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<yas@is.tsukuba.ac.jp>

$B$3$N%Z!<%8$O!" http://www.coins.tsukuba.ac.jp/~syspro/2005/No8.html
$B$"$k$$$O!" http://www.coins.tsukuba.ac.jp/~syspro/2005/
http://www.coins.tsukuba.ac.jp/~yas/

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    telnet $B$O!"(BTCP/IP $B$NHFMQ$N%/%i%$%"%s%H(B($BJ8;zNs$NAw

    echo-client-udp

    UDP/IP $B$N%]!<%HHV9f(B 7 (echo) $B$G$O!"e$NM}M3$+$i!"(Becho $B%5!<%S%9$r(B $BDd;_$9$k$3$H$,!"0lHLE*$G$"$k!#0J2<$O!"$3$N%5!<%S%9$rMxMQ$9$k%/%i%$%"%s(B $B%H$G$"$k!#(B 
       1:	
   2:	/*
   3:	        echo-client-udp.c -- $BJ8;zNs$rAw



    

main $B$NItJ,$O!"(BTCP/IP $BHG$N(B

echo $B%5!<%S%9$N%/%i%$%"%s%H(B

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main() $B4X?t$O!"%3%^%s%I%i%$%s$N0z?t$rD4$Y$F!"(Becho_client() $B$rFI$s$G$$(B
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      33:	
  34:	#define BUFFERSIZE      1024
  35:	
  36:	void
  37:	echo_client_udp( char *server, int portno )
  38:	{
  39:	    int          sock ;
  40:	    int          slen,scount,rcount ;
  41:	    char         sbuf[BUFFERSIZE];
  42:	    char         rbuf[BUFFERSIZE];
  43:	    int          i ;
  44:	    int          fromlen ;
  45:	    struct sockaddr_in to; struct sockaddr_storage from ;
  46:	
  47:	        sock = udp_port_nobind();
  48:	        if( sock<0 )
  49:	            exit( -1 );
  50:	        printf("my port is "); sockname_print( sock ); printf("\n");
  51:	
  52:	        if( sockaddr_in_init( &to, sizeof(to), server, portno )<0 )
  53:	        {
  54:	            perror("sockaddr_in_init");
  55:	            exit( -1 );
  56:	        }
  57:	        printf("server is ");
  58:	        sockaddr_print( (struct sockaddr *)&to, sizeof(to) ); printf("\n");
  59:	
  60:	        printf("==> "); fflush(stdout);
  61:	        while( fgets(sbuf,BUFFERSIZE,stdin) )
  62:	        {
  63:	            slen = strlen( sbuf );
  64:	            printf("sending [%s] (%d bytes) to ", sbuf, slen );
  65:	            sockaddr_print( (struct sockaddr *)&to, sizeof(to) ); printf("\n");
  66:	
  67:	            scount = sendto( sock, sbuf, slen, 0,
  68:	                             (struct sockaddr *)&to, sizeof(to) );
  69:	            if( scount != slen )
  70:	            {
  71:	                perror("sendto()");
  72:	                exit( 1 );
  73:	            }
  74:	            printf("after sendo(), my port is "); sockname_print( sock ); printf("\n");
  75:	
  76:	            fromlen = sizeof( from );
  77:	            rcount = recvfrom( sock, rbuf, BUFFERSIZE, 0,
  78:	                               (struct sockaddr *)&from, &fromlen);
  79:	            if( rcount < 0 )
  80:	            {
  81:	                perror("recvfrom()");
  82:	                exit( 1 );
  83:	            }
  84:	            rbuf[rcount] = 0 ;
  85:	            printf("received %d bytes [%s] from ",rcount, rbuf );
  86:	            sockaddr_print( (struct sockaddr *)&from, fromlen ); printf("\n");
  87:	
  88:	            printf("==> "); fflush(stdout);
  89:	        }
  90:	        printf("\n");
  91:	
  92:	        close( sock );
  93:	}
  94:	


    


echo_client_udp() $B$G$O!"(Budp_port_nobind() $B$H$$$&4X?t$r8F$S=P$7$F$$$k!#(B
$B$3$N7k2L!"(BUDP/IP $B$NDL?.MQ%]!<%H$,:n$i$l!"DL?.2DG=$J%U%!%$%k5-=R;R$,JV$5$l$k!#(B
$B$?$@$7!"%5!<%P$H$N4V$K$O!"DL?.O)$O3NJ]$5$l$J$$!#$3$N%U%!%$%k5-=R;R$O!"(B
$BI8=`F~=PNO(B(0,1,2)$B$d(B open() $B%7%9%F%`!&%3!<%k$N7k2L$HF1$8$b$N$G!"ITMW$K(B
$B$J$C$?$i(B close() $B$G2rJ|$9$k!#$7$+$7!"$3$N>uBV$G$O!"(Bwrite() $B$d(B read() 
$B%7%9%F%`%3!<%k$O;H$($J$$!#$=$NBe$j$K!"(Bsendto() $B$d(B recvfrom() $B%7%9%F%`(B
$B%3!<%k$r;H$&!#(B


    

$B%/%i%$%"%s%HB&$G$O!"(Bbind() $B$G%"%I%l%9(B(IP$B%"%I%l%9$H%]!<%HHV9f(B)$B$r@_Dj$7(B
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sockaddr_in_init() $B$O!"9=B$BN(B to $B$KAw$j@h$N%"%I%l%9(B(IP$B%"%I%l%9$H%]!<%H(B
$BHV9f(B)$B$r%;%C%H$7$F$$$k!#(B


    

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$B$N$bB?$$!#(B


    

sendto() $B%7%9%F%`%3!<%k$G!"%G!<%?$rAw?.$7$F$$$k!#Aw$j@h$O!"Bh(B5$B0z?t$K;X(B
$BDj$5$l$F$$$k!#(BTCP/IP $B$H$O0[$J$j!"%G!<%?$N6h@Z$j$OJ]B8$5$l$k!#$^$?!"0l(B
$BEY$KA4%G!<%?$,Aw$i$l$k$N$G!"(BTCP/IP $B$H$O0[$J$j!"A4%G!<(B
$B%?$rAw$j=P$9$?$a$N%k!<%W$OITMW$G$"$k!#$?$@$7!"0lEY$KAw$k$3$H$,$G$-$k%G!<(B
$B%?$NBg$-$5$K$O>e8B$,$"$k!#(B


    

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$B%?$O!"
    

$B%G!<%?$r
    

recvfrom() $B$G$O!":G8e$K=*C<$N(B 0 $B$rIU$1$F$/$l$J$$$N$G!"<+J,$G(B 0 $B$rIU$1(B
$B$F$$$k!#(B


    


      95:	int
  96:	udp_port_nobind()
  97:	{
  98:	    int s ;
  99:	        if( (s = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) < 0 )
 100:	        {
 101:	            perror("socket");
 102:	            return( -1 );
 103:	        }
 104:	        return( s );
 105:	}
 106:	


    



    

udp_port_nobind() $B$O!"%/%i%$%"%s%HB&$N(B UDP/IP $B$N%]!<%H$r:n$k4X?t$G$"$k!#(B
$BFbIt$G$O!"%=%1%C%H$r(B socket() $B%7%9%F%`%3!<%k$G:n@.$7$F$$$k$@$1$G$"$k!#(B
PF_INET $B$H(B SOCK_DGRAM$B$NAH$_9g$o$;(B$B$J$N$G!"(B
UDP $B$r;H$&$3$H$r0UL#$9$k!#(B

socket() $B$N0z?t$G!"(BPF_INET $B$NJQ$j$K!"(BAF_INET $B$H=q$$$F$b$h$$!#$3$3$G$O!"(B
Protocol $B$rA*$s$G$$$k$N$G!"(BPF_ $B$,@5$7$$$,!"
    

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$B0lHLE*$G$O$J$$!#@\B3@h$r8GDj$7$?>l9g$O!"(Bsendto() $B$d(B recvfrom() $B$G$O$J(B
$B$/!"(Bwrite() $B$d(Bread() $B$r;H$C$FDL?.$9$k$3$H$b$G$-$k!#$=$N>l9g$b!"(BUDP $B$N(B
$B@-(B
$BAw$O9T$o$l$J$$!#(B


    


     107:	int
 108:	sockaddr_in_init( struct sockaddr_in *addr, int addrlen,
 109:	                  char *hostname, int portno )
 110:	{
 111:	    struct addrinfo hints, *ai;
 112:	    int err ;
 113:	
 114:	        if( addrlen < sizeof(struct sockaddr_in) )
 115:	        {
 116:	            fprintf(stderr,"sockaddr_in, not enough space (%d) > (%d)\n",
 117:	                     addrlen, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in) );
 118:	            return( -1 );
 119:	        }
 120:	        memset( &hints, 0, sizeof(hints) );
 121:	        hints.ai_family   = AF_INET ;
 122:	        hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_DGRAM ;
 123:	        if( (err = getaddrinfo( hostname, NULL, &hints, &ai )) )
 124:	        {
 125:	            fprintf(stderr,"unknown host %s (%s)\n",hostname,
 126:	                    gai_strerror(err) );
 127:	            return( -1 );
 128:	        }
 129:	        if( ai->ai_addrlen > addrlen )
 130:	        {
 131:	            fprintf(stderr,"sockaddr too large (%d) > (%d)\n",
 132:	                    ai->ai_addrlen,sizeof(addr) );
 133:	            freeaddrinfo( ai );
 134:	            return( -1 );
 135:	        }
 136:	        memcpy( addr, ai->ai_addr, ai->ai_addrlen );
 137:	        addr->sin_port = htons( portno );
 138:	        freeaddrinfo( ai );
 139:	
 140:	        return( 0 );
 141:	}
 142:	


    


UDP/IP $B$N>l9g$b!"(BTCP/IP $B$HF1MM$K!"%"%I%l%9$N;XDj$K$O!"(Bsockaddr_in $B9=B$(B
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$B%/%H;X8~MQ8l(B)$B$G$"$k(Bsockaddr_in $B$r;H$&!#$3$N>l9g!"(BIP $B%"%I%l%9$H%]!<%HHV(B
$B9f$,Kd$a$i$l$F$$$kI,MW$,$"$k!#$=$NB>$K@hF,$K!"(Bsockaddr_in $B$G$"$k$3$H$r(B
$B<($9Dj?t(B AF_INET $B$rCV$/!#(B

getaddrinfo() $B$O!"%[%9%HL>$r(B IP $B%"%I%l%9$7!"$5$i$K!"@hF,$KDj?t(B AF_INET 
$B$r@_Dj$7$F$$$k!#%]!<%HHV9f$O!"Bh#20z?t$,(B NULL $B$J$N$G!"(B0 $B$r;XDj$7$F$$$k!#(B
$B$3$NNc$G$O!"0z?t$GM?$($i$l$?%]!<%HHV9f$r(B htons() $B$r2p$7$F%P%$%H%*!<%@(B
$B$rD4@0$7$F$+$i@_Dj$7$F$$$k!#(B


    


     143:	void
 144:	sockaddr_print( struct sockaddr *addrp, int addr_len )
 145:	{
 146:	    char host[BUFFERSIZE] ;
 147:	    char port[BUFFERSIZE] ;
 148:	        if( getnameinfo(addrp, addr_len, host, sizeof(host),
 149:	                        port, sizeof(port), NI_NUMERICHOST|NI_NUMERICSERV)<0 )
 150:	            return;
 151:	        printf("%s:%s", host, port );
 152:	}
 153:	
 154:	void
 155:	sockname_print( int s )
 156:	{
 157:	    struct sockaddr_storage addr ;
 158:	    int len ;
 159:	        len = sizeof( addr );
 160:	        if( getsockname( s, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, &len )< 0 )
 161:	        {
 162:	            perror("getsockname");
 163:	            exit( -1 );
 164:	        }
 165:	        sockaddr_print( (struct sockaddr *)&addr,len );
 166:	}


    


sockaddr_print() $B$O!"(B

echo-server-nofork-fdopen.c

$B$N$b$N$HF1$8$G$"$k!#(B

getaddrinfo() $B%i%$%V%i%j4X?t$K$h$j!"%[%9%HL>$H%]!<%HHV9f$NJ8;zNsI=8=$r(B
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$B$r;XDj$7$F$$$k$N$G!"7k2L$O(B "123.4.5.6" $B$d(B "80" $B$N$h$&$J?t;z$NJB$S$K$h(B
$B$kI=5-$K$J$k!#(B


    

sockname_print() $B$O!"<+J,<+?H$N%]!<%H$N%"%I%l%9$rI=<($9$k4X?t$G$"$k!#(B
$B%"%I%l%9$O!"(Bgetsockname() $B$GF@$i$l$k!#$J$*!"(BUDP/IP $B$G$O!"(BTCP/IP $B$H$O0[(B
$B$J$j!"(Bgetpeername() $B$GDL?.Ajl9g$G$-$J$$!#(BUDP/IP 
$B$G$O!"DL?.Ajecho-server-nofork-fdopen.c

 $B$N(B tcp_peeraddr_print() $B$N(B getpeername() $B$r!"(Bgetsockname() $B$KJQ$($?$b$N$G$"$k!#(Bgetsockname() $B$O!"<+J,<+?H$NL>A0(B(TCP/IP $B$G$O!"(BIP $B%"%I%l%9$H%]!<%HHV9f(B)$B$rF@$k$?$a$N%7%9%F%`%3!<%k$G$"$k!#(B



    

$B
    


    % cp ~yas/syspro/ipc/echo-client-udp.c . [$B
% make echo-client-udp [$B
cc     echo-client-udp.c   -o echo-client-udp
% ./echo-client-udp localhost 7 [$B
my port is 0.0.0.0:0
server is 127.0.0.1:7
==> hello[$B
sending [hello
] (6 bytes) to 127.0.0.1:7
after sendo(), my port is 0.0.0.0:33041
received 6 bytes [hello
] from 127.0.0.1:7
==> world![$B
sending [world!
] (7 bytes) to 127.0.0.1:7
after sendo(), my port is 0.0.0.0:33041
received 7 bytes [world!
] from 127.0.0.1:7
==> ^D
% ./echo-client-udp adonis8 7 [$B
my port is 0.0.0.0:0
server is 130.158.86.28:7
==> aaa[$B
sending [aaa
] (4 bytes) to 130.158.86.28:7
after sendo(), my port is 0.0.0.0:33041
received 4 bytes [aaa
] from 130.158.86.28:7
==> bbb[$B
sending [bbb
] (4 bytes) to 130.158.86.28:7
after sendo(), my port is 0.0.0.0:33041
received 4 bytes [bbb
] from 130.158.86.28:7
==> ^D
% []

    


$B$3$N%W%m%0%i%`$O!"%3%^%s%I%i%$%s$+$i#2$N0z?t$r$H$k!#Bh#10z?t$O!"%[%9%H(B
$BL>!"Bh#20z?t$O!"%]!<%HHV9f$G$"$k!#$3$N%W%m%0%i%`$O!"I8=`F~NO$+$iF@$i$l(B
$B$?9T$r!"$=$N;XDj$5$l$?%[%9%H>e$N%]!<%HHV9f$GF0:n$7$F$$$k%5!<%P$KBP$7$F(B
$BAw$k!#%5!<%P$O!"(B $BF1$8$b$N$rAw$jJV$7$F$/$k$N$G!"$=$l$r
    



    echo-server-udp.c
    

UDP/IP $B$N%]!<%HHV9f(B 7 (echo) $B$G$O!"
   1:	
   2:	/*
   3:	        echo-server-udp.c -- $BJ8;zNs$rAw


TCP$BHG$N(Becho $B%5!<%S%9$N%5!<%P(B

$B$HF1MM$K!"(B

$B0z?t$H$7$F!"%]!<%HHV9f$re$N$h$&$K(B 
UID $B$+$i@8@.$9$kJ}K!$O!"0lHLE*$G$O$J$$!#!JC^GHBg3X>pJs3XN`$N%7%9%F%`$G(B
$B$O$&$^$/F/$/!#!K(B


    


      34:	#define BUFFERSIZE      1024
  35:	
  36:	void
  37:	echo_server_udp( int portno )
  38:	{
  39:	    int s, rcount, scount, addrlen ;
  40:	    struct sockaddr_storage addr ;
  41:	    char buffer[BUFFERSIZE];
  42:	
  43:	        s = udp_port_bind( portno );
  44:	        if( s<0 )
  45:	            exit( -1 );
  46:	        printf("my port is "); sockname_print( s ); printf("\n");
  47:	
  48:	        while( 1 )
  49:	        {
  50:	            addrlen = sizeof( addr );
  51:	            rcount = recvfrom( s, buffer, BUFFERSIZE, 0,
  52:	                               (struct sockaddr *)&addr, &addrlen );
  53:	            if( rcount < 0 )
  54:	            {
  55:	                perror("recvfrom()");
  56:	                exit( 1 );
  57:	            }
  58:	            buffer[rcount] = 0 ;
  59:	            printf("received %d bytes [%s] from ",rcount, buffer );
  60:	            sockaddr_print( (struct sockaddr *)&addr,addrlen ); printf("\n");
  61:	
  62:	            printf("sending back [%s] (%d bytes) to ", buffer, rcount );
  63:	            sockaddr_print( (struct sockaddr *)&addr,addrlen ); printf("\n");
  64:	            scount=sendto( s, buffer, rcount, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, addrlen );
  65:	            if( scount!= rcount )
  66:	            {
  67:	                perror("sendto()");
  68:	                exit( 1 );
  69:	            }
  70:	        }
  71:	}
  72:	


    


udp_port_bind() $B$O!"0z?t$GM?$($i$l$?%]!<%HHV9f$r;H$C$F(BUDP/IP $B$N%]!<%H(B
$B$r:n@.$7!"$=$N%U%!%$%k5-=R;R(B($B%=%1%C%H(B)$B$rJV$9!#(Bsockname_print() $B$O!"$=(B
$B$N%"%I%l%9(B(IP$B%"%I%l%9$H%]!<%HHV9f(B)$B$rI=<($9$k!#(B

TCP/IP $B$H$O0[$J$j!"$3$N%]!<%H$O!"$=$N$^$^DL?.$K;H$&$3$H$,$G$-$k!#(B
$B5U$K!"(Baccept() $B$O;H$&$3$H$O$G$-$J$$!#(B


    

$B%5!<%P$N%W%m%0%i%`$NFCD'$O!"FbIt$KL58B%k!<%W$r;}$C$F$$$k$3$H$G$"$k!#(B
$B%5!<%P$O!"IaDL$N>uBV$G$O!"=*N;$7$J$$!#(B



    

$B$3$N%5!<%P$O!"(Bfork() $B$7$J$$!#%5!<%S%9$NFbMF$,4JC1$G$"$j!"(Bsendto() $B%7%9(B
$B%F%`%3!<%k$G%V%m%C%/$9$k$3$H$b$J$$$+$i$G$"$k!#%5!<%S%9$,=E$?$$;~$K$O!"(B
$BB>$N%/%i%$%"%s%H$+$i$N=hM}$rJBNs$K?J$a$k$?$a$K!";R%W%m%;%9$r:n$k$3$H2D(B
$BG=$G$"$k!#(B


    


      73:	int
  74:	udp_port_bind( int portno )
  75:	{
  76:	    struct sockaddr_in addr ;
  77:	    int addr_len ;
  78:	    int s ;
  79:	
  80:	        if( (s = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) < 0 )
  81:	        {
  82:	            perror("socket");
  83:	            return( -1 );
  84:	        }
  85:	
  86:	        memset( &addr, 0, sizeof(addr) );
  87:	        addr.sin_family = AF_INET ;
  88:	        addr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY ;
  89:	        addr.sin_port = htons( portno );
  90:	
  91:	        if( bind(s,(struct sockaddr *)&addr,sizeof(addr)) < 0 )
  92:	        {
  93:	            perror("bind");
  94:	            fprintf(stderr,"port number %d is already used. wait a moment or kill another program.\n", portno );
  95:	            return( -1 );
  96:	        }
  97:	        return( s );
  98:	}
  99:	
...
 102:	sockaddr_print( struct sockaddr *addrp, int addr_len )
...
 113:	sockname_print( int s )


    


udp_port_bind() $B$O!"%5!<%PMQ$K!"%]!<%HHV9f$r8GDj$7$?(B
UDP/IP $B$N%]!<%H$r:n@.$9$k!#(B
$B%/%i%$%"%s%HB&(B$B$H$N0c$$$O!"(B
bind() $B%7%9%F%`%3!<%k$r;H$C$F$$$kE@$K$"$k!#(B


    

bind() $B%7%9%F%`%3!<%k$N0z?t$O!"(B

TCP$BHG$N(Becho $B%5!<%S%9$N%5!<%P(B

$B$HF1$8$G$"$k!#(B

$B%=%1%C%H$,:n@.$G$-$?$i!"(Bbind() $B%7%9%F%`%3!<%k$G!"%5!<%PB&$GMxMQ$9$k%"(B
$B%I%l%9(B(IP$B%"%I%l%9$H%]!<%HHV9f(B)$B$r@_Dj$9$k!#(BIP $B%"%I%l%9$O!"IaDL$O!"(B
INADDR_ANY $B$r;XDj$9$k!#J#?t$N(B IP $B%"%I%l%9$,$"$k;~$K$O!"$I$l$KMW5a$,Mh(B
$B$F$b
    

$B%]!<%HHV9f$O!"0z?t$GM?$($i$l$?$b$N$r!"(Bhtons() $B$G%M%C%H%o!<%/!&%P%$%H%*!<(B
$B%@$KJQ49$7$FM?$($k!#(B


    

listen() $B%7%9%F%`%3!<%k$O!"(BUDP/IP $B$G$O;H$o$l$J$$!#(B

$BMW5a!"$9$J$o$A!"%G!<%?$,BgNL$KAw$i$l!"%5!<%P$,=hM}$G$-$J$$;~$K$O!"!JIa(B
$BDL$O8E$$$b$N$+$i=g$K!K
    

$B
    

$B%5!<%P$O!"=*N;$7$J$$$N$G!":G8e$K!"(B^C $B$r2!$7$F!"3d$j9~$_$r3]$1(B
$B$F=*N;$5$;$k!#(B


    
$BCm0U!'A40w$,F1$8%3%s%T%e!<%?$G%]!<%HHV9f(B 1231 $B$r;H$&$H%W%m%0%i%`$,F0$+$J$$$3$H$,$"$k!#(B

    



    % ./echo-server-udp 1231 [$B
my port is 0.0.0.0:1231
received 6 bytes [hello
] from 127.0.0.1:33042
sending back [hello
] (6 bytes) to 127.0.0.1:33042
received 7 bytes [world!
] from 127.0.0.1:33042
sending back [world!
] (7 bytes) to 127.0.0.1:33042
received 4 bytes [aaa
] from 130.158.86.28:33015
sending back [aaa
] (4 bytes) to 130.158.86.28:33015
received 4 bytes [133
] from 130.158.86.28:33015
sending back [133
] (4 bytes) to 130.158.86.28:33015
^C
% []

    


$B%5!<%PB&$G$O!"(Bbind() $B$r$D$+$C$F$$$k$N$G!":G=i$+$i%]!<%HHV9f$,8GDj$5$l(B
$B$F$$$k$3$H$,$o$+$k!#(B



    $B%f!<%6$H%0%k!<%W(B
    


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32$B%S%C%H(B)$B$GI=$9!#$3$N?t$r(B

UID(user ID, user identifier)

$B$H$$$&!#(B


    

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    $B%0%k!<%W(B
    

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(Linux$B$G$O(B32$B%S%C%H(B)$B$GI=$9!#$3$N?t$r(B

GID(group ID, group identifier)

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    $B%U%!%$%k$NB0@-$H(Bls -l
    

$B%U%!%$%k$K$O!"FbMF$NB>$KB0@-(B(attribute)$B$,$"$k!#%U%!%$%k$NB0@-$O!"(Bls -l 
$B$GI=<($5$l$k!#(B


    % ls -l proc-uid-print.c [$B
-rw-r--r--    1 yas      lab          1769 Jun 16 22:37 proc-uid-print.c
% []

    


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$B$K$"$k%U%!%$%kL>A0$rJQ99$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$k!#(B


    

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Unix $B$G$O!"LZ9=B$$rMQ$$$F%U%!%$%k$KL>A0$rIU$1$k!#(B
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    $B=jM-
    

ls -l $B$NI=<($NCf$G!":8$+$i(B3$BHVL\$N8G$^$jI=<($5$l$k$N$,!"%U%!%$%k$d%G%#(B
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$B$G$"$k!#(B


    

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UNIX$B$G$OJ#?t$N%f!<%6$,B0$9(B
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    $BBg$-$5(B
    

ls -l $B$N#5HVL\$N7e$O!"(B

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     $B%U%!%$%k$N!VFbMF!W$,:G8e$K%"%/%;%9!JFI$_9~$_!K$5$l$?;~9o!#(B
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     $B:G=*99?7;~9o(B (the modification time)

    

$B%U%!%$%k$N!VFbMF!W$,:G8e$KJQ99!J=q$-9~$_!K$5$l$?;~9o!#(B
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    •  $B%b!<%I(B(chmod $B%3%^%s%I!"(Bchmod $B%7%9%F%`%3!<%k(B)
    
    •  $B=jM- $B%0%k!<%W(B(chgrp $B%3%^%s%I!"(Bchown $B%7%9%F%`%3!<%k(B)
    
    •  $B:G=*99?7;~9o$H:G=*%"%/%;%9;~9o(B(touch $B%3%^%s%I!"(Butime $B%7%9%F%`%3!<%k(B)

    

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$B
   1:	/*
   2:	        ystat.c -- stat $B%7%9%F%`!&%3!<%k$N%7%'%k!&%$%s%?%U%'!<%9(B
   3:	        ~yas/syspro/file/ystat.c
   4:	        Created on: 1995/03/07 20:59:12
   5:	*/
   6:	
   7:	#include <sys/types.h>          /* stat(2) */
   8:	#include <sys/stat.h>           /* stat(2) */
   9:	#include <sys/sysmacros.h>      /* major(), minor() */
  10:	#include <stdio.h>
  11:	
  12:	extern  void stat_print( char *path );
  13:	
  14:	main( int argc, char *argv[] )
  15:	{
  16:	        if( argc != 2 )
  17:	        {
  18:	            fprintf( stderr,"Usage:%% %s filename \n",argv[0] );
  19:	            exit( 1 );
  20:	        }
  21:	        stat_print( argv[1] );
  22:	}
  23:	
  24:	void
  25:	stat_print( char *path )
  26:	{
  27:	    struct stat buf ;
  28:	        if( stat( path,&buf ) == -1 )
  29:	        {
  30:	            perror( path );
  31:	            exit( 1 );
  32:	        }
  33:	
  34:	        printf("path: %s\n",path );
  35:	        printf("dev: %d,%d\n",major(buf.st_dev),minor(buf.st_dev) );
  36:	        printf("ino: %d\n",buf.st_ino );
  37:	        printf("mode: 0%o\n",buf.st_mode );
  38:	        printf("nlink: %d\n",buf.st_nlink );
  39:	        printf("uid: %d\n",buf.st_uid );
  40:	        printf("gid: %d\n",buf.st_gid );
  41:	        printf("rdev: %d,%d\n",major(buf.st_rdev),minor(buf.st_rdev) );
  42:	        printf("size: %d\n",buf.st_size );
  43:	        printf("blksize: %d\n",buf.st_blksize );
  44:	        printf("blocks: %d\n",buf.st_blocks );
  45:	        printf("atime: %s",ctime(&buf.st_atime) );
  46:	        printf("mtime: %s",ctime(&buf.st_mtime) );
  47:	        printf("ctime: %s",ctime(&buf.st_ctime) );
  48:	}

    stat() $B%7%9%F%`%3!<%k$O!"0z?t$H$7$F!"%U%!%$%kL>!J%U%!%$%k$d%G%#%l%/%H(B $B%j$NL>A0!"%Q%9L>!K$H!"(Bstruct stat $B$N%]%$%s%?$r % man 2 stat [$B STAT(2) System calls STAT(2) NAME stat, fstat, lstat - get file status SYNOPSIS #include #include #include int stat(const char *file_name, struct stat *buf); int fstat(int filedes, struct stat *buf); int lstat(const char *file_name, struct stat *buf); DESCRIPTION ... They all return a stat structure, which contains the fol- lowing fields: struct stat { dev_t st_dev; /* device */ ino_t st_ino; /* inode */ mode_t st_mode; /* protection */ nlink_t st_nlink; /* number of hard links */ uid_t st_uid; /* user ID of owner */ gid_t st_gid; /* group ID of owner */ dev_t st_rdev; /* device type (if inode device) */ off_t st_size; /* total size, in bytes */ unsigned long st_blksize; /* blocksize for filesystem I/O */ unsigned long st_blocks; /* number of blocks allocated */ time_t st_atime; /* time of last access */ time_t st_mtime; /* time of last modification */ time_t st_ctime; /* time of last change */ }; ... $B$3$N9=B$BN$r;H$&8B$j!"0\?"@-$,$"$k(B(portable)$B%W%m%0%i%`$,=q$1$k!#/$7J#;($J9=B$$r$7$F$$$k$3$H$,$"$k!#$?$H$($P!"(BLinux $B$G$O!"(B/usr/include/bits/stat.h $B$KDj5A$,$"$k!#(B 

    % cp ~yas/syspro/file/ystat.c . [$B
% make ystat [$B
cc     ystat.c   -o ystat
% ./ystat ystat.c [$B
path: ystat.c
dev: 0,9
ino: 81494554
mode: 0100644
nlink: 1
uid: 1013
gid: 40
rdev: 0,0
size: 1183
blksize: 4096
blocks: 8
atime: Sat Jun 11 19:19:38 2005
mtime: Sat Jun 11 19:17:58 2005
ctime: Sat Jun 11 19:17:58 2005
% []
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    #define S_IFMT          0xF000  /* type of file */
#define S_IFIFO         0x1000  /* fifo */
#define S_IFCHR         0x2000  /* character special */
#define S_IFDIR         0x4000  /* directory */
#define S_IFBLK         0x6000  /* block special */
#define S_IFREG         0x8000  /* regular */
#define S_IFLNK         0xA000  /* symbolic link */
#define S_IFSOCK        0xC000  /* socket */


#define S_ISFIFO(mode)  ((mode&S_IFMT) == S_IFIFO)
#define S_ISCHR(mode)   ((mode&S_IFMT) == S_IFCHR)
#define S_ISDIR(mode)   ((mode&S_IFMT) == S_IFDIR)
#define S_ISBLK(mode)   ((mode&S_IFMT) == S_IFBLK)
#define S_ISREG(mode)   ((mode&S_IFMT) == S_IFREG)
#define S_ISLNK(m)      (((m) & S_IFMT) == S_IFLNK)
#define S_ISSOCK(m)     (((m) & S_IFMT) == S_IFSOCK)
    $B%W%m%0%i%`Cf$G$O!" struct stat buf ; stat( path, &buf ); switch( buf.st_mode & S_IFMT ) { case S_IFREG: $B%U%!%$%k$N;~$N=hM}(B; break; case S_IFDIR: ... $B%G%#%l%/%H%j$N;~$N=hM}(B; break; .... } $B$"$k$$$O!"(B<sys/stat.h> $B$K4^$^$l$F$$$k(B S_ISREG(), S_ISDIR() $B$H$$$&%^%/%m$rMQ$$$F!" struct stat buf ; stat( path, &buf ); if( S_ISREG(buf.st_mode) ) { $B%U%!%$%k$N;~$N=hM}(B; } else if( S_ISDIR(buf.st_mode) ) { $B%G%#%l%/%H%j$N;~$N=hM}(B; }

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       1:	/*
   2:	        proc-uid-print.c -- $B8=:_$N%W%m%;%9$N(BUID$B$rI=<($9$k%W%m%0%i%`!#(B
   3:	        ~yas/syspro/proc/proc-uid-print.c
   4:	        Created on: 1998/05/18 23:20:16
   5:	*/
   6:	
   7:	#include <sys/types.h>  /* getuid(2) */
   8:	#include <unistd.h>     /* getuid(2) */
   9:	#include <pwd.h>        /* getpwuid(3) */
  10:	#include <grp.h>        /* getgrgid(3) */
  11:	
  12:	#if     0
  13:	
  14:	-------------------- /usr/include/bits/types.h: --------------------
  15:	...
  16:	typedef unsigned char __u_char;
  17:	typedef unsigned short __u_short;
  18:	typedef unsigned int __u_int;
  19:	typedef unsigned long __u_long;
  20:	...
  21:	typedef __u_int __uid_t;                /* Type of user identifications.  */
  22:	typedef __u_int __gid_t;                /* Type of group identifications.  */
  23:	...
  24:	
  25:	-------------------- /usr/include/sys/types.h: --------------------
  26:	#include <bits/types.h>
  27:	...
  28:	#ifndef __uid_t_defined
  29:	typedef __uid_t uid_t;
  30:	# define __uid_t_defined
  31:	#endif
  32:	...
  33:	#ifndef __gid_t_defined
  34:	typedef __gid_t gid_t;
  35:	# define __gid_t_defined
  36:	#endif
  37:	
  38:	-------------------- /usr/include/unistd.h: --------------------
  39:	/* Get the real user ID of the calling process.  */
  40:	extern __uid_t getuid (void) __THROW;
  41:	
  42:	#endif
  43:	
  44:	extern  char *uid2uname(uid_t uid);
  45:	extern  char *gid2gname(gid_t gid);
  46:	
  47:	main()
  48:	{
  49:	    uid_t uid ;
  50:	    gid_t gid ;
  51:	        uid = getuid();
  52:	        printf("uid==%u (%s)\n",uid,uid2uname(uid) );
  53:	        gid = getgid();
  54:	        printf("gid==%u (%s)\n",gid,gid2gname(gid) );
  55:	}
  56:	
  57:	char *
  58:	uid2uname(uid_t uid)
  59:	{
  60:	    struct passwd *pwd ;
  61:	        pwd = getpwuid( uid );
  62:	        if( pwd )
  63:	            return( pwd->pw_name );
  64:	        else
  65:	        {
  66:	             static char buf[100] ; /* must be static, bad for multithreading */
  67:	             snprintf(buf,sizeof(buf),"%d",uid );
  68:	             return( buf );
  69:	        }
  70:	}
  71:	
  72:	char *
  73:	gid2gname(gid_t gid)
  74:	{
  75:	    struct group *grp ;
  76:	        grp = getgrgid( gid );
  77:	        if( grp )
  78:	            return( grp->gr_name );
  79:	        else
  80:	        {
  81:	             static char buf[100] ; /* must be static, bad for multithreading */
  82:	             snprintf(buf,sizeof(buf),"%d",gid );
  83:	             return( buf );
  84:	        }
  85:	}
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    $BN}=,LdBj(B(62) Java$B$K$h$k(Becho-client-udp$B$N

    echo-client-udp.c $B$r(B Java $B$G=q$-D>$7$J$5$$!#(B

    $B%R%s%H!'(BDatagramSocket() $B$r;H$&!#(B

    $BN}=,LdBj(B(63) Java$B$K$h$k(Becho-server-udp$B$N

    echo-server-udp.c $B$r(B Java $B$G=q$-D>$7$J$5$$!#(B

    $BN}=,LdBj(B(64) UDP/IP$B$GAw$l$k%G!<%?$NBg$-$5$N>e8B(B

    UDP/IP $B$G$O!"0lEY$KAw$k$3$H$,$G$-$k%G!<%?$NBg$-$5$K$K$O!"e$N@)8B(B $B$,IU$$$F$$$k!#$3$l$,$$$/$D$+$rD4$Y$k%W%m%0%i%`$r:n$j$J$5$$!#(B

    $BN}=,LdBj(B(65) udprelay

    UDP/IP $B$N%G!<%?$rCf7Q$9$k$h$&$J%W%m%0%i%`$r:n$j$J$5$$!#(B $BC1J}8~$@$1$G$J$/!"APJ}8~$GCf7Q$9$k$h$&$K$7$J$5$$!#(B

    $B$3$N$h$&$J%W%m%0%i%`$NNc$H$7$F!"(Budprelay $B$H8F$P$l$k%W%m%0%i%`$,$"$k!#(B

    $BN}=,LdBj(B(66) UDP/IP$B$G$N%"%/%;%9@)8f(B

    UDP/IP $B$N%5!<%P!"$^$?$O!"Cf7Q%W%m%0%i%`$G!"%/%i%$%"%s%H$N(B IP $B%"%I%l%9(B $B$K$h$C$F%"%/%;%9$r5v$7$?$j%(%i!<$rH/@8$5$;$?$j$7$J$5$$!#(B

    $BN}=,LdBj(B(67) UDP/IP$B$K$h$k%5!<%S%9$NMxMQ(B

    $B
    daytime (13, Daytime Protocol)
    rfc867.txt
    time (37, Time Protocol)
    rfc868.txt
    NTP (123, Network Time Protocol)
    rfc1305.tx
    DNS (53, Domain Name System)
    rfc1034.txt, rfc1035.txt $B$=$l$>$l$N%W%m%H%3%k$G$O!"
    daytime, time
    adonis1-adonis45, azalea1-azalea45, localhost
    NTP
    orchid-a
    DNS
    orchid-a, orchid-b

    $BN}=,LdBj(B(68) id$B%3%^%s%I(B

    id $B%3%^%s%I$H;w$?$h$&$JF0$-$r$9$k%3%^%s%I$r:n$j$J$5$$!#(Bid $B%3%^%s%I$O!"(B $B % id [$B uid=1013(yas) gid=40(lab) groups=40(lab),510(softadm),500(jikken3) % [] $B$3$3$G!"(Buid $B$O!"(Bgetuid()$B!"(B gid $B$O!"(Bgetgid()$B!"(Bgroups $B$O!"(Bgetgroups() $B%7(B $B%9%F%`%3!<%k$N7k2L$G$"$k!#(Bgetgroups() $B$G$O!"J#?t$N(B GID $B$,JV$5$l$k!#(B

    $BN}=,LdBj(B(69) ls-l$B%W%m%0%i%`(B

    stat() $B%7%9%F%`!&%3!<%k$rMQ$$$F(B ls -l filename $B$H;w$?$h$&$J7k2L$r=PNO(B $B$9$k%W%m%0%i%`$r:n$j$J$5$$!#$3$N%W%m%0%i%`$NL>A0$r(B myls-l $B$H$9$k!#(B

    ls -l $B$G$O!"#3$D$N;~9o$N$&$A!"$I$N;~9o$,I=<($5$l$F$$$k$N$+$rD4$Y$J$5$$!#(B $B$^$?!"B>$N#2$D$N;~9o$rI=<($5$;$kJ}K!$rD4$Y$J$5$$!#(B

    myls-l $B$N7k2L$NI=<(7A<0$O!"(Bls -l $B$H40A4$K0lCW$7$J$/$F$b$h$$!#$?$H$($P!"(B $B;~9o$NI=<($O!">e$N(B ystat.c $B$N7k2L$HF1$8$G$b$h$$!#%U%!%$%kL>$r@h$K!"(B $B;~9o$r8e$KI=<($7$F$b$h$$!#(B

    $B;~9o$N07$$$N2s(B $B$G>R2p$7$?(Blocaltime() $B$d(B strftime() $B%i%$%V%i%j4X?t$rMxMQ$9$k$H!";~9o$N(B $BI=<($r$h$j4JC1$K(B ls -l $B$NI=<($K6a$E$1$k$3$H$,$G$-$k!#(B

    uid (st_uid) $B$K$D$$$F$O!"(Bls -l $B$G$O!"%f!<%6L>!J%m%0%$%sL>!K$GI=<($5$l(B $B$k!#$3$N2]Bj$G$O!"%f!<%6$d%0%k!<%W$O!"?t;z$N$^$^I=<($7$F$b$h$$!#(B proc-uid-print.c $B$K$"$k(B uid2uname(), gid2gname() $B$rMxMQ$9$l$P!"(B $B?t;z$G$O$J$/J8;zNs$GI=<($9$k$3$H$,$G$-$k!#(B

    $B%W%m%0%i%`$N0z?t$H$J$k%U%!%$%k$N?t$O!"#18D$H$9$k!#J#?t$N%U%!%$%k$K$D$$(B $B$F!"(Bls -l $B$HF1MM$NI=<($r$9$k$h$&$K3HD%$7$F$b$h$$!#(B

    $BIaDL$N%U%!%$%k(B($B!V(B-$B!W(B)$B$H%G%#%l%/%H%j(B($B!V(Bd$B!W(B)$B$rI,$:07$($k$h$&$K$9$k!#$=$l(B $B0J30$N7?$N%U%!%$%k$K$D$$$F$O!"07$($J$/$F$b$h$$!#(B

    $B0z?t$H$7$F%G%#%l%/%H%j$NL>A0$,M?$($i$l$?>l9g$K$b!"%G%#%l%/%H%j$NFbMF$G(B $B$O$J$/%G%#%l%/%H%j<+?H$NB0@-$rI=<($9$k!#%7%s%\%j%C%/!&%j%s%/$K$OBP1~$7(B $B$J$/$F$b$h$$!#!J$h$C$F@53N$K$O!"(Bls -l filename $B$G$O$J$/!"(Bls -ldL filename $B$G$"$k!#!K(B

    $BM>M5$,$"$l$P!"(Blstat() $B$H(B readlink() $B$N!"#2$D$N%7%9%F%`!&%3!<%k$rMQ$$$F!"(B ls -l $B$HF1$8$h$&$K%7%s%\%j%C%/!&%j%s%/$NFbMF$rI=<($7$J$5$$!#(B

    $B%R%s%H!'(Bstruct stat $B$N(B st_mode $B$+$i(B rwxrwxrwx $B$NI=<($rF@$k$K$O!"$$$/$D(B $B$b$NJ}K!$,$"$k!#$?$H$($P!"#3%S%C%H$:$DI=<($9$k4X?t$r#32s7+$jJV$9J}K!$,(B $B$"$k!#(B 

       print_rwx( st_mode$B$N(B8$B%S%C%HL\$+$i(B6$B%S%C%HL\$r

$BFCDj$N%S%C%H$r
    
$B$=$N30$K!"(BS_IRUSR, S_IWUSR $B$J$I$N%^%/%m$r;H$&J}K!$,$"$k!#(B

       if( mode & S_IRUSR )
      printf("r");
   else
      printf("-");
   if( mode & S_IWUSR )
      printf("w");
...

    

$BMxMQ2DG=$J%^%/%m$K$D$$$F$O!"(B2 $B>O$N(B stat (man 2 stat) $B$r8+$J$5$$!#(B


    


    $BN}=,LdBj(B(70) chmod $B%W%m%0%i%`(B
    

$B%U%!%$%k$N%b!<%I$rJQ99$9$k%3%^%s%I(B chmod $B$K;w$?%3%^%s%I$r:n$j$J$5$$!#(B


    % mychmod 755 filename [$B

    


$B%b!<%I$O!"#8?J?t$GM?$($k$b$N$H$9$k!#0z?t$H$7$F$O!"#1$D$@$1$G$h$$!#(B


    $BN}=,LdBj(B(71) touch $B%W%m%0%i%`(B
    

$B%U%!%$%k$N;~9o$rJQ99$9$k%3%^%s%I(B touch $B$K;w$?%3%^%s%I$r:n$j$J$5$$!#(B


    % mytouch filename [$B

    


$B$3$N7k2L!"%U%!%$%k$N:G=*99?7;~9o$,8=:_$N;~9o$K$J$k!#(B


    

$B%R%s%H!'(Btime(2) $B$H(B utime(2) $B$r;H$&!#(B


    


    $BN}=,LdBj(B(72) $B>r7o%3%T!<(B
    

$B%U%!%$%k$,99?7$5$l$F$$$?;~$@$1%3%T!<$9$k$h$&$J%W%m%0%i%`$r:n$j$J$5$$!#(B


    

$B%R%s%H!'(Bstat(2)$B%7%9%F%`%3!<%k$G!"%3%T!<85%U%!%$%k$H%3%T!<@h%U%!%$%k:G(B
$B=*99?7;~9o$rD4$Y$k!#$b$7!"A0$BN}=,LdBj(B(73) $BB0@-$^$G4^$s$@%3%T!<(B

cp -p (Preserve) $B$HF1$8$h$&$K!"%U%!%$%k$NFbMF$K2C$($F$$$/$D$+$NB0@-$r(B
$BJ]B8$7$J$,$i%U%!%$%k$r%3%T!<$9$k%W%m%0%i%`$r$D$/$j$J$5$$!#(B


    

$B$3$N2]Bj$G$O!"

  •  $B:G=*%"%/%;%9;~9o(B atime

  •  $B:G=*99?7;~9o(B mtime

  •  $B%b!<%I(B


UID (owner) $B$d(B GID $B$K$D$$$F$O!"J]B8$7$J$/$F$b$h$$!#(BUID $B$NJ]B8$O!"(B
$B%9!<%Q!<%f!<%6(B$B$7$+$G$-$J$$!#(B

$B%9!<%Q!<%f!<%6$,
    

$B%3%T!<$9$k;~$K!"FbMF$r%3%T!<$7$?8e$K!"%3%T!<85$N%U%!%$%k$K(B stat() $B$r
    




    
Last updated: 2005/06/25 00:49:04
 
    

     Yasushi Shinjo / <yas@is.tsukuba.ac.jp>