barchanとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

Unadapted borrowing from Russian барха́н (barxán), from a Turkic language such as Kazakh барқан (barqan); further etymology unknown. The Russian word was first used in scientific literature in 1881 by the Russian zoologist and explorer Alexander von Middendorf (1815–1894).

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈbɑːk(ə)n/, /bɑːˈkɑːn/
• (General American) IPA: /ˈbɑɹˌkɑn/, /bɑɹˈkɑn/
• 韻: (one RP) -ɑːkən, -ɑːn
• ハイフネーション: bar‧chan

名詞

barchan (plural barchans)

1. (geology, also attributive) An arc-shaped shifting sand dune comprising well-sorted (uniformly sized) sand.
   • 1966, E[dwin] S[herbon] Hills, C[liff] D. Ollier, C[harles] R[owland] Twidale, “Geomorphology”, in E. S. Hills, editor, Arid Lands: A Geographical Appraisal (Routledge Revivals), New York, N.Y.: Routledge, published 2024, →ISBN, page 72:

     The sand is usually very well sorted in barchans, for it is constantly re-worked as the dune 'marches'. The marching also causes cross-bedding inside the barchan, with a dip parallel to the sand-fall face.

   • 1988, Robert Irwin, chapter 8, in The Mysteries of Algiers, London: Viking, →ISBN, page 69:

     But to follow the dunes around the foot of their slopes is also tedious and one can walk for half a kilometre east or west, finding one barchan linked to another and no easy way through, and the unverifiable suspicion grows that one has been driven by insensible curves actually southwards.

   • 2006, Thomas Pynchon, “Against the Day”, in Against the Day, New York, N.Y.: Penguin Press, →ISBN, page 752:

     The structure out here was revealed immediately—desert punctuated by oases in a geography of cruelty, barkhans or traveling sand-dunes a hundred feet high, which might or might not possess consciousness, […]

   • 2008, Julie Laity, “Aeolian Processes”, in Deserts and Desert Environments, Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, →ISBN, page 205, column 2:

     Barchans and transverse dunes are essentially of the same type, forming and migrating under a unidirectional wind regime. The difference between the two is related to the amount of sand: barchans are isolated mounds, whereas transverse dunes are composed of many barchans coalesced into a single, longer dune form […].

   • 2010, Robert S[tewart] Anderson, Suzanne P[restrud] Anderson, “Eolian Forms and Deposits”, in Geomorphology: The Mechanics and Chemistry of Landscapes, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire; New York, N.Y.: Cambridge University Press, published 2011, →ISBN, page 482, column 1:

     Perhaps the most distinctive is the barchan dune, an isolated crescentic form with arms that stretch downwind. Barchans are not huge, often with heights of only a few meters.

別の表記

• barchane, barkan, barkhan

派生語

• barchanoid
• megabarchan

参照

Further reading

• barchan on Wikipedia.Wikipedia