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THE 100 YEAR WEB
Steven Pemberton
Transcript of keynote at Balisage 2018.
Slides at https://homepages.cwi.nl/~steven/Talks/2018/07-31-balisage/
Video at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jl4fnY4BjEY

So I was going to tell you something
about myself but it sounds like you've
heard most of it. But the one
thing I would like to mention is that my
tutor at university was Dick Grimsdale,
who I don't think gets enough attention
in this world, because he built
the world's first transistorized
computer and he was himself a tutee of
Alan Turing.
Which makes me a grand-tutee of Alan Turing. [laughter]

And quite coincidentally I went on to
work at Turing's old department in
Manchester and I worked on the software
for the computer number 5 in the series
that Turing himself worked on. He didn't
work on number one, he worked on number two 
and I think before his death he got to work on number three.

I was also the fifth person on the internet in Europe 
and that's because the guy in the office
next to me set up the internet in Europe and
he knocked on my door and said "The Internet's up" [laughter]
So I logged in to a computer in New York and said
"oh yeah it's working, great, thanks!" and that was the
moment thirty years ago in November
that the internet started running in Europe.

This is a typical project meeting, that's Guido van Rossum in the middle.
He's the man who's responsible for Python.
That's me on the edge if you don't recognize me.
That's me talking to Tim Berners-Lee.

So let me start with with an event in 1379
New College Oxford, it's called New College
because it was only built in the 1300's.

You may have heard this story before,
it comes from the great Stuart Brand
it's from his book "How Buildings Learn".
And so New College was built in that year and
this picture is from the Victorian times.

Sometime around that time 
they decided to check those oak beams
at the top of the dining hall there
and they discovered that they were rotting and
they needed new oak beams to replace those.
Now the problem is finding oak beams is difficult.
So they thought "What should we do?"
and they said "Well the university's got a forester,
let's go to him first".
So they went to the Forester and they said
"We need some oak beams" and so he said
"Which college are you from?" and when they said 
"New College" he said "Well I've got your trees."
And they said "What do you mean 'our' trees?"
"Well, when they built the college
they planted new trees ready for when you would need them 
in a few hundred years' time" [laughter]

That's the sort of thinking that we don't really see much nowadays.
[laughter, applause]

So what I'm hoping to do is just plant one of those seeds
in our collective minds about the hundred year web.

So here we are in 2018.
It's actually 60 years actually 61 years since
what I consider the start of public computing,
when the first municipality in the world
installed a computer.

It's 50 years this year since the introduction
of the programming language Algol 68.
You may never have used it,
you may not even have heard of it 
but if you use the word 'dereference' 
then Algol 68 has touched your life. [laughter]
And in fact I think Algol 68 has had much more
effect than you realize: I can trace a
direct line from Algol 68 to Python and
show that how Python's developed and
this is partly as a result of Algol 68.

It's 30 years, as I just said, since the
introduction of the open internet in Europe
and so therefore the internet became truly international
and this year of course is 20 years of XML,
since the spec got published.

So 2018 is an interesting year in lots of ways.
And it's also interesting for me to think
that we consider the internet still as something new,
I would claim
but it's 30 years old 
but when the internet was first switched on
computing was only 30 years old.
So it's surprising actually how new everything really is.

So XML: I'm here to praise XML, not to bury it [laughter]
and that's actually part of my purpose here
I am here to bury something else as you will shortly see.
XML is great stuff
and the good thing about it is that it
shows none of the second-system effect.
It was actually a reduction of something before,
picking out the good stuff.
Admittedly there are some small mistakes
but basically good solid design 
and as I say I'm not going to complain about it.
It's given us a good document model
it's given us an excellent tool chain and
it's given us modularization.

Let me just show you something: this is in 2002.
So I was responsible - that is I chaired -
the XHTML working group and in 2002 
we were already demonstrating XHTML2 + SVG + MathML
together in one document in the browser.
This was long before HTML5
which seems to think that they are the people
who actually brought these things
together in the browser;
that's absolutely not true 
and this is thanks to XML that allows you
to combine stuff together in one document 
in a useful way; it produced the modularization
that we needed.

A lot of people at that time were complaining
about XHTML that it was adding
so little new stuff, so few new elements
in XHTML and that was because
we didn't need to because other people
were doing that,
they were producing other namespaces
that you could include in XHTML
and you could get fantastic documents.
We didn't have to do any work 
we let the experts do the stuff on graphics
and the experts do the stuff on maths.
So now, we've got a new web since then.

We've got HTML5, it's changed the web.
Some parts of it are good although I ...
wouldn't be able to tell which parts at the moment. [laughter]
I'm sure that if I think hard enough I will find something.
But mostly it is based on a lack of proper design
and a lack of understanding of the design principles
and how to design notation. [clapping]
Just you wait! [laughter]
I don't believe that HTML is leading the web to its full potential.

The central element of HTML that made it so successful
I will claim, is "declarative"
and we're going to hear this word
several times this week.
'Declarative' is where you say what you want
rather than saying how you want to get it.
Now at school we actually learn
what numbers are, and how to add them,
and how to subtract them and how to
multiply and divide them 
but when we get to square roots
we're told the square root of a number n is
the number such that when you multiply
it by itself it gives you the original number again.
Nobody at school learns how to
calculate a square root except to press
that button on the calculator 
but everybody knows what a square root is.
So this this definition, it tells you, it allows you to
recognize a square root, but it doesn't
tell you how to calculate it.

Now if I show you the code to calculate square root
if I hadn't told you that this was square root
probably most of you wouldn't have been able 
to tell me that
this was the code for square root 
because it's actually complicated code.
I actually know the theory behind this 
and I find it very hard to pluck the theory out of this
to see how this matches the theory
because actually it's been optimized a bit
and lots of bits have been taken away
so that the theory part has vanished.
So what does it do? Under what conditions does it do it?
How does it do it? What's the theory?
Is it correct? Can I prove it?
Can I change anything here? What do the different things mean?
It's hard code and this is why procedural code is so hard
because it doesn't match up with the definition 
you have to translate the problem into the solution
and there's no link between the two.

So the great thing about declarative is that
* it's much shorter 
* it's easier to understand
* it's independent of the implementation
* it's less likely to contain errors 
* it's easier to see it's correct,
* and it's tractable.

So here is an example of how you would define numbers
just the concept of numbers.
So a number is an optional sign 
followed by one or more digits
and an optional sign is an optional minus sign and
a digit is those things and 
a number just has it's normal everyday meeting
Now this is short, it's easy to read and interpret,
it uses a standard, widely-used notation and
it's tractable: you can actually feed
this into a program which will
automatically generate a parser for it.

Now let's look at HTML5.
This exact same problem is completely described in text
and if you read it, it's actually a computer program.
It says "let input be the string being parsed"
"let position be a pointer into the input,
initially pointing to the start of the string"
and so on. It's actually just a computer program
turned into English
and the weird thing is that if you see a plus character
well they'll accept it anyway:
"the plus is ignored but it's not conforming"
so weirdly it's both conforming
and non-conforming simultaneously.

So the HTML5 definition of signed numbers 
is 16 times longer and has internal inconsistencies
and it will not surprise you to know
that the HTML spec is very large. [Sounds of disbelief]
I mean you know I'm not going to print out myself.
Somebody else had done it, took this photograph 
this is 2009, it's probably larger now but this is good enough.

So I would say the HTML5 is almost but not quite
entirely not about markup.
You can tell by reading the spec and 
just the looking at that little bit I just showed you
that it was written by programmers
and that's because when your only tool is a hammer
all your problems look like nails.
And yet the weird thing is, they're programmers
and they forgot about how to use libraries.
The HTML5 spec is just one huge monolithic program.

Now, declarative is not only about specifications
it's also about markup itself
HTML used to be about being declarative
I think the poster child is the <a> element
which encapsulates enormous amount of behavior
in a very small space.
It tells you what the link looks like, 
what to do when you hover over it
how to activate the link in several different ways
what what you should do with the result
it gives you hooks for presentation changing
and actually doing this with programming would be an
awful lot of work.
It's just a single line that would be many 
tens of lines of code if you wanted to do this programmatically.

CSS is another example of a successful declarative approach.
Netscape at the time that CSS was started at W3C
Netscape declined to join the group because
they said they had a better solution
JSSS, where the J stands for JavaScript
and so that instead of writing a line like that
giving this font size
you would just use a line of JavaScript
"document.tags.H1.fontSize = 20pt"
Wikipedia says about JSSS:
"it lacks the various selector features of CSS
supporting only simple tag names
but because it's based on a complete programming language
it can include highly complex dynamic calculations
and conditional processing."
Which is not necessarily a good thing.

So this takes us to JavaScript, here's the definitive guide
and the thing about JavaScript is that it is so good
that it even has good parts. [laughter]
[voice off:] That is a very thin book.
[laughter and applause]
Thank you for that. Indeed, the good parts are very small parts
and in fact if you're going to have to deal with JavaScript
I recommend just using that book
and ignoring the other.

But even the good parts have bad parts 
because if you read "JavaScript, the good parts"
it's peppered with all sorts of things like
"if the operand of typeof is an array or null
then the result is 'object' which is wrong" [laughter]
So apparently even some of the good parts are bad.

One of the big problems with JavaScript
is that debugging is really hard 
and that is because of the misuse of the robustness principle
which if you were here yesterday
you would've heard this talked about yesterday
Also known as Postel's law and it says
"be conservative in what you do, or produce,
and be liberal in what you accept from others"
Now it's a good rule in certain places
but not everyone thinks it's necessarily a good rule
I don't think it necessarily is and I'm not the only one.

These slides will be online
you can click on that link to read more about it.
I think it's had a bad effect on the web
because thanks to being liberal
browsers accept all sorts of junk
but that's the method that people
use to know if they've done something right:
they put it in the browser and
if it looks good then they think that's right
and then they stop.
So there's no way they can know
what is good and what's not good,
they just look at it in the browser and then
they leave it as it is.
So it produces "suck it and see" coding 
and so we get a load of junk as a result.

It's bad because the message
you think you are sending is not
necessarily the message being received
because it's being interpreted liberally.
An example of why it's not good is that 
it can take you hours to find out why
your CSS is not working and only to discover 
that the browser thinks the HTML is different
than what you think it is because it's
interpreted differently.

So the robustness principle was proposed in order
to improve interoperability between programs: 
"Do you really want to deal with those fools?
Better to silently fix up their mistakes and move on."
But it should never be applied to programming languages!
Look at this string.
This is the robustness principle at work
this enormous string evaluates to the string "10" 
and again you can click on this to find out why
but you know it doesn't make sense
it doesn't make sense; and you've got a bug
in your program, it's very hard to
get back to find out what it was that caused it.
[voice off:] It actually does! It's horrifying! [laughter]
It actually does, and it is actually horrifying.

It's worth knowing that 90 percent of the cost of software
comes from debugging, so what you need is systems
that help you by reducing the need for debugging
and not by producing more of it.

It turns out that parsing JSON is a minefield
and this should give us a very good feeling
within the XML community.
This guy decided to write a test suite
for JSON, and he says
"I'll show you that JSON is not the easy,
idealized format as many believe
indeed I did not find two libraries that
exhibit the very same behavior"
and he found lots of horrible cases and 
it's interesting the things that he points out.

You may not know, but JSON may not start
with a space because the original spec for JSON
says spaces are allowed *between* tokens.
So that means you can't have an inital space.
Although the spec doesn't define what a token is 
so maybe it's OK anyway. [laughter]

So HTML5 is based on programming rather than markup
rather than declarative
and there's a problem about that
because standardization flies out of the window.
I'm using CSS presentation mode here on a
very old browser because it's not
supported anymore, but it allows you to
specify how any document can be
formatted when doing a presentation.
HTML5 took the approach that you could
do this better in JavaScript and so
no browser supports presentation mode anymore.
Now there are lots of JavaScript
packages to do presentation and none of
them are the same, they all different!
Which means if I use one and it dies or
I want to switch to another one,
I can't without changing all my documents;
the standardization has disappeared.
So programmers are now doing our document design for us
all the document formats become proprietary, in other words
because they're not standardized
so there's no interoperability
and that's the whole point of standards.

So that's why there's so few new elements in HTML5:
they haven't done any design and instead said
"if you need anything you can just always do it in JavaScript"
and that's exactly what they have done 
and they're all different.

So here's a guy complaining about having to use JavaScript
he says "Well which version, which flavor of JavaScript
are you going to use? 
Are you going to use a transpiler? 
For which language? Grunt? Gulp? Bower? 
Yeoman? Browserify? Webpack? Babel?
Common.js? And am I mixing things up?
Am I confused?
Talking to the community about my analysis paralysis loop
caused by the excessive amount of available tools
to choose from
resulted in the community suggesting to
try out, spend time, learn and investigate
four more technologies
that I haven't even considered in the first place!
Good job JavaScript."

And so, because JavaScript is difficult in itself
we are getting frameworks.
So which framework are you going to use?
Are you going to use bare metal JavaScript or
are you going to use Angular, Dojo, Bootstrap
or one of the other 26 listed on Wikipedia?
Are they compatible? No.
What happens if your chosen package dies
which has happened 
or is no longer supported, which has happened
or it doesn't get updated for the latest
versions of the browsers, 
or the owners change the license terms
which recently happened for React
which caused some people to say
they were going to have to rewrite their whole website 
because they could no longer accept the new license.
You have to change all your documents:
there's no standardization.

This is why we need standards
not proprietary formats like frameworks.
This is just an example of some of the frameworks
how you would get a table
with an ID called 'test-table' 
as you can see they're all different
and so if you use one package you have to do it in one way
and if you use another package you do it another way
you have to change everything
if you want to change your website
for a new framework.

And then there's the wonderful left-pad disaster.
So NPM is a website that helps keep track
of framework packages for building websites.
It's very popular: it has a billion downloads per week.
One guy had a package on NPM
which was called kik
and there was another program in
the world called kik and the owners of
that program, they decided they
wanted to use NPM and they were upset
about the fact that was already a
program called kik on NPM 
and apparently NPM only has a single global namespace
which is a mistake in itself.
So they owned the trademark for the word kik and
so they went to this guy and they said
"we want you to rename your package".
Actually they didn't ask him, the lawyers sent
a cease-and-desist letter.

So he didn't react to this well; he said "no thank you"
and so kik the company went to npm the company
and said "this guy's using our trademark
we want you to take his program down."
and they did! Which upset this guy greatly.
So he said "screw you lot, I'm going"
and he removed all 250+ packages
that he had on NPM and took them elsewhere.

Which broke the web, because
it turns out he had an 11 line package called 'left-pad'
that was used by hundreds of packages over the web;
it was part of the dependencies of
an enormous number of frameworks 
and so the web broke and nobody knew why
because it was right at the bottom of
this enormous line of dependencies and
all these web sites suddenly weren't working.
But that's not all! Because
having unpublished all these 250 modules
all these names were suddenly available for use
but built into frameworks all over the web
so anyone could have gone in there and
replaced it with something malicious
and people would not necessarily have known.
So: brittleness. 

There's an interesting thing about JavaScript,
that actually not everybody has it and in
fact the Government Digital Service in
the UK ran an experiment and discovered
that 1.1% of their 'customers' did
not have JavaScript or couldn't
accept JavaScript, so one in every 93 users.
So for Amazon that would be 1.75 million people a month
and that's a large number.
So even JavaScript is not a good solution for that reason.

And then we have bloat.
If you want to look at one single tweet of
140 characters on Twitter you have to
download a megabyte page.
It's 5200 lines of HTML
before you even get to the 5 JavaScript packages
and in fact the whole of James Joyce's Ulysses 
is only half as long again. [laughter]

Again, I recommend you reading this link here 
"The website obesity crisis". I'll just read one
section to you. "An article from 2012
titled 'The growing epidemic of page bloat'
warns that the average web page is
over a megabyte in size. The article
itself is 1.8 megabytes in size.
Two years later an article called 
'The overweight web' warns that average page
size is approaching 2 megabytes.
That article is 3 megabytes long.
If present trends continue, there is the real chance
that articles warning about page bloat
will exceed 5 megabytes by 2020. [laughter]

And speed, this is a new one. Because of GDPR,
USA Today decided to run a separate
version of their site for EU users
without all the tracking scripts and ads
"The site seemed very fast" says this guy
"so I did a performance audit". 
It had gone from 5.2Mbytes to 500 kilobytes
and they went from a load time of more than 45 seconds
to 3 seconds!
From 124 javascript files to zero 
and from a total of more than 500 requests to 34.
So this is what we are getting from JavaScript.

And of course accessibility.
We will all one day be 80, we will all one day need
to be able to read websites with our bad eyes 
but as this person points out
many developers who have grown up
only using frameworks have a total lack
of understanding about the fundamentals
of HTML, such as valid and semantic markup.
This is a great concern as
semantic markup is one of the core
principles of an accessible web.

And I feel so sorry for Nicole Henninger
who said this "You know I feel like I
blinked and then all of a sudden what I
thought was my job (making websites) was
suddenly not my job at all because now
I'm being told that I need to do this
other stuff that I don't even like and
people wonder why I'm wielding
a stiletto like a weapon, and screaming 
'I hate JavaScript, you can't make me,
no means no', and considering a second career
in comedy writing." [laughter]

So just to give you an example, here's a drop-down list
as an example of how you now have to do it
this is what you have to mark it up as.
You have to give a button and you have
to add all sorts of junk around it and
this still doesn't do it yet because
you've got to write some JavaScript to
actually then cause it to drop-down
and it's a horrible mess.

Then there's the little design that they
have done, the design techniques that
they used. One of the worst is what
they call "paving the cow paths" 
which frankly I think is an offensive name
but it's actually called that in the
"Design principles of HTML5" spec.
So, this is actually my work, and you
can see here that they should have paved that.
That's where people actually go.
Paving the cow paths,
or 'desire paths' as they're more politely called,
is based on architecture
that basically when you create a new estate
you don't put the paths down immediately
you watch to see where the paths emerge
and then you pave those things
and you let the people who are using it
do the designing for you. 

The HTML5 design principles document got this wrong
because they got the definition of paving the desire paths wrong.
They said "When a practice is already
widespread among authors
consider adopting it rather than
forbidding it or inventing something new".
And then the example they gave is:
"Authors already use the <br/> syntax as
opposed to <br> without the slash so
there's no harm done in allowing
that to be used.

But that's not actually what paving the cow paths is about
it's more like noticing that
huge numbers of sites have a navigation
drop-down and so supporting that natively.

Cow paths are data: if you pave the cow paths
what you're doing is you're setting in stone
(literally) the behaviors caused
by the design decisions of the past.
Cow paths tell you what the cows want to do
where they want to go
not how they want to get there.
So if they have to take a path
around the swamp to get to the meadow
then maybe it would be a better idea
if you'll excuse the phrase
to drain the swamp [laughter] or build a bridge over it
rather than paving a path that they take to get round it.

So the design is spotting
that they want to get there and doing
something about that rather than saying
"oh well that's how they always walk
let's put the path there". 
So paving cow paths is a bad design principle in this way
especially the way they applied it.
It can be a good design principle
but you have to know how to apply it.

Here's one example of how they did it badly
they spidered millions of pages
because they could 
and on the basis of that data 
decided what should be excluded from HTML5
which is already against their design principles
because they said 'don't exclude things'.
So for instance the 'rev' attribute on link
they decided to remove because not
enough people were using it.
But that's not paving the cow paths!
That's putting a fence across a cow path
because not enough cows are walking that way.
So it means that people who were using 'rev'
can no longer use it.
(Bastards)

Irritated by colon disease [laughter]
So for years, the wider community (that's us)
had agreed to use a colon to
separate the name from the identification
of where that name comes from.
The colon was already a legal name character
and it was chosen, I think very wisely,
to be backwards compatible
so that it would still work in old processors
but the new processors could recognize it in a new way;
so for instance xml:lang.

But no, HTML5 had to develop
a new separator: the hyphen.
So now you get code like this:
aria-labelledby="label".
So these people, who so disdained namespaces,
just went and invented them all over again!

Which brings us to the "not invented here" syndrome.
This is from "The universal principles of design"
a very good book; it says:
"There are four social dynamics that underlie
not invented here: 
* the belief that
internal capabilities of superior to
external ones (in other words that they
think they're smarter than us);
* fear of losing control;
* desire for credit and status;
* and the significant emotional and financial investments 
in internal initiatives.

Here's somebody else, CSS squirrel,
it's a comic on the web
each comic then the guy produced a blog
describing what he was saying in it.
He says "the amount of 'not invented here' mentality
that pervades the modern HTML5 spec is odious.
Accessibility in HTML5
isn't being decided by experts. 
Process, when challenged through W3C guidelines,
is defended as being 'not like the old ways'
in essence slapping the W3C in the face.
He's made it clear 
he won't play by the rules.
When well-meaning experts
carefully announce their opposing
positions and desire for some form of
closing the gaps, Ian and the inner circle
constantly express how they don't understand."

So many groups had already
solved lots of problems which HTML5
could have used, but no, they went on to
reinvent something that already existed.

RDFa being a good one.
We had this question "how are you going to represent
general metadata in HTML?" 
We created a cross working group task force
of the interested parties
in 2004 we had the first working draft
in 2008 we had a recommendation for RDFa
so it represented much more than 5 years
of work and consensus and agreement
and then in 2009 HTML5 comes
with something they called microdata.
It's actually copied from RDFa
but then different, it was less capable,
it couldn't do as much; with no warning,
no discussion, no consultation, and in other
words FUD ensued, because then people
didn't know 'should we use microdata or
should we use RDFa?'.
And then in 2013 microdata got abandoned.

Forward compatibility.
XML did one great thing and introduced this
notation for empty elements
because it means you don't have to have
a DTD or a schema to know how to parse a document
because you know whether an element
is going to be empty or not.
But they dropped that, I think because of
'Irritated by colon disease'
but that means they can now never add a new empty
element into the language without breaking something
because there's no way to spot,
and empty elements are sort of magic things
that are built into HTML5 
that the parser just has to know about.

XHTML required quotes around all attribute values
which HTML didn't.
HTML5 went back to the old way
but here's somebody saying 
well actually you better just put quotes around it anyway
because it's confusing to remember under what conditions
you can and can't use quotes
and it's also dangerous because there
are XSS security vulnerabilities if you don't.

And of course "show source"
is of course now absolutely ghastly.
This is just one chosen completely at random
but I mean you can't look at documents
any more because it's just ghastly.

So HTML5 actually isn't about markup at all;
it's actually only about the DOM.
Unfortunately the old DOM group got closed long ago;
it shouldn't have been
then the HTML5 people should have been allowed 
to play their game there.

So I claim that the web has been ruined 
by putting it in the hands of people
who don't know how to design.

But now, 2018, the last XML group at W3C
has closed; today is Liam's last day at W3C.
Thank you Liam for all your great work.
[Enthusiastic Applause]
W3C has abandoned the declarative web.

What does the web need?
it needs modularity
it needs extensibility 
it needs accessibility 
it needs a declarative approach
and who can offer that? XML.

We need a 100 year web: we need to be
thinking about 100 years time from now
because it's the way that we distribute information.
We want to be able to read the documents 
that we're providing now, we're creating now:
we want to be able to read them in 100 years' time.
We can read books that are 100 years old,
it's ridiculous that we should expect
that people in 100 years' time
will have to be using a 100 year old
implementation of JavaScript just in
order to read our documents.
At least declarative markup is easier to
keep alive because it's independent of
the implementation! 

So my talk today is a call to action
we need a new movement to lead the web
to its full potential
We need to seize back the declarative web
As XForms and other markups have shown
we can still create meaningful declarative documents
and serve them to HTML browsers.

HTML is actually now the
assembly language of the web and we can
go back to having a coherent, declarative,
author-friendly web.

But how are we going to do it?
We need to have a new organization.
If W3 doesn't want to have us we need to go
somewhere else and I think the thing to do
is we need to create an organization
where we can do this work.
We need a new home for our work where the people who are
there understand what we're doing and
offer moral support
so that we don't have the fights that we've had in
the past with people who didn't
understand what we're trying to do.
We need a place where we can continue to
develop our specifications and we need
a home for declarative.

What can we do?
Well we've still XProc being developed:
that needs a home.
XForms is being developed: that needs a home.
Invisible XML got mentioned I think that
would be an excellent thing to be used
and also if we're going to do it via HTML
as an assembly language
then we need to create standards
so that namespaces can collaborate
so that you can have a plug-in bit
of JavaScript for one namespace
and another namespace and so
that they play together nicely.
Socially we can do conferences and meetings and volunteers.

What do we need?
We need a name and a brand and I'm glad that I'm
giving this talk at the beginning of the
week because we can talk about this.
I'm not sure if we actually need a physical location
but we can talk about that.
We need to think about how we can do an infrastructure:
domain website email.
I heard people talking about how to do funding yesterday
which is very good
because we'll need funding, and there'll
be legalities and process and membership
and steering committees and elections.

We want a hundred-year web.
All this for a new organization can't happen overnight
and I can't do it alone either.
But it does really need to happen.
We need to seize the initiative,
recreate a declarative, robust, lasting, web.
We can let HTML5 play, they can be our assembly language;
it's time for some higher-level languages.

So. Who's in?
[Applause]