starostaとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Russian ста́роста (stárosta) and Polish starosta, both ultimately from Proto-Slavic *starosta, from *starostь (“old age”) +‎ *-a (suffix forming agent nouns).

発音

• enPR: stăʹrŏstə, stərŏsʹtə, IPA: /ˈstaɹɒstə/, /stəˈɹɒstə/

名詞

starosta (plural starostas or starosty or starosti)

1. In Russia, the head man of a village community.
   • 1591, Giles Fletcher, “Of the gouernment of their Prouinces and Shires.” (chapter 10), in Of the Ruſſe Common Wealth. Or, Maner of Gouernement by the Ruſſe Emperour, (commonly called the Emperour of Moskouia) with the manners, and faſhions of the people of that Countrey., London: Thomas Charde, fol. 33𐞩, lines 7–23:

     Beſides theſe two Gentlemen, and Secretaries that order the whole Citie, there are Staruſts or Aldermen for euerie ſeuerall companie. The Alderman hath his Sotskey or Conſtable, and the Conſtable hath certeine Decetskeis or Decurions vnder him, which haue the ouerſight of ten houſholds a peece, whereby euerie diſorder is ſooner ſpide, and the common ſeruice hath the quicker diſpach. The whole number of Citizens poore and rich are reduced into companies. The chiefe officers (as the Dyacks and Gentlemen) are appointed by the Emperour himſelfe, the Staruſt by the Gentlemen and Dyacks, the Sotskoy by the Staruſt or Alderman, and the Decetskotes by the Conſtables.

   • 1796, Morse, Amer. Geog., volume II, page 84:

     One family, whose chief…performs the functions of staroste, or magistrate of the village.

   • 1799, W. Tooke, View Russ. Emp., volume I, page 460:

     Their elders, whom they still…style Starosts.

   • 1810, E. D. Clarke, Trav. Russia, published 1839, page 37/1:

     Any person arriving in a town or village, must produce his [passport] to the starosta.

   • 1833, R. Pinkerton, Russia, page 281:

     They…are governed by their own elders or starosti.

   • 1901 April 5th, Scotsman, page 7/2:

     At Nijni Novgorod…the starosta, or chief of the village artel, comes to buy the supply of material.

2. In the former kingdom of Poland, a noble holding a castle and domain bestowed by the Crown.
   • 1670, Lond. Gaz., № 504/1:

     Major-General Bokumbs…has been lately killed by a Peasant, who was hired to commit the murther by a Staroste.

   • 1827, Bowring, Specim. Polish Poets, page 137:

     His father was the starost of Korytnik.

   • 1896, Cosmopolitan, volume XX, page 445:

     She assures us that she and her sisters have the bearing ‘becoming young ladies of high station, and daughters of a Staroste’.

同意語

• alderman

関連する語

Further reading

• starosta on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• James A. H. Murray et al., editors (1884–1928), “‖ Starosta”, in A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles (Oxford English Dictionary), volume IX, Part 1 (Si–St), London: Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 839, column 1.