NZ618939B2 - Processes and intermediates for preparing anti-hiv agents - Google Patents
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- NZ618939B2 NZ618939B2 NZ618939A NZ61893912A NZ618939B2 NZ 618939 B2 NZ618939 B2 NZ 618939B2 NZ 618939 A NZ618939 A NZ 618939A NZ 61893912 A NZ61893912 A NZ 61893912A NZ 618939 B2 NZ618939 B2 NZ 618939B2
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/66—Phosphorus compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D473/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing purine ring systems
- C07D473/26—Heterocyclic compounds containing purine ring systems with an oxygen, sulphur, or nitrogen atom directly attached in position 2 or 6, but not in both
- C07D473/32—Nitrogen atom
- C07D473/34—Nitrogen atom attached in position 6, e.g. adenine
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
- C07F9/38—Phosphonic acids [RP(=O)(OH)2]; Thiophosphonic acids ; [RP(=X1)(X2H)2(X1, X2 are each independently O, S or Se)]
- C07F9/40—Esters thereof
- C07F9/4071—Esters thereof the ester moiety containing a substituent or a structure which is considered as characteristic
- C07F9/4075—Esters with hydroxyalkyl compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
- C07F9/38—Phosphonic acids [RP(=O)(OH)2]; Thiophosphonic acids ; [RP(=X1)(X2H)2(X1, X2 are each independently O, S or Se)]
- C07F9/44—Amides thereof
- C07F9/4434—Amides thereof the ester moiety containing a substituent or a structure which is considered as characteristic
- C07F9/4449—Esters with hydroxyaryl compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
- C07F9/6561—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom containing systems of two or more relevant hetero rings condensed among themselves or condensed with a common carbocyclic ring or ring system, with or without other non-condensed hetero rings
- C07F9/65616—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom containing systems of two or more relevant hetero rings condensed among themselves or condensed with a common carbocyclic ring or ring system, with or without other non-condensed hetero rings containing the ring system having three or more than three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members, e.g. purine or analogs
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- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H19/00—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof
- C07H19/02—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof sharing nitrogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H19/00—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof
- C07H19/02—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof sharing nitrogen
- C07H19/04—Heterocyclic radicals containing only nitrogen atoms as ring hetero atom
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H19/00—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof
- C07H19/02—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof sharing nitrogen
- C07H19/04—Heterocyclic radicals containing only nitrogen atoms as ring hetero atom
- C07H19/16—Purine radicals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H19/00—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof
- C07H19/02—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof sharing nitrogen
- C07H19/04—Heterocyclic radicals containing only nitrogen atoms as ring hetero atom
- C07H19/16—Purine radicals
- C07H19/173—Purine radicals with 2-deoxyribosyl as the saccharide radical
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H19/00—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof
- C07H19/02—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof sharing nitrogen
- C07H19/04—Heterocyclic radicals containing only nitrogen atoms as ring hetero atom
- C07H19/16—Purine radicals
- C07H19/20—Purine radicals with the saccharide radical esterified by phosphoric or polyphosphoric acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H23/00—Compounds containing boron, silicon or a metal, e.g. chelates or vitamin B12
Abstract
Disclosed are processes for the preparation of compounds having useful anti-HIV properties. Also disclosed are intermediates used in these processes.
Description
WO 20121159047
PROCESSES AND INTERMEDIATES FOR
PREPARING ANTI-HIV AGENTS
Cross Reference to Related Application
This patent application claims the benefit of priority of U.S. application serial No.
61/488,133 filed May 19,2011, which application is hereby incorporated by reference.
Background of the Invention
International Patent Application Publication Number WO 20061110157 and International
Patent Application Publication Number WO 20061015261 provide phosphonamidate derivatives
of (2R' ,5R')(3-tluoro-2,5-dihydro phosphonomethoxyfuranyl)adenine that are reported
to be useful as anti-HIV agents. Compound 13 is one such derivative.
International Patent Application Publication Number provides salt
forms of compound 13 including the citrate salt (compound 14) which are also reported to be
useful as anti-HIV agents.
There is currently a need for improved methods for preparing certain compounds reported
in International Patent Application Publication Numbers ,
and . In particular, there is a need for new synthetic methods that are simpler or
Jess expensive to carry out, that provide an increased yield, or that eliminate the use of toxic or
costly reagents.
Summary of the Invention
The present invention provides new synthetic processes and synthetic intermediates that
are useful for preparing the compound offormula 13 or salts or s~ereoisomers thereof. The present
WO 20121159047
invention also provides new synthetic processes and synthetic intermediates that are useful for
preparing additional compounds reported in International Patent Application Publication
Numbers , , WO 20101005986, W02002008241 and United
States Patent Number 7390791.
Accordingly, in one embodiment, the invention provides a method for preparing a
compound of formula 13b:
H ° FN
EtO C N-~ 0. ~NH2
2 Y I ,-/0,(-1' Ny \~I
PhO '-=\ N~N
or a salt thereof, comprising converting a compound of formula 12b:
or a salt thereof, to the compound of formula 13b or the salt thereof, wherein each R4 is
independently (C -C )alkyl, (C -C )cycloalkyl or aryl, wherein any (C3-C7)cycloalkyl or aryl is
l 6 3 7
optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1,2 or 3) (C -C )alkyl groups.
In another embodiment the invention provides a method of preparing a compound of
formula4a:
r NHR1
R10~NO
R 6 F
or a salt thereof, comprising reacting a corresponding compound of formula 2a:
-----(0yBr
R 0 . )--\
R'd F
with a corresponding compound of formula 3a:
WO 20121159047
or a salt thereof, to provide the compound of formula 4a or the salt thereof, wherein each R I is
independently -C(=O)(C -C )alkyl, -C(=O)(C3-C7)cycloalkyl or -C(=O)aryl, wherein
-C(=O)(C -C )cycloalkyl or -C(=O)aryl is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1,2 or 3)
(C -C )alkyl groups; and provided the compound of formula 3a is not a sodium salt of3a when the
R I group of the compound of formula 3a is benzoyl.
In another embodiment the invention provides a method of preparing a compound of
formula 5a:
FN NHR1
HO~Nb
HO F
or a salt thereof, comprising converting a corresponding compound of formula 4a:
r NHR1
R'O~NtJ
R d F
or a salt thereof, to the compound of formula 5a or the salt thereof, wherein each RI is
independently -C(=O)(C -C )alkyl, -C(=O)(C3-C7)cycloalkyl or -C(=O)aryl, wherein -C(=O)aryl
or -C(=O)(C -C )cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1,2 or 3) (C -C )alkyl
3 7 1 6
groups.
In another embodiment the invention provides a method of preparing a compound of
formula 7a:
r=N NHR'
HO~N~
R SiO F
or a salt thereof, comprising converting a corresponding compound of formula 5a:
r NHR'
HO~N'b
HO F
WO 20121159047
or a salt thereof, to the compound offormula 7a or the salt thereof, wherein RI is
-C(=O)(C -C )alkyl, -C(=O)(C3-C7)cycloalkyl or -C(=O)aryl, wherein -C(=O)(C C )cycloalkyl
1 6 7
or -C(=O)aryl is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1,2 or 3) (C -C )alkyl groups; and
each R2 is independently aryl or (C -C )alkyl, wherein aryl is optionally substituted with one or
more (e.g. 1,2 or 3) (C -C )alkyl groups.
In another embodiment the invention provides a method of preparing a compound of
formula 9:
o 0 :=~/NH2
HO '(' ~.
~ ,.' N~N
HO F
or a salt thereof, comprising converting a compound of formula 7a:
~N NHR1
HO~N'b
R SiO F
or a salt thereof, to the compound of formula 9 or the salt thereof, wherein R' is
-C(=O)(C -C )alkyl, -C(:=Q)(C -C )cycloalkyl or -C(=O)aryl, wherein -C(=O)aryl
or -C(=O)(C3-C7)cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1,2 or 3) (CI-C6)alkyl
groups; and each R2 is independently aryl or (C,-C6)alkyl, wherein aryl is optionally substituted
with one or more (e.g. 1,2 or 3) (CI-C6)alkyl groups.
In another embodiment the invention provides a method of preparing a compound of
formula 10a:
or a salt thereof, comprising converting a compound of formula 9:
o 0 :=~/NH2
HO y ~.
,,' N~N
HO F
WO 20121159047
or a salt thereof, to the compound of formula lOa or the salt thereof, wherein each R4 is
independently (C)-C )alkyl, (C -C )cycloalkyl or aryl, wherein aryl or (C -C )cycloalkyl is
6 3 7 3 7
optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1,2 or 3) (C\-C )alkyl groups.
In another embodiment the invention provides a method of preparing a compound of
formula 11 b:
or a salt thereof, comprising converting a corresponding compound of formula lOa:
or a salt thereof, to the compound of formula 11 b or the salt thereof, wherein, R3 is I, RSSe or RSS
and each R4 and R is independently (C -C )alkyl, (C -C )cycloalkyl or aryl, wherein aryl or
1 6 3 7
(C -C )cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1,2 or 3) (C)-C )alkyl groups.
3 7 6
In another embodiment the invention provides a method of preparing a compound of
formula 12b:
or a salt thereof, comprising converting a corresponding compound of formula 11 b:
H 0 FN N
Et02C'r"'"N-~ 0 0 N ~ ~PR43
I r I '-./ Y-Y Y \~I
PhO ~,~ N~N
R3 F
or a salt thereof, to the compound of formula 12b or the salt thereof, wherein R3 is I, RSSe or RSS
and each R4 and R is independently (Cl-C6)a1kyl, (C3-C )cycloalkyl or aryl, wherein aryl or
(C -C )cyc1oalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1,2 or 3) (C -C )alkyl groups.
3 7 1 6
In another embodiment the invention provides a method of preparing a compound of
formula 16:
WO 20121159047
II OBn
PhO ...... pJ
comprising converting a compound of fonnula 15:
PhO-P-H
to the compound offonnula 16, wherein Bn is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1,2
or 3) groups selected from (C -C )alkyl and -O(CI-C6)alkyl.
In one embodiment the invention provides a method of preparing a compound of fonnula
18b:
comprising converting a corresponding compound of fonnula 16:
~ OBn
PhO-pJ
to the compound of formula 18b, wherein Bn is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1,2
or 3) groups selected from (CI-C6)alkyl and -O(C -C )alkyl.
In another embodiment the invention provides a method of preparing a compound of
formula 19b:
Et02CIN __ ~ OH
I ""'--"'"
comprising converting a compound of formula ISb:
WO 20121159047
to the compound of formula 19b, wherein Bn is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2
or 3) groups selected from (C -C )alkyl and -O(CI-C )alkyl.
1 6 6
In another embodiment the invention provides a compound selected from:
II 08n
PhO-
wherein;
Bn is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1,2 or 3) groups selected from
(C -C )alkyl and -O(C -C6)alkyl;
each RI is independently -C(=O)(CI-C6)alkyl, -C(=O)(C -C )cycloalkyl or -C(=O)aryl,
wherein -C(=O)(C3-C7)cycloalkyl or -C(=O)aryl is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1,
2,3.4 or 5) (C -C6)alkyl groups;
each R2 is independently aryl or (CI-C6)alkyl, wherein aryl is optionally substituted with
one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3. 4 or 5) (C -C6)alkyl groups;
R3 is I, R S or R S;
each R4 is independently (C -C )alkyl, (C3-C7)cycloalkyl or aryl, wherein aryl or
(C -C )cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1,2,3.4 or 5) (C -C6)alkyl
3 7 1
groups; and
each R is independently (C -C )alkyl, (C -C )cycloalkyl or aryl, wherein aryl or
1 6 3 7
(C -C )cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3. 4 or 5) (C -C )alkyl
3 7 1 6
groups;
and salts thereof, which compounds are useful intermediates for preparing the
compounds of formula 13 or 13b or salts or stereoisomers thereof.
The invention also provides additional synthetic processes disclosed herein that are
useful for preparing the compounds of formula 13 and formula 13b as well as salts or
stereoisomers thereof.
The invention also provides a method of preparing a compound of formula 13b:
or a salt thereof, comprising converting a corresponding compound of formula 12b:
or a salt thereof, to the compound of formula 13b or the salt thereof, by treating the
compound of formula 12b with an acid;
wherein each R is independently (C -C )alkyl, (C -C )cycloalkyl or aryl, wherein any
1 6 3 7
(C -C )cycloalkyl or aryl is optionally substituted with one or more (C -C )alkyl groups.
3 7 1 6
The invention also provides a method of preparing a compound of formula 12b:
or a salt thereof, comprising converting a corresponding compound of formula 11b:
- 8A -
or a salt thereof, to the compound of formula 12b or the salt thereof, by treating the
compound of formula 11b with an oxidant;
3 5 5 4 5
wherein R is I, R Se or R S and each R or R is independently (C -C )alkyl,
(C -C )cycloalkyl or aryl, wherein aryl or (C -C )cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with
3 7 3 7
one or more (C -C )alkyl groups.
The invention also provides a method of preparing a compound of formula 13b:
or a salt thereof, comprising treating a compound of formula 10a:
with an etherification agent and a compound of formula 19b:
or a salt thereof, to provide a compound of formula 11b:
or a salt thereof;
- 8B -
treating the compound of formula 11b or the salt thereof with an oxidant to provide a
compound of 12b:
or a salt thereof; and
treating the compound of formula 12b with a deprotecting agent to provide the compound of
formula 13b or a salt thereof;
wherein each R is independently (C -C )alkyl, (C -C )cycloalkyl or aryl, wherein aryl or
1 6 3 7
(C -C )cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more (C -C )alkyl groups;
3 7 1 6
3 5 5
R is I, R Se or R S; and
each R is independently (C -C )alkyl, (C -C )cycloalkyl or aryl, wherein aryl or
1 6 3 7
(C -C )cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more (C -C )alkyl groups.
3 7 1 6
The invention also provides a method of preparing a compound of formula 11b:
or a salt thereof, comprising coupling a compound of formula 19b:
3 5 5 4 5
or a salt thereof, wherein R is I, R Se or R S and each R and R is independently
(C -C )alkyl, (C -C )cycloalkyl or aryl, wherein aryl or (C -C )cycloalkyl is optionally
1 6 3 7 3 7
substituted with one or more (C -C )alkyl groups, to a compound of formula 10a:
- 8C -
or a salt thereof, to provide the compound of formula 11b, or a salt thereof, wherein each R
is independently (C -C )alkyl, (C -C )cycloalkyl or aryl, wherein aryl or (C -C )cycloalkyl is
1 6 3 7 3 7
optionally substituted with one or more (C -C )alkyl groups.
The invention also provides a method of preparing a compound of formula 19b:
or a salt thereof, comprising converting a compound formula 18b:
to the compound of formula 19b, or a salt thereof, by treating the compound of formula 18b
with catalytic hydrogenation condition;
wherein Bn is optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group
consisting of (C -C )alkyl and -O(C -C )alkyl.
1 6 1 6
The invention also provides a compound selected from the group consisting of:
wherein Bn is optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group
consisting of (C -C )alkyl and -O(C -C )alkyl and W is a leaving group that can be displaced
1 6 1 6
by a nucleophile.
The invention also provides a method of preparing a compound of formula 21b:
or a salt thereof, comprising reacting compound of formula 20:
- 8D -
or a salt thereof, with a compound of formula 25b:
and a base, to provide the compound of formula 21b, wherein W is a leaving group that can
be displaced by a nucleophile.
The invention also provides a method of preparing a compound of formula 25b:
or a salt thereof, comprising converting a compound of formula 24b:
or a salt thereof, to the compound of formula 25b by treating the compound of formula 24b
with a halogenating agent or a sulfonating agent;wherein W is a halogen or sulfonate ester.
The invention also provides a compound selected from the group consisting of:
or a salt thereof, wherein Bn is optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected
from the group consisting of (C -C )alkyl and -O(C -C )alkyl; R is aryl optionally
1 6 1 6
- 8E -
substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of (C -C )alkyl
and -O(C -C )alkyl; R is (C -C )alkyl, (C -C )cycloalkyl, (C -C )cycloalkyl(C -C )alkyl-,
1 6 1 10 3 7 3 7 1 6
aryl(C -C )alkyl- or aryl; R is an amino acid sidechain; and W is a leaving group that can be
displaced by a nucleophile; and
wherein the compound of formula 31b is not .
The invention also provides a method of preparing a compound of formula 30b:
or a salt thereof, comprising converting a corresponding compound formula 28b:
or a salt thereof, to the compound of formula 30b or the salt thereof, by treating the
compound of formula 28b, or a salt thereof, with catalytic hydrogenation conditions;
wherein Bn is optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group
consisting of (C -C )alkyl and -O(C -C )alkyl; R is aryl optionally substituted with one or
1 6 1 6
more substituents selected from the group consisting of (C -C )alkyl and -O(C -C )alkyl; R
1 6 1 6
is (C -C )alkyl, (C -C )cycloalkyl, (C -C )cycloalkyl(C -C )alkyl-, aryl(C -C )alkyl- or
1 10 3 7 3 7 1 6 1 6
aryl; and R is an amino acid sidechain.
The invention also provides a method of preparing a compound of formula 31b:
or a salt thereof, comprising converting a corresponding compound formula 30b:
- 8F -
or a salt thereof, to the compound of formula 31b or the salt thereof, by treating the
compound of formula 30b with a halogenating agent or a sulfonating agent;
wherein R is aryl optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the
group consisting of (C -C )alkyl and -O(C -C )alkyl; R is (C -C )alkyl, (C -C )cycloalkyl,
1 6 1 6 1 10 3 7
(C -C )cycloalkyl(C -C )alkyl-, aryl(C -C )alkyl- or aryl; R is an amino acid sidechain; and
3 7 1 6 1 6
W is a halogen or sulfonate ester; and
wherein the compound of formula 31b is not .
The methods and intermediates described in the summary of the invention and
herein below, which are useful for preparing the compound of formula 13 or a salt thereof or
the compounds of formula 13b or salts thereof, represent a significant improvement over
previous methods. For example, the previously reported methods for the synthesis of the
compound of formula 13 required a late stage amination of a methoxy purine to provide the
corresponding amino purine which may introduce higher levels of undesirable side products.
This process led to lower overall yields of the final compound. The methods of the current
invention avoid this undesirable step as the amine functionality is introduced as part of the
purine core from the beginning of the synthesis. Previously reported methods also required
the isolation of the compound of formula 13 from a mixture of diastereomers by chiral
chromatography. This method of resolution is costly as specialized equipment and
significant amounts of production time and labor are needed to effectively remove the
undesired compound (e.g. about 50%) from the product mixture. Additionally, the use of
this method of resolution of diastereomers in the final stage of a synthetic process is
inherently inefficient and undesirable because the overall process transformation yield (i.e.
maximum 50%) is severely impacted. The present synthesis does not require such an
isolation step as the synthesis described herein utilizes a selected, stereo-defined chiral
phosphonamidate (e.g. compound 19) that provides compound 13 as a single diasteromer. In
addition, literature methods for the synthesis of compound 4a from compound 1a and 3a
(wherein all of the protecting groups are benzoyl) utilized the sodium salt of compound 3a.
In contrast, the present invention describes the synthesis of compound of 4a from compound
3a which does not utilize the sodium salt of compound 3a. This modification results in a
significantly higher anomeric b /a ratio and thus higher yields. Accordingly, the present
- 8G -
invention provides improved methods and intermediates for preparing compound 13 and
compounds of formula 13b.
WO 20121159047
Detailed Description
The following definitions are used, unless otherwise described:
The term '''halo'' or "halogen" refers to fluoro, chloro, bromo, or iodo.
The term "alkyl" denotes both straight and branched groups, but reference to an individual
radical such as propyl embraces only the straight chain radical, a branched chain isomer such as
isopropyl (e.g. iPr or ipr) being specifically referred to. The term "(C -C )alkyl" refers to an alkyl
of 1-6 carbon atoms.
The term "Bz" as used herein refers to a -C(=O)Ph group.
The term "Bn" as used herein refers to a benzyl (i.e. CH2phenyl) group.
The term "aryl" as used herein refers to a ring structure of from 6 to 14 carbon atoms in the
ring. Aryl includes a single aromatic ring (e.g. phenyl). Aryl also includes multiple condensed
rings (e.g. bicyclic or multicyclic rings such as naphthyl or anthryl) wherein the condensed rings
may be aromatic, saturated or partially saturated, provided that at least one of the condensed rings
is aromatic. Such multiple condensed rings may be optionally substituted with one or more (e.g.
1, 2 or 3) oxo groups on any non-aromatic portion (i.e. saturated or partially unsaturated) ofthe
multiple condensed ring. It is to be understood that the point(s) of attachment of a bicyc1ic or
multi cyclic aryl can be at any position of the ring system including an aromatic or non-aromatic
portion of the ring. Exemplary aryls include, but are not limited to phenyl, indanyl, naphthyl,
1,2-dihydronaphthyl and 1,2,3 ,4-tetrahydronaphthyl.
The term "heteroaryl" as used herein refers to a ring structure of from 1 to 1 0 carbon atoms
and 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur in the
ring. The sulfur and nitrogen heteroatoms atoms may also be present in their oxidized forms.
Heteroaryl includes a single aromatic ring with at least one heteroatom (e.g. pyridyl, pyrimidinyl
or furyl). Heteroaryl also includes multiple condensed rings (e.g. bicyclic or multicyclic rings
such as indolizinyl or benzothienyl) wherein the condensed rings mayor may not be aromatic
and/or contain a heteroatom provided that at least one of the condensed rings is aromatic with at
least one heteroatom. Such multiple condensed rings may be optionally substituted with one or
more (e.g. 1,2 or 3) oxo groups on any non-aromatic (i.e. saturated or partially unsaturated)
portion of the condensed ring. It is to be understood that the point(s) of attachment ofa bicyclic
or mUlticyclic heteroaryl can be at any position of the ring system including an aromatic or
non-aromatic portion of the ring. Exemplary heteroaryl groups include, but are not limited to
pyridyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrazolyl, thienyl, indolyl, thiophenyl,
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imidazolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, furyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl,
benzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, indazolyl, indolyl, quinoxalyl, quinazolyl,
,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinoline and the like.
The tenn "cycloalkyl" as used herein refers to a saturated or partially unsaturated cyclic
hydrocarbon ring systems, such as those containing 1 to 3 rings and 3 to 8 carbons per ring wherein
multiple ring cycloalkyls can have fused, spiro bonds or bridging bonds. Exemplary groups
include but are not limited to cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl,
cyclooctyl, cyclobutenyl, cyclohexenyl, cyclooctadienyl, decahydronaphthalene and
spiro [4.5]decane. The tenn "(C3-C7)cycloalkyl" as used herein refers to a saturated or partially
1 0 unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbon ring having from 3 to 7 carbon atoms in the ring.
The tenn "haloalkyl" as used herein refers to an alkyl as described above wherein one or
more of the hydrogens ofthe alkyl is replaced with a halogen. The tenn "(C -C )haloalkyl" as
used herein refers to alkyl groups having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms which are straight or branched
wherein at least one and up to all ofthe hydrogens of the alkyl have been replaced with a halogen.
The tenn "amino acid" comprises the residues of the natural amino acids including Ala,
GIn, Gly, Ile, Leu, Met, Phe, Thr and Val in D or L fonn. The tenn also comprises natural and
unnatural amino acids protected at the carboxy tenninus (e.g. as a (C1-CIO)alkyl,
(C -C )cycloalkyl, -(C -C )alkyl(C -C )cycloalkyl, -(C -C )alkylaryl or aryl ester). Other suitable
3 7 L 6 7
3 1 6
amino and carboxy protecting groups are known to those skilled in the art (See for example, T. W.
Greene, Protecting Groups In Organic Synthesis; Wiley: New York, 1981, and references cited
therein).
In one embodiment the tenn "amino acid" includes a compound of the following fonnula:
R 0 C NH
wherein R7 is (C.-ClO}alkyl, (C -C )cycloalkyl, (C -C )cycloalkyl(C -C )alkyl-,
3 7 3 7 1 6
aryl(CI-C6)alkyl- or aryl; and R8 is an amino acid sidechain, or a salt thereof.
The tenn "amino acid sidechain" refers to a moiety that is connected to the backbone of
an "amino acid" as described above. For example, the amino acid sidechain of alanine (Ala) is
methyl, the amino acid sidechain of phenylalanine (Phe) is benzyl (Bn) and the amino acid
sidechain of glycine (Gly) is H. Accordingly, the tenn "amino acid sidechain" includes but is not
limited to the sidechains of the residues ofthe natural amino including Ala, GIn, Gly, He, Leu,
Met, Phe, Thr, and Val in D or L fonn.
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In one embodiment the tenn "amino acid sidechain" includes:
H, (CI-C6)alkyl, (C3-C )cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl(C -C )alkyl-,
heteroaryl(CI-C6)alkyl- or (C3-C7)cycloalkyl(Cl-C6)alkyl-, wherein any (C -C )alkyl,
(C -C )cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl(CI-C6)alkyl-, heteroaryl(CI-C6)alkyl- or
(C -C )cycloalkyl(C[-C )alkyl- is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1,2,3,4 or 5)
3 7 6
groups selected from, oxo, (C -C )alkyl, -ORa, -OC(O)Rt" -OC(O)NRoR.:J, -C(O)Ra, -C(O)ORa
and -C(O)NR:Ri;
each Ra is independently (CI-C6)alkyl, (C2-C )alkenyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl
or aryl;
each Rt, is independently (C -C )alkyl, (C -C )alkenyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycle, heteroaryl
1 6 2 6
or aryl; and
R: and Ri are each independently selected from H, (C -C )alkyl, (C C )alkenyl,
1 6 r
cycloalkyl, heterocycle, aryl and heteroaryl; or R: and Rl together with the nitrogen to which they
are attached fonn a pyrrolidino, piperidino, piperazino, azetidino, morpho Ii no, or thiomorpholino.
The term "leaving group" includes any group that can be displaced by a nudeophile (e.g.
hydroxy or a deprotonated hydroxy), for example, to form an oxygen-carbon bond. In one
embodiment the leaving group is halo or -OS(OhRL, wherein RL is (C -C )alkyl or aryl, wherein
(C -C )alkyl is optionally substituted with one or more halogen, and wherein aryl is optionally
substituted with one or more halogen, (C -C )alkyl or N02.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that a compound having a chiral center may
exist in and be isolated in optically active and racemic fonns. Some compounds may exhibit
polymorphism. It is to be understood that the present invention encompasses processes for
preparing any racemic, diastereomeric, optically-active, polymorphic, tautomeric, or
stereoisomeric form, or mixtures thereof, of a compound described herein, it being well known in
the art how to prepare optically active forms (for example, by resolution of the racemic fonn by
recrystallization techniques, by synthesis from optically-active starting materials, by chiral
synthesis, or by chromatographic separation using a chiral stationary phase).
It is to be understood that compounds depicted herein (e.g. either individual compounds or
of compounds, each either as compositions or as compounds of methods) mayor may not
groups
be shown with absolute stereochemistry. If a compound is drawn with stereochemical bonds (e.g.
bold, bold-wedge, dashed or dashed-wedge) it is meant to be the specific stereoisomer shown (e.g
diasteromer or enantiomer). Accordingly, wherein applicable, in one embodiment the
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stereoisomer of a compound depicted herein is about >99% enriched in that stereoisomer. In
another embodiment the stereoisomer of a compound depicted herein is about >98% enriched in
that stereoisomer. In another embodiment the stereoisomer of a compound depicted herein is
about >95% enriched in that stereoisomer. In another embodiment the stereoisomer of a
compound depicted herein is about >90% enriched in that stereoisomer. In another embodiment
the stereoisomer of a compound depicted herein is about >80% enriched in that stereoisomer. In
another embodiment the stereoisomer of a compound depicted herein is about >70% enriched in
that stereoisomer. In another embodiment the stereoisomer of a compound depicted herein is
about >60% enriched in that stereoisomer. In another embodiment the stereoisomer of a
compound depicted herein is about 50% enriched in that stereoisomer.
It is also to be understood that for certain compounds, the bonds, or a portion of the bonds
therein, may not have stereochemistry depicted in the chemical structure. For example, for
compound 13b:
H a r-::
Eta C N __ !l a I ~NH2
2 'I: t"-./Dy-yN '( \~I
PhD '=\ N~N
the moiety represented by the following structure:
includes all possible stereochemical combinations for this fragment. Thus, the invention includes
molecules wherein this fragment is:
The invention also includes combinations of molecules that result from mixtures of any of these
isomeric forms.
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Specific and preferred values listed below for radicals, substituents, and ranges, are for
illustration only; they do not exclude other defmed values or other values within defined ranges for
the radicals and substituents.
Specifically, (CI-C6)alkyl can be methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, iso-butyl,
sec-butyl, pentyl, 3-pentyl, or hexyl.
Specifically, (C3-C7)cycloalkyl can be cyclopropyl, cyc1obutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl or
cyc1oheptyl.
A specific value for Rl is benzoyl.
A specific value for R2 is ethyl.
A specific value for R3 is I.
A specific value for R4 is phenyl.
A specific value for Bn is phenyICH -.
Another specific value for Rl is -C(=O)aryl, wherein -C(=O)aryl is optionally substituted
with one or more (CI-C6)alkyl groups.
Another specific value for R2 is (CI-C6)alkyl.
Another specific value for R4 is aryl, wherein aryl is optionally substituted with one or
more (C\-C )alkyl groups.
In one embodiment, the invention provides a method for preparing a compound of formula
or a salt thereof, comprising converting a corresponding compound offonnula 12a:
HOrN N
Et02C'y"N",~ 0 0 N ~ -'="PR
I.. ' '-./ -y-y Y \L
PhO ~ N~N
12a F
or a salt thereof, to the compound offonnula 13 or the salt thereof, wherein each R4 is
independently (CI-C6)alkyl, (C -C )cycloalkyl or aryl, wherein any (C -C )cycloalkyl or aryl is
3 7 3 7
optionally substituted with one or more (Cj-C6)alkyl groups.
In one embodiment, the invention provides a method for preparing a compound of formula
13b:
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or a salt thereof, comprising converting a compound of formula 11 b:
H 0 FN N
Et02C~N-~ 0 0 N ~ :::: 3
I r- I '-/ Y-Y Y \~I
PhO ) __ , N~N
R3 F
or a salt thereof, to the compoWld of formula 13b or the salt thereof, wherein R3 is I, R Se or R S
and each R4 and R is independently (CI-C6)alkyl, (C3-C7)cyc1oalkyl or aryl, wherein aryl or
(C -C )cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1,2 or 3) (Cl-C6)alkyl groups.
In a similar manner the invention provides a method for preparing a compound of formula 13 or
a salt thereof, comprising converting a compound of formula 11 a or a salt thereof, to the
compound of formula 13 or the salt thereof.
In one embodiment, the invention provides a method for preparing a compound of formula
13b:
or a salt thereof, comprising converting a compound of formula lOa:
or a salt thereof, to the compound of formula 13b or the salt thereof, wherein each R4 is
independently (CI-C6)alkyl, (C3-C )cyc1oalkyl or aryl, wherein aryl or (C -C )cycloalkyl is
7 3 7
optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1,2 or 3) (Ct-C6)alkyl groups. In a similar manner
the invention provides a method for preparing a compound of formula 13 or a salt thereof,
comprising converting a compound of formula lOa or a salt thereof, to the compound of formula
13 or the salt thereof.
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In one embodiment, the invention provides a method for preparing a compound of formula
13b:
H 0 r-=-N N
EtO C N-~ ° (~H2
2 'y'"" I ,,--,"0'( - Y N .y \
I PhO '=\ N~N
13b F
or a salt thereof, comprising converting a compound of formula 9:
o 0 :=~/NH2
HO ~~.
__ - N~N
HO F
or a salt thereof, to the compound of formula 13b or the salt thereof. In a similar manner the
of formula 13 or a salt thereof, comprising
invention provides a method for preparing a compound
converting a compound of formula 9 or a salt thereof, to the compound of formula 13 or the salt
thereof.
In one embodiment, the invention provides a method for preparing a compound of formula
13b:
H 0 r-=-N
EtO C N-~ ° (. ~NH2
2 Y I ,,--,"O,(-yN,,{, \~
PhO '=\ N~N
13b F
or a salt thereof, comprising converting a compound of formula 7a:
r-N NHR1
HO~N'b
R SiO F
or a salt thereof, to the compound offonnula 13b or the salt thereof, wherein RI is
-C(=O)(C -C )alkyl, -C(=O)(Cy C )cyc1oalkyl or -C(=O)aryl, wherein -C(=O)aryl
1 6 7
or -C(=O)(C -C )cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1,2 or 3) (C -C )alkyl
3 7 1 6
groups; and each R2 is independently aryl or (C -C )alkyl, wherein aryl is optionally substituted
with one or more (e.g. 1,2 or 3) (C)-C6)alkyl groups. In a similar manner the invention provides
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a method for preparing a compound of formula 13 or a salt thereof, comprising converting a
compound of formula 7a or a salt thereof, to the compound of formula 13 or the salt thereof.
In one embodiment, the invention provides a method for preparing a compound of formula
13b:
H 0 ,--N
EtO C N_lJ 0 I ~NH2
2 I: t,,-/O,(-yNy \~I
PhO ~ N~N
13b F
or a salt thereof, comprising converting a compound of formula 5a:
r NHR1
HO~N-b
HO F
or a salt thereof, to the compound of fonnula 13b or the salt thereof, wherein R I
is -C(=O)(C -C )alkyl, -C(=O)(C -C7)cycloalkyl or -C(=O)aryl, wherein
-C(=O)(C -C )cycloalkyl or -C(=O)aryl is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1,2 or 3)
(C\-C6)alkyl groups. In a similar manner the invention provides a method for preparing a
compound of formula 13 or a salt thereof, comprising converting a compound of formula Sa or a
salt thereof, to the compound of formula 13 or the salt thereof.
In one embodiment, the invention provides a method for preparing a compound of formula
13b:
H 0 ,--N
EtO C N-~ 0 f ~NH2
2 I: I ,,-/O,(-yNy 't
PhO "=\ N~N
13b F
or a salt thereof, comprising converting a compound of formula 4a:
r NHR1
Rl0~NO
R 6 F
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or a salt thereof, to the compound of fonnula 13b or the salt thereof, wherein each R is
independently -C(=O)(C -C6)alkyl, -C(=O)(C -C )cycloalkyl or -C(=O)aryl, wherein -C(=O)aryl
J 3 7
or -C(=O)(C3-C )cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1,2 or 3) (C -C )alkyl
groups. In a similar manner the invention provides a method for preparing a compound of formula
13 or a salt thereof, comprising converting a compound of formula 4a or a salt thereof, to the
of formula 13 or the salt thereof.
compound
In one embodiment, the invention provides a method for preparing a compound of formula
13b:
H 0 r-cN NH
EtO C N-~ 0 I ~ 2
2 'I: I '-./O,(-yNy \L
PhO '-=\ N~N
or a salt thereof, comprising converting a compound of fonnula 3a:
NHR1
tJ()
or a salt thereof, to the compound of formula 13b or the salt thereof, wherein R L
is -C(=O)(CL-C6)alkyl, -C(=O)(C3-C7)cycloalkyl or -C(=O)aryl, wherein
-C(=O)(C3-C7)cycloalkyl or -C(=O)aryl is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1,2 or 3)
(C l-C )alkyl groups. In a similar manner the invention provides a method for preparing a
compound of fonnula 13 or a salt thereof, comprising converting a compound of formula 3a or a
salt thereof, to the compound of formula 13 or the salt thereof.
In one embodiment, the invention provides a method for preparing a compound of formula
13b:
H 0 r-c
EtO C N-~ ° I ~NH2
2 'I: I '-./O,(-yNy \~I
PhO '-=\ N~N
or a salt thereof, comprising converting a compound of formula 16:
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II OBn
PhO.-pJ
to the compound of formula 13 b or the salt thereof. In a similar manner the invention provides a
method for preparing a compound of formula 13 or a salt thereof, comprising converting a
compound of formula 16 or a salt thereof, to the compound of formula 13 or the salt thereof.
In one embodiment, the invention provides a method for preparing a compound of
formula 13b:
H 0 FN
EtO C N-~ 0 2--.t'NH2
2 Y / ,-/O,\-yNy \tl
PhO "=\ N~N
or a salt thereof, comprising converting a compound offormula 18b:
Et0 C N ~~'-./OBn
I PhD
to the compound of formula 13b or the salt thereof. In a similar manner the invention provides a
method for preparing a compound of formula 13 or a salt thereof, comprising converting a
compound of formula 18 or a salt thereof, to the compound of formula 13 or the salt thereof.
In one embodiment, the invention provides a method for preparing a compound of formula
13b:
HOrN NH
EtO c N-~ 0 ~ 2
2 I: / '-./0y~yNy \~I
PhO '=\ N~N
or a salt thereof, comprising converting a compound of formula 19b:
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Et02C'(N ..... ~ OH
I '-..,./
to the compoillld of fonnula 13b or the salt thereof. In a similar manner the invention provides a
method for preparing a compoillld of fonnula 13 or a salt thereof, comprising converting a
compound offonnula 19 or a salt thereof, to the compoillld offonnula 13 or the salt thereof.
In one embodiment the invention provides a compound selected from:
o N, ~./N~PPh
~ "f ~. 3
N;:,.../N
F --.,F •
II OBn
PhO-pJ
and salts thereof, which compounds are useful intennediates for preparing the compound
of formula 13 or 13b or salts thereof.
In another embodiment the invention provides a compound selected from:
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o FN
N' ~/NHBz
HO ~ ~_
~ ,.' N~N
HO F •
II OBn
PhO-
and salts thereof, which compounds are useful intermediates for preparing the compounds
of formula 13 or 13b or salts or stereoisomers thereof.
In another embodiment the invention provides a compound selected from:
wherein;
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each RI is independently -C(=O)(C -C )a1kyI, -C(=O)(C -C )cycloalkyl or -C(=O)aryl,
1 6 3 7
wherein -C(=O)(C3-C7)cycloalkyl or -C(=O)aryl is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1,
2 or 3) (C)-C6)alkyl groups;
each R2 is independently aryl or (CI-C6)alkyl, wherein aryl is optionally substituted with
one or more (e.g. 1,2 or 3) (C)-C6)alkyl groups;
R3 is I R Se or R S'
each R4 is independently (C -C )alkyl, (C -C )cycloalkyl or aryl, wherein aryl or
6 3 7
(C3-C7)cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1,2 or 3) (C -C )alkyl groups;
each R is independently (Cl-C )alkyl, (C3-C7)cycloalkyl or aryl, wherein aryl or
(C -C )cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. I, 2 or 3) (CI-C6)alkyl groups;
and salts thereof, which compounds are useful intennediates for preparing the compound
of fonnula 13 or 13b or salts thereof.
In another embodiment the invention provides a compound selected from:
wherein;
each Rl is independently -C(=O)(C[-C )alkyl, -C(=O)(C3-C7)cycloalkyl or -C(=O)aryl,
wherein -C(=O)(C3-C7)cyc1oalkyl or -C(=O)aryl is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1,
2 or 3) (C -C )alkyl groups;
each R2 is independently aryl or (CI-C6)alkyl, wherein aryl is optionally substituted with
one or more (e.g. 1,2 or 3) (C[-C )alkyl groups;
R3 is I , R Se or R S' ,
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each R4 is independently (C -C )alkyl, (C -C )cyc1oalkyl or aryl, wherein aryl or
1 6 3 7
(C -C )cyc1oalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1,2 or 3) (C -C6)alkyl groups;
3 7 1
each R is independently (C,-C6)alkyl, (C3-C7)cyc1oalkyl or aryl, wherein aryl or
(C -C )cyc1oalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g.I, 2 or 3) (C}-C )alkyl groups;
and salts thereof, which compounds are useful intermediates for preparing the compounds
of formula 13 or 13b or salts or stereo isomers thereof.
In another embodiment the invention provides a compound selected from:
HO r-oN N
EtO C N· . .i.l 0 0 I N ~PR4
2 Yn r"-" \::(Ny \~ 3
PhO - N N
o 0 rr=LNHR1
HO f ~ .
. ,' N~N.
HO F
II OBn
PhO-
wherein;
Bn is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1,2 or 3) groups selected from
(C -C )alkyl and -O(CI-C6)alkyl;
each Rl is independently -C(=O)(Cl-C6)alkyl, -C(=O)(C -C )cycloalkyl or -C(=O)aryl,
wherein -C(=O)(C)-C )cycloalkyl or -C(=O)aryl is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1,
2, 3. 4 or 5) (C\-C6)alkyl groups;
each R2 is independently aryl or (C -C )alkyl, wherein aryl is optionally substituted with
one or more (e.g. 1,2,3.4 or 5) (CI-C6)alkyl groups;
R3 is I R5 or R S'
, Se ,
each R4 is independently (C -C )alkyl, (C -C )cycloalkyl or aryl, wherein aryl or
1 6 3 7
(C -C )cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1,2,3.4 or 5) (Cl-C6)alkyl
groups; and
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each R is independently (C,-C )alkyl, (C -C )cycloalkyl or aryl, wherein aryl or
6 3 7
(C3-C7)cyc1oalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2, 3. 4 or 5) (C -C6)alkyl
groups;
and salts thereof, which compounds are useful intennediates for preparing the compounds
of formula 13 or 13b or salts or stereoisomers thereof.
In one embodiment the invention provides a method of preparing a compound of fonnula
r:- NHR'
R10~N'b
R d F
or a salt thereof, comprising reacting a corresponding compound of fonnula 2a:
with a corresponding compound of fonnula 3a:
NHR1
or a salt thereof, to provide the compound of formula 4a or the salt thereof, wherein each R I is
independently -C(=O)(C -C6)alkyl, -C(=O)(C -C )cycloalkyl or -C(=O)aryl, wherein
1 3 7
-C(=O)(C -C )cycloalkyl or -C(=O)aryl is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1,2 or 3)
(C -C )alkyl groups; and provided the compound offonnula 3a is not a sodium salt of3a when the
Rl group of the compound offonnula 3a is benzoyl.
The compound of formula 2a can be prepared from a corresponding compound of fonnula
o OR
R10~
R'6 F
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wherein each RI is independently -C(=O)(C -C )alkyl, -C(=O)(C -C )cycloalkyl or -C(=O)aryl,
1 6 3 7
wherein -C(=O)(C -C )cycloalkyl or -C(=O)aryl is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. I,
2 or 3) (C -C )alkyl groups.
of formula 1 a can be converted to a compound of formula 4a (via the
The compound
compound 2a) by treatment with a brominating agent (e.g. HBr in acetic acid,
bromotrimethylsilane or titanium (IV) bromide) followed by N-glycosylation with a compound of
formula 3a. The bromination and N-glycosylation can be conveniently carried out in a variety of
polar and nonpolar solvents (e.g. methylene chloride, tetrahydrofuran, N-methylpyrrolidinone,
acetonitrile, methyl t-butyl ether, isopropyl acetate or toluene) or combinations thereof. The
bromination can be conveniently conducted at a temperature of about 0 °C. The N-glycosylation
of about 60°C to 70 °C. The document EP
can be conveniently conducted at a temperature
0428109 describes the preparation of the compound of formula 4a from condensation of the
compound of formula 2a and the sodium salt of the compound of formula 3a (each RI is benzoyl).
In contrast, the N-glycosylation of the instant invention can be carried out without converting the
compound of formula 3a to the sodium salt prior to or during the condensation reaction with the
compound of formula 2a. Since this procedure does not use the sodium salt of the adenine
derivative 3a it avoids the use of hazardous reagents such as sodium hydride. The procedure also
resulted in a significantly improved anomeric ratio of24: 1 versus the anomeric ratio of 15: 1
reported in EP 0428109. Thus, this method represents a significant advantage over the analogous
reaction described in EP 0428109.
In another embodiment the invention further provides a method for the conversion of a
compound of formula 4a or a salt thereof to a compound of formula 13 or a salt thereof or a
compound of formula 13b or a salt thereof, comprising converting the compound of formula 4a or
the salt thereof, to the compound offormula 13 or the salt thereof or the compound of formula 13b
or the salt thereof, by any of the steps outlined in Scheme 1 or Scheme 2 and described herein
below.
In another embodiment the invention further provides a method for the conversion of a
compound of formula 3a or a salt thereof to a compound of formula 13 or a salt thereof or a
of fonnula 13b or a salt thereof, comprising converting the compound of formula 3a or
compound
the salt thereof, to the compound of formula 13 or the salt thereof or the compound of formula 13b
or the salt thereof, by any ofthe steps outlined in Scheme 1 or Scheme 2 and described herein
below.
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In one embodiment the invention provides a method of preparing a compound of formula
or a salt thereof, comprising converting a corresponding compound of formula 4a:
r NHR1
R10~N'b
R d F
or a salt thereof, to the compound of formula 5a or the salt thereof, wherein each RI is
independently -C(=O)(C[-C )alkyl, -C(=O)(C -C )cycioalkyl or -C(=O)aryl, wherein -C(=O)aryl
6 3 7
or -C(=O)(C -C )cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1,2 or 3) (C -C )alkyl
3 7 1 6
groups.
The compound of formula 4a can be converted to a compound of formula 5a by treatment
with a deprotecting agent (e.g. sodium hydroxide, triethylamine, potassium cyanide or boron
trifluoride diethyl etherate). In one embodiment the deprotecting agent is a base such as a metal
hydroxide (e.g. sodium hydroxide). The deprotection step can be conveniently carried out in a
variety of solvents (e.g. tetrahydrofuran, organic alcohols or water) or combinations thereof. The
deprotection can be conveniently conducted at a temperature of about 0 °c to 6°C. In one
embodiment the deprotection step can be carried out at a temperature of about 3 0c.
In another embodiment the invention further provides a method for the conversion of a
compound of formula 5a or a salt thereof to a compound of formula 13 or a salt thereof or a
compound of formula 13b or a salt thereof, comprising converting the compound of formula 5a or
the salt thereof, to the compound of formula 13 or the salt thereof or a compound of formula 13 b
or the salt thereof, by any of the steps outlined in Scheme 1 or Scheme 2 and described herein
below.
In one embodiment the invention provides a method of preparing a compound of formula
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. r NHR1
HO~Nb
R SiO F
or a salt thereof, comprising converting a corresponding compoWld of fonnula 5a:
r=N NHR1
HO}"{N'O
HO F
or a salt thereof, to the compound offormula 7a or the salt thereof, wherein Rl is
-C(=O)(C\-C )alkyl, -C(=O)(C -C )cyc1oalkyJ or -C(=O)aryJ, wherein -C(=O)(C -C )cycloalkyl
3 7 3 7
or -C(=O)aryJ is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1,2 or 3) (C -C )alkyl groups; and
each R2 is independently (Cl- 6)alkyl.
In another embodiment the invention provides a method of preparing a cornpoWld of
fonnula 7a:
r NHR1
HO~Nb
R SiO F
or a salt thereof, comprising desilylating a corresponding compoWld of fonnula 6a:
r NHR1
R"Si~Nb
R SiO F
or a salt thereof, to the compound of formula 7a or the salt thereof, wherein R\ is
-C(=O)(C -C )alkyJ, -C(=O)(C -C )cycloalkyl or -C(=O)aryJ, wherein -C(=O)(C3-C7)cycloalkyl
1 6 3 7
or -C(=O)aryl is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1,2 or 3) (C -C )alkyl groups; and
each R2 is independently aryl or (Cl-C6)alkyl, wherein aryl is optionally substituted with one or
more (e.g. 1,2 or 3) (Cl-C6)alkyl groups.
In another embodiment the invention provides a method of preparing a cornpoWld of
fonnula 6a:
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FN NHR1
R23SiO~OyN~
. )~ N~
R2 SiO F
or a salt thereof, comprising silylating a corresponding compound of formula 5a:
~N NHR1
HO~N'b
HO F
or a salt thereof, to the compound of formula 6a or the salt thereof, wherein R is
-C(=O)(CI-C6)alkyl, -C(=O)(C -C )cycloalkyl or -C(=O)aryl, wherein -C(=O)(C -C )cycloalkyl
3 7 3 7
or -C(=O)aryl is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1,2 or 3) (C -C )alkyl groups~ and
each R2 is independently aryl or (C -C )alkyl, wherein aryl is optionally substituted with one or
more (e.g. 1,2 or 3) (C -C )alkyl groups.
The compound of formula 5a can be converted to the compound of formula 7a by
treatment with a silylating agent in the presence of suitable base, followed by treatment with a
desilylating agent. Suitable silylating agents include but are not limited to chlorotriethylsilane,
bromotriethylsilane, triethyliodosilane, triethylsilane, N-triethylsilylacetamide and
triethylsilyldiethylamine while suitable bases include but are not limited to diisopropylethylamine,
triethylamine, N-methyl morpho line, quinuclidine, N-methylpiperidine, N-methyl pyrrolidine,
potassium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate. Desilylating agents include but are not limited to
p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate, tetrabutylammonium fluoride, various acids such as acetic
acid, ion exchange resins (e.g. Dowex), hydrogen fluoride, sodium fluoride, potassium fluoride or
trifluoroacetic acid. The silyation-desilylation can be conveniently carried out in a variety of
solvents (e.g. toluene, methanol, acetonitrile, dimethylformamide, methylene chloride or
tetrahydrofuran) or combinations thereof. The silylation can be conveniently carried out at a
temperature of about 50 DC to 80 Dc. In one embodiment the silylation can be carried out at a
temperature of about 50 Dc. The desilylation can be conveniently carried out at a temperature ·of
about -20 DC to 6°C. In one embodiment the desilylation can be carried out at a temperature of
about 3°C.
In another embodiment the invention further provides a method for the conversion of a
compound of formula 7a or a salt thereof to a compound of formula 13 or a salt thereof or a
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compound offormula 13b or a salt thereof, comprising converting the compound of formula 7a or
the salt thereof. to the compound of formula 13 or the salt thereof or a compound of formula l3b
or the salt thereof, by any of the steps outlined in Scheme 1 or Scheme 2 and described herein
below.
In another embodiment the invention further provides a method for the conversion of a
compound of formula 6a or a salt thereof to a compound of formula 13 or a salt thereof or a
compound of formula 13b or a salt thereof, comprising converting the compound of formula 6a or
the salt thereof, to the compound of formula 13 or the salt thereof or a compound of formula 13b
or the salt thereof, by any of the steps outlined in Scheme 1 or Scheme 2 and described herein.
In one embodiment the invention provides a method of preparing a compound of formula
or a salt thereof, comprising converting a compound of formula 7a:
r NHR1
HO~N-b
R SiO F
or a salt thereof, to the compound of formula 9 or the salt thereof, wherein R 1
is -C(=O)(C.-C )alkyl, -C(=O)(C -C )cycloalkyl or -C(=O)aryl, wherein
6 3 7
-C(=O)(C3-C7)cycloalkyl or -C(=O)aryl is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1,2 or 3)
(C -C )alkyl groups; and each R2 is independently aryl or (C -C6)alkyl, wherein aryl is optionally
1 6 1
substituted with one or more (e.g. 1,2 or 3) (C -C )alkyl groups.
In another embodiment the invention provides a method of preparing a compound of
formula 9:
or a salt thereof, comprising converting a compound of formula Sa:
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or a salt thereof, to the compound of formula 9 or the salt thereof, wherein Rl
is -C(=O)(C -C )alkyl, -C(=O)(C3-C7)cyc1oalkyl or -C("'-O)aryl, wherein
-C(=O)(C)-C )cycloalkyl or -C(=O)aryl is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1,2 or 3)
(C -C )alkyl groups; and each R2 is independently aryl or (CI-C6)alkyl, wherein aryl is optionally
substituted with one or more (e.g. 1,2 or 3) (C -C )alkyl groups.
In another embodiment the invention provides a method of preparing a compound of
formula 8a:
or a salt thereof, comprising converting a compound of formula 7a:
FN NHR1
HO~N'b
R SiO F
or a salt thereof, to the compound of formula 8a or the salt thereof, wherein R
is -C(=O)(C)-C )alkyl, -C(=O)(C)-C )cycloalkyl or -C(=O)aryl, wherein
-C(=O)(C3-C7)cyc1oalkyl or -C("'-O)aryl is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1,2 or 3)
(CI-C6)alkyl groups; and each R2 is independently aryl or (C -C )alkyl, wherein aryl is optionally
substituted with one or more (e.g. 1,2 or 3) (Cl-C6)a1kyl groups.
In another embodiment the invention provides a method of preparing a compound of
formula 9:
o 0 r~/NH2
HO y ~.
__ - N.::::::.,....N
HO F
or a salt thereof, comprising converting a compound offonnula 8'a:
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o 0 r~/NHR1
HO Y" ~.
__ ' N~N
HO F
or a salt thereof, to the compound of formula 9 or the salt thereof, wherein R
is -C(=O)(C -C )alkyl, -C(=O)(C -C )cycloalkyl or -C(=O)aryl, wherein
r 6 7
-C(=O)(C3-C7)cycloalkyl or -C(=O)aryl is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1,2 or 3)
(CI-C6)alkyl groups.
In another embodiment the invention provides a method of preparing a compound of
formula 8'a:
or a salt thereof, comprising converting a compound of formula 7a:
FN NHR1
HO~N~
R SiO F
or a salt thereof, to the compound offonnula 8'a or the salt thereof, wherein RI
is -C(=O)(C\-C )alkyl, -C(=O)(C3-C7)cycloalkyl or -C(=O)aryl, wherein
-C(=O)(C3-C7)cycloalkyl or -C(=O)aryl is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1,2 or 3)
(C -C )alkyl groups; and each R2 is independently aryl or (C -C )alkyl, wherein aryl is optionally
1 6 1
substituted with one or more (e.g. 1,2 or 3) (C\-C )alkyl groups.
The compound of formula 7a can be converted to the compound of formula 9 by treatment
with an oxidant in the presence of suitable base followed by treatment with a deacylating agent.
Suitable oxidants include but are not limited to 2,2,6,6,-tetramethyl-l-piperidinyloxy, free radical
(TEMPO) and diacetoxyiodobenzene, hypohalite in the presence of catalysts or other metals in the
presence of oxygen. Suitable deacylating agents include but are not limited to bases (e.g. metal
alkoxides such as but not limited to sodium methoxide or metal hydroxides). The oxidation can
be conveniently carried out in a variety of solvents including but not limited to acetonitrile and
water as well as other organic solvents (e.g. organic ethers, organic esters or halogenated alkanes)
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and water at a temperature of about 19°C to 45 °c. In one embodiment the oxidation can be
carried out at ambient temperature. The deacylation can be conveniently carried out in a variety
of solvents (e.g. methanol, toluene, organic ethers, organic esters or halogenated alkanes) at a
temperature of about 19°C to 25 °c. In one embodiment the de acylation can be carried out at
ambient temperature.
In another embodiment the invention further provides a method for the conversion of a
compound of formula 7a or a salt thereof to a compound of formula 13 or a salt thereof or a
compound of formula 13b or a salt thereof, comprising converting the compound of formula 7a or
the salt thereof, to the compound of formula 13 or the salt thereof or a compound of formula 13b
or the salt thereof, by any of the steps outlined in Scheme 1 or Scheme 2 and described herein
below.
In another embodiment the invention further provides a method for the conversion of a
compoWld of formula 8a or a salt thereof to a compound of formula 13 or a salt thereof or a
compound of formula 13 b or a salt thereof, comprising converting the compoWld of formula 8a or
the salt thereof, to the compound of formula 13 or the salt thereof or a compound of formula 13b
or the salt thereof, by any of the steps outlined in Scheme 1 or Scheme 2 and described herein
below.
In another embodiment the invention further provides a method for the conversion of a
compoWld of formula 8'a or a salt thereof to a compound of formula 13 or a salt thereof or a
compound of formula 13b or a salt thereof, comprising converting the compound of formula 8'a
or the salt thereof, to the compound of formula 13 or the salt thereof or a compound of formula 13 b
or the salt thereof, by any of the steps outlined in Scheme 1 or Scheme 2 and described herein
below.
In one embodiment the invention provides a method of preparing a compound of formula
lOa:
or a salt thereof, comprising converting a compoWld of formula 9:
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o FN
N' ~/NH2
HO ~ ~.
-,' N~N
HO F
or a salt thereof, to the compound of formula lOa or the salt thereof, wherein each R is
independently (C -C6)alkyl, (C -C )cycloalkyl or aryl, wherein aryl or (C -C )cycloalkyl is
3 7 3 7
optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2 or 3) (CI-C6)alkyl groups.
The compound of foanula 9 can be converted to the compound of foanula lOa by
treatment with a decarboxylative dehydration agent including but not limited to
triphenylphosphine and diisopropyl azodicarboxylate as well as other combinations of aryl or
alkyl phosphines and various azodicarboxylates. The decarboxylative dehydration can be
conveniently carried out in a variety of solvents (e.g. tetrahydrofuran, organic ethers, organic
esters or halogenated alkanes) at a temperature of about 0 °c to 50°C. In one embodiment the
decarboxylative dehydration can be carried out at a temperature of about 22 °e.
In another embodiment the invention further provides a method for the conversion of a
compound of formula lOa or a salt thereof to a compound of formula 13 or a salt thereof or a
compound of foanula 13b or a salt thereof, comprising converting the compound of formula lOa
or the salt thereof, to the compound of formula 13 or the salt thereof or a compound of formula 13 b
or the salt thereof, by any ofthe steps outlined in Scheme 1 or Scheme 2 and described herein
below.
In one embodiment the invention provides a method of preparing a compound of
formula 11 b:
or a salt thereof, comprising converting a corresponding compound of formula lOa:
0 N, ~/N-'"PR4
~ Y ~. 3
0: N~N
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or a salt thereof, to the compound offormula lIb or the salt thereof, wherein, R3 is I, R Se or R S
and each R4 and R is independently (CI-C6)alkyl, (C3-C7)cycloalkyl or aryl, wherein aryl or
(C -C )cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1,2 or 3) (C -C6)alkyl groups.
3 7 1
The compound of formula lOa can be converted to the compound of formula 11 b by
treatment with an etherification agent (e.g. iodine, iodine monobromide, iodine monochloride,
N-iodosuccinimide, N-(phenyl-seleno) phtalimide and dimethyl (methylthio )sulfonium
tetrafluoroborate) and a compound of formula 19b. The etherification can be conveniently carried
out in a variety of solvents (e.g. tetrahydrofuran, organic ethers, organic esters or halogenated
alkanes) at a temperature of about -50 °c to ambient temperature. In one embodiment the
etherification can be carried out at a temperature of about -] 2 °C.
In another embodiment the invention further provides a method for the conversion of a
compound of fonnula 11 a or a salt thereof or a compound of 11 b or salt thereof to a compound of
formula 13b or a salt thereof or a compound of formula I3a or a salt thereof respectively,
comprising converting the compound of fonnula 11 a or a salt thereof or a compound of 11 b or salt
thereof to a compound of formula 13b or a salt thereof or a compound of formula 13a or a salt
thereof, by any of the steps outlined in Scheme 1 or Scheme 2 and described herein below.
In another embodiment the invention provides a method of preparing a compound of
formula 11 a:
or a salt thereof, comprising converting a corresponding compound of formula lOa:
o N~ ~/N'::-PR4
~ '(' ~. 3
or a salt thereof, to the compound of formula 11 a or the salt thereof, wherein, R3 is I, RSSe or RSS
and each R4 and R is independently (C -C )alkyl, (C -C )cycioalkyl or aryl, wherein aryl or
1 6 3 7
(C -C )cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1,2 or 3) (C -C )alkyl groups.
3 J 6
The compound of formula lOa can be converted to the compound of formula 11 a by
treatment with an etherification agent (e.g. iodine, iodine monobromide, iodine monochloride,
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N-iodosuccinimide, N-(phenyl-seI eno ) phtalimide and dimethyl(methylthio )sulfonium
tetrafluoroborate) and a compound of formula 19. The etherification can be conveniently carried
out in a variety of sol~ents (e.g. tetrahydrofuran, organic ethers, organic esters or halogenated
alkanes) at a temperature of about -50°C to ambient temperature. In one embodiment the
etherification can be carried out at a temperature of about -12 DC.
In one embodiment the invention provides a method of preparing a compound of formula
12b:
or a salt thereof, comprising converting a corresponding compound offormula 11 b:
H 0 FN N
Et02C'y""'"'N-~ 0 0 N ~ ::- 3
I I" I '-/ ,(-Y Y \~
PhO )---\ N =:::/ N
R3 F
or a salt thereof, to the compound of formula 12b or the salt thereof, wherein R3 is I, R Se or R S
and each R4 and R is independently (CI-C6)alkyl, (C3-C7)cyc1oalkyl or aryl, wherein aryl or
(C -C )cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. I, 2 or 3) (C -C )alkyl groups.
3 7 6
In another embodiment the invention provides a method of preparing a compound of
formula 12a:
or a salt thereof, comprising converting a corresponding compound of fonnula 11 a:
or a salt thereof, to the compound of formula 12a or the salt thereof, wherein R3 is I, R Se or R S
and each R4 and R is independently (CI-C6)alkyl, (C3-C7)cycloalkyl or aryl, wherein aryl or
(C -C )cyc1oalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1,2 or 3) (C -C )alkyl groups.
3 7 t 6
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The compound of formula lIb or lla can be converted to the compound of formula 12b
or 12a, respectively, by treatment with an oxidant (e.g. potassium monopersulfate, Oxone® (e.g.
2KHSOs-KHS0 -K S0 ) or 3-chloroperbenzoic acid). The oxidation can be conveniently carried
4 2 4
out in a variety of solvents (e.g. 2-butanone, organic ethers, organic esters or organic ketones (e.g.
acetone) at a temperature of about 19°C to 25 0c. In one embodiment the oxidation can be carried
out at a temperature of about 22°C.
In one embodiment the invention provides a method of preparing a compound of formula
13b:
HOrN NH
EtD2C'y--"N--~ DON ~ 2
I r / ---- y-y Y \L
PhD '"=\ N-=:::/N
13b F
or a salt thereof, comprising converting a compound offonnula 12b:
H D r-o
EtD C'y"N-p D D ~ ~N~PR43
I r / ---- y-y Y \~I
PhD ~ N~N
12b F
or a salt thereof, to the compound of fonnula 13b or the salt thereof, wherein each R4 is
independently (C -C )alkyl, (C -C )cyc1oalkyl or aryl, wherein any (C3-C7)cycloalkyl or aryl is
1 6 3 7
optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1,2 or 3) (C -C )alkyl groups.
In another embodiment the invention provides a method of preparing a compound of
formula 13:
or a salt thereof, comprising converting a compound of formula 12a:
HOrN N
EtD C-y--N ••• p D D N l---/ ~PR43
I r I "-/ y-y Y \t
PhD ~ N~N
12a F
or a salt thereof, to the compound offonnula 13 or the salt thereof, wherein each R4 is
independently (C -C )alkyl, (C3-C7)cycloalkyl or aryl, wherein any (C3-C7)cycloalkyl or aryl is
optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1,2 or 3) (C -C )alkyl groups.
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The compound of formula 12b or l2a can be converted to the compound of fonnula 13b
or 13, respectively, by treatment with a deprotecting agent such as an acid (e.g. acetic acid or
trifluoroacetic acid). The de protection can be conveniently carried out in a variety of solvents (e.g.
water and methylene chloride, organic ethers, organic esters or organic alcohols) or combinations
thereof at a temperature of about 19°C to 25 0c. In one embodiment the deprotection can be
carried out at a temperature of about 22 °e.
In one embodiment the invention provides a method of preparing a compound of formula
II OBn
PhO-
comprising converting a compound of fonnula 15:
PhO-P-H
to the compound of formula 16, wherein Bn is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2
or 3) groups selected from (C -C6)alkyl and -O(CL-C6)alkyl.
The compound of formula 15 can be converted to the compound of formula 16 by
sequential treatment of the compound offonnula 15 with (a) a silylating agent, (b) an alkylating
agent, ( c) a hydrolyzing agent, (d) an acid and (e) sodium chloride. The silylation can be carried
out with a variety of silylating agents (e.g. bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide,
chlorotrimethylsilane, hexamethyldisiloxane, hexamethyldisilazane, trimethylsilyldiethylamine,
ethyl trimethylsilylacetate, bis(trimethylsilyl)sulfate, N,N-bistrimethylsilylurea,
trimethylsilylimidazole or trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate) in the absence of solvent (i.e.
neat) at a temperature of about 30°C to 50 °c. The alkylation can be carried out with a variety of
alkylating agents (e.g. benzyl chloromethyl ether or R' -CH2Bn wherein R'= Br, I, OTs, OTf or
OMs) without solvent at a temperature of about 70°C to 80 °C. The hydrolysis can be carried out
with a hydrolyzing agent such as a metal hydroxide (e.g. potassium hydroxide) in a variety of
solvents (e.g. tetrahYdrofuran, water, methyl t-butyl ether, dimethylformamide or toluene) and
mixtures thereof. The hydrolysis can be conveniently carried out at ambient temperature. After
hydrolysis and separation of the aqueous and organic layers the pH of aqueous layer can be
WO 20121159047
adjusted with an acid (e.g. hydrochloric acid) and subsequently converted to the sodium salt with
sodium chloride.
In another embodiment the invention further provides a method for the conversion of a
compound of formula 16 to a compound of formula 13 or a salt thereof or a compound of fommla
13b or a salt thereof, comprising converting the compound of formula 16, to the compound of
formula 13 or the salt thereof or a compound of formula 13b or the salt thereof, by any ofthe steps
outlined in Schemes 1,2,3 or 4 and described herein below.
In one embodiment the invention provides a method of preparing a compound of formula
18b:
Et02CyN~~'-./OBn
I PhO
comprising converting a corresponding compound of formula 16:
~ OBn
PhO-P""'/
to the compound of formula 18b, wherein Bn is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2
or 3) groups selected from (C,-C )alkyl and -O(C -C )alkyl.
The compound of formula 16 can be converted the compound of formula 18b by the
sequential treatment of the compound offonnula 16 with (a) a chlorinating agent and (b) alanine
ethyl ester and a base. The chlorination can be carried out with a variety of chlorinating agents
(e.g. oxalyl chloride, thionyl chloride and phosphorus oxychloride) in a variety of organic solvents
(e.g. toluene or toluene derivatives). The chlorination can be conducted at a temperature of about
-10°C to 30°C. In one embodiment the temperature of the chlorination reaction is about 0 °c to
Dc. The reaction with alanine ethyl ester can be carried out with a variety of bases (e.g.
diisopropylethylamine, trialkylamines, such as triethylamine, N-methyl morpholine or DBU,
hydride bases such as sodium hydride or organolithium bases such as LiHMDS) in a suitable
organic solvent (e.g. methylene chloride or a halogenated solvent) at a temperature of about O°C
to 50 DC. In one embodiment the reaction with alanine ethyl ester is carried out at ambient
temperature.
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In another embodiment the invention provides a method of preparing a mixture of a
compound of formula 17 and a compound of formula 18:
+ EtO~yN"~~'./OBn
I PhO
comprising converting a corresponding compound offormula 16:
~ OBn
PhO-P......I
to the mixture of the compound of formula 17 and the compound of formula 18, wherein Bn is
optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1,2 or 3) groups selected from (C -C )alkyl
and -O(C -C )alkyl.
The compound of formula 16 can be converted to a mixture of the compound of formula
17 and the compound of formula 18 by the sequential treatment of the compound of formula 16
with (a) a chlorinating agent and (b) L-alanine ethyl ester and a base. The chlorination can be
carried out with a variety of chlorinating agents (e.g. oxalyl chloride, thionyl chloride and
phosphorus oxychloride) in a variety of organic solvents (e.g. toluene or toluene derivatives). The
chlorination can be conducted at a temperature of about -10°C to 30°C. In one embodiment the
temperature of the chlorination reaction is about 0 °c to 15°C. The reaction with L-alanine ethyl
ester can be carried out with a variety of bases (e.g. diisopropylethylamine, trialkylamines, such as
triethylamine, N-methyl morpho line or DBU, hydride bases such as sodium hydride or
organolithium bases such as LiHMDS) in a suitable organic solvent (e.g. methylene chloride or a
halogenated solvent) at a temperature of about 0 °c to 50°C. In one embodiment the reaction with
L-alanine ethyl ester is carried out at ambient temperature.
In one embodiment the invention provides a method of isolating a compound of formula
from a mixture of a corresponding compound of formula 17 and a corresponding compound of
formula 18:
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Et0 C N I, ~~~OBn
wherein Bn is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2 or 3) groups selected from
(C -C )alkyl and -O(C -C )alkyl.
1 6 l 6
A mixture of the compound of fonnula 17 and the compound of fonnula 18 can be
separated to provide the compound of formula 18. The techniques that can be used for separating
a compound of formula 17 and a compound of formula 18 include but are not limited to simulated
moving bed chromatography, column chromatography and stereoselective ester hydrolysis. A
variety of stationary phases can be used for the chromatography methods including chiral
stationary phases (e.g. Chiralpak AS®) and silica gel.
In another embodiment the invention further provides a method for the conversion of a
compound of formula 17, 18 or 18b to a compound of formula 13 or a salt thereof or a compound
offormula I3b or a salt thereof, comprising converting the compound of formula 17, 18 or 18b to
the compound of formula 13 or the salt thereof or a compound of formula I3b or the salt thereof,
by any of the steps outlined in Schemes 1, 2, 3 or 4 and described herein below.
In one embodiment the invention provides a method of preparing a compound of formula
19b:
comprising converting a compound of formula 19b:
Et02CyN~~~oBn
I PhO
to the compound of formula 19b, wherein Bn is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1,2
or 3) groups selected from (CI-C6)alkyl and -O(C\-C6)alkyl.
In another embodiment the invention provides a method of preparing a compound of
formula 19:
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comprising converting a compound of formula 18:
Et0 C Y N., )t.-.,./OBn
I PhO
to the compound of formula 19, wherein Bn is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2
3) groups selected from (C -C )alkyl and -O(Ct-C6)alkyL
or
The compound of formula 18b or 18 can be converted to the compound of formula 19b or
19, respectively, by debenzylation including but not limited to catalytic hydrogenation such as
hydrogenation in the presence of a catalyst (e.g. palladium on carbon), transfer hydrogenation
using cyclohexene, cyclohexadiene, formic acid, or ammonium formate or treatment with raney
nickel trimethylsilyliodosilane, FeCI}, ozone or BF3 Et20. The debenzylation reaction can be
conducted in a variety of organic solvents (e.g. methylene chloride, acetonitrile, methyl t-butyl
ether or isopropyl acetate) or mixtures thereof. The debenzylation step can be conducted at a
temperature of about 0 °c to 30°C. In one embodiment the debenzylation temperature is about 22
The compound offonnula 17 and the debenzylated compound offormula 17, the
compound of formula 17':
are also part of the invention. These compounds are useful as they can be used to prepare other
compounds described in WO 20061110157 and which compounds are reported
to be useful as anti-HIV agents.
In another embodiment the invention further provides a method for the conversion of a
compound of formula 17', 19 or 19b to a compound of formula 13 or a salt thereof or a compound
of formula 13b or a salt thereof, comprising converting the compound of formula 17', 19 or 19b to
the compound of formula 13 or the salt thereof or a compound of formula 13b or the salt thereof,
by any of the steps outlined in Schemes 1,2,3 or 4 and described herein below.
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The processes and intermediates described herein can also be useful for preparing a
compound of fonnula 21. International Patent Application Publication Number W02002008241
and United States Patent Number 7390791 discuss compound 21 and report that it is useful as an
anti-HIVagent.
The methods and intermediates described herein below, which are useful for preparing the
compound of fonnula 21 or formula 21 c or the compounds of formula 21 b, represent an
improvement over previous methods. For example, previously reported methods required the
isolation of the compound of formula 21 from a mixture of diastereomers by chiral
chromatography. This method of resolution is costly as specialized equipment and significant
amounts of production time and labor are needed to effectively remove the undesired compound
(e.g. about 50%) from the product mixture. Additionally, the use of this method of resolution of
diastereomers in the final stage of a synthetic process is inherently inefficient and undesirable
because the overall process transformation yield (i.e. maximum 50%) is severely impacted. The
present synthesis does not require such an isolation step as the synthesis described herein utilizes
a selected, stereo-defined chiral phosphonamidate (e.g. compound 25) that provides compound 21
as a single diastereomer. Accordingly, the present invention provides improved methods and
intermediates for preparing compound 21 as well as compound 21 c and the compounds of formula
2Ib.
Accordingly, in one embodiment the invention provides a method of preparing a
compound offonnula 21b:
comprising reacting a compound of formula 20:
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or a salt thereof, with a compound of fonnula 25b
ipr02CyN ........ ~ W
I I '-..../
to provide the compound of fonnula 21 b, wherein W is a leaving group.
In another embodiment the invention provides a method of preparing a compound of
formula 21:
comprising reacting a compound of formula 20:
N~N')
itNJ- DH
"-./
1 0 or a salt thereof, with a compound of formula 25:
to provide the compound of fonnula 21, wherein W is a leaving group.
The compound of formula 20 can be converted to the compound of formula 21 b or 21,
respectively, by reaction with the compound of formula 25b or 25, respectively. In one
embodiment the reaction involves treating the compound of formula 20 with a base. The
treatment of20 with a base can occur prior to, simultaneously, or after contact with the compound
WO 20121159047
of formula 25b or 25. Bases include but are not limited to metal hydroxides (e.g. Li, Na, K, Ca or
Mg hydroxides), metal alkoxides such as but not limited to a metal tert-butoxide (e.g. LiOtBu,
KOtBu) or amine bases such as but not limited to triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine and
pyridine. The reaction can be conducted in a variety of organic solvents (e.g. methylene chloride
or ethereal solvents such as tetrahydrofuran or diethyl ether) or mixtures thereof.
In one embodiment the invention provides a method of preparing a compound of formula
23b:
comprising converting a corresponding compound of formula 16:
~ OBn
PhO-p
to the compound of formula 23b, wherein Bn is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g.1, 2
or 3) groups selected from (C,-C )alkyl and -O(C,-C )alkyl.
The compound of formula 16 can be converted the compound of formula 23b by the same
method outlined for the conversion of 16 to 18b except that alanine isopropyl ester was used
instead of alanine ethyl ester.
In another embodiment the invention provides a method of preparing a mixture of a
compound of formula 22 and a compound of formula 23:
comprising converting a corresponding compound of formula 16:
~ OBn
PhO-pJ
to the mixture ofthe compound of formula 22 and the compound of formula 23, wherein Bn is
optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1,2 or 3) groups selected from (C,-C6)alkyl
and -O(C I-C6)alkyl.
WO 20121159047
The compound of formula 16 can be converted to a mixture of the compound of formula
22 and the compound of formula 23 by the same method used to convert the compound of formula
16 to the mixture of the compound of formula 17 and the compound of formula 18 except that
L-alanine isopropyl ester was used instead of L-alanine ethyl ester.
In one embodiment the invention provides a method of isolating a compound of formula
from a mixture of a compound of formula 22 and a compound of formula 23:
wherein Bn is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1,2 or 3) groups selected from
(Cl-C6)alkyl and -O(C -C )alkyl.
A mixture of the compound of formula 22 and the compound of formula 23 can be
separated to provide the compound of formula 23 by the same method used to separate the mixture
of the compound of formula 17 and the compound offormula 18 to provide the compound of
formula 18.
In one embodiment the invention provides a method of preparing a compound of formula
24b:
iPr02CyN-.~ OH
I 1'-/
comprising converting a compound of formula 23b:
ipr02CyN~~,-/oBn
I PhO
to the compound of formula 24b, wherein Bn is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2
or 3) groups selected from (C -C )alkyl and -O(CI-C )alkyl.
WO 20121159047
In another embodiment the invention provides a method of preparing a compound of
formula 24:
iPr02C~N.,,~ OH
I '-./'
comprising converting a compound of formula 23:
iPr0 C N. 'l'-.,/"OBn
I PhO
to the compound of formula 24, wherein Bn is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1,2
or 3) groups selected from (Cl-C6)alkyl and -O(C\-C6)alkyl.
The compound of formula 23b or 23 can be converted to the compound of formula 24b or
24, respectively, by the same method used to convert the compound of formula 18b or 18 to the
compound of formula 19b or 19, respectively.
In one embodiment the invention provides a method of preparing a compound of formula
25b:
iPr02C N ....... ~ w
I / '-./'
comprising converting a compound of formula 24b:
iPr02CyN __ ~ OH
I I '-./'
to the compound of formula 25b, wherein W is a leaving group.
In another embodiment the invention provides a method of preparing a compound of
formula 25:
comprising converting a compound of formula 24:
WO 20121159047
to the compound of fonnula 25, wherein W is a leaving group.
The compound of fonnula 24b or 24 can be converted to the compound of fonnula 25b or
, respectively, by conversion of the hydroxy group to a leaving group. In one embodiment the
leaving group ("W") is halo or -OS(O)2RL, wherein RLis (C -C )aIkyl or aryl, wherein
(C1-C6)alkyl is optionally substituted with one or more halogen, and wherein aryl is optionally
substituted with one or more halogen, (C -C6)alkyl or N02. When the leaving the group isa halo
the conversion comprises treatment of 24 or 24b with a halogenating agent (e.g. CC4, CBr4 or h
with triphenylphosphine). When the leaving the group is a sulfonate ester (e.g. -OS(OhRL) the
conversion comprises treatment of 24 or 24b with a sulfonating agent such as but not limited to a
sulfonyl chloride or a sulfonic anhydride (e.g. methansulfonyl chloride, methanesulfonic
anhydride, p-toluenesulfonyl chloride, triflouromethanesulfonic anhydride etc.) and a base such as
but limited to an amine base (triethylamine, diisopropylamine, pyridine, etc). These reactions can
be carried out in a wide variety of organic solvents (e.g. methylene chloride or ethereal solvents
such as tetrahydrofuran or diethyl ether) or mixtures thereof.
In one embodiment the invention provides a compound selected from:
wherein Bn is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1,2 or 3) groups selected from
(C -C )alkyl and -O(C -C )alkyl and W is a leaving group, which compounds are useful
intennediates for preparing the compounds of formula 21 h.
In another embodiment the invention provides a compound selected from:
. H ? H 0
IPr02C N/.,11 OB iPrO C N. II
p"-./ n 2 I lip OH
# #~
PhO I PhO
WO 20121159047
wherein Bn is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1,2 or 3) groups selected from
(CI-C6)alkyl and -O(C1-C6)alkyl and W is a leaving group, which compounds are useful
intermediates for preparing the compounds of formula 21.
International Patent Application Publication Number W02002008241 and United States
Patent Number 7390791 discuss compound 21 c and report that it is useful as an anti-HIV agent.
NtN} 0 OPh
ll .. .J- 'P~'NH
N ~O-./),
~ "C0 iPr
Accordingly, in one embodiment the invention provides a method of preparing a
compound of formula 21 c:
NtN} 0 OP~
ll .. J- 'P~'NH
N "./ "'~
~ "C0 iPr
comprising reacting a compound of formula 20:
N~N"
ll .. J- /
N N'--.JOH
or a salt thereof, with a compound of formula 25c:
to provide the compound of formula 21c, wherein W is a leaving group.
The compound of formula 20 can be converted to the compound of fonnula 21 c by
reaction with the compound of formula 25c. In one embodiment the reaction involves treating the
compound of formula 20 with a base. The treatment of 20 with a base can occur prior to,
WO 20121159047
simultaneously, or after contact with the compound of fonnula 25c. Bases include but are not
limited to metal hydroxides (e.g. Li, Na, K, Ca or Mg hydroxides), metal alkoxides such as but not
limited to a metal tert-butoxide (e.g. LiOtBu, KOtBu) or amine bases such as but not limited to
triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine and pyridine. The reaction can be conducted in a variety of
organic solvents (e.g. methylene chloride or ethereal solvents such as tetrahydrofuran or diethyl
ether) or mixtures thereof.
In one embodiment the invention provides a method of isolating a compound of formula
from a mixture of a compound of formula 22 and a compound of formula 23:
wherein Bn is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2 or 3) groups selected from
(Ct-C6)alkyl and -O(Ct-C6)alkyL
A mixture of the compound of fonnula 22 and the compound of fonnula 23 can be
separated to provide the compound of formula 22 by the same method used to separate the mixture
of the compound of formula 17 and the compound of formula 18 to provide the compound of
fonnula 18.
In another embodiment the invention provides a method of preparing a compound of
formula 24c:
comprising converting a compound of formula 22:
iPro C N ---:p,--"oBn
to the compound of formula 24c, wherein Bn is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2
WO 20121159047
or 3) groups selected from (C]-C )alkyl and -O(C -C )alkyl.
6 L 6
The compound of formula 22 can be converted to the compound of formula 24c by the
same method used to convert the compound of formula 18b or 18 to the compound of formula 19b
or 19, respectively.
In another embodiment the invention provides a method of preparing a compound of
formula 25c:
comprising converting a compound of formula 24c:
jpr02CyN .... ~ OH
to the compound of formula 25c, wherein W is a leaving group.
The compound of formula 24c can be converted to the compound of formula 25c by
conversion of the hydroxy group to a leaving group. In one embodiment the leaving group ("W")
is halo or -OS(O)2RL, wherein RLis (C -C )alkyl or aryl, wherein (C -C )alkyl is optionally
L 6 l 6
substituted with one or more halogen, and wherein aryl is optionally substituted with one or more
halogen, (C -C )alkyl or N02. When the leaving the group is a halo the conversion comprises
treatment of24c with a halogenating agent (e.g. CC4, CBr4 or h with triphenylphosphine). When
the leaving the group is a sulfonate ester (e.g. -OS(OhRL) the conversion comprises treatment of
24c with a sulfonating agent such as but not limited to a sulfonyl chloride or a sulfonic anhydride
(e.g. methansulfonyl chloride, methanesulfonic anhydride, p-toluenesulfonyl chloride,
trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride etc.) and a base such as but limited to an amine base
(triethylamine, diisopropylamine, pyridine, etc). These reactions can be carried out in a wide
variety of organic solvents (e.g. methylene chloride or ethereal solvents such as tetrahydrofuran or
diethyl ether) or mixtures thereof.
The processes described herein are useful for preparing additional phosphonamidates;
these additional phosphonarnidates are useful for preparing compounds that are reported to be
anti-HN agents. International Patent Application Publication Number and
International Patent Application Publication Number describe such agents.
WO 20121159047
Accordingly, the invention includes the novel phosphonamidates and processes illustrated in
Schemes 9 and Scheme 10.
Accordingly, in one embodiment the invention provides a method of preparing a
compound of formula 26:
comprising converting a corresponding compound of formula 25:
R5a ___ ~
I 'H
to the compound offonnula 26, wherein Bn is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1,2
or 3) groups selected from (C.-C )alkyl and -O(C -C )alkyl and R6 is aryl optionally substituted
6 1 6
with one or more groups (e.g. 1,2,3,4 or 5) selected from (Cl-C6)alkyl and -O(C -C6)alkyl.
The compound of formula 25 can be converted to the compound of formula 26, by the
method used to convert the compound of formula 15 to the compound of fo~ula 16.
In one embodiment the invention provides a method of preparing a compound of formula
28b:
or a salt thereof, comprising converting a corresponding compound of formula 26:
~ OBn
R a-pJ
to the compound of formula 28b or the salt thereof, wherein Bn is optionally substituted with one
or more (e.g. 1,2 or 3) groups selected from (C -C )alkyl and -O(C -C )alkyl; R6 is aryl optionally
1 6 1 6
substituted with one or more groups (e.g. 1,2,3,4 or 5) selected from (C.-C )alkyl
and -O(C[-C6)alkyl; R7 is (C1-CIO)alkyl, (C3-C7)cycloalkyl, (C -C )cycloalkyl(C.-C )alkyl-,
3 7 6
aryl(C\-C )alkyl- or aryl; and R is an amino acid sidechain.
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The compound of formula 26 can be converted to the compound of formula 28b by the
same method outlined for the conversion of 16 to 18b except that an amino acid can be used
instead of alanine ethyl ester.
In another embodiment the invention provides a method of preparing a mixture of a
compound of formula 27 and a compound of formula 28:
comprising converting a corresponding compound of formula 16:
~ OBn
R 0-pJ
to the mixture of the compound of formula 27 and the compound of formula 28, wherein Bn is
optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2 or 3) groups selected from (C l-C )alkyl
and -O(C -C )alkyl; R6 is aryl optionally substituted with one or more groups (e.g. 1,2,3,4 or 5)
(C -C )alkyl and -O(C -C R7 is (CJ-CIO)alkyl, (C -C )cycloalkyl,
selected from )alkyl;
1 6 J 6 3 7
(C3-C7)cycloalkyl(Cl-C6)alkyl-, aryl(Cl-C6)alkyl- or aryl; and R8 is an amino acid sidechain.
The compound of formula 26 can be converted to a mixture of the compound of formula
27 and the compound of formula 28 by the same method used to convert a compound of formula
16 to a mixture of the compound of formula 17 and the compound of formula 18 except that an
(S)-amino acid can be used instead ofL-alanine ethyl ester.
In one embodiment the invention provides a method of isolating a compound of formula
or a salt thereof from a mixture of a compound of formula 27 and a compound of formula 28:
or a salts thereof, wherein Bn is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1, 2 or 3) groups
WO 20121159047
selected from (CI-C6)alkyI and -O(C -C )alkyl; R6 is aryl optionally substituted with one or more
groups (e.g. 1,2,3,4 or 5) selected from (C -C )alkyl and -O(C -C )alkyl; R7 is (C1-ClO)alkyl,
1 6 J 6
-C )cycloalkyl, (C -C )cycloalkyl(C -C )alkyl-, aryl(C -C )alkyl- or aryl; and R8 is an amino
1 1 6
3 7 3 7 6
acid sidechain.
A mixture of the compound of formula 27 and the compound of formula 28 can be
separated to provide the compound of formula 28 by the same method used to separate the mixture
of the compound of formula 17 and the compound of formula 18 to provide the compound of
fornmla 18.
In one embodiment the invention provides a method of preparing a compound of formula
30b:
or a salt thereof, comprising converting a corresponding compound of formula 28b:
7 H?
R 02CyN--f~oBn
R6 R 0
or a salt thereof to the compound of formula 30b or the salt thereof, wherein Bn is optionally
substituted with one or more (e.g. 1,2 or 3) groups selected from (C -C )alkyl and -O(C -C )alkyl;
1 6 6
R is aryl optionally substituted with one or more groups (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) selected from
(C -C )alkyl and -O(C[-C )alkyl; R7 is (Cl-CLO)alkyl, (C -C )cyc1oalkyl,
1 6 6 3
(C -C )cyc1oalkyl(C -C6)alkyl-, aryl(Cl-C6)alkyl- or aryl; and R8 is an amino acid sidechain.
3 7 J
The compound of formula 28b can be converted to the compound of formula 3 Db by the
same method outlined for the conversion of 18b to 19b.
In another embodiment the invention provides a method of preparing a compound of
formula 30:
or a salt thereof, comprising converting a corresponding compound of formula 28:
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or a salt thereof to the compound of fonnula 30 or the salt thereof, wherein Bn is optionally
substituted with one or more (e.g. 1,2 or 3) groups selected from (CI-C6)alkyl and -O(CI-C6)alkyl;
R6 is aryl optionally substituted with one or more groups (e.g. 1,2,3,4 or 5) selected from
(C -C )aIkyl and -O(C -C )alkyI; R7 is (CI-CLO)alkyI, (C -C )cycIoalkyI,
1 6 1 6 7
(C -C )cycloalkyl(C -C )alkyl-, aryl(C C )alkyl- or aryl; and RBis an amino acid sidechain.
3 7 1 6 r 6
The compound of formula 28b or 28 can be converted to the compound of formula 30b or
, respectively, by the same method used to convert the compound of formula I8b or 18 to the
compound offonnula 19b or 19, respectively.
In one embodiment the invention provides a method of preparing a compound of formula
31b:
or a salt thereof, comprising converting a corresponding compound of formula 30b:
7 H 0
R 02CyN ...... ~ OH
1'-../
R8 R 0
or a salt thereof to the compound of formula 31 b or the salt thereof, wherein R is aryl optionally
substituted with one or more groups (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) selected from (C -C )alkyl
and -O(CI-C6)alkyl; R7 is (CI-CLO)alkyl, (C3-C7)cycloalkyl, (C -C )cycloalkyl(C,-C )alkyl-,
3 7 6
aryl(C[-C )alkyI- or aryl; R8 is an amino acid sidechain; and W is a leaving group.
In another embodiment the invention provides a method of preparing a compound of
formula 31 :
or a salt thereof, comprising converting a corresponding compound of formula 30:
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or a salt thereof to the compotUld of fonnula 31 or the salt thereof, wherein R is aryl optionally
substituted with one or more groups (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) selected from (C -C )alkyl
and -O(C]-C )alkyl; R7 is (CI-ClO)alkyl, (C3-C7)cycloalkyl, (C3-C7)cycloalkyl(C -C )alkyl-,
6 1 6
aryl(C[-C )alkyl- or aryl; R is an amino acid sidechain; and W is a leaving group.
The compound of formula 30b or 30 can be converted to the compound of fonnula 31 b or
3 l, respectively, by the same method used to convert the compound of formula 24b or 24 to the
compound of formula 25b or 25, respectively.
In one embodiment the invention provides a compound selected from:
26 27
31
or a salt thereof, wherein Bn is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1,2 or 3) groups
selected from (CI-C6)alkyl and -O(C[-C6)alkyl; R6 is aryl optionally substituted with one or more
groups (e.g. 1,2,3,4 or 5) selected from (CI-C6)alkyl and -O(CI-C6)alkyl; R7 is (C1-C1o)alkyl,
(C C )cycloalkyl, (C -C )cycloalkyl(C -C )alkyl-, aryl(C[-C6)alkyl- or aryl; R8 is an amino acid
r 7 3 7 1 6
sidechain; and W is a leaving group, which compounds are useful intermediates for preparing
certain compounds oflnternational Patent Application Publication Number and
International Patent Application Publication Number , or salts or stereo isomers
thereof.
In another embodiment the invention provides a compound selected from:
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or a salt thereof, wherein Bn is optionally substituted with one or more (e.g. 1,2 or 3) groups
selected from (C1-Cti)alkyl and -O(CI-C6)alkyl~ R6 is aryl optionally substituted with one or more
(e.g. 1,2,3,4 or 5) groups selected from (CI-C6)alkyl and -O(Ct-C6)alkyi; R7 is (Ct-ClO)alkyl,
(C3-C7)cycloalkyl, (C3-C7)cycloalkyl(Ct-C6)alkyl-, aryl(C -C )alkyl- or aryl; R8 is an amino acid
sidechain; and W is a leaving group, which compounds are useful intermediates for preparing
certain compounds ofIntemational Patent Application Publication Number and
International Patent Application Publication Number , or salts or stereoisomers
thereof.
The following provisos relate to both method and compound embodiments of the
invention as described above.
In one embodiment the compound of formula 25 is not:
PhO_~,
PhO H
In one embodiment the compound of formula 26 is not:
~ OBn
PhO-p
In one embodiment the compound of formula 27 or 28 is not:
EI02CiN1~OBn
In one embodiment the compound of formula 27 or 28 is not:
iPro c N --r~OBn
In one embodiment the compound of formula 2gb is not:
Et0 C N-{'-./OBn
In one embodiment the compound of formula 28b is not:
iPro c N --r~OBn
In one embodiment the compound of formula 30 or 30b is not:
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In one embodiment the compound of formula 30 or 30b is not:
iPr02CyN ___ ~ OH
I / '-../
In one embodiment the compound of formula 31 or 31 b is not:
iPr02CyN ___ ~ W
I / '-.../
In cases where compounds identified herein are sufficiently basic or acidic to form stable
acid or base salts, the invention also provides salts of such compounds. Such salts may be useful
as intermediates, for example, for purifYing such compounds. Examples of useful salts include
those formed with organic acids, for example, tosylate, methanesulfonate, acetate, citrate,
malonate, tartrate, succinate, benzoate, ascorbate, a-ketoglutarate, and a-glycerophosphate.
Suitable inorganic salts may also be formed, including hydrochloride, sulfate, nitrate, bicarbonate,
and carbonate salts.
Salts may be obtained using standard procedures well known in the art, for example by
reacting a sufficiently basic compound such as an amine with a suitable acid affording an arnon.
Alkali metal (for example, sodium, potassium, or lithium) or alkaline earth metal (for example
calcium or magnesium) salts of carboxylic acids, for example, can also be made.
Scheme 1 illustrates the method that was used to prepare the compound of formula 13
Scheme 2 illustrates a method that can be used to prepare other isomers of a compound of formula
13 (e.g. a compound of formula 13b) from the compound of formula lOa. Scheme 3 illustrates the
method that was used to prepare the compound of formula 19. Scheme 4 illustrates a method that
can be used to prepare other isomers ofa compound of formula 19 (e.g. a compound offormula
19b). The compound of formula 19 was used as an intermediate to prepare the compound of
formula 13 as described in Scheme 1. The synthetic methods used in the Schemes 1-4 are those
methods described in the embodiments of the invention as described herein.
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Scheme 1
NHR'
F.N NHR'
t-t:~
o OR1
----(0yBr NJL-N~~
R'O~Nb
R'O ,~~ H
, ----
R1o' F ~~-=-3a=--~_
R'o' F
R'O F
1a 2a
FN NHRi
Ho~Nb
HO F
o 0 :=~./NHR'
HO y ~.
" N.o-.. ~N
FN NHR' ~
R SiO F --...-
HO~Nb
R SiO F
o 0 :=~/NHR1
HO Y' ~.
,,- N~N
HO F
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Scheme 2
Eto C N ...... OH
I / '-../
Scheme 3
PhO __ ~
PhO 'H
16 17
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Scheme 4
II OBn
Et02CyN ___ ~ OH
PhO-P _ Et0 C,N "-./OBn
I. 1"-./
18b 19b
Scheme 5 illustrates a synthesis that can be used to prepare a compound offonnula 21
from compound offonnula 20. United States Patent Number 7390791 describes the synthesis of
compound 20. Scheme 6 illustrates a method that can be used to prepare other isomers of a
compound offonnula 21 (e.g. a compound offonnula 2Ib) from the compound of formula 20.
7 illustrates a method that can be used to prepare the compound of fonnula 25. Scheme
Scheme
8 illustrates a method that can be used to prepare other isomers of a compound of formula 24 (e.g.
lOa compound of formula 25b). The compound of formula 25 can be used as an intermediate to
prepare the compound of formula 21 as described in Scheme 5.
SchemeS
Scheme 6
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Scheme 7
PhO __ ~,
Phd H
16 22
Scheme 8
II OBn
ipr02CyN __ ~ OH
PhO-pJ
I I '-./
The processes described herein are useful for preparing additional phosphonamidates;
these additional phosphonamidates are useful for preparing compounds that are reported to be
anti-HIVagents. International Patent Application Publication Number WO 20061110157 and
International Patent Application Publication Number WO 20061015261 describe such agents.
Accordingly, the invention includes the novel phosphonamidates and processes illustrated in
Schemes 9 and Scheme 10.
Scheme 9
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7 H 0
+ R 02CyN"'~'-.,./OBn
R8 R60
26 27
31
Scheme 10
26 28b
The invention also includes the processes and novel compounds of Schemes 11-13 which
are useful for preparing compounds of formulas 13 and 13b.
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Scheme 11
o FN>--<NHB~
selective
deprolection
B~ i_ HBr(g)
HO~~yNy \~
~~~~~~~
)---\. N~
Bzd F ii NHBz
Hd F
, (NJ[)
o r-::N
o 0 r~NHB~
i. PPh , DIAD
oxidation 3 PhO-~ 0 a ~ >--<NHBZ
HO y \~ Phd .......- ,(-y Y \~
" N~N ,. IB 0
,~ N,=,
II. r, OJ
Hd F I' F
PhO-p OH
PhO .......-
coupling with
elimination hydrolysis alanine ethyl ester
PhO-~ 0 0 r~NHBZ
PhO .......- ,(-y Y \~,
"=\ N~N
8MB chromatography
Scheme 12
° r NHBz
PPh3, DIAD
oo~Nb
PhO-1! OH
HO F
Phd ............
o r-N
PhO-1! 0 I ~NHBZ
' ............ Ok '/ \
PhO N
" N~
I" F
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Scheme 13
o r-
NaOSiMe3
PhO-~ 0 0 ~ ~NHBZ
PhO' '-" ,(-Y Y \~
'=\ N~N
MeOH
The invention will now be illustrated by the following non-limiting examples.
Example 1: Preparation of compound 4.
~OyOBZ.
HBr, AcOH
BzO )_--\
azO}:(B']
BzO F
Bz.O F
NHBz
t:r)
N N ~~NH8Z
o N {/
BzO-----(-y \N
)-" N~
THF, NMP
BzO F
A reactor was charged with compound 1 (195 kg, 1.0 mole eq.) (US599431; Tann, C.H. J.
Org. Chern., 1985,50,3644-3647) and methylene chloride (936 kg). The contents were adjusted
to ca. O°C. A solution ofHBrlHOAc (33 wt%) (410 kg, 4.0 mole eq.) was charged while
maintaining the temperature at ca. 0 °C. The contents were agitated at ca. 0 °C until the reaction
was deemed complete by 19F NMR. The reaction mixture was washed with water (975 kg) twice
at ca. 0 °C. The organic layer was then washed with a 10 wfllo Na2C03 solution (975 kg). The
organic layer was dried with Na2S04 (97.5 kg) at ca. 22°C for ca. 30 min and filtered and rinsed
with methylene chloride (98 kg). The combined filtrates were concentrated to -400 liters under
reduced pressure at maximum jacket temperature of 40°C, followed by two co-distillations with
WO 20121159047
tetrahydrofuran (585 kg each) to -400 liters under reduced pressure at maximum jacket
temperature 40 DC. Tetrahydrofuran (2730 kg) was charged to the concentrate followed by
compound 3 (222 kg, 2.2 mole eq.) (Rec. Trac. Chim Pays-Bas 105,528-537, 1986), and NMP (98
kg). The contents were agitated at reflux until the reaction was complete by 19 NMR. The
reaction mixture was filtered and rinsed with tetrahydrofuran (195 kg). The filtrate and rinse were
concentrated to ~400 liters under reduced pressure at maximum jacket temperature 40 DC.
Methylene chloride (975 kg) was charged to the reactor followed by a 3.5 wt% Hel solution (585
kg) and water (780 kg). The contents were agitated at ca. 22 DC for ~ 30 min. The separated
organic layer was washed with water (585 kg) twice at ca. 22 DC, then concentrated to ~400 liters
under reduced pressure at maximum jacket temperature 40°C, followed by co-distillations with
tetrahydrofuran (975 kg) twice to ~ 1,000 liters. The solution was discharged and the reactor rinsed
with tetrahydrofuran (98 kg). Compound 4 was obtained as a tetrahydrofuran solution in 80%
yield (196 kg) with an HPLC purity of92.2% AN (3.9 % a-anomer). lH NMR (400 MHz,
DMSO-d ) 8 11.3 (8, IH), 8.8 (8, IH), 8.6 (8, IH), 8.2-8.0 (m, 6H), 7.8-7.4 (m, 9H), 6.8 (d, IH),
6.0 (d, IH), 5.9 (d, IH), 4.6-4.9 (m, 3H).
Example 2: Preparation of compound 5.
FN NHBz FN NHBz
NaOH
BZO~NO HO~NO
BzO F HO F
Compound 4 (252 kg, 1 mole eq.) was charged to a reactor as a solution in tetrahydrofuran
(1049 kg) and the temperature was adjusted to ca. 3°C. A 7.4 wt% aqueous solution ofNaOH
(1026 kg) was slowly charged to the reactor while maintaining the temperature at ca. 3°C. A
sample of the reaction mixture was checked to ensure the pH was not less than 12. The reaction
mixture was agitated at ca. 3 °c until the reaction was complete. Upon completion, the reaction
mixture was washed with methyl tert-butylether (756 kg) at ca. 3°C. A IN HCl solution (1260 kg)
was slowly charged to adjust the pH to 6 to 7 while maintaining the temperature ca. 3 DC. The
mixture was adjusted to ca. 22°C and tetrahydrofuran (3780 kg) was charged. After agitating the
contents for 1 h, sodium chloride (756 kg) was charged and the aqueous layer was separated and
extracted with tetrahydrofuran (1512 kg). The combined organic layers were concentrated at
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maximum jacket temperature of 40°C to ~ 2500 liters. A sodium chloride solution (NaCI 479 kg;
water 1436 kg) was charged while maintaining the temperature at ca. 40°C. After agitating for 30
min, the phases were separated and the organic layer was concentrated to ~500 liters at maximum
jacket temperature of 45 °e. The concentrate was co-evaporated with methanol (1260 kg) to -500
liters at maximum jacket temperature of 45°C until the THF content was NMT 5% by NMR. The
mixture was adjusted to ca. 22°C and agitated for ~ h. After adjusting the temperature to ca. 3
°c and agitating for ~2 h, the slurry was filtered and rinsed with pre-cooled methanol (252 kg).
45°C. Compound 5 was obtained in 64% yield (102.8 kg)
The product was dried under vacuum at
with an HPLC purity of97.6% AN. IH NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d ).s 11.35 (br s, IH), 8.77 (s,
IH),. 8.61 (s, 1H), 8.04 (m, 2H), 7.63 (m, IH), 7.54 (m, 2H), 6.58 (dd, J = 4.8, 13.6 Hz, IH), 6.05
(br s, 1 H), 5.31 (ddd, J = 4, 4,52.4 Hz, IH), 5.16 (br s, IH), 4.50 (ddd, J = 4.4, 4.4, 18.8 Hz, IH),
3.90 (ddd, J = 4.4, 4.4, 4.4 Hz, IH), 3.69 (m, 2H). 19 NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 0.-196.08
(ddd, J = 14.4, 19.6,54.8 Hz, IF).
Example 3: Preparation of compound 7.
r=-N NHBz
HO~N"b Et,SiCI. OlEA. PhMe
HO F
o N, ~/NHBz
p-TSA, MeOH
HO y~.
" N:--.. N
Et Si6 F '=/
Compound 5 (79.5 kg, 1.0 mole eq.) was charged to a reactor and slurried in toluene (324
kg). Diisopropylethylamine (81 kg, 2.9 mole eq.) was then charged while the internal temperature
was maintained at not more than 50 °c followed by a rinse with toluene (107 kg).
Chlorotriethylsilane (84 kg, 2.9 mole eq.) was then charged while maintaining the internal
temperature at not more than 50 °c followed by a rinse with toluene (16 kg). The reaction mixture
was warmed to ea. 50°C and agitated until the reaction was deemed complete. Upon completion,
the reaction mixture was cooled to ca. a °C and filtered to remove diisopropylethylamine HCI salt,
followed by a rinse with toluene (162 kg). The filtrate was concentrated to ca. 250 liters to remove
residual diisopropylethylamine. The product rich toluene solution was cooled to ca. 0 °C and a
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solution of p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (5.7 kg, 0.l3 mole eq.) in methanol (1130 kg) was
slowly charged while the reaction temperature was maintained at ca. 0 ee, followed by a rinse with
methanol (81 kg). The resulting solution was agitated at ca. 0 ee until the reaction was deemed
complete. Once complete, the reaction mixture was quenched with 0.5% sodium bicarbonate
solution (811 kg), followed by the addition of methylene chloride (564 kg). The organic layer was
separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with methylene chloride (564 kg) twice. The
organic layers were combined and solvent exchanged to isopropyl acetate. After being
concentrated to ~240 liters, the resulting slurry was cooled to ca. 0 °e and agitated at that
temperature for ~2 h then filtered, followed by a rinse with isopropyl acetate (79.5 kg). The solid
product, compound 7, was dried under vacuum at a maximum temperature of 40 °e. Compound
7 was obtained in 77.8% yield (81 kg) with an HPLC purity of 94% AN. lH NMR (400 MHz,
CDCb) c5 9.35 (br s, 1H), 8.82 (8, IH),. 8.22 (d, J = 2 Hz, 1 H), 8.03 (m, 2H), 7.60 (m, 1H), 7.52 (m,
2H), 6.51 (dd, J = 4, 17.2 Hz, IH), 5.07 (ddd, J = 2.4, 4, 52 Hz, 1H), 4.66 (ddd, J = 2.4, 4, 17.6
Hz, IH), 4.03 (ddd, J = 4, 4,4 Hz, 1H), 3.78 (m, 1H), 3.86 (m, IH), 3.94 (m, IH), 0.97 (t, J = 8
Hz, 9H), 0.66 (q,J= 8 Hz, 6H). 19 NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d 8 -195.19 (ddd, J = 18.5, 18.5,
56.0, IF).
Example 4: Preparation of compound 9.
TEMPO, Phl(OAch
NaOMe, MeOH
Compound 7 (86.4 kg, 1.0 mole eq.) was charged to a reactor followed by the addition of
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acetonitrile (778 kg). The contents were adjusted to 40°C and agitated for -15 min, then adjusted
to 22 DC. Water (778 kg), NaHC0 (104 kg), and TEMPO (9.5 kg, 0.34 mole eq.) were charged
to the reactor ensuring the pH is not less than 8. Diacetoxyiodobenzene (173 kg, 3.03 mol eq.) was
charged to the reactor in -10 equal portions while maintaining the temperature at ca. 22°C, the
reaction mixture was agitated for -15 min between each portion. As needed, 30% acetic acid was
added to maintain the pH at 6.5 to 7.0. 1 N NaHC0 solution was added to back adjust the pH as
needed. The reaction mixture was agitated at ca. 22°C until the reaction was deemed complete.
Upon completion, a 10% sodium sulfite solution (104 kg) was charged maintaining the internal
temperature at ca. 22°C and agitated for -15 min. A KI paper test was conducted; if a positive test
result, additional 10% sodium sulfite solution (26 kg) was charged. 2-Methyltetrahydrofuran (691
kg) and water (259 kg) were charged to extract the intermediate compound 8. The separated
aqueous was extracted with 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (302 kg). 12 N HCI solution (101 kg) was
slowly charged to the aqueous layer at ca. 22°C to adjust the pH to 3.0 to 3.5, followed by addition
of sodium chloride (86 kg) and tetrahydrofuran (346 kg) to extract the intermediate compound 8' .
The aqueous layer was extracted with tetrahydrofuran (346 kg). The combined organic solutions
were charged to a reactor, followed by NaHC0 (138 kg). The mixture was agitated at ca. 22°C
for 1 h, and concentrated to ca. 170 liters at maximum jacket temperature of 60°C. The
concentrate was then co-evaporated with toluene (432 kg) three times. Toluene (432 kg) was
charged to the resulting residue and an in-process KF analysis was conducted (KF NMT 0.5%), the
mixture was then concentrated to ca. 170 liters at maximum jacket temperature of 60°C. Methanol
(437 kg and 86 kg) and a 25% NaOMe solution in methanol (82 kg) were charged to the reactor,
and the reaction mixture was agitated at ca. 22 DC until the reaction was complete. Upon
completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was adjusted to ca. 10°C and a 6 N HCI solution
was slowly charged to adjust the pH to 3.0 (2.8 to 3.2) while maintaining the temperature at NMT
25°C. Water (173 kg) was charged while maintaining the temperature at NMT 25°C. The
contents were adjusted to ca. 22 DC and agitated at that temperature for -2 h. The slurry was
filtered and rinsed with water (86 kg) twice and tetrahydrofuran (43 kg) twice. The product
(compound 9) was dried at maximum jacket temperature of 60°C until KF was not more than
1.0%. Compound 9 was obtained in 71.8% yield (33.8 kg) with an HPLC purity of98.2% AN. IH
NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-c4) 08.37 (s, IH), 8.14 (s, IH), 7.38 (s, 2H), 6.53 (d, 3J _ 23.2 Hz, IB),
.07 (d, 2 _ 50.8 Hz, IH), 4.63 (d, 3J _ 9.99 Hz, IH), 4.54 (s, lB).
JH F H F
19F NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d ) 0 -198.19 (m, IF).
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Example 5: Preparation of compound 10.
o 0 :=~/NH2
HO yr ~,
,,' N~N
DIAD
HO F
CompoWld 9 (30 kg, 1,0 mole eq,) was charged to a reactor followed by
triphenylphosphine (90 kg, 3.3 mole eq.) and the solids were slurried in tetrahydrofUran (150 kg).
Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate (72 kg, 3.4 mole eq.) was slowly charged to the slurry over a
minimum of 120 min and maintaining the reaction temperature not more than 35°C. After the
addition was complete, the lines were rinsed with tetrahydrofuran (15 kg). The contents were
agitated for ca. 12 h at 22 cC Wltil the reaction was deemed complete by 19 NMR. The reaction
mixture was filtered through a polishing filter into another reactor followed by a rinse with
tetrahydrofuran (30 kg). The filtered reaction mixture was cooled to ca. -22°C. Methyl
tert-butylether (150 kg) was charged over a minimum of 1 h and then heptanes (600 kg) over a
minimum of 8 h, maintaining a maximwn of -22 DC. The resultant slurry was then agitated for
ca. 10 hat -10 cc and filtered. The filter cake was rinsed with two portions of cold (-10 DC) methyl
tert-butylether (60 kg) each. The wet cake was transferred to the reactor and reslurried in methyl
tert-butylether (3000 kg), at ca. 35 DC for ca. 20 h. The reaction mixture was adjusted to 18°C,
and then agitated for a minimum of 3 h. The slurry was filtered and rinsed with two portions of
methyl tert-butylether (60 kg). Before drying, a sample of filter cake was obtained for DIAD-H2
and TPPO contents (TPPO by 31 NMR ~8%, DIAD-H2 by IH NMR). If necessary, the methyl
tert-butylether reslurry was repeated. The product (compoWld 10) was dried Wlder vacuum at
maximum 40°C. CompoWld 10 was obtained in 77% yield (39.4 kg, corrected for purity and
MTBE contents by NMR analysis). IH NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d ) 8 8.05 (d, J = 3.2 Hz, IH),
7.99 (s, IH), 7.89-7.79 (m, 6H), 7.66-7.52 (m, 9H), 7.24 (s, IH), 6.72 (dd, J - 5.6 Hz, 3 _ 28.4
H H F
Hz, IH), 5.80 (dd, J - 3.6 Hz, 2 _ 59.9 Hz, IH), 5.62 (s, IH). 19F NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d )
H H F 6
b -167.88 (dd, 3 _ 28.6 Hz, 2 _ 59.4 Hz, IF). 31 NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) b 17.36 (s, IP).
JH JH
Example 6: Preparation of compoWld 11.
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Iodine (165 kg, 8.0 mole eq.) and tetrahydrofuran (236 kg) were charged to a reactor. The
mixture was agitated for ca. 1 h at ca. 22 DC followed by addition of 4A molecular sieves (9.9 kg).
The contents were adjusted to ca. -12 DC, and compound 19 (26.0 kg, 1.1 mole eq.) and
tetrahydrofuran (39 kg) were charged. Compound 10 (38.8 kg, corrected for purity, 1.0 mole eq.)
was added at ca. -12 °C (Note: the addition is mildly exothermic; the first portion should be less
than 10% of the total weight), followed by tetrahydrofuran (39 kg). The contents were agitated for
ca. 18 h at ca. -12°C then at ca. 22°C until the reaction was complete. The reaction mixture was
filtered and the reactor rinsed with two portions oftetrahydrofuran (79 kg). Methylene chloride
(197 kg) was charged to the filtrate and the temperature was adjusted to ca. -15°C, followed by
addition of a solution of sodium sulfite (197 kg) in water (1036 kg) (For the first ca. 50% of the
addition, the internal temperature was maintained at NMT 0 DC. For the remainder of the addition,
the internal temperature was kept at not more than 10°C; the addition of the first 20% is very
exothermic). After adjusting the internal temperature to ca. 15°C, a sample was taken to confirm
the pH is 6 to 7. Toluene (1180 kg) was charged and the layers were separated. The organic layer
was concentrated to a volume of ca. 250 liters at maximum jacket temperature 40°C. Methylene
chloride (39 kg) was charged and the contents adjusted to ca. 30°C and agitated until a clear
solution was achieved. The solution was slowly charged to heptane (985 kg) that was pre-cooled
to ca. 0 °C over a minimum of 30 min. The resultant slurry was agitated for 2 h and then filtered
and rinsed with two portions of heptane (79 kg). The filter cake was dried at maximwn internal
temperature of 35 DC. Compound 11 was obtained in 81 % yield (58.5 kg, corrected for purity and
LOD) with an HPLC purity of80.9% AN. IH NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d ) D 8.12 (s, IH), 8.07(d,
J = 3.2 Hz, IH), 7.86-7.89 (m, 6H), 7.51-7.55 (m, 3H), 7.41-7.44 (m, 6H), 7.23-7.35 (m, 5H),
7.18-7.20 (m, 2H), 7.04 (dd, J = 3.6, 19.5 Hz, IH), 5.53 (s, IH), 5.35 (dd, J = 4.0,52.8 Hz, IH),
4.10---4.25 (m, 3H), 3.92 (t, J = 10.8, 1 H), 3.87 (dd, J = 10.4, 13.6 Hz, 1 H), 1.22-1.29 (m, 6H).
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19F NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-~) 8 -163.93 (dddd, J = 4.0, 20.8, 20.8,56.4 Hz, IF).
31 NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-~) 818.4 (s, IP), 19.1 (s, IP).
Example 7: Preparation of compound 12.
H ~ r N-
Et02C'y"'"'N·,,'-..r 0 N N -PPh
Oxone
I PhO '\;:( 1~~
Compound 11 (42 kg, corrected for LOD, 1.0 mole eq.) was charged to a reactor followed
by 2-butanone (504 kg) and a sodium phosphate buffer solution [NaH P0 ' H 0 (4.6 kg),
2 4 2
Na2HP04 (22 kg and water (420 kg)]. A 20% potassium peroxymonosulfate (2310 kg, 20 mole
eq.) solution and 10% sodium hydroxide solution (882 kg) were charged simultaneously to the
reaction mixture, for a minimum of 4 h, at 20°C maintaining a pH range of 6.0 to 7.0. During the
reaction, the pH should be adjusted with the 10% sodium hydroxide solution to maintain a pH of
6.0 to 7.0. After the reaction was deemed complete, water (630 kg) and ethyl acetate (420 kg)
were added. The contents were cooled to ca. 10°C and a mixture of sodium metabisulfite (101 kg)
and sodium sulfite (46 kg) in water (265 L) were charged over a minimwn of 1 h, maintaining a
temperature range ca. 10°C and a pH range (6.5-8.0). The mixture was agitated for a minimwn
of 10 min, then the absence of oxidant was confirmed with wet KI paper (the sample is acidified
with 1 N HCI until pH::S 2). Water (420 kg) was charged and the contents were warmed to ca. 20
DC. The phases were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (420 kg).
The combined organic layers were washed with brine [sodium chloride (21 kg) water (84 kg)] then
the layers were separated. The organic layer was concentrated to ca. 200 liters at maximwn
temperature of 40°C. The concentrate was co-evaporated with ethyl acetate (420 kg) until the KF
::;0.5%. The concentrate was filtered through a polishing filter followed by a rinse with ethyl
acetate (84 kg). The product rich ethyl acetate concentrate was added to a mixture of methyl
tert-butylether (210 kg) and n-heptane (1500 kg) over a minimum of 1 h and the resultant slurry
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was agitated for a minimum of 1 h at co. 20°C. The slurry was cooled to co. -10°C over 2 h and
agitated for at least 1 h. The contents were filtered and filter cake was rinsed with two portions of
cold (-15 to -5°C) n-heptane (200 kg). The product (compound 12), was dried under vacuum at
maximum 30°C. Compound 12 was obtained in 62% yield (22 kg) with an HPLC purity of 72%
AN. IH NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 0 8.12 (s, IH), 8.04 (s, Ih), 7.93-7.87 (m, 3H), 7.55-7.51
(m, 3H), 7.46---7.42 (m, 6H), 7.24--7.20 (m, 3H), 7.15-7.13 (m, 2H), 7.06 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, IH), 6.76
(d, J = 2.8 Hz, IH), 5.83 (d, J = 4.0 Hz, IH), 5.72 (s, IH), 4.21-4.11 (m, 3H), 3.91 (dd, J = 9.2,
14.0 Hz, IH), 3.67 (t, J = 10.8 Hz, IH), 1.33 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H), l.24 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H). 19F
NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d ) 0 -130.13 (br, s, IF). 31 NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d ) 019.96 (s,
IP), 17.89 (s, IP).
Example 8: Preparation of compound 13.
Compound 12 (22 kg, 1.0 mole eq.) was charged to a reactor and dissolved in methylene
chloride (66 kg). The contents were agitated at an internal temperature of20 cC. Acetic acid (11
kg) was charged to the solution at a rate to maintain the internal temperature of not more than 25
cc. Water (5.5 kg) was then charged to the reaction. The reaction was agitated at ca. 22°C until
not more than 5% of compound 12 remained by HPLC. Upon completion, the internal
temperature was cooled to ca. 3°C. A 7.7 weight % sodium bicarbonate solution [NaHC03 (20
kg), water (242 kg)] was charged until a pH value of ca. 7.0 was achieved maintaining a maximum
of ca. 10 nc. Methylene chloride (88 kg), methyl tert-butylether (44 kg) and water
temperature
(110 kg) were added and the mixture was agitated at a maximum temperature of 6°C. The phases
were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted twice with a mixture of methylene chloride
(110 kg) and methyl tert-butylether (44 kg), then once with a mixture of methylene chloride (25
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kg) and methyl tert-butylether (18 kg) at a maximum temperature of 6 dc. The organic layers were
combined, and dried over magnesium sulfate (22 kg) lUltil a KF value ofNMT 0.3% is achieved.
The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under vacuum. The resultant
concentrate was purified by silica gel (165 kg) column chromatography. The column was
conditioned with methylene chloride and the product rich concentrate was eluted with a mixture
of methanol and ethyl acetate. The fractions were collected and concentrated under vacuum with
a maximum j acket temperature of 30 DC. The resultant compound 13 solution was stored at frozen
conditions. The solution contained compound 13 in 54% yield (7.7 kg) with an HPLC purity of
95% AN. IH NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-~) 8 8.21 (s, IH), 8.20 (s, IH), 7.46 (br, IH), 7.32-7.28
(m, 2H), 7.16--7.10 (m, 3H), 6.87 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, IH), 6.15 (s, IH), 5.97 (d, J = 4.0 Hz, IH), 5.81
(dd, J= 10.0, 12.0 Hz, 1H), 4.07-3.83 (m, 5H), 1.14 (t,J= 8 Hz, 3H), 1.12 (t,J= 6.8 Hz, 3H).
19FNMR (400 MHz, DMSO-~) IS -131.62 (s, IF). 31 NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) IS 21.68 (s,
IP).
Example 9. Preparation ofbenzyloxymethylphosphonic acid, monophenyl ester, monosodium
salt (compound 16).
DSiMe3
Me3SiNAcF3
OSiMe3 ]
PhO ...... ~
PhO ......
I 'H
II OBn II OBn
1) THF, KOH
PhO-PJ'
PhO-~.J
2) Hel
OPh ONa
3) NaCI
Diphenyl phosphite 15 (406.7 kg, 1 mole eq.) was charged to a reactor. The internal
temperature was adjusted to 32 to 38°C, followed by the addition of
bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTF A) (459 kg, 1.03 mole eq.) while maintaining the
internal temperature within this range. The resulting mixture was agitated at this temperature until
complete by 31 NMR (normally 1 to 3 h). Upon reaction completion, benzyl chloromethyl ether
(BOMCI) (327 kg, 1.17 mole eq.) was charged and the reaction mixture was heated to ca. 75°C
and agitated until complete by 31 NMR. Once complete, the reaction mixture was cooled to ca.
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22°C and tetrahydrofuran (731 kg) was added. The mixture was then quenched with water (3289
kg) while the temperature was maintained below 40°C (exotherm was observed). The
temperature was then adjusted to ca. 22°C and 45% w/w KOH solution (1289 kg) was added and
the mixture was agitated at ca. 22°C until the reaction was judged complete by TLC (typically 10
to 14 h). The organic layer was removed and the pH of the aqueous layer was adjusted to 6.8 to
7.2 with concentrated HCl. The neutral aqueous layer was washed with ethyl acetate (1462 kg) at
the temperature range of 40 to 46°C. The ethyl acetate layer was charged with heptane (154 kg)
and the resulting mixture was back extracted with water (548 kg) at the temperature range of 40 to
46°C. The aqueous layers were combined and washed twice with a mixture of heptane (406 kg)
and ethyl acetate (544 kg) at the temperature range of 40 to 46°C. The aqueous layer was
concentrated under vacuwn to ca. 5000 liters with the jacket temperature set at a maximum 65°C.
Water (812 kg) was charged, followed by portion-wise addition of sodiwn chloride (844 kg)
while the pot temperature was maintained at the range between 62 and 68°C. A thick slurry was
formed and the pot temperature was slowly adjusted to ca. 3 °C over a period of 4 h. After being
agitated at ca. 3 °C for ca. 2 h, the product was filtered cold and rinsed first with a cold (2 to 8°C)
brine solution (20 kg NaCI in 146 kg water), then heptane (ca.700 kg). After being dried in oven
ca. 70 cC, compound 16, was obtained in 82% yield (427.5 kg, corrected for
under vacuwn at
HPLC purity and KF) as a white solid with an HPLC purity of98.9% AN. lH NMR (400 MHz,
CDCb) 0 7.~.9 (m, 10H), 4.49 (5, 2H), 3.72 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 2H). 31p NMR (400 MHz, CDCh)
(5 18.74 (s, IP).
Example 10: Preparation ofN-(benzyloxymethylphenoxyphosphinylidene)-L-alanine ethyl ester
(compound 17 and compound 18)
9 OBn
PhO-~J
9 OBn
PhO-P.....I +
9 OBn o
PhO-P
rP-OPh
BnO 8
toluene, DMF
Chloridate Anhydride intermediate
17 18
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Compound 16 (216.8 kg, 1.0 mole eq.), was charged to a reactor, followed by
N-N-dimethylformamide (11 kg) and toluene (1037 kg). The temperature was adjusted to 0 to 6
°C, followed by the slow addition of a solution of oxalyl chloride (108 kg, 1.18 mole eq.) in
toluene (216 kg) over a minimum period of 4 h while the temperature was maintained at maximum
15°C. The reactor was rinsed forward with toluene (65 kg). The temperature was adjusted to 37
to 43 °C and the mixture was agitated at this temperature until the reaction was judged complete
by 31 NMR. Once the reaction was complete, the temperature was adjusted to 19 to 25°C and the
sodium chloride by~product was filtered, followed by a rinse with toluene (216.8 kg). The filtrate
containing the desired intermediate was concentrated under vacuum to dryness and co-evaporated
twice with toluene (432 kg) to remove residual oxalyl chloride with a maximum jacket
temperature of 60°C. A previously dried (with sodium sulfate) solution of L-alanine ethyl ester
HCI (126 kg, 1.11 mole eq.) in methylene chloride (1306 kg) was added to the product rich toluene
concentrate at 19 to 25°C and the temperature of the resulting mixture was adjusted to 7 to 13 °C.
Diisopropylethylamine (212 kg, 2.28 mole eq.) was slowly added to the reaction mixture while
the temperature was maintained at not more than 25°C. Once the addition was complete, the
reaction mixture was adjusted to 19 to 25 °C and agitated until the reaction was judged complete
by 31 NMR. The reaction mixture was washed twice with a KH PO.JNaOH, 0.05M (PH 7) buffer
solution (432 kg) and the organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate (86 kg). Sodium sulfate was
filtered and the filter cake was washed with methylene chloride (108.4 kg). The filtrate was then
treated with silica gel (130 kg) in heptane (907 kg) at 19 to 25°C. The silica gel was filtered and
rinsed with two portions of a mixture of methylene chloride (216 kg) and heptane (151 kg). The
combined filtrates were concentrated to dryness under vacuum with a maximum jacket
temperature of 60°C, followed by a co-evaporation with absolute ethanol (648 kg). Absolute
ethanol (216 kg) was charged to the concentrate and the mixture was agitated until a homogeneous
solution was obtained. The concentration of the product solution was adjusted to -50 weight %
for the subsequent 5MB separation. The product (mixture of compounds 17 and 18) was obtained
as an ethanolic solution in 87% yield (237.6 kg) with an HPLC purity of87.8% AN. IHNMR (400
MHz, CDCh) () 7.4-7.1 (m, lOH), 4.7-4.4 (m, 2H), 4.2~3.9 (m, 3H), 3.9~3.6 (m, 3H), 1.4-1.2 (m,
6H). 31 NMR (400 MHz, CDCh) () 23.72 (s, IP), 22.78 (s, IP).
Example 11: Resolution of compound 18.
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simulated moving bed
Et02Cy N",:p'-../OBn
chromatography
I PhO
The resolution was perfonned on Chiralpak: AS with an ethanol and heptane mobile phase
using simulated moving bed (SMB) chromatography. The mixture of compound 17 and
compound 18 (238 kg) was resolved to provide compound 18 as an ethanolic solution (104 kg of
compound 18) in a 44% yield with an HPLC purity of 98.1 % AN and a de of 99.8%. IH NMR
(400 MHz, CDCb) 8 7.5-7.1 (m, lOH), 4.64 (s, 2H), 4.3-4.0 (m, 3H), 3.9-3.7 (m, 2H), 3.7-3.5
(m, IH), 1.29 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 3H), 1.22 (t, J= 7.2 Hz, 3H). 31 NMR (400 MHz, CDCh) {) 22.74
(s, IP).
Example 12: Preparation of compound 19.
18 19
Compound 18 (103 kg, 1.0 mole eq.) as an ethanolic solution (254 kg) was charged to a
reactor followed by the addition of methylene chloride (311 kg). Water (208 kg) was charged,
maintaining a maximum temperature of25 °C (addition is exothennic). The reactor contents were
adjusted to 22°C followed by phase separation. The organic layer was washed with water (208 kg)
one more time at 22 °C. Methylene chloride (208 kg) was charged to the organic layer. The
resulting solution was hydrogenated at a maximum temperature of ca. 22°C using ca. 50 psi
hydrogen with agitation in the presence of 10% PdJC (10.4 kg), until NMT 1 % of compound 18
remained by HPLC %AN. The reaction mixture was adjusted to ca. 0 °C and the catalyst was
removed by filtration, rinsing with cold methylene chloride (146 kg) twice. The filtrate was
washed with water (208 kg) maintaining a maximum temperature of ca. 13 °C. The organic layer
was concentrated under vacuum to ca. 104 liters and methyl tert-butylether (520 kg) was charged
to the concentrate. The reactor contents were concentrated to ca. 416 L. Methyl tert-butylether
(312 kg) was charged to the concentrate. The reactor contents were concentrated to ca. 520
L, yielding a slurry. The slurry was adjusted to ca. -20 ºC and agitated at that temperature for
a minimum of 3 h. The product was filtered and rinsed with cold MTBE (70 kg). The
product was dried under vacuum until an LOD value of maximum 1% was achieved.
Compound 19 was obtained in 83% yield (64.8 kg) with an HPLC purity of 99.8% AN and
a de of 99.8% and stored at refrigerated conditions. H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d )
7.36-7.32 (m, 2H), 7.21-7.13 (m, 3H), 5.55-5.49 (dd, J = 12.0, 10.4 Hz, 1H), 5.37 (dt, J =
11.6, 6.0, 6.0 Hz, 1H), 4.02 (ddd, J = 14, 7.2, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 3.91 (ddd, J = 14, 7.2, 2.4 Hz, 1H),
3.75 (t, J = 6.4, 2H), 1.19 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H), 1.14 (t, J = 7.2, 3H).
P NMR (400 MHz, CDCl ) 25.86 (s, 1P).
All publications, patents, and patent documents are incorporated by reference herein, as
though individually incorporated by reference. The invention has been described with
reference to various specific and preferred embodiments and techniques. However, it should
be understood that many variations and modifications may be made while remaining within
the spirit and scope of the invention.
The reference in this specification to any prior publication (or information derived from it),
or to any matter which is known, is not, and should not be taken as an acknowledgment or
admission or any form of suggestion that that prior publication (or information derived from
it) or known matter forms part of the common general knowledge in the field of endeavour
to which this specification relates.
Throughout this specification and the claims which follow, unless the context requires
otherwise, the word "comprise", and variations such as "comprises" and "comprising", will
be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated integer or step or group of integers or steps
but not the exclusion of any other integer or step or group of integers or steps.
Claims (1)
1. A compound selected from the group consisting of: wherein; Bn is optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of (C -C )alkyl and -O(C -C )alkyl; 1 6 1 6 each R is independently -C(=O)(C -C )alkyl, -C(=O)(C -C )cycloalkyl 1 6 3 7 or -C(=O)aryl, wherein -C(=O)(C -C )cycloalkyl or -C(=O)aryl is optionally substituted with one or more (C -C )alkyl groups; each R is independently aryl or (C -C )alkyl, wherein aryl is optionally substituted with one or more (C -C )alkyl groups; 3 5 5 R is I, R Se or R S; each R is independently (C -C )alkyl, (C -C )cycloalkyl or aryl, wherein aryl or 1 6 3 7 (C -C )cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more (C -C )alkyl groups; and 3 7 1 6 each R is independently (C -C )alkyl, (C -C )cycloalkyl or aryl, wherein aryl or 1 6 3 7 (C -C )cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more (C -C )alkyl groups; 3 7 1 6 or a salt thereof. H:\rec\Interwoven\NRPortbl\DCC\REC\8732329_1.doc-11/
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US201161488133P | 2011-05-19 | 2011-05-19 | |
| US61/488,133 | 2011-05-19 | ||
| PCT/US2012/038615 WO2012159047A1 (en) | 2011-05-19 | 2012-05-18 | Processes and intermediates for preparing anti-hiv agents |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NZ618939A NZ618939A (en) | 2015-11-27 |
| NZ618939B2 true NZ618939B2 (en) | 2016-03-01 |
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