squalusとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

If pronounced as squalus

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈskʷa.ɫʊs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈskʷaː.lus]

If pronounced as squālus

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈskʷaː.ɫʊs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈskʷaː.lus]

名詞

squalus m (genitive squalī); second declension

1. a kind of large sea fish, thought to be a shark
   • 23 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Historia Naturalis 9.42:

     planorum piscium alterum est genus, quod pro spina cartilaginem habet, ut raiae, pastinacae, squatinae, torpedo et quos bovis, lamiae, aquilae, ranae nominibus graeci appellant. quo in numero sunt squali quoque, quamvis non plani. haec graece in universum σελάχη appellavit aristoteles primus hoc nomine iis inposito. nos distinguere non possumus, nisi si cartilaginea appellare libeat. omnia autem carnivora sunt talia et supina vescuntur, ut in delphinis diximus, et cum ceteri pisces ova pariant, hoc genus solum, ut ea quae cete appellant, animal parit, excepta quam ranam vocant.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

使用する際の注意点

• According to De Vaan, the length of the vowel ⟨a⟩ is unknown as the word only occurs in prose.
• According to the archaeozoologist Andrea Guaspari, squalus most likely referred to a galeomorph or a squalomorph.

語形変化

Second-declension noun.

別の表記

• squatus

派生した語

語源 2

Possibly related to squāma (“scale”), of unknown origin. In the sense of dirty, unkempt, this word has traditionally been associated with the cognates listed at cālīgō (“darkness, mist”), although these associations are tenuous.

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈskʷaː.ɫʊs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈskʷaː.lus]

形容詞

squālus

1. unkempt, dirty

語形変化

First/second-declension adjective.

派生語

• squālor
• squāleō
• squālidus

参照

• “squalus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “squalus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “squalus”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• De Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 584
• Andrea Guasparri (2022), “The Roman classification and nomenclature of aquatic animals: an annotated checklist (with a focus on ethnobiology)”, in Anthropozoologica‎, volume 57, number 2, →DOI, pages 19–100
• Pokorny, Julius (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 634