appear earlier than the flowers.
   • [1836, Asa Gray, “Glossology”, in Elements of Botany, New York, N.Y.: G. & C. Carvill & Co., →OCLC, page 380:

     Proteranthous; when leaves appear before the flowers.]

   • 2012 July 16, Rina Kamenetsky, “Biodiversity of Geophytes: Phytogeography, Morphology, and Survival Strategies”, in Rina Kamenetsky, Hiroshi Okubo, editors, Ornamental Geophytes: From Basic Science to Sustainable Production, Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press, →ISBN, page 59:

     In hysteranthous plants, the photosynthesis rate is very low from flower emergence until anthesis. […] In contrast, in proteranthous growth the foliage dies down before the flower is produced and photosynthesis takes place before flowering […].

使用する際の注意点

In Elements of Botany (1836), the American botanist Asa Gray (1810–1888) defined the word as “leaves appearing earlier than the flowers” (sense 2), but subsequently in Gray’s Botanical Text-book. Vol. I. (6th edition, 1879) it was defined as “flowers appearing earlier than the leaves” (sense 1): see the quotations above.

関連する語

• proteranthy

参照

Further reading

• glossary of botanical terms on Wikipedia.Wikipedia