chernozemとは 意味・読み方・使い方

別の表記

• chernosem, tschernosem, tchernozem, tchornozem
• chornozem (from Ukrainian)

語源

Borrowed from Russian чернозём (černozjóm, “black soil”). The letter ё (jo) is usually written as е (je) in Russian, more accurately transliterated as "chernozyom"; compare чернозе́мье (černozémʹje), where ё (jo) is changed to е (je).

発音

• IPA: /ˈt͡ʃɜː(ɹ)nəˌzɛm/

名詞

chernozem (countable and uncountable, plural chernozems)

1. (soil science) A fertile black soil containing a very high percentage of humus (3% to 15%) and high percentages of phosphoric acids, phosphorus and ammonia.

   Synonym: black earth

   • 1863, Justus Freiherr von Liebig, The Natural Laws of Husbandry:

     The experiments made by the beet-root growers of the extensive tract of land in Russia, known as the Tschernosem or 'Black soil', whose fertility for corn plants is proverbial, show that this earth, though analytically proved to contain upon the whole, to the depth of twenty inches, 700 to 1000 times the quantity of potash required for a full beet-root crop, is, after three or four years' cultivation, so exhausted, that without manuring it will no longer yield a remunerative crop of beetroot.

派生語

参考

• brunizem
• dark earth
• greyzem
• kastanozem
• phaeozem
• rubrozem
• sierozem
• terra preta