lavishとは 意味・読み方・使い方

別の表記

• lavis, laves, lavas (obsolete)

語源

From 中期英語 laves, lavas, lavage (“extravagant, wasteful, prodigal”), from lavas (“excessive abundance”), from Old French lavasse, lavache (“torrent of rain”); possibly later conflated in some senses by 中期英語 laven (“to pour out”), equivalent to lave +‎ -ish. Compare Scots lawage, lavisch, lavish (“unrestrained, excessively prodigal, extravagant”). Compare also English lavy (“lavish, liberal”), Dutch lafenis (“lavishness”).

発音

• IPA: /ˈlævɪʃ/
• 韻: -ævɪʃ

形容詞

lavish (comparative lavisher or more lavish, superlative lavishest or most lavish)

1. Expending or bestowing profusely; profuse; prodigal.

   Synonyms: profuse, wasteful, extravagant, exuberant, immoderate, opulent; see also Thesaurus:prodigal

   lavish of money;   lavish of praise

   • 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter VIII, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

     The day was cool and snappy for August, and the Rise all green with a lavish nature. Now we plunged into a deep shade with the boughs lacing each other overhead, and crossed dainty, rustic bridges over the cold trout-streams, the boards giving back the clatter of our horses' feet: […] .

   • 1977, Agatha Christie, chapter 4, in An Autobiography, part II, London: Collins, →ISBN:

     Mind you, clothes were clothes in those days. There was a great deal of them, lavish both in material and in workmanship.

2. Superabundant; excessive.

   Synonyms: immoderate, unrestrained; see also Thesaurus:excessive

   lavish spirits

   lavish meal

   • c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Measure for Measure”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ii]:

     Let her haue needfull, but not lauish meanes

   • 1953 February, H. A. Vallance, “To Brighton through the Shoreham Gap”, in Railway Magazine, page 81:

     The accommodation for passengers was designed on a rather lavish scale, as it was expected that extensive housing development would take place in the vicinity. These hopes were not realised, however, and, apart from the school buildings, the surroundings of the station have never lost their rusticity.

   • 2024 August 14, Bryn Haworth, “Artificial Ignorance: broligarchs and their brains should read Gulliver”, in Al Majalla‎, archived from the original on 11 September 2024:

     Max Chafkin, Thiel's biographer, describes Vance as his "extension", while Cadwalladr describes Vance, somewhat impolitely, as "Thiel's creature… a man Thiel moulded in his own image through lavish investments in his business and political careers".

3. (obsolete) Unrestrained, impetuous.

   Synonyms: hasty, impulsive, rash, spontaneous

   • c. 1587–1588 (date written), [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire; London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act III, scene iii:

     Thou wilt repent theſe lauiſh words of thine

4. (chiefly dialectal) Rank or lush with vegetation.

   Synonyms: bosky, verdant; see also Thesaurus:verdant

   • 1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], “Canto XXIII”, in In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, page 39:

     […] Thro’ lands where not a leaf was dumb;
     ⁠But all the lavish hills would hum
     The murmur of a happy Pan: […]

関連する語

• lavy

動詞

lavish (third-person singular simple present lavishes, present participle lavishing, simple past and past participle lavished)

1. (transitive) To give out extremely generously; to squander.

   They lavished money on the dinner.

2. (transitive) To give out to (somebody) extremely generously.

   They lavished him with praise.

名詞

lavish (uncountable)

1. (obsolete) Excessive abundance or expenditure, profusion, prodigality.

派生語

アナグラム

• Vishal