Deprecated: The each() function is deprecated. This message will be suppressed on further calls in /home/zhenxiangba/zhenxiangba.com/public_html/phproxy-improved-master/index.php on line 456 Paper page - Kimi K2: Open Agentic Intelligence
https://arxivexplained.com/papers/kimi-k2-open-agentic-intelligence\n","updatedAt":"2025-07-30T03:02:54.450Z","author":{"_id":"65d9fc2a0e6ad24551d87a1e","avatarUrl":"/avatars/3aedb9522cc3cd08349d654f523fd792.svg","fullname":"Grant Singleton","name":"grantsing","type":"user","isPro":false,"isHf":false,"isHfAdmin":false,"isMod":false,"followerCount":4,"isUserFollowing":false}},"numEdits":0,"identifiedLanguage":{"language":"en","probability":0.7074012756347656},"editors":["grantsing"],"editorAvatarUrls":["/avatars/3aedb9522cc3cd08349d654f523fd792.svg"],"reactions":[{"reaction":"❤️","users":["rikwade"],"count":1}],"isReport":false}},{"id":"69256d28e2e9c6a47ef44c6c","author":{"_id":"6770dc4216004795f037d323","avatarUrl":"https://cdn-avatars.huggingface.co/v1/production/uploads/noauth/MOGHYRJLTDW-7p6fx0jZH.jpeg","fullname":"Navid amadeh","name":"Navamd69","type":"user","isPro":false,"isHf":false,"isHfAdmin":false,"isMod":false,"isUserFollowing":false},"createdAt":"2025-11-25T08:47:36.000Z","type":"comment","data":{"edited":false,"hidden":false,"latest":{"raw":"سلام تصویر رو شرح بده\n\n","html":"
سلام تصویر رو شرح بده
\n","updatedAt":"2025-11-25T08:47:36.827Z","author":{"_id":"6770dc4216004795f037d323","avatarUrl":"https://cdn-avatars.huggingface.co/v1/production/uploads/noauth/MOGHYRJLTDW-7p6fx0jZH.jpeg","fullname":"Navid amadeh","name":"Navamd69","type":"user","isPro":false,"isHf":false,"isHfAdmin":false,"isMod":false,"isUserFollowing":false}},"numEdits":0,"identifiedLanguage":{"language":"fa","probability":0.37312057614326477},"editors":["Navamd69"],"editorAvatarUrls":["https://cdn-avatars.huggingface.co/v1/production/uploads/noauth/MOGHYRJLTDW-7p6fx0jZH.jpeg"],"reactions":[],"isReport":false}}],"primaryEmailConfirmed":false,"paper":{"id":"2507.20534","authors":[{"_id":"688960b631e1218a089280ce","name":"Kimi Team","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a089280cf","name":"Yifan Bai","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a089280d0","name":"Yiping Bao","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a089280d1","name":"Guanduo Chen","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a089280d2","name":"Jiahao Chen","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a089280d3","name":"Ningxin Chen","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a089280d4","name":"Ruijue Chen","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a089280d5","name":"Yanru Chen","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a089280d6","name":"Yuankun Chen","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a089280d7","name":"Yutian Chen","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a089280d8","name":"Zhuofu Chen","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a089280d9","name":"Jialei Cui","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a089280da","name":"Hao Ding","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a089280db","name":"Mengnan Dong","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a089280dc","name":"Angang Du","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a089280dd","name":"Chenzhuang Du","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a089280de","name":"Dikang Du","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a089280df","user":{"_id":"6340f31fb78ed99eab04ce33","avatarUrl":"/avatars/2e7fcbf0233bdc0bc9a3f4603fd8bf90.svg","isPro":false,"fullname":"Du","user":"Yulun","type":"user"},"name":"Yulun Du","status":"claimed_verified","statusLastChangedAt":"2026-02-03T10:10:56.805Z","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a089280e0","user":{"_id":"65ae1bf1e0ee7990a67a7e2f","avatarUrl":"/avatars/bf64f8aec98fc65c99f8f2f40aa5bdb8.svg","isPro":false,"fullname":"Yu Fan","user":"FuryMartin","type":"user"},"name":"Yu Fan","status":"claimed_verified","statusLastChangedAt":"2025-08-06T19:32:48.298Z","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a089280e1","name":"Yichen Feng","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a089280e2","user":{"_id":"6719190f3d0bc39eefd17ad6","avatarUrl":"https://cdn-avatars.huggingface.co/v1/production/uploads/6719190f3d0bc39eefd17ad6/PE_orcNDw2dDl8G1atmbD.jpeg","isPro":false,"fullname":"Kelin Fu","user":"litble","type":"user"},"name":"Kelin Fu","status":"claimed_verified","statusLastChangedAt":"2025-12-09T09:39:10.668Z","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a089280e3","name":"Bofei Gao","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a089280e4","user":{"_id":"62728f4f6253fe2068da1021","avatarUrl":"https://cdn-avatars.huggingface.co/v1/production/uploads/62728f4f6253fe2068da1021/KZ65X0EH98AF3zXemPiap.jpeg","isPro":false,"fullname":"Hongcheng Gao","user":"HongchengGao","type":"user"},"name":"Hongcheng Gao","status":"claimed_verified","statusLastChangedAt":"2026-02-05T10:58:19.092Z","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a089280e5","name":"Peizhong Gao","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a089280e6","name":"Tong Gao","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a089280e7","name":"Xinran Gu","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a089280e8","name":"Longyu Guan","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a089280e9","name":"Haiqing Guo","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a089280ea","name":"Jianhang Guo","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a089280eb","name":"Hao Hu","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a089280ec","name":"Xiaoru Hao","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a089280ed","name":"Tianhong He","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a089280ee","name":"Weiran He","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a089280ef","name":"Wenyang He","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a089280f0","name":"Chao Hong","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a089280f1","name":"Yangyang Hu","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a089280f2","name":"Zhenxing Hu","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a089280f3","name":"Weixiao Huang","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a089280f4","name":"Zhiqi Huang","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a089280f5","name":"Zihao Huang","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a089280f6","name":"Tao Jiang","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a089280f7","name":"Zhejun Jiang","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a089280f8","name":"Xinyi Jin","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a089280f9","name":"Yongsheng Kang","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a089280fa","name":"Guokun Lai","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a089280fb","name":"Cheng Li","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a089280fc","name":"Fang Li","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a089280fd","name":"Haoyang Li","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a089280fe","name":"Ming Li","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a089280ff","name":"Wentao Li","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928100","name":"Yanhao Li","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928101","name":"Yiwei Li","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928102","name":"Zhaowei Li","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928103","name":"Zheming Li","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928104","name":"Hongzhan Lin","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928105","name":"Xiaohan Lin","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928106","name":"Zongyu Lin","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928107","name":"Chengyin Liu","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928108","name":"Chenyu Liu","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928109","name":"Hongzhang Liu","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a0892810a","name":"Jingyuan Liu","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a0892810b","name":"Junqi Liu","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a0892810c","name":"Liang Liu","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a0892810d","name":"Shaowei Liu","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a0892810e","name":"T. Y. Liu","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a0892810f","name":"Tianwei Liu","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928110","name":"Weizhou Liu","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928111","name":"Yangyang Liu","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928112","name":"Yibo Liu","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928113","name":"Yiping Liu","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928114","name":"Yue Liu","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928115","name":"Zhengying Liu","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928116","name":"Enzhe Lu","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928117","name":"Lijun Lu","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928118","name":"Shengling Ma","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928119","name":"Xinyu Ma","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a0892811a","name":"Yingwei Ma","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a0892811b","name":"Shaoguang Mao","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a0892811c","name":"Jie Mei","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a0892811d","name":"Xin Men","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a0892811e","name":"Yibo Miao","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a0892811f","name":"Siyuan Pan","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928120","name":"Yebo Peng","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928121","name":"Ruoyu Qin","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928122","name":"Bowen Qu","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928123","name":"Zeyu Shang","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928124","name":"Lidong Shi","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928125","name":"Shengyuan Shi","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928126","user":{"_id":"6447ca6ca478b20f1755b294","avatarUrl":"/avatars/5049856b5ed1b74533fff902e14b4c7c.svg","isPro":false,"fullname":"Feifan Song","user":"songff","type":"user"},"name":"Feifan Song","status":"claimed_verified","statusLastChangedAt":"2025-10-13T16:09:49.908Z","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928127","name":"Jianlin Su","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928128","name":"Zhengyuan Su","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928129","name":"Xinjie Sun","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a0892812a","name":"Flood Sung","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a0892812b","name":"Heyi Tang","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a0892812c","name":"Jiawen Tao","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a0892812d","name":"Qifeng Teng","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a0892812e","name":"Chensi Wang","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a0892812f","name":"Dinglu Wang","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928130","name":"Feng Wang","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928131","name":"Haiming Wang","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928132","name":"Jianzhou Wang","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928133","name":"Jiaxing Wang","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928134","name":"Jinhong Wang","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928135","name":"Shengjie Wang","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928136","name":"Shuyi Wang","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928137","name":"Yao Wang","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928138","name":"Yejie Wang","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928139","name":"Yiqin Wang","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a0892813a","name":"Yuxin Wang","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a0892813b","name":"Yuzhi Wang","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a0892813c","name":"Zhaoji Wang","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a0892813d","name":"Zhengtao Wang","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a0892813e","name":"Zhexu Wang","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a0892813f","user":{"_id":"635ddec594e5b275ca7941e8","avatarUrl":"/avatars/28ebfaee74d31e1de020a3ae735a4c1b.svg","isPro":false,"fullname":"Chu Wei","user":"courage17340","type":"user"},"name":"Chu Wei","status":"claimed_verified","statusLastChangedAt":"2026-02-03T14:00:49.053Z","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928140","name":"Qianqian Wei","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928141","name":"Wenhao Wu","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928142","name":"Xingzhe Wu","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928143","name":"Yuxin Wu","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928144","name":"Chenjun Xiao","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928145","name":"Xiaotong Xie","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928146","name":"Weimin Xiong","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928147","name":"Boyu Xu","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928148","name":"Jing Xu","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928149","name":"Jinjing Xu","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a0892814a","name":"L. H. Xu","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a0892814b","name":"Lin Xu","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a0892814c","name":"Suting Xu","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a0892814d","name":"Weixin Xu","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a0892814e","name":"Xinran Xu","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a0892814f","name":"Yangchuan Xu","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928150","name":"Ziyao Xu","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928151","name":"Junjie Yan","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928152","name":"Yuzi Yan","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928153","name":"Xiaofei Yang","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928154","name":"Ying Yang","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928155","name":"Zhen Yang","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928156","name":"Zhilin Yang","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928157","name":"Zonghan Yang","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928158","user":{"_id":"642bcd9be8dfcc1fe4f4f853","avatarUrl":"https://cdn-avatars.huggingface.co/v1/production/uploads/642bcd9be8dfcc1fe4f4f853/M9Yqkyt66dnWWCwmBZ8l0.jpeg","isPro":false,"fullname":"Haotian Yao","user":"skylark-95","type":"user"},"name":"Haotian Yao","status":"claimed_verified","statusLastChangedAt":"2026-02-03T14:00:46.472Z","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928159","name":"Xingcheng Yao","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a0892815a","name":"Wenjie Ye","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a0892815b","name":"Zhuorui Ye","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a0892815c","name":"Bohong Yin","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a0892815d","name":"Longhui Yu","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a0892815e","name":"Enming Yuan","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a0892815f","name":"Hongbang Yuan","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928160","name":"Mengjie Yuan","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928161","name":"Haobing Zhan","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928162","name":"Dehao Zhang","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928163","name":"Hao Zhang","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928164","name":"Wanlu Zhang","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928165","name":"Xiaobin Zhang","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928166","name":"Yangkun Zhang","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928167","name":"Yizhi Zhang","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928168","name":"Yongting Zhang","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928169","name":"Yu Zhang","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a0892816a","name":"Yutao Zhang","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a0892816b","name":"Yutong Zhang","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a0892816c","name":"Zheng Zhang","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a0892816d","name":"Haotian Zhao","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a0892816e","name":"Yikai Zhao","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a0892816f","name":"Huabin Zheng","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928170","name":"Shaojie Zheng","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928171","name":"Jianren Zhou","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928172","name":"Xinyu Zhou","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928173","name":"Zaida Zhou","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928174","name":"Zhen Zhu","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928175","name":"Weiyu Zhuang","hidden":false},{"_id":"688960b631e1218a08928176","name":"Xinxing Zu","hidden":false}],"publishedAt":"2025-07-28T05:35:43.000Z","title":"Kimi K2: Open Agentic Intelligence","summary":"We introduce Kimi K2, a Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) large language model with 32\nbillion activated parameters and 1 trillion total parameters. We propose the\nMuonClip optimizer, which improves upon Muon with a novel QK-clip technique to\naddress training instability while enjoying the advanced token efficiency of\nMuon. Based on MuonClip, K2 was pre-trained on 15.5 trillion tokens with zero\nloss spike. During post-training, K2 undergoes a multi-stage post-training\nprocess, highlighted by a large-scale agentic data synthesis pipeline and a\njoint reinforcement learning (RL) stage, where the model improves its\ncapabilities through interactions with real and synthetic environments.\n Kimi K2 achieves state-of-the-art performance among open-source non-thinking\nmodels, with strengths in agentic capabilities. Notably, K2 obtains 66.1 on\nTau2-Bench, 76.5 on ACEBench (En), 65.8 on SWE-Bench Verified, and 47.3 on\nSWE-Bench Multilingual -- surpassing most open and closed-sourced baselines in\nnon-thinking settings. It also exhibits strong capabilities in coding,\nmathematics, and reasoning tasks, with a score of 53.7 on LiveCodeBench v6,\n49.5 on AIME 2025, 75.1 on GPQA-Diamond, and 27.1 on OJBench, all without\nextended thinking. These results position Kimi K2 as one of the most capable\nopen-source large language models to date, particularly in software engineering\nand agentic tasks. We release our base and post-trained model checkpoints to\nfacilitate future research and applications of agentic intelligence.","upvotes":12,"discussionId":"688960b631e1218a08928177","ai_summary":"Kimi K2, a large language model with 32 billion active parameters, uses the MuonClip optimizer and achieves state-of-the-art performance in various benchmarks, including agentic capabilities, coding, mathematics, and reasoning tasks.","ai_keywords":["Mixture-of-Experts","MoE","MuonClip","QK-clip","token efficiency","large-scale agentic data synthesis","joint reinforcement learning","Tau2-Bench","ACEBench","SWE-Bench Verified","SWE-Bench Multilingual","LiveCodeBench","AIME 2025","GPQA-Diamond","OJBench"]},"canReadDatabase":false,"canManagePapers":false,"canSubmit":false,"hasHfLevelAccess":false,"upvoted":false,"upvoters":[{"_id":"62eb8941185591f0372d8595","avatarUrl":"/avatars/5f59bb537f6c28e58670e313d0fc6817.svg","isPro":false,"fullname":"Yinpei Su","user":"suyinpei","type":"user"},{"_id":"6331606f18711776b4655e67","avatarUrl":"/avatars/1479c2ca743b9f92d845b0ed23fcd07b.svg","isPro":false,"fullname":"Enming Yuan","user":"EnmingYuan","type":"user"},{"_id":"63c6cb6a50cc81901da65e15","avatarUrl":"https://cdn-avatars.huggingface.co/v1/production/uploads/63c6cb6a50cc81901da65e15/t4LN1BPCFlwbSJ9GD9YDd.jpeg","isPro":true,"fullname":"Théo Pomies","user":"theopomies","type":"user"},{"_id":"6042b2759e905013ae8715ce","avatarUrl":"https://cdn-avatars.huggingface.co/v1/production/uploads/6042b2759e905013ae8715ce/2nZ1ObhgoQKmC6-1Tw-ON.png","isPro":false,"fullname":"Michael Feldman","user":"mfeldman143","type":"user"},{"_id":"638f5839f6de4b9e7e1627fb","avatarUrl":"https://cdn-avatars.huggingface.co/v1/production/uploads/638f5839f6de4b9e7e1627fb/6QGkrqRag6-GnH9k60Oil.jpeg","isPro":false,"fullname":"Yu Zhang","user":"yzhangcs","type":"user"},{"_id":"691ec3b9c827203308577ee0","avatarUrl":"https://cdn-avatars.huggingface.co/v1/production/uploads/noauth/Iu-1HKAyadZ3aDdWe1Qxt.jpeg","isPro":false,"fullname":"Shivam","user":"theshiv01","type":"user"},{"_id":"68525b342230a897a65cc1c0","avatarUrl":"https://cdn-avatars.huggingface.co/v1/production/uploads/68525b342230a897a65cc1c0/Y-XpETNmagFcRy3cXEYL7.jpeg","isPro":false,"fullname":"Jenny Chen","user":"jenny-miromind","type":"user"},{"_id":"5f0c746619cb630495b814fd","avatarUrl":"https://cdn-avatars.huggingface.co/v1/production/uploads/1594651707950-noauth.jpeg","isPro":true,"fullname":"Lewis Tunstall","user":"lewtun","type":"user"},{"_id":"63107b18e87051f3e3e0f598","avatarUrl":"https://cdn-avatars.huggingface.co/v1/production/uploads/63107b18e87051f3e3e0f598/R9onir4Y0MZuq1jEWCZ2-.jpeg","isPro":false,"fullname":"Unchun Yang","user":"ucyang","type":"user"},{"_id":"669d9e56fe9496b3c6db6e7e","avatarUrl":"https://cdn-avatars.huggingface.co/v1/production/uploads/669d9e56fe9496b3c6db6e7e/qfwpxcGN0K5dIrks1R1gF.jpeg","isPro":false,"fullname":"Ilya Pereverzin","user":"NodeLinker","type":"user"},{"_id":"62b6d20416ff90e6198301b6","avatarUrl":"https://cdn-avatars.huggingface.co/v1/production/uploads/1656148456743-noauth.png","isPro":false,"fullname":"Longguang Zhong","user":"GGLS","type":"user"},{"_id":"693cd1a01c6a66a209f66138","avatarUrl":"https://cdn-avatars.huggingface.co/v1/production/uploads/no-auth/_UxKpe36V2Pc83pKkcRKg.png","isPro":false,"fullname":"Galaxa Labs","user":"Galaxa","type":"user"}],"acceptLanguages":["*"]}">
Kimi K2, a large language model with 32 billion active parameters, uses the MuonClip optimizer and achieves state-of-the-art performance in various benchmarks, including agentic capabilities, coding, mathematics, and reasoning tasks.
AI-generated summary
We introduce Kimi K2, a Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) large language model with 32
billion activated parameters and 1 trillion total parameters. We propose the
MuonClip optimizer, which improves upon Muon with a novel QK-clip technique to
address training instability while enjoying the advanced token efficiency of
Muon. Based on MuonClip, K2 was pre-trained on 15.5 trillion tokens with zero
loss spike. During post-training, K2 undergoes a multi-stage post-training
process, highlighted by a large-scale agentic data synthesis pipeline and a
joint reinforcement learning (RL) stage, where the model improves its
capabilities through interactions with real and synthetic environments.
Kimi K2 achieves state-of-the-art performance among open-source non-thinking
models, with strengths in agentic capabilities. Notably, K2 obtains 66.1 on
Tau2-Bench, 76.5 on ACEBench (En), 65.8 on SWE-Bench Verified, and 47.3 on
SWE-Bench Multilingual -- surpassing most open and closed-sourced baselines in
non-thinking settings. It also exhibits strong capabilities in coding,
mathematics, and reasoning tasks, with a score of 53.7 on LiveCodeBench v6,
49.5 on AIME 2025, 75.1 on GPQA-Diamond, and 27.1 on OJBench, all without
extended thinking. These results position Kimi K2 as one of the most capable
open-source large language models to date, particularly in software engineering
and agentic tasks. We release our base and post-trained model checkpoints to
facilitate future research and applications of agentic intelligence.