NZ758234B2 - System and method for medical device identifier - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed is a method and a system for sharing medical records data of a patient with a home medical equipment provider entity and a physician entity using a computerized records management system (110) on a network (160). The medical records data at least includes data associated with a home medical equipment (HME) device (170) provided to the patient. The method comprises the steps of creating a HME device associated patient record in the computerized records management system (110); associating the HME device associated patient record with at least one of the home medical equipment provider entity and the physician entity; and transmitting, via the network (160), data of the HME device associated patient record to a device (140, 150) associated with the home medical equipment provider entity or the physician entity. The HME device associated patient record comprises patient information and an HME device identifier. Wherein the HME device identifier is associated with the HME device (130) and is a unique identifier that distinguishes the HME device (130) provided to the patient from other HME devices registered at the computerized records management system (110). The computerized records management system (110) is configured to provide access to the patient information via the HME device associated patient record in connection with an HME device identifier search, whereby duplicate record creation is avoided. l equipment (HME) device (170) provided to the patient. The method comprises the steps of creating a HME device associated patient record in the computerized records management system (110); associating the HME device associated patient record with at least one of the home medical equipment provider entity and the physician entity; and transmitting, via the network (160), data of the HME device associated patient record to a device (140, 150) associated with the home medical equipment provider entity or the physician entity. The HME device associated patient record comprises patient information and an HME device identifier. Wherein the HME device identifier is associated with the HME device (130) and is a unique identifier that distinguishes the HME device (130) provided to the patient from other HME devices registered at the computerized records management system (110). The computerized records management system (110) is configured to provide access to the patient information via the HME device associated patient record in connection with an HME device identifier search, whereby duplicate record creation is avoided.

Description

’ SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MEDICAL DEVICE IDENTIFIER 1 Cross nce to d Applications This application claims the benefit of the filing date of United States Provisional Patent Application No. 61/708,437 filed October 1, 2012, the disclosure ofwhich is hereby incorporated herein by reference. 2 BACKGROUND OF THE TECHNOLOGY 2.1 FIELD OF THE TECHNOLOGY The present technology relates to device identifiers, such as a serial number, of home medical equipment (HME) devices. The technology may be implemented. in conjunction with devices for the diagnosis, treatment and/or amelioration of respiratory disOrders, and to procedures to prevent respiratory disorders. Thus, the present technology may relate to medical devices, and their use for treating respiratory disorders and for preventing respiratory disorders. 2.2 DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART The respiratory system ofthe body facilitates gas exchange. The nose and mouth form the entrance to the airways-of a patient.

The s include a seriesof branching tubes, which become narrower, shorter and more numerous as they penetrate deeper into the lung. The prime function of the lung is gas ge, allowing oxygen to move from the air into the venous blood and carbon dioxide to move out. The trachea divides into right and left main bronchi, which r divide eventually into terminal bronchioles. The i make up the conducting airways, and do not take part in gas exchange. Further divisions of the airways lead to the respiratory bronchioles, and eventually to the i. The alveolated region of the lung is where the gas exchange takes place, and is referred as the respiratory zone. See West, Respiratory Physiology- the ials.

A range of respiratory ers exist. ctive Sleep Apnea (OSA), a form of Sleep Disordered Breathing (SDB), is characterized by occlusion or obstruction of the upper air passage during sleep. It results from a combination of an abnormally small upper airway and the normal loss_ of muscle tone in the region of the tOngue, soft palate and posterior oropharyngeal wall during sleep. The condition causes the affected patient to stop breathing for s typically of 30 to 120 seconds on, sometimes 200 to 300 times per night. It often causes ive daytime somnolence, and it may cause vascular disease and brain damage. The syndrome is a common disorder, particularly in middle aged overweight males, although a person affected may have no awareness of the problem. See US Patent 4,944,310 (Sullivan).

» Cheyne—Stokes Respiration (CSR) is a disorder of a patient‘s respiratory controller in which there are rhythmic alternating periods of waxing and waning ventilation, causing repetitive de—oxygenation and re-oxygenation of the . al - blood. It is possible that CSR is harmful because of the tive hypoxia. In some patients CSR is associated with repetitive arousal from sleep, which causes severe sleep disruption, increased sympathetic activity, and increased afierload. See US Patent 6,532,959 (Berthon-Jones). y entilation me (OHS) is defined as the combination of severe obesity and awake chronic hypercapnia, in the absence 'of other known causes for hypoventilation. Symptoms include dyspnea, morning headache and excessive daytime sleepiness.

Chronic ctive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) encompasses any of a group of lower airway diseases that have certain teristics in common. These ‘ e increased. resistance to air movement, extended expiratory phase of respiration, and loss of the normal elasticity of the lung. Examples of COPD are emphysema and chronic bronchitis. COPD is caused by chronic tobacco smoking .(primary risk factor), occupational exposures, air ion and genetic factors.

Symptoms include: dyspnea on exertion, chronic cough and sputum production.

Neuromuscular‘Disease (NMD) is a broad term that encompasses many diseases and ailments that impair the functioning of the muscles either directly via intrinsic muscle pathology, or indirectly via nerve pathology. Some NMD patients are Icharacterised by progressive muscular impairment leading to loss of ambulation, being wheelchair-bound, swallowing difficulties, atory muscle weakness and, eventually, death from respiratory failure. Neuromuscular disorders can be divided into rapidly progressive and slowly ssive: (i) Rapidly progressive disorders: Characterised by muscle. impairment that s over months and s in death - within a few years (e.g. Amyotrophic l sclerosis (ALS) and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) in teenagers); (ii) Variable or slowly progressive disorders: Characterised by muscle impairment that worsens over years and only mildly reduces life expectancy (e.g. Limb girdle, capulohumeral and Myotonic muscular phy). Symptoms of respiratory failure in NMD e: increasing generalised weakness, dysphagia, dyspnea on exertion and at rest, fatigue, sleepiness, moming' headache, and difficulties with concentration and mood changes. [1 l] ' Chest wall disorders are a group of thoracic deformities that result in inefficient coupling between the respiratory muscles and the thoracic cage. The disorders are usually characterised by a restrictive defect and share the potential of long term hypercapnic respiratory failure. Scoliosis and/or kyphoscoliosis may cause severe respiratory failure. ms of respiratory failure include: dyspnea on exertion, peripheral oedema, orthopnea, repeated chest infections, morning headaches, e, poor sleep quality and loss of appetite.

Otherwise healthy individuals may take advantage ofsystems and devices to prevent respiratory disorders from arising. '2.2.1 Systems One known product used for treating sleep ered ing is the S9 Sleep Therapy , manufactured by ResMed. 2.2.2 Therapy Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) therapy has been used to treat Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA). The hypothesis is that continuous positive airway pressure acts as a pneumatic splint and may prevent upper airway ion by pushing the soft palate and tongue forward and away from the pesterior oropharyngeal wall.

Non-invasive ventilation (NIV)has been used to treat OHS, COPD, MD and Chest Wall disorders. 2.2.3 Patient Interface The application of a supply of air at positive pressure to the entrance of the airways of a t is facilitated by the use of a patient interface, such as a nasal mask, full-face mask or nasal pillows. A range of patient interface devices are known, however a number of them suffer from being one Or more of obtrusive, aesthetically undesirable, poorly fitting, difficult to use and uncomfortable ally whenworn for long periods of time or when a patient is unfamiliar with a system. Masks designed solely for aviators, as part of personal protection equipment or for the administration of anaesthetics may be tolerable for their original application, but nevertheless be undesirably ortable to be worn for extended periods, for e, while sleeping. 1 Seal-forming portion ' [1 7] Patient interfaces typically include a seal-forming portion.

One type of orming portion extends around the periphery of the patient interface, and is intended to seal against the user's face when force is applied to the patient interface with the seal-forming portion in confronting engagement with the user's face. The seal-forming portion may include an air or fluid filled cushion, a moulded or formed surface of a resilient seal element made of an elastomer such a rubber. With this type of seal-fonning portion, if the fit is not adequate, there will be gaps between the seal-forming n and the 'face, and additional force will be required to force the patient interface against the face in order to achieve a seal.

Another type of orming portion orates a flap seal of thin material so positioned about the periphery of the mask so as to provide a self-sealing action against the face of the user when positive pressure is applied within the‘mask.

Like the previous style of seal forming portion, 'if the match between the face and the mask is ngtgood, additional force may be required to effect a seal, or the mask may leak. Furthermore, if theshape of the seal—forming portion does not match that of the patient, it may crease or buckle in use, giving rise to leaks.

Another form of seal-forming portion may use adhesive to effect a seal.

Some patients may find it enient to constantly apply and remove an adhesive to their face.

A range of patient interface seal-forming portion technologies are disclosed in the following patent applications, ed to ResMed Limited: W0 “ 04,310; ,513; WC 2010/135,785. 2.2.3.2 Positioning and stabilising A seal-forming portion of a patient interface used for positive air pressure therapy is subject to the corresponding force of the air re to disrupt a seal. Thus a variety of techniques have been used to position the seal--forming portion, and to in it in sealing relation with the appropriate portion of the face.

One technique is the use of‘ adhesives. See for example US Patent publication US 2010/0000534. r technique is the 'use of one or more straps and stabilising ses. Many such harnesses suffer from being one or more of ill-fitting, bulky, uncomfortable and awkward to use. 3 Vent technologies Some forms of patient interface systems may include a vent to allow the washout of d carbon dioxide. Many such vents are noisy. Others may block in use and provide insufficient washout. Some vents may be disruptive of the sleep of bed-partner 1100 of the patient 1000, e.g. through noise or focussed airflow.

ResMed Limited has developed a number of improved mask vent technologies. See ,665; ,38l; US 6,581,594; US Patent Application; US 2009/0050156; US Patent Application 2009/0044808.

Table of noise of prior masks (ISO 17510-22007, 10 cmH20 pressure at Mask name IMask type ‘ A-weighted I A-welghted Year (approx) . sound power sound pressure I . level dbA I dbA (uncertainty) I(uncertainty) Glue-on (*) nasal 0.9 42.9 liescat€ " I nasal 175‘ ‘ ‘ I 233 ' standard (*) 233 _. ' 2T3 36 (3) 28 (3) 1 UltraMirage ResMed MSirage Activa ResMed Mirage Micro 29(3) 22 (3) 2008 ResMed Mirage FX ResMed nasal pillows S .

Mirage Swift 7 .

-S(u ReslVied H a nasal plllows 728‘ (3) Mirage Swift II S d nasalpillows SMirage Swift (* one specimen only, measured using test method specified in 1803744 in CPAP mode at 10cmH20) Sound pressure values of a variety of objects are listed below S " A-weighted sound pressure dbA N'oté? (uncertainty) Vacuum cleaner. Nilfisk 68 1303744 at 1m Walter Broadly Litter Hog B+I distance SGrade Conversatlonalspeech lm ce . “_-.._._.___.. _..._..._.__.

'Average home Qu1etlibrary I 1.__._ ,..«........«... 4W.2 ,V.,,,...1_...

Qu1et bedroom at nlght 2.2.3.4 Nasal pillow technologies One form of "nasal pillow is found in the Adam Circuit manufactured by Puritan Bennett. Another nasal pillow, or nasal puff is the subject of US Patent 4,782,832 (Trimble et aI.), assigned to Puritan-Bennett Corporation.

ResMed Limited has manufactured the following products that incorporate nasal pillows: SWIFT nasal pillows mask, SWIFT II nasal pillows mask, SWIFT LT nasal pillows mask, SWIFT sal pillows mask and LIBERTY full- face mask. The following patent applications, assigned to ResMed Limited, be nasal pillows masks: International Patent Application W02004/073,778 (describing amongst other things aspects of ResMed SWIFT nasal pillows), US Patent Application 2009/0044808 (describing amongst other things aspects of ResMed SWIFT LT nasal pillows); lntemational Patent Applications W0 2005/063,328 and ,903 (describing amongst other things aspects of ResMed LIBERTY full-face mask); International Patent Application WO 2009/052,56O (describing amongst other things aspects of ResMed SWIFT FX nasal pillows). 2.2.4 PAP Device The air at positive pressure is typically supplied to the airway of a patient by a PAP device such as a. motor-driven ‘blower. The outlet of the blower is connected via a e delivery conduit to a patient interface as described above. 2.2.5 Sleep" Detection Sleep information may be useful for treating and/or sing respiratory s‘ or may simply be useful for ring health. 2.2.6 Home Medical Equipment Home l equipment (HME) devices is a category of medical devices used for the treatment of patients in their homes. HME devices are usually prescribed by physicians and dispensed by HME ers. Patient records regarding the use'of - HME devices may be maintained in centralized medical ses, such as the EASYCARE ONLINE TM database. Such lized databases may give access to patients’ records to both physicians and HME providers.

*In order to manage a patient’s treatment effectively, HME providers and physicians need to work with the same set of patient records. However, when a ian or HME er is attempting to access a patient record ated with an HME device for the first time, he. or she may create duplicate records. For example, the HME provider or physician may mistype information used to search for the records and as a result they may fail to find existing records that are associated with the HME device. Without realizing that amistake has been made, the HME provider or physician may assume that a record associated with the HME device has not been created yet and, as a result, proceed to create a new patient record, thereby causing duplicate records to exist. .

Previous attempts to provide controlled access to patients’ records and prevent the creation of duplicates have been associated with the introduction of s of unique identifiers that had to be manually ed in the patient’s file.

Many such systems have been found to be complex and unreliable. ingly, the need still exists for a robust and le method for managing data associated with a _ home medical equipment (HME) device provided to a patient by providing a convenient, but at the same time well controlled, access for creating and updating patients' records stored in a centralized medical database.

BRIEF Y OF THE TECHNOLOGY The present technology is ed towards providing health or medical devices and may optionally be used with devices for the diagnosis, amelioration, treatment, and/or prevention of respiratory disorders having one or more of improved comfort, cost, efficacy, ease of use and manufacturability. [3 8] For example, one aspect of the technology relates to a frequent situation where a t has already d ,an HME provider (also referred simply as an- HME), however, when the t later visits a physician the HME still has not created a patient record in a record management system or has created such a record, but has not associated it with the corresponding physician. According to this aspect, a method for managing data associated with a home medical equipment (HME) device provided to a patient may involve storing an HME device identifier on a removable e medium, such as an SD card 'or other type of memory device. When the t received the device from the HME, the device had already included the. removable storage medium having the unique identifier stored on it. As in this case the HME had failed to create a patient record, as this should be done by the physician.

During the patient’s visit to the physician, the ian may receive the storage medium from the patient and connect it to the web based record management system.

For that purpose, the physician will first log on to the record management system. As described further herein, various means, such as a Java® applet, may for example be ‘ configured to facilitate the interaction between such a user and the record ment system. The physician log on may indicate to the record management system the identity of the Physician organization that accesses the system. The record management System may receive the identification of the device and check if such an identifier is already registered on the data management se. When no such record has been previously created by the HME provider, the physician has to create a new patient record in the record management system, During the creation of the record, the identity of the Physician organization and the HME identification (e.g., number) of the device are automatically associated with the patient record.' Data of the particular physician'from the respective Physician organization, who has admitted the t, may also be received and stored on the . As at least his organization is automatically associated with the patient’s record, the physician then has full access to the record and can, for example, upload any sleep data or other health data saved on the memory device. The. physician can then provide the ble storage medium to the patient.

' If the t now takes the storage medium back to the HME provider, the HME provider may use the HME device identifier stored on the medium to locate the patient record created by the physician. The HME provider'is also asked to verify the identity of the patient. For this purpose, the HME provider has to verify that the patient’s name and date of birth, as ed in the record management system, are cal 'to those of the patient who provided the storage medium. Once the patient identity is d, the HME is also automatically associated with the patient’s record, by the details of the HME organization, location and, possibly, the identity of the HME, being received by the system. Once associated with the record, the HME provider can view and modify the record. ‘Afterwards, the HME provider may dispense the HME device back to the patient.

In another aspect, a method is provided : for use in. situations where a patient visits a physician after obtaining an HME device from an HME provider.

According to this aspect, when dispensing the HME device, the HME provider create a t record that associates the patient with an HME device identifier stored on a removable storage medium. During the creation of the record, the HME is automatically associated with the record, which provides the HME with full access to the record. The HME provider may then hand over the removable storage medium to the patient along with the HME device. The patient may take the HME device to physician and provide the removable storage medium to the physician. The physician may usethe HME device identifier stored on the medium to locate the t record created by the HME er. Once the record is identified on the system, the physician has to verify the identity of the patient, by comparing patient’s data (usually the client’s name and date of birth) displayed on the screen by the system, with information obtained from the patient. Alternatively, the system may ask the physician to type the patient’s s, which are then compared with these on the system. Once the identity of the patient has been positively verified, the ian is automatically associated with the , by details of the physician’s organization, organization branch/location and, possibly, the identity of the HME, being received by the system. Depending on predefined arrangements with the Physician’s organization, the physician can now either only access, or access and modify the patient’s data. For example, the physician can upload new data from the memory device or may modify the patient record to include ation identifying the physician as the one in charge of the patient’s treatment with the HME device.

In yet another aspect, when the patent record is initially set up, the unique HME device identification number may be entered either manually ‘ or be automatically ted (e.g., by way of a barcode scanner scanning the device identification number d on the device, or by using wireless connectivity such as Bluetooth to connect to the device which will have“ the number saved in its al memory). The HME device identifier is then erred from the internal memory onto the removable e medium. ,From this point on, either one of the physician and HME provider can perform a records search and can access the patient record based on g the removable storage medium by using either a memory card reader a barcode scanner, if the unique identification number has been . (or by using encoded on the outside of the storage medium). In either case, the HME device identifier is loaded automatically and submitted to the database that is searched.

By removing the need to enter the .HME device identifier manually, typographical errors are prevented from being introduced into the records search.

In yet another aspect, when either one of the physician and HME provider is given a removable storage medium containing an HME device identifier, and fails to find an existing patient record associated with the identifier, they _ may create a new record and associate the, newly-created record with the HME device identifier.

Because the HME device identifier is copied automatically, either from the removable storage medium or wirelessly, when records searches are performed, the possibility of false negative searches due to a mistyped HME device identifier is reduced. This in turn increases the likelihood that a t record associated with the HME deVice identifier is going to be found if such exists, thereby decreasing the likelihood of ate s being created.

Of course, portions of the aspects may form sub-aspects of the present technology. Also, Various ones of the sub-aspects and/or aspects may be combined in s manners and also tute additional aspects -aspects of the present , technology.

Other features of the logy will be apparent from consideration of the information contained in the following detailed description, ct, drawings and claims. 3 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE The present technology is illustrated by way of example, and not by way of limitation, in the figures of the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals refer to similar ts including: 3.1 TREATMENT S Fig. la shows a system in accordance with the present technology A patient 1000 wearing a patient interface 3000, receives a supply of air at positive pressure from a PAP device 4000. Air from the PAP device is humidified in a humidifier 5000, and passes along an air circuit 4170 to the patient 1000.

Fig. lb shows a PAP device in use on a patient with a nasal mask: Fig. 1c shows a PAP device in use on a patient with a full-face mask. 3.2 THERAPY ' 3.2.1 Respiratory system Fig. 2a shows an overviewof a human respiratory system ing the nasal and oral cavities, the larynx, Vocal folds, oesophagus, trachea, bronchus, lung, alveolar sacs, heart and diaphragm.

Fig. 2b shows a view of a human upper airway including the nasal cavity, nasal bone, lateral nasal cartilage, greater alar cartilage, nostril, lip superior, lip inferior, , hard palate, soft palate, oropharynx, tongue, epiglottis, vocal folds, oesophagus and trachea. "3.3 PATIENT INTERFACE Fig. 3 shows a patient interface in accordance with one form of the present technology. 3.4 PAP DEVICE Fig. _4a shows a PAP device in accordance with one form of the present technology.

Fig. 4b shows a schematic diagram of the pneumatic circuit of a PAP device in accordance with one form of the t technology. The directions of am and downstream are indicated.

Fig. 4c shows a tic diagram of the electrical components of a PAP device in accordance withone aspect‘ofthe present logy.

'Fig. 4d shows a schematic diagram of example processes or algorithms implemented in a-PAP device in accordance with an aspect of the present technology.

In this figure, arrows with solid lines indicate an actual flow of information, for example via an onic signal. 3.5 HUMIDIFIER' Fig. 5 shows an example fier in accordance With one aspect of the present technology. 3.6 BREATHING WAVEFORMS Fig. 6a shows a model typical breath waveform of a person while sleeping. The horizontal axis is time, and the vertical axis is respiratory flow. While the parameter values may vary, a typical breath may have the following approximate values: tidal volume, Vt, 0.5L, inhalation time, Ti, 1.65, peak inspiratory'flo'w, Qpeak, 0.4 US, exhalation time, Te, 2.4s, peak expiratory flow, Qpeak, -0.5 US. The total on of the breath, Ttot, is about 43. The person typically breathe-s at a rate of abOut 15 s per minute (BPM), with Ventilation, Vent, about 7.5 'L/minutc. A typical duty cycle, the ratio of Ti to Trot is about 40%.

Fig. 6b shows a patient during Non-REM sleep ing ly over a period of about ninety seconds, with about 34 breaths, being treated with Automatic PAP, and the mask pressure being about 11 cmH20. The top channel shows oximetry (Sp02), the scale has a range of saturation from 90 to 99% in the vertical ion.

The patient maintained a tion of about 95% throughout the period shown. The second channel shows quantitative respiratory airflow, and the scale ranges from -1 to +1 LPS in a vertical direction, and with inspiration positive. Thoracic and abdominal movement are shown in the third and fourth channels.

Fig. 6c shows polysomnography of a patient before a treatment. There are eleven signal channels from top to bottom with a 6 minute'horizontal span. The top two channels both are EEG (electoencephalogram‘) from different scalp locations.

Periodic spikes in second represent cortical arousal and related activity. The third- channel down is ‘submental EMG (electromyogram). Increasing ty around time of arousals represent genioglossus recruitment. The fourth & fifth channels are EOG (electro-ocuIOgram). The sixth channel is an electocardiogram. The seventh channel shows pulse oximetry (Sp02) with repetitive desaturations to below 70% from about ‘ 90%. -The eighth channel is respiratory airflow using nasal cannula connected to differential pressure transducer. Repetitive apneas of 25 to 35 seconds alternating with 10 to 15 second bUrsts of ry breathing coinciding with EEG arousal and increased EMG activity. The ninth Shows movement of chest and tenth shows movement of abdomen. The abdomen shows a crescendo of movement over the length of the apnea leading to the arousal. Both become untidy during the arousal due to gross body nt during recovery hyperpnea. The apneas are therefore obstructive, and the condition is severe. The, lowest channel is posture, and in this example it does not show change.

Fig. 6d shows patient flow data where the patient is experiencing a series of total obstructive apneas. The duratiOn of the recording is approximately 160 seconds. Flow ranges from about +1 Us to about -l.5L/s. .Each apnea lasts approximately 10-155.

Fig. 6c shows a scaled inspiratory portion of a breath where the t is experiencing low frequency inspiratory snore.

Fig. 6f shows a scaled inspiratory n of a breath where the patient is experiencing an example of flattened inspiratory flow limitation.

Fig. 6g shows a scaled inspiratory n of a breath where the patient is experiencing an example of “mesa” flattened inspiratory flow limitation.

Fig. 6h shows a scaled inspiratory portion of a breath where the t is experiencing an example of “panda ears” inspiratory flow limitation.

Fig. 6i shows a scaled inspiratory portion of a breath where the patient is experiencing an example of "chair" inspiratory flow limitation.

’Fig. 6j shows a scaled inspiratory portion of a breath where the patient is experiencing an example of "reverse chair" inspiratory flow limitation.

Fig. 6k shows a scaled atory portion of a breath where the patient is experiencing an example of “M-shaped” inspiratory flow limitation.

Fig. 61 shows a scaled inspiratory n of a breath where the t is encing an example of severely “M-shaped” inspiratory flow limitation.

Fig. 6m shows data for a patient with Cheyne-Stokes respiration. There are three channels— oxygen saturation , a signal indicative of flow and the third, movement. The data span six minutes. The signal entative of flow measured using a pressure sensor connected to nasal cannulae. The patient exhibits apneas of about 22 seconds and hyperpneas of about 38 seconds. Higher frequency low ude oscillation during‘apnea is cardiogenic.

Fig. 6n shows data for a patient with another example of Cheyne-Stokes ‘ respiration, using the same three channels as in Fig. 6m. The data span ten minutes.

Generally, in the flow data signal of Fig. 6n the patient is experiencing hypopneas in place of the apneas illustrated in Fig. 6m. 3.7 SERIAL NUMBER IDENTIFICATION Fig. 7 depicts a schematic diagram of a patient record management system in accordance with one aspect ofthe disclosure.

Fig. 8 depicts a schematic diagram of hardware s used in the patient record management system of Figure 1 in accordance with another aspect of the disclosure.

- Fig. 9 depicts a schematic diagram of an electronic patient record in accordance with aspects of the disclosure.

Fig. 10 depicts a schematic diagram of a sample t compliance report in accordance with aspects of the disclosure.

’ Fig. 11 depicts a tic m of a user interface for modifying patient records, i.e. by adding therapy data to the patient .

Fig. 12 depicts a flowchart of a process in accordance with aspects of the disclosure. , Fig. 13 depicts a flowchart of a process associated with the process of Figure 12. _ Fig. 14 depicts a flowchart of another process associated with the process of Figure 12.

Fig. 15 depicts a flowchart of a process in accordance with aspects of the ‘ disclosure.

Fig. 16 depicts a flowchart of a process associated with the process of Figure 15. ’ Fig. 17 depicts a flowchart of another process associated with the process"- of Figure 15.

Fig. 18A depicts a flowchart of process associated with Figures 14 and 17.

Fig. 18B depicts a flowchart of another process associated with Figures 14 and 17. 4 DETAILED PTION OF EXAMPLES OF THE TECHNOEOGY , A / Before the present technology is described in further detail, it is to be understood that the technology is not limited to the particular examples described herein, which may vary. It is also to be understood he terminology used in this disclosure is for the purpose of describing only the particular es discussed , and is not intended to be limiting. 4.1 ENT SYSTEMS In one form, the present technology may. be incorporated within or in communication (wired Or wireless) with] apparatus for treating a respiratory disorder.

The apparatus may comprise a flow generator or blower for supplying pressurised atory gas, such as air, to the patient 1000 via an air delivery tube g to a - patient interface 3000. 4.2 Y In one form, the present technology comprises a method fOr treating a respiratory disorder comprising the step of applying or adjusting positive re to the entrance of the airways of a patient 1000. The treatment (e.g. positive pressure) may be any type such as a CPAP treatment, tic vtitrating pressure (APAP), bi- level PAP or other suitable respiratory treatment. 4.2.1 Nasal CPAP for OSA For example, in one form, the present" technology ses a method of . treating ctive Sleep Apnea in a patient by applying nasal continuous positive airway pressure to the patient.

In certain embodiments of the present technology, a supply of air at positive pressure is ed to the nasal passages of the patient via one or both nares.

' In certain embodiments of the present logy, mouth breathing is limited, restricted or prevented. 4.3 PATIENT INTERFACE 3000 A non-invasive patient interface 3000 in accordance with one aspect of the t technology may , optionally include any one or more of the ing functional s: a seal-forming structure 3100, a plenum chamber 3200, a positioning and stabilising structure 3300 and a connection port 3600 for connection to air circuit 4170. In some forms a functional aspect may be provided by one or more _ physical components. In some forms, one physical component may provide one or more functional aspects. In use the seal-forming structure 3100 is arranged to ' surround an entrance to the airways 0f the patient so as to facilitate the supply of air at positive pressure to the airways. 4.3.1 Seal-forming structure 3100 In one form of the t technology, a seal-forming structure '3100 provides a sealing-fanning surface, and may additionally provide a cushioning function.

A seal-forming structure 3100 in accordance with the present technology may be ucted from a soft, flexible, resilient material such as ne. [93'] In one form, the seal-forming structure 3100 comprises a sealing flange 3110 and a support flange 3120. Preferably the sealing flange 3110 comprises a relatively thin member with a thickness of less than about 1mm, for example about ‘ 0.25mm to about 0.45mm,that extends around the perimeter 3210 of the plenum chamber 3200. Support flange 3120 may be relatively thicker than the sealing flange ' 3110. The support flange 3120 is disposed n the sealing flange 3110 and the marginal edge 3220 of the plenum chamber 3200," and extends at least part of the way around the perimeter 3210. The support flange 3120 is or includes a spring-like element and ons to support the g flange 3110 from buckling in use. In use the sealing flange 3110 can readily respond to system pressure in the plenum chamber 3200 acting on its underside to urge it into tight sealing engagement with the face.

In one form the seal-forming portion of the vasive patient interface 3000 comprises a pair of nasal puffs, or nasal pillows, each ‘nasal puff or nasal pillow being constructed and arranged to form a seal with a respective naris of the nose of a patient. , ' Nasal pillows in accordance with an aSpect of the present technology include: a frusto-cone, at least 'a portion of which forms a seal on an ide of the patient's nose; a stalk, a flexible region on the underside of the cone and connecting the cone to the stalk. In addition, the structure to which al pillow of the technology is connected includes a flexible region adjacent the base ofthe stalk. The flexible s can act in t to facilitate a universal 'joint structure that is accommodating of relative movement- both cement and angular— of the frusto- cone and the structure to which the nasal pillow is connected. For example, the frusto- cone may be axially displaced towards the structure to which the stalk is connected.

In one form the non-invasive patient g interface 3000 comprises a seal- forming portion that forms a seal in use on an upper lip region (that is, the lip superior) of the patient's face.

In one form the non-invasive patient interface 3000 comprises a seal- . forming portion that forms a seal- in use on a chin-regionof the patient's face. 4.3.2 Plenum chamber 3200 Preferably the plenum r 3200 has a perimeter 3210 that is shaped to be complementary to the surface contour of the face of an average person in the region where a seal will form in use. In use, a marginal edge 3220 of the plenum chamber 3200 is positioned in close proximity t0\ an adjacent surface of the face.

Actual contact with} the face is provided by the ‘seal-forming structure 3100. ably the seal-forming structure 3100 extends in use about the entire perimeter 3210 ofthe plenum chamber 3200. 4.3.3 Positioning and stabilising structure 3300 Preferably the seal-forming structure 3100 of the t interface 3000 of the present technology is held in sealing position in use by the positioning and - stabilising structure 3300. ‘4.3.4 Vent 340d In one form, the patient interface 3000 includes a vent 3400 ucted and arranged to allow'for the washout of exhaled carbon dioxide.

One form of vent 3400 in accordance with the present technology comprises a plurality of holes, for example, about 20 to, about 80 holes, or about 40 to about 60 holes, or about 45 to about 55 holes. ‘ Preferably the vent 3400 is located in the plenum chamber 3200.

Alternatively, the vent 3400 is located in a decoupling ure 3500, e.g. a swivel 3510. 4.3.5 Decoupling structure(s) 3500 In one form the patient interface 3000 includes at least one decoupling structure 3500, for e a swivel 3510 or a ball and socket 3520. 4.3.6 Connection port 3600 Connection port 3600 allows for connection to the air circuit 4170. 4.3.7 Forehead support 3700 In one form, the t interface 3000 includes a forehead support 3700. 4.3.8 Anti-asphyxia 3800 In one form, the patient interface 3000 includes an anti-asphyxia valve 3800. 2013/001124 4.3.9 Ports 3900 In one form of the present technology, a patient interface 3000 includes one or more ports, that allow access to the volume within the plenum chamber 3200.

In one form this allows a clinician to supply supplemental . In one form this allows for the direct measurement of a property of gases within the plenum chamber 3200, such as the pressure. 4.4 PAP DEVICE 4000 ' An example PAP device 4000 in accordance with one aspect of the present technology may be formed with mechanical and pneumatic components 4100, electrical components 4200 and may be programmed to execute one or more algorithms 4300. The PAP device preferably has an external housing 4010, preferably formed in two parts, an upper n 4012 of the al g 4010, and a lower porticn 4014 of the external housing 4010. In alternative forms, the external housing 4010 may include one or more panel(s) 4015. Preferably the PAP device 4000 comprises a chassis 4016 that supports one or more internal components of the PAP device 4000,- In one form a tic block 4020 is supported by, or formed as part ofthe chassis 401-6. The PAP device 4000 may include a handle 4018.

The pneumatic path of the PAP device 4000 preferably comprises an inlet air filter 4112, an inlet'muffler 4122, a llable pressure device 4140 capable of supplying air at positive pressure (preferably a blower 4142), and an outlet muffler 4124. One or more pressure sensors and flow sensors are included in the pneumatic ‘ path.

The preferred tic block 4020 comprises a portion of the pneumatic path that is located within the external housing 4010.

The PAP device 4000 preferably has an electrical power supply 4210, one or more input devices 4220, a central controller 4230, a therapy device controller 4240, a therapy device 4245, one or more protection circuits 4250, memory 4260, transducers 4270, data communication interface 4280 and one or more output devices 4290. Electrical components 4200 may be mounted on a single Printed Circuit Board Assembly (PCBA). 4202. In an alternative form, the PAP device 4000 may include more than one PCBA 4202.

The central controller 4230 of the PAP device 4000 is programmed to execute one or more algorithm 4300 modules, preferably including a pre-processing module 4310, a y engine module 4320, a pressure control module 4330, and further preferably a fault condition module 4340. 4.4.1 PAP device mechanical & pneumatic components 4100 4.4.1.1 Air filter(s) 4110 A PAP device in accordance with one form of the present‘technology include an air filter 4110, or a ity of air filters 4110.

In one form, an inlet air filter 4112 is loCated at the beginning of the pneumatic path upstream of a blower 4142; See Fig. 4b.

In one form, an outlet air 114,for example an antibacterial filter, is located between an outlet ofthe pneumatic block 4020 and a t interface 3000.

See Fig. 4b. 4.4.1.2 Muffler(s) 4120 In one form of the present technology,- an inlet muffler 4122 is located in the pneumatic path upstream of a blower 4142. See Fig. 4b. [1 17] In one form of the present technology, an outlet mufiler 4124 is located in the pneumatic path between the bloWer 4142 and a patient interface 3000. See Fig. 4b. 4.4.1.3 Pressure device 4140 In an example form of the t technology, a pressure device 4140 for producing a flew of air at positive pressure is a controllable blower 4142.. For e. the blower may include a brushless DC motor 4144 with one or more impellers housed in a volute. The blower may be preferably capable of delivering a supply of air, for example about 120 litres/minute, at a positive pressure in a range from about 4 cmH20 to about 20 cmH20, or in other forms up to about 30 cmH20. ‘ The pressure device 4140 may be under the l of the therapy device controller 4240. ' 2013/001124 4.4.1.4 ucer(s) 4270 In one form of the present technology, one or more transducers 4270'are located upstream of the pressure device 4140. The one or more transducers 4270 are constructed and arranged to measure properties of the air at that point in the pneumatic path.

In one form of the present technology, one or more transducers 4270 are located downstream of the pressure device 4140, and upstream of the air circuit 4170.

The one or more transducers 4270 are constructed and ed to measure properties of the air at that point in the pneumatic path.

In one form of the present technology, one or more transducers 4270 are locatedproximate to the patient interface 3000. 4.4.1.5 Anti-spill back valve 4160 In one form of the present technology, an anti-spill back valve is located between the humidifier 5000 and thepneumatic block 4020. The pill back valve is constructed and arranged to reduce the risk "that water will flow upstream from the humidifier 5000, for example to the motor 4144.‘ 6 Air circuit 4170 An air circuit 4170 in accordance with an aspect of the present technology is constructed and arranged to allow a flow of air or breathable gasses n the pneumatic" block 4020 and the patient interface 3000. 4.4.1.7 Oxygen delivery In one form of the present technology, supplemental oxygen 4180 is delivered to a point in the pneumatic path.

In one form of the present technology, supplemental oxygen 4180 is red upstream of the pneumatic block 4020.

[In one form of the present technology, supplemental oxygen 4180 is, delivered to the air circuit 4170.

WO 53010 In one form of the present technology, supplemental oxygen 4180 is delivered to the patient interface 3000. 4.4.2 PAP device electrical components 4200 1 Basic PAP device Some basic PAP devices, such as PAP device 4000, are essentially electromechanical s that do nOt include sing capabilities. , - 4. 4.2. 1.1 Power supply 4210 Power supply 4210 suppliespower to the other components of the basic PAP device 4000: the input device 4220, the central controller 4230, the therapy device 4245, and the output device 4290.

In one form of the present technology, power supply 4210 is internal of the external housing 4010 of the PAP device 4000. In another form of the present logy, power supply 4210 is external of the external housing 4010 of the PAP device 4000. ] 4.4.2.1.2 Input (s) 4220 Input devices 4220 comprises buttons, switches or dials to allow a person to interact with the PAP device 4000. The buttons, switches or dials may be al devices, or software devices ible via a touch screen. The buttons, switches or dials may, in one form, be physically connected to the external housing 4010, or may, in another form, be in wireless commnnication with a receiver that is in electrical connection to the central controller 4230.

In one form the input deVice 4220 may be constructed and arranged to allow a person to select a value and/or a menu option. 4.4.2. 1.3 Central controller 4230 In one form of the present technology, the central controller 4230 is a dedicated electronic circuit configured to receive input signal(s) from the input device 4220, and to provide output signal(s) to the output device 4290 and / or the therapy device 4245 controller.

In one form, the central controller 4230 is an application-specific integrated circuit. In another form, the central controller 4230 comprises discrete electronic components. 4.4.2.1.4 Therapy device 4245 In one form of the present logy, the therapy device 4245 is ' configured to deliver y to a patient 1000 under the control of the central controller 4230. Preferably the therapy device 4245 is a positive air pressure device 4140. 4. 4. 2. 1.5 Output device 4290 An output device4290 in accordance with the present technology may take the form of one or more of a visual, audio, and haptic output. A visual output may be a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) or Light Emitting Diode (LED) display. An audio output may bela speaker or audio tone emitter. ’ 4.4.2.2 Microprocessor—controlled PAP device 4.4. 2.2.1 Power supply 4210 In one form of the present technology power supply 4210 is internal of the external housing 4010 of the PAP device 4000. In another form of the t technology, power supply 4210 is external of them. ~ .[139] In one form of the present technology power supply 4210 provides ical power to the PAP device 4000 only. In another form of the present technology, power supply 4210 provides electrical power to both PAP device 4000 and humidifier 5000. 4.4.2.2.2 Input devices 4220 In one form of the present technology, a PAP device 4000 es one or more input devices 4220 in the form of buttons, switches or dials_to allow a person to interact with the . The buttons, switches or dials may be physical devices, or software devices ible via a touch screen. The buttons, switches or dials may, in one form, be physically connected to the external housing 4010, or may, in another form, be in wireless communication with a receiver that is in electrical connection to the central controller 4230.

In'one form the input device 4220 may be constructed and arranged to allow a person to select a value and/or a menu option. 4.4.2.2.3 Central controller 4230 In one form of the present technology, the central controller 4230 is a processor suitable to control a PAP device 4000 such as an x86 INTEL processor. _ A processor le to control a PAP device 4000 in accordance with another form of the present logy includes a processor based on ARM Cortex-M processor from ARM Holdings. For example, an STM32 series microcontroller from .

ST LECTRONICS may be used.

Another processor le to l a PAP” device 4000 in accordance With a further alternative form of the present technology includes a member selected from the family ARM9-based 32-bit RISC CPUs. For example, an STR9 series microcontroller from ST MICROELECTRONICS may be used.

In certain alternative forms of the present technology, a 16-bit RISC CPU may be used as the processor for the PAP device 4000. For example a processor from the MSP430 family of microcontrollers, manufactured by TEXAS MENTS, may be used.

The processor is configured to receive input (s) from one or more ucers 4270, and one or more input devices 4220.

The processor is configured to provide output signal(s) to one or more of an output device 4290, a therapy device controller 4240, a data communication interface 4280 and humidifier controller 5250.

The processor, or multiple such processors, is configured to ent the one or more methodologies described herein such as the one or more algorithms 4300 expressed as er programs stored in a computer readable storage medium, such ”as memory 4260. In some cases, as previously discussed, such process0r(s) may be integrated with a PAP device 4000. However, in some devices the processor(s) may - be implemented discretely from the flow generation ents ofthe PAP device, such as for purpose of performing any of the methodologies described herein without directly controlling delivery of a respiratory treatment. For example, such a processor may perform any of the ologies described herein for es of . ining. control settings for a ventilator or other respiratory related events" by analysis of stored data such as from any of the sensors described herein. 4.4.2.2.4 Clock 4232 Preferably PAP device 4000 includes a clock 4232 that is connected to processor.‘ 4. 5 Therapy device controller 4240 In one form of the present technology, therapy device controller 4240 is a pressure control module 4330 that forms part of the thms 4300 executed by the processor.

In one form of the present logy, therapy device controller 4240 is a dedicated motor Control integrated circuit. For example, in one form a MC33035 brushless DC motor controller, manufactured by ONSEMI is used. 4.4.2.2.6 Protection circuits 4250 Preferably a PAP device 4000 in accordance with the present technology comprises one or more prOtection circuits 4250.

One form of protection circuit 4250 in accordance with the present logy is an electrical protection circuit.

One form of protection circuit 4250 in accordance with the present technology is a temperature or pressure safety t. 4.4.2.2. 7 Memory 4260 In accordance with one form of the present technology the PAP device 4000 es memory 426.0, preferably non-volatile memory. In some forms, memory 4260 may include battery powered static RAM. In some forms, memory 4260 may include volatile RAM.

Preferably memory 4260 is located on PCBA 4202. Memory 4260 may be in the form of EEPROM, or NAND flash. onally or alternatively, PAP device 4000 includes removable form of memory 4260, forexample a memory card made in accordance with the Secure Digital (31)) standard.

In one form of the t technology, the memory 4260 acts as a computer readable storage medium on which is stored er program instructions expressing the one or more methodologies described herein, such as the one or more algorithms 4300. 2.8 Transducers 4270 Transducers may be internal of the device, or external Iof the PAP device. al transducers may be located for example on or form part of the air delivery t, e.g. the t interface. External transducers may be in the form of non- contact sensors‘such as a Doppler radar movement sensor that transmit or transfer data to the PAP device. 4.4.2.2.8.1 Flow A flow ucer 4274 in accordance with the present technology may be based on a differential pressure transducer, for example, an SDP600 Series differential pressure transducer from SENSlRION. The differential pressure transducer is in fluid communication with the pneumatic circuit, with one of each of the pressure transducers connected to respective first and second points in a flow» restricting element. Other-flow sensors may be ented such as a hot wire mass airflow .

In use, a signal representing total flow Qt from the flow transducer 4274 is ‘ received by the processor. 4.4.2.2.8.2 Pressure A pressure transducer 4272 in accordance with the present technology is located in fluid communication with the pneumatic circuit. An example of a suitable pressure transducer is a sensor from the HONEYWELL ASDX series. An alternative suitable pressure transducer is a sensor from the NPA Series from GENERAL ELECTRIC.

In use, a signal from the pressure transducer 4272, is received by the sor. In one form, the signal from the pressure transducer 4272 is filtered prior to being ed by the processor. 4.4.2.2-.8.3 Motor speed In one form of the present technology a motor speed signal 4276 is generated. A motor speed signal 4276 is preferably provided by therapy device controller 4240. Motor speed may, for example, be generated by a speed sensor, such ’ as a Hall effect sensor. 4.4.2.2.9 Data communication systems 4280 In one preferred form of the present technology, a data communication interface 4280 is provided, and is connected to the processor. Data communication interface 4280 is preferably connectable to remote external ication network 4282. Data communication interface 4280 is preferably connectable to local external communication network 4284. Preferably remote external ication network 4282 is connectable to remote external device 4286. Preferably local external ication network 4284 is connectable to local external device 4288.

In one form, data communication interface 4280 is part of the sor.

In another form, data communication ace 4280 is an integrated circuit that is separate from the processor.

In one form, remote external communication network 4282 is the Internet.

The data ication interface 4280 may use wired communication (e.g. via , Ethernet, or optical fibre) or a ss protocol to connect to the Internet.

. In one form, local external cOmmunication network 4284 _ utilises one or more communication standards, such as Bluetooth, or a consumer infrared protocol.

In one form, remote external device 4286 is one or more computers, for e a cluster of networked computers. In one form, remote external device 4286 may be virtual computers, rather than physical computers. In either case, such remote external device 4286 may be accessible to an appropriately authorised person such as a ian.

Preferably local external device 4288 is a personal computer, mobile phone, tablet or remote control 4.4.2.2.]0 Output devices including optional display, alarms An output device 4290 in accordance with the present technology take the form of one or more of a , audio and haptic unit. A visual display may be a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) or Light Emitting Diode (LED) display. 4.4.2.2.10.l y driver 4292 ' A display driver 4292 receives as an input the characters, symbols, or. images intended for display on the display 4294, and. converts them to commands that cause the display 4294 to y those characters, symbols, or images. 4.4.2.2102 Display 4294 A display 4294 is configured to visually display characters, symbols, or images in response to ds received from the display. driver 4292. For example, the display 4294 may be an eight-segment display, in which case the display driver 4292 converts each character or symbol, such as the figure“0”, to eight logical signals indicating whether the eight respective ts are to be activated to display a particular character or symbol. 4.4.3 PAP device algorithms 4300 4.4.3.1 Pre—processing module 4310' : An pre-processing module 4310 in accordance with the present ' logy receives as an input, raw data from a transducer, for example a flow or pressure transducer, and preferably performs one or more process steps to calculate one or more output values that will be used as an input to another module, for example a therapy engine module '4320.

In one form of the present technology, the output values include the ace or mask pressure Pm, the respiratory flow Qr, and the leak flow Q1.

In various forms of the present technology, the pre-processing module 4310 comprises one or more of the following algorithms: pressure compensation algorithm 4312, vth flow algorithm 4314, leak flow algorithm 4316, respiratory flow algorithm 4318, and jamming detection algorithm 4319. 4.4.3.1.] Pressure compensation " In one form of the present technology, a pressure compensation algorithm 4312 receives as 'an input a signal indicative of the pressure in the pneumatic path proximal to an outlet of the pneumatic block. The pressure compensation thm 4312 tes the pressure drop in the air circuit 4170 and provides as an output an estimated pressure, Pm, in the patient interface 3000. 4.4.3.1.2 Ventflow In one form of the present technology, a vent flow algorithm 4314 receives as an input an estimated pressure, Pm, in the patient ace 3000 and tes a vent flow of air, Qv, from a vent 3400 in a patient ace 3000. 4.4.3.1.3 Leakflow“- In one form of the present technolOgY, a leak flow algorithm 4316 receives as an input a total flow, Qt, and a vent flow Qv, and provides as an output a leak flow Q! by calculating an average of Qt-QVIOVICI' a period sufficiently long include several ing cycles, e.g. about 10 seconds.

In one form, the leak flow algorithm 4316 es as an input a tetal flow, Qt, a vent flow Qv, and- an estimated pressure, Pm, in the patient interface 3000, . and es as an output a leak flow Q] by calculating a leak conductance, and determining a leak flow Q1 to be a function of leak conductance and pressure, Pm. ably leak conductance is calculated as the quotient of low pass filtered non-vent flow Qt-Qv, and low pass filtered square root of pressure Pm, where the low pass ' filter time constant has a value sufficiently long to include several breathing cycles, e.g.‘about 10 seconds. 4.4.3.1.4 atoryflow 4318 In one form of the present technology, a respiratory flow algorithm 4318 receives as an input a total flow, Qt, a vent flow, Qv, and a leak flow, Q1, and estimates a respiratory flow of air, Qr, to the patient, by subtracting the vent flow Qv and the leak flow Q! from the total flow Qt. 4.4.3.2 ‘Therapy Engine Module-4320 In one form of the present technology, a therapy engine module 4320 receives as inputs one or more of a pressure, Pm, in a t interface 3000, and respiratory flow of air to a patient, Qr, and provides as an output, one or more therapy parameters in a therapy parameter ination process 4329.

In‘one form of the present technology, a y parameter is a CPAP treatment re Pt.

In one form of the present logy, a therapy parameter is one or more of a level of pressure support, and a target ventilation. 4.43.2.1 Phas‘e determination In one form of the present technology, the PAP device 4000 does not determine phase, [[186] .

In one form of the present technology, a phase determination algorithm 4321 es as an input a signal indicative of respiratory flow, Qr, and es an output a phase of a breathing cycle of a patient 1000.

In one form, the phase output is a discrete variable with values of either inhalation or exhalation.

In one form, the phase output is a discrete variable with values of‘ one of inhalation,'mid-inspiratory pause, and exhalation.

In one form, the phase output is a continuous variable, for example varying from O to 1, or 0 to 2Pi.

In one form, the phase output is determined to have a discrete value of inhalation when a respiratory flow Qr has a positive value that exceeds a positive threshold. In one form, a phase is determined to have a diSCrete value of exhalation when a respiratory flow Qr has a negative value that is more negative than a negative threshold. 4.4.3.2.2 Waveform determination In one form of the present logy, a control module 4330 controls a ,therapy device 4245 to provide an approximately constant positive airway pressure throughout a respiratory cycle of a patient. . [192] In one form of the present technology, a l module 4330 controls a therapy device 4245 to provide ve airway pressure according to a predetermined waveform of pressure vs phase. In one form, the waveform is maintained at an approximately constant level for lues of phase. In one form, the waveform is a ‘ square wave, having a higher value for some values of phase, and a lower level for other values of phase.

In one form of the present technology a waveform determination algorithm 4322 receives as an input a value indicative of current patient ation, Vent, and es as an output a waveform sure vs. phase. 4. 4.3.2.3 Ventilation determination 4323 In one form of the present technology, a ventilation determination algorithm 4323 es an input a respiratory flow Qr, and determines a measure indicative of t ventilation, Vent.

In one form ventilation determination algorithm 4323 determines a current value of patient ventilation, Vent, as the half the low-pass filtered absolute value of respiratory flow, Qr. 4. 4.3.2.4 Determination ofInspiratoty Flow limitation In one form of the present technologY, a processor executes one or more algorithms for the detection of atory flow limitation.

‘ In one form the flow limitation algorithm 4324 receives as an input a respiratory flow signal Qr and provides as an output a metric of the extent to which the inspiratory portion of the breath exhibits inspiratory flow limitation.

. In one form of the present technology, the inspiratory portion of each breath is identified by a zero-crossing detector. A number of evenly spaced points (for example, sixty-five), representing points in time, are interpolated by'an interpolator along the inspiratory flow-time curve for each breath. The curve described by the points is then scaled by a scaler to have unity length (duration/period) and unity area to remove the effects of changing respiratory rate and depth. The scaled s then compared in a comparator with a pre-stored te representing a normal unobstructed breath, r to the inspiratory portion of the breath shown in Fig. 6a. s deviating by more than a specified old (typically 1 sealed unit) at any time during the inspiration fromthis template, such as those due to coughs, sighs, swalloWs and hiccups), as determined by a test element, are rejected. .For non-rejected data, a moving average of the first such scaled point is calculated by processor for the preceding "several inspiratory events. This is repeated over the same inspiratory events for the second such point, and so on. Thus, ‘for example, sixty five scaled data points are generated by processor; ‘and represent a moving average‘of the preceding several- inspiratory events, e.g. three events. The moving average of continuously updated .values of the (6g. sixty five) points are hereinafter called the "scaled flow", designated as Qs(t). Alternatively, a single inspiratory event can be utilised rather than a moving average.

, From the scaled flow, two shape factors relating to the ination partial Obstruction may be calculated. ‘ Shape factor 1 is the ratio of the mean of the middle (e.g. thirty-two) scaled flow points to the mean overall (e.g. sixty-five) scaled flow points.

Where this ratio is in excess of unity, the breath will be taken to be normal. Where the ratio is unity or less, the breath will be taken to be obstructed. A ratio of about -1 .17 is taken as a threshold between partially obstructed and unobstructed breathing, and equates to a degree of obstruction that would permit nance of adequate oxygenation in typical user.

. Shape factor 2 is calculated as the RMS deviation from unit scaled flow, taken over the middle (e.g. thirty two) . An RMS deviation of about 0.2 units is taken to be normal. An RMS ion of zero is taken to be a y flow—limited breath. The closer the RMS deviation to zero, the breath will be taken to be more flow limited.

Shape factors 1 and 2 may be used as alternatives, or in combination. In other forms of the present logy, the number of sampled points, breaths and middle points may differ from those described above. FurthermOre, the threshold values can other-than those described. 4. 4.3.2.5 Determination ofapneas and hypopneas 4325 In one form of the present technology, a ' processor executes one or more algorithms for the inationofthe presence of apneas and/or ~hypopneas. .

Preferably the one or more algorithms receive as an input a respiratory flow signal Qr and provide as an output a flag that indicates that an apnea or respectively an hypopnea has been detected. 3 In one form, an apnea will be said to have been detected when a function of respiratory flow Qr falls below a flow threshold for a predetermined period of time.

The function may determine a peak flow, a relatively short-term mean flow, or a flow intermediate of vely short-term mean and peak flow; for example an RMS flow.

The flow threshold may be a relatively erm measure of flow.

In one form, a hypopnea will be said to have been detected when a on of respiratory flow Qr falls below _a second flow threshold for a predetermined period of time. The function may determine a peak flow, a relatively short-term mean flow, or a flow intermediate of vely short-term mean and peak flow, for example an RMS flow. The second flow threshold may be a relatively long- terrn measure of flow. The second flow threshold is greater than the flow old used to detect apneas. 4.4.3.2.6 Determination ofsnore In one form of the present technology, a processor executes one or more snore algorithms for the detection of snore.

In one form the snore algorithm 4326 receives as an- input a respiratory flow signal Qr and provides as an output a metric of the extent to which snoring is present.

Preferably the thm 4326 comprises the step of determining the intensity of the flow signal in the range of 30-300 Hz. Further preferably, algorithm 4326 comprises a step offiltering the respiratory flow signal Qr to reduce background noise, e.g. the sound of airflow in the system from the blower. 4.4.3.2. 7 Determination ay patency In one form of the present technology, a processor executes one or more thms for the determination of airway patency.

In one form, airway patency algorithm 4327 receives as an input a respiratory flow signal Qr, and determines the power of the signal in the ncy range of about 0.75Hz and about 3H2. The presence of a peak in this frequency range is taken to indicate an open airWay. The absence of a peak is taken to be an indication of a’closed airway.

In one form, the frequency range within which the peak is sought is the frequency of a small forced oscillation in the treatment pressure Pt. In one implementation, the forced oscillation is of ncy 2 Hz with amplitude about I CHIHzO.

In one form, airway patency algorithm 4327 receives as an input a respiratory flow signal Qr, and determines the ce or absence of a cardiogenic signal. The absence of a genic signal is taken to be an indication of a closed airway. 4.4.3.2.8 Determination oftreatmentpressure In one form of the present technology, a processor executes one or more algorithms for the determination of a target ent pressure Pt.

For example, the therapy parameter determination _ process 4329 receives input such as one of more of the following: i. A measure of respiratory phase; ii. A waveform; iii. A measure of ventilation; iv. A measure of inspiratory flow limitation; v. A measure of the presence of apnea and/or hypopnea; vi. A measure of the presence of snore; vii. a sleep stage tion; and viii. A measure of the patency of the airway.

This processing may determine the ent pressure Pt as a function of indices or measures of one or more of flow limitation, apnea, hypopnea, patency, ' sleep stage and snore and also may optionally rely on a target ation from a target ventilation determination process 4328. In one implementation, these measures are determined on a single breath basis, rather than on an aggregation of several previous breaths. 3 Control module 4330 A control module 4330 in accordance with one aspect of the present logy receives as an input a target treatment pressure Pt, and ls a therapy device 4245 to deliver that pressure.

A control module 4330 in accordance with one aspect of the present technology receives as an input an EPAP pressure and an IPAP pressure, and controls a therapy device 4245 to deliver those respective pressures. 4.4.3.4 Detection of fault conditions 4340 In one form of the present technology, a sor executes one or more methods for the detection of fault conditions. Preferably the fault ions ed by the one or more methods includes at least one of the following: 0 Power failure (no power, or insufficient power) 0 Transducer fault detection 0 Failure to detect the presence of a component 0 Operating parameters outside recommended ranges (e.g. pressure, flow, temperature, PaOz) 0 Failure of a test alarm to generate a detectable alarm signal.

Upon detection of the fault condition, the corresponding thm signals the presence of the fault by one or more of the fellowing: o Initiation of an audible, visual &/or kinetic (e.g. vibrating) alarm 0 Sending a message to an external device 0 Logging ofthe incident 4.4.3.5 Therapy device 4245 In a red form of the present technology, the therapy device 4245 is under the l of the control module 4330 to deliver therapy to a patient 1000.

Preferably the therapy device 4245 is a positive air pressure device 4140. 4.5 HUMIDIFIER 5000 ’ 4.5.1 Humidifier In one form of the t technology there is provided a humidifier 5000 which may typically include a water reservoir and a heating plate. 4.6 SERIAL NUMBER IDENTIFICATION Fig. 7 depicts a. schematic diagram of a patient records management system 100. As illustrated, the patient records ment system 100 includes records management system 110 for storing one or more records relating to the use of an HME device 130 by a patient 120. The s management system 110 may provide a centralized database that enables the accessing of the patient’s (120) records over a communication network 160. The records management system 110 may further be red to process the patient’s records and generate lance compliance s for the patient. The records management system 110, in one ' example may be ResMed’s EASYCARE ONLINE TM system, but it may also be any type of patient record management system. The records management system 110 include one or» more database s, as well as any other equipment that is commonly found in record management systems (e.g., NAS drives, UPS s, networkswitches, or gateways). \ HME device 130 may be a respiratory treatment device, such as a continuous pcsitive air pressure (CPAP) device. The HME device 130 may include a processor and a removable medium drive (or pert) for accepting a removablestorage medium 170. The removable storage medium 170 may be an SD card, but in other examples it may be a USB drive, mini-CD, DVD, or any other type of removable storage medium. In. yet other examples, the removable storage medium may be an RFID card, a Bluetooth enabled token, ‘ or any other token having short-range wireless capabilities.

Physician terminal 140 may be a processor-based device located at various physician premises, such as a hospital, clinic, or office The ian tenninal may be a computer, smart phone, a tablet, or another processor based device.

The physician terminal 140 may be ated with a physician that1s in charge of the treatment of the patient 120 with the HME device 130. Alternatively, the terminal 140 may belong to a physician, whose office the patient incidentally visits, e.g., on the way to work.

HME provider terminal 150 may be a device located at the premises of an HME provider. The HME provider terminal ' may be a processOr-based device, such. as a cOmputer, smart phone, a tablet, or r processor based device. The HME provider terminal 150 may be associated with an HME provider in charge of dispensing the HME device 130 to the patient 120 Both the physician terminal 140 and the HME provider terminal 150 may be connected to the s management system 110 via a communications network 160. In this e, the network 160 the Internet, but in other examples the network 160 may be another type of sWitched - or itched network (e.g. ATM, TCP/IP etc.) The removable storage medium 170 may store an identifier for the HME device, compliance data, and prescription data. Data stored on the removable storage medium 170 may be uploaded to the s management system 110 and stored into one or more electronic s associated with the patient 120. The data may be uploaded by either one of the physician terminal 140 and the HME provider terminal 150 More particularly, either one of the terminals 140 and 150 may retrieve data from the ble storage medium 170 and transmit the retrieved data, over the network, 160, to records management system 110 for storage in a record associated with the patient 120.

Although in this example a removable storage medium is used to store the identifier for the HME device 130, as well as other data, in other examples non- ' ble memory may be used to store this information, A such as RAM or an SSD . drivethat is part of the HME device. Furthermore, although in this example data stored in the HME device 130 is communicated to the terminals 140 and 150 by physically placing the e medium 170 into a reader device (or port) on the terminals, in other examples the data, including the device identification number, may be communicated via a wireless connection, such as Bluetooth, Wireless USB, WiFi, GSM or GPRS.

Fig. 8 depiCts a schematic diagram of hardware devices of the patient records management system 100 in accordance with r aspect of the disclosure.

According to this example, the records management system 1 10 may include at least a server 200. The server 200 may include a processor 210 and memory 220. Memory 220 may store information accessible by processor 210, ing executable code 240 that may be executed by the processor 210. The memory also includes data 230 that may be retrieved, manipulated or stored by the processor. The memory may be of any type of non-transitory tangible media e of storing information accessible by the sor, such as a hard-drive, memory card, ROM, RAM, DVD, CD-ROM, write-capable, and read—only memories. The processor 210 may be any nown sor, such as commercially available processors or any of the processing circuits described in more detail throughout this cation.

Alternatively, the processor may be a ted ller such as an ASIC.'.

Data 230 may be retrieved, stored or modified by processor 210 in accordance with the executable code 240 For instance, although the system and method are not d by any particular data structure, the data may be stored in computer registers, in a relational database as a table having a plurality of different fields and records, or XML documents. The data may also be formatted1n computer-readable format such as, but not limited to, binary values, ASCII or Unicode. Moreover, the data may comprise any information sufficient to identify the relevant information, such as numbers, descriptive text, proprietary codes, rs, references to data stored in other memories (including other network locations) or information that is used by a firnction to calculate the relevant data.

The data 230 may include compliance data record 232 and patient record 234, The compliance data record 232 may include information related to the usage of the HME device 130 by the patient 120, such as information identifying time periods during which the HME device 130 is used; detected respiratory events; sensor data ' obtained by the HME device 130, which can include leak events, minute ventilation, tidal volume and respiratory rate; as well as information relating to various gs of the HME device. ' The patient record 234 may include one or more data records configured to store any type of information related to the treatment of the t 120 with the HME device 130. Each data record maybe a file, a database data structure, or any other type of data structure. As illustrated in Fig. 9, the patient record 234 may include one or more of a “patient information” portion 310, a “physician information” portion 320, an “HME device inforrnation” portion 330, an “HME provider information” portion 340, and a permissions structure 350.

The “patient information” portion 310 may include information relating to _ the patient 120, such as a name, address, age, gender, weight, height, diagnosis, prescription, or any other information that is commonly found in medical s.

The “physician'information” portion 320 may e information relating to one or more physicians that are associated with the t 120. For each physician, the n 320 may include a name, address, e number, or any other type of physician information that is commonly kept in medical records.

The “HME device ation” portion 330 may include information relating to an HME device that has been assigned to the t 120. In this example, the portion 320 may include an identifier for the HME‘ device 130 (e.g., HME device identifier), model number, make, firmware version, software n or any other r information. Notably, the identifier stored in the portion 330 may be a copy of the identifier 174 that is stored on the removable storage medium 170. The “HME provider information” portion 340 may include information to an HME er that has dispensed the HME device 130. The information may include an identifier for the HME Provider (e.g., company name), address, inventory number for the HME device 130, details of the specific HME that works with the patient, or any other similar information. The permission structure 350 may identify one or more users (e.g., physicians, HME providers, payers, etc.) that are permitted to access, modify, and/or, share the' patient record 234. The permission structure 350 may be an alphanumerical , string, .bit string, a text file, a list or r data structure. ing on predetermined arrangements, some of the users may have a limited access to the patient’s data, including only the ability to View the data or to only to upload new data. Other users may be given full access to the patient’s data, ing editing the data. In this e, the permission structure 350 may associate user log-in names with specific permission sets. In instances, where the user log-in names are - wide (e.g., one user name for a whole hospital, clinic, or HME provider) the same permission sets may be granted to all users who log using the same credential.

Returning to Fig. 8, in one aspect, the executable code 240 may include an online portal 242 for accessing the s management system 110. The online portal 242 may interact with the physician terminal 140 or HME provider terminal 150 to provide access to patient records that are stored in the records management system 110.1 More specifically, the online portal may include software (e.g., web- services software) for receiving and executing requests that are itted by the terminals 140 and 150 over the k 160. Such requests may besearch requests or requests to , access, modify, or share patient records.

In another aspect, the executable code 240 may include database server software, such as an SQL server, that is configured to receive instructions, over the network 160, to retrieve or store data irito the patient record 234. The instructions may be transmitted by the physician terminal 140 and/or the HME provider terminal 150. To that end, the compliance data record 232 and patient record 234 may be implemented as database data structures, such as tables, records, columns, rows.

. According to another aspect, the able code 240 may include software for processing the compliance data record 232 and generating reports based on the record. The generated reports may be compliance reports, such as the report 410 thatIS depicted1n Fig. 10. As illustrated, the reports may fy times at which the patient was using the HME device .130, the mannerin which the HME device 130 is used, or any other type of information related to the usage of the HME device 130.

ACcording to yet another aspect, the executable code 240 may include an HTTP server for providing users with a webpage for accessing and interacting with the records management system 110. In instances where the application 250 is implemented as a Java® applet, the web server may transmit (e.g., serve) the applet to the terminals 140 and 150 when a user of the als has logged in. Onceit is started and running on one of the physician terminal 140 and HME provider terminal 150, the Java® applet may start interacting with the online portal 242 to create, access, modify, or share patient s that are stored by the records management system 110.

The removable storage medium 170 may store device information 172 and compliance data 176. The device information 172 may include a model number for the HME device 130, make of the HME device 130, firmware version, or any other similar information related to the HME device. In some instances, the device information 172 may include an HME device identifier 174. The HME device fier 174 may be number, string, alphanumerical , or another object that is capable of guishing the HME device from one or more other HME devices. In one aspect, the HME device identifier 174 may be unique, for the records management system 110, such' as an identifier that can be entered only once into the records management system 110 and be associated with only one HME device. - In another aspect, the HME device fier 174 may be the HME ’s manufacturer’s serial number, the removable storage medium’s 170 manufacturer’s serial , or any other type of ation.

In one aspect, the HME device identifier 174 may be recorded on the removable storage medium 170 by the HME device 130 (e. g., by using a reader/writer thatis built into the HME device 130). atively, the HME device identifier 174 may be recorded onto the removable storage medium 170 by a physician, HME provider, or the manufacturer of the HME device 130. In yet another example, the HME device identifier 174 may be engraved or encoded on an external surface of a component of E device, such as the removable storage medium 170 such that it/may be read by a scanning device (such as reader device 143, reader device 153, any other scanning device). In this way, the HME device identifier 174 may be encoded or engraved as a bar code, such as a two-dimensional, three-dimensional, QR code, or any other machine le 'code. In still another example, the HME device fier may not be stored on a removable storage medium, but may be encoded or engraved on a tag that may be attached to the HME device or the patient, such that the tag may be read by the scanning device. In still other aspects, the tag may be an RFID enabled, ID tag that may be stored on the patient's , such as in a wallet or a pocket. In this way, the patient need not be'required to remove the RFID tag from their wallet or pocket in order to transmit the HME identifier, but need only be within RFID communication distance. In instances where the HME device identifier 174 is manufacturer’s serial number for the HME device 130, the HME device identifier 174 may be generated inthe manner manufacturer serial numbers are normally generated.

In other instances, however, where the HME device identifier 174 is not a manufacturer’s serial number, the HME device identifier 174 may be generated by the records management system 110 and provided to the HME , the HME device’s 130 manufacturer, a physician, or an HME provider for recording onto the ble e medium 170. In such instances, the HME device identifier 174 may be any type of string, number, or object that is capable of distinguishing the HME device 130 from the HME device identifiers for other HME devices that are associated with records stored in the records management system 110. The HME device fier 174 maybe distributed by the records management system 110 over the network 160.

Although in this example the records management system 110 acts as the issuing authority for the HME device identifier 174, in other es the issuing authority .may be s'eparate from the records ment system 1110.

The physician terminal 140 may include a memory 141, a reader device 143, and a processor 144. The memory 141 may include at least one of volatile memory (e.g., RAM) and non-volatile memory (e.g., SSD, flash, hard drive. The reader device 143 may be an SD card , CD-ROM reader, RFID receiver, Bluetooth receiver, a short range wireless receiver, a USB port, a Serial Port, an SATA port, or any another device that may be used to read information from the- removable storage medium. The processor 144 may be any type of special-purpose general-purpose processor, such as FPGA, x86, or MIPS. The processor 144 may be coupled to both the memory 141 and the reader device 143.

As illustrated, the physician terminal 140 may store in the memory 141 a physician information record 142. The physician ation record 142 may be a file, database data structure, or any other type of data structure that stores information abOut the physician associated with the physician terminal 140.

As discussed above with respect to the “physician information” portion 320, the ation stored in the physician information record 142 may include a name, address, license number, any other type of physician information that is commonly kept in medical records.

The HME provider terminal 150 may include a memory 151, a reader device 153, and a processor‘154. The memory 151 may include at least one of volatile memory (e.g., RAM) and non-volatile memory (e.g., SSD, flash, hard drive.

The reader device 153 may bean SD card reader, CD-ROM reader, RFID receiver, Bluetooth er, a short range wireless receiver, a USB port, a Serial Port, an SATA port, or any another device that may be used to read information from the removable storage medium. The processor 154 may be any type of special-purpose or general-purpose processor, such as FPGA, x86, or MIPS. The processor 154 may be coupled to both the memory 151 and the reader device 153.

The HME provider terminal 150 may store" in the memory 151, an HME identification record 152. The HME provider identification record 152 may be a file, database data ure, or any other type of data structure that stores ation about the HME provider associated with the HME provider al 150. As discussed above ‘with respect to the “HME provider ation” portion 340, the . information stored in the record 152 may include an identifier for the HME Provider - (e.g., company name), address, or any other r information.

Both the physician terminal 140 and the HME provider terminal 150 may execute ces of a record management application 250. The record management application may include software for storing and retrieving information from the patient record 234. For e, the record management application 250 may be browser-based (e.g, a Java® applet), standalone, or any other type of application.

When executed on the physician terminal 140, the application 250 may be configured to perform, at leastin part, the process 600 discussed with respect to Figure 6. When executed on the HME provider terminal 150, the application 250 may be configured to perform, at least in part, the s 900 discussed with respect to Figure 9.

Although the terminals 140 and 150 execute different instances of the same re, in other the . examples terminals 140 and 150 may e different re applications.

The record management application 250 may provide users ”with an interface 500 for associating the HME device 130 with the patient record 234. As illustrated in Figure 11, the interface 500 , may include interface components 510-540 and a button 550. Each one of the interface components 0 may be a text input - field, a‘ text output field, or any other type of user interface component for inputting and/or outputting information (e.g., text or bitmap data). The interface component 510 may display information that has been retrieved from the portable removable storage medium 170 by the terminal executing the application 250 (e.g. physician terminal 140 or HME provider terminal 150). More particularly, the interface component 510' may display at least some of the device information 172 (data), including, but not limited to, the identifier 174.

The interface ent 520 may be an input field for entering patient ation. Alternatively, the interface component 520 may be an output field for displaying patient information that has been retrieved from the t record 234.

The interface component 530 may be an input field for entering ian information. Alternatively, the interface component 530 may be an output field for displaying patient information that has been retrieved from the “physician information” portion 320 of the patient record 234. As yet another alternative, the ent 530 may be an output field for displaying information that is stored in the physician information record 142.

The interface ent 540 may be an input field for entering HME provider information. Alternatively, the interface component 540 may be an output field for displaying HME information that has been retrieved from the “HME provider recor ’5 of patient record 234. As yet another alternative, the interface component 540 may be an output field for displaying information that is stored in the HME provider information record 152. The upload button 550 may be a button that triggers the upload and storage into the patient record 234 of at least some of the information displayed by any one of the interface components 510-540. For e, pressing the WO 53010 2013/001124 button 550 may result in uploading and storing of the identifier 174 that has been copied from the removable storage medium 170.

Fig. 12 depicts a-flowchart of a process 600 related to the association of the HME device 130 with a patient record. The process of association is essentially the same, regardless of whether it is performed at the physician terminal 140 or an HME provider terminal 150. _ (Fig. 15 depicts an analogous process performed at an HME provider terminal 150.) At task 610, a user logs on to the records management system 110 by using’the ian terminal 140. The User may be an agent of an entity, such as a al, clinic, hospital chain, HME er zation, or a physician organization. In this example, the user is a physician. In one aspect, When logging in, the user may be authenticated using a credential, such as a log-in name, password and/or a security certificate. The credential may belong to an entity that the user is an agent of (e.g., the physician’s own practice, clinic or hospital).

Alternatively, the credential may be personal to the user. After the log in is completed, a user Session is initiated at the records management system 110 for the user.

At task 620, the HME device identifier 174 is received by the physician terminal 140. The identifier may be provided to the system by ing the removable storage medium 170 into a reader .(or port) on the physician terminal 140 ’ or an HME provider terniinal 150. Alternatively, the identifier may be entered manually or. even transmitted by the HME device by using a ss or wired connection (e.g., Bluetooth or USB, GSM, GPRS, RFID, NFC, Bluetooth‘ low energy (BLE), WIFI, etc.), or may be received from a scanning device. In either instance, the physician terminal 140 (or the HME provider terminal 150) may retrieve the HME device fier without ing the user to type it.

In other es, a scanner, such as a barcOde scanner, may scan a surface (e.g., external) of a component of the HME device such as the removable storage medium 170, to ascertain the HME device identifier 174, which may be engraved or encoded on a surface ofthe removable storage medium. In yet another example, the HME device identifier 174 may be retrieved by scanning a tag with the HME device identifier 174 encoded or engraved n, or the HME identifier be itted from an RFID tag that may be stored on the patient's person or with the HME device.

At task 630, an authentication may be performed that utilizes the removable storage medium 170 (and/or more particularly the HME device identifier stored on the removable storage medium 170) as a security token or a password for accessing or modifying at least one of the records stored on the records management system 110. In some instances, the patient records management system 100 may permit the ian terminal 140'to m the tasks 640-660 (discussed below) only if the physician terminal 140 and the, removable storage medium 170 are ated. A collocation may be considered to exist when the removable storage medium 170 is inserted into, or is otherwise reachable (e.g., via a short-range wireless connection, such as Bluetooth or RFID) by reader device 143 of the physician terminal 140).

Put differently, in some instances, the user may be required to be in physical possession of the removable storage medium 170 before one or more of the tasks 640-660 are executed. This feature may be useful in situations where a credential of a large organization (e.g., hospital or hospital chain) is used to log-in at task 610 and accesses to records associated with a given HME device is wanted to be restricted only to select few of the organization’s employees (or agents). Notably, according to this example, the same removable storage medium that is used by the HME device 130 to collect compliance data may also be used as a hardware security token by (healthcare) entities, such as als, physician ces, or HME ers Thus, the entities may use the removable storage medium 170 to gain ization to create, , , or share sin the records management system 110 that are associated with the HME deVice 130.

In other instances, however, collocation between the removable storage medium 170 and the physician terminal 140 may not be required for the execution of the process 600 to proceed. In such instances, the HME device identifier obtained at ' task 620 may be used as a software token without the physical location of the removable storage medium 170 being accorded any significance. In either instance, however, at task 630, the HME device identifier received at task 620 may be validated and only upon a positive validation may the execution of at least one of tasks 640-660 be permitted to proceed.

In one aspect, the validation may include transmitting the‘identifier to a remote server (e.g., server 200) and receiving a response from the remote server that includes information about an HME device that is associated with the identifier. For example, the response may include information indicating the make, model number, and/or serial number of the associated HME device. The information from the response may be compared to information stored on the removable storage medium 170 and if there is a match, the serial number may be‘ considered valid. In r aspect, the tion may include computing a hash code of the identifier, or using another similar approach, to ensure that the identifier retrieved from the removable storage medium 170 has not been corrupted. In yet another aspect, the validation may include ascertaining that the HME device fier possesses a property that is known (or required) to he sed by all valid HME device identifiers. In some instances, the execution of the process 600 may proceed to task 630 only if the identifier provided at task 610 is successfully validated. ' At task 640, the physician terminal I40 searches the records ment system 110 for a patient record associated with the HME device identifier 174. The search may involve submitting a search query to the server 200 with the search key being at least partially based on the HME device identifier 174 (e.g., the identifier 174 being used as a search key). In some instances, the search query may be generated automatically by the physician terminal-140, without the terrninal’s user having to ly type the HME device identifier 174 or the query itself. In some instances, the al 140 may transmit the search query only if the terminal 140 is collocated with the removable storage medium.

If the search fails to return a patient record associated with the HME device fier, task 650 is executed and a new record is d and associated with the HME device 130. Alternatively, a search may be performed based on the patient’s name and ly assign a deviceto the respective patient record. Otherwise, if the search returns a patient record, at task 660, the returned record is modified to identify, ' depending on the entity providing the memory device and the identification number, either the physician associated with the physician al 140 or the HME associated 2013/001124 with the tive HME provider terminal 150. This identificationis also referred to as an association. Whilst such as automatic association of the patient's record with the entity providing the HME device identifier can be effected during or afler providing ' access or editing rights to the , it is best if it is effected before the provision of such an access. After a physician or an HME is associated with the patient record, they have access to it and can View and/or edit the record.

Fig. 13 depicts a flowchart of a process 700 associated with-the creation of a new record for the patient 120 and associating that record with: (1) an HME device and (2) a physician (or another entity) in charge of a patient’s ent with the HME device. The process 700 may be executed, e.g. at step 650 of the process 600, in situations where a patient has already visited an HME, however no patient record has “ been created on the record management system at the time when later the patient visits the physician’s office. As discussed above, the physician may first log onto the record management system, and perform a search based on the HME device identifier that is stored on the removable e device. The records management system‘ may receive the identificatiOn number of the. HME device and check I if the number is already registered to one of the patient records that are stored in the records ment system 110. As in this example no such a record has been previously created by the HME provider, the physician has to create a new patient record in the record management system. Process 700 provides the. details of the process of creating such a new record.

At task 710, a new record is allocated under the patient’s name. In one aspect, the tion may include the physician terminal 140 transmitting, over the network 160, a query (e.g., a database query or another type of query) to the server 200 instructing it to create a new patient record under the name of the patient 120.

The query may include the patient’s name or any other type of patient information as a parameter.

At task 720, the HME device identifier 174 IS copied tically from (the removable storage medium 170 to the created t record. The automatic g of the HME device identifier 174 removes the need for an operator to manually type the device identifier, and thus eliminates the possibility of a typographical error being introduced when the HME device fier 174 is copied.

The copying may include the physician al 140 transmitting, over the network 160, a query to the server 200 instructing it to store the HME device identifier into the created patient record. The HME device identifier 174 may be transmitted as part of the query.

At task 730, the physician terminal 140 es a user input identifying preferred physician on and stores an indication of the preferred location into the patient record. The indicatign’ may be stored by transmitting a query, over the network 160, from the physician terminal 140 to the server 200. 7 Task 730 may be executed only when there are multiple physician locations identified inthe ian ation record 142 that is stored on the physician terminal 140. Alternatively, instead of receiving a ly entered user input, the system may be arranged to automatically detect and record the location choice, based on information associated with, a location of the physician terminal 140 or a server associated with the ian terminal 140.

At task 740, at least a part of the physician information record ‘ 142 is automatically copied into the patient record. The copied information may include ian name, address, license number, telephone number, or any other type of physician information that is normally kept in medical records. The information may be stored into the patient record by transmitting a query, over the network 160, frem the physician terminal 140 to the server 200. The tic copying of physician information removes the need for an operator to enter physician’s information manually everytime a patient is associated with an HME device.

At task 750, permissions structure 350 is modified to permit the physician associated with the ian’s al 140 to access, modify, or share the newly- created patient’s file. Thus, the physician is automatically associated with the patient’s record and obtains certain rights to access and/or edit data in the record.

Fig. 14 depicts a flowchart of a process 800 associated with the updating of a record associated with the HME device 130 to include information about the physician in charge of the patient’s 120 treatment. The process 800 may be executed, e.g. at step 660 of the process 600, in situations where a patient visits the physician’s office after an HME provider has created a patient record in a database of the records ment system 110 and ated that record. with the HME device, identifier 174. Generally, access is granted to a medical entity (a physician or an HME) who is in possession of the SD card and, therefore, in possession of the device identification number. In this sense the identification number on the SD card is the key for accessing the patient record.

At task 810, a database record is ved responsive to the search performed at task 630. In this example, the physician terminal 140 receives a handle (or identifier) for a t record in the records management system llO that is associated with the provided HME device identifier 174. In other examples, however, the physician terminal 140 may receive a copy of the identified record.

At task 820, a determination is made whether the user that is logged on (e.g., the physician ated with the physician terminal 140) is permitted to modify the retrieved record. If the physician is already associated with the patient record by the HME or r entity, the physician is permitted to modify the retrieved record.

The determination may be made, for example, based on (i) a permissions ure, such as the structure 350 and (ii) a log-in name (or r credential) used by the I physician to log-in at task'610. If the physician is preéauthorized to modify the retrieved patient file, task 840 may be executed. Otherwise the execution of the process 800 proceeds to task 830, where the physician verifies the patient’s identity to ensure that the retrieved record is for the same patient that is being treated by the physician.

At task 830, it is determined whether the retrieved record belongs to the patient 120 (e.g., the patient that provided the removable storage medium 170 to a physician or a HMEprovider). Upon finding a match, the server 200 modifies the permissions structure associated with the retrieved patient record to permit the user associated with the ian terminal 140 to access, share, and/or modify the retrieved data object. If[a match is not found, the user is refiised permission to modify the retrieved patient record and the process 800 terminates.

At task 840, at least a part of the physician ation record 142 is automatically copied into the patient, record. The copied ation may de physician name, address, license number, telephone number, or any other type of physician information that is normally kept in medical records. The information may be stored into the t record by transmitting a query, over the network 160, from the ian terminal 140 to the server 200. Task 840 may be executed only if the ian associated with the physician terminal 140 is ted to modify the retrieved data structure. { Fig. 15, depicts a flowchart of a process 900 related the association of the HME device 130 with a patient record. As ned in relation to Fig. 12, the process of aSsociation is the essentially the same, regardless of whether it is performed at the physician terminal 140 or an HME provider terminal 150; At task 910 a representative of an HME provider (e.g., HME provider employee) logs onto the records management system 110. At task 920, the HME device identifier 174 is received by the HME provider terminal 150. The identifier may be provided by physically removing the ble e medium 170 from the HME device 130 and inserting it into a reader (or port) on the HME provider terminal 150. Alternatively, the identifier may be transmitted by the HME device to the HME . provider terminal by using a wireless or wired tion (e.g., Bluetooth Or USB).

At task 930, an authentication is performed that utilizes the removable storage medium 170 (and/or the HME device identifier 174 stored on the removable storage medium 170) as a security token for ing the records management system 110. Task 930 is. identical to task 630. At task 940, the HME provider terminal. 150 searches the records management system 110 for a patient record associated with the HME device identifier 174 The search may involve submitting a search query to the server 200 with the search key being at least partially based on the HME device identifier 174. In some instances, the search query may be generated , automatically by the HME provider terminal 150 without the terminal’s user having to manually type the HME device identifier 174 or the search query. If the search fails to return a patient record associated with the HME device identifier, task 950 is executed and a new record is created for the patient 120. Otherwise, if the search returns a patient , at task 960, the returned record is modified to identify, depending on the entity providing the memory device and the identification number, either the physician associated with the physician terminal 140 or the HME associated with the respective HME er terminal 150. This identification is also referred to as an association. After a physician or an HME is associated with the patient , they have access to it and can view and/or edit the record.

Fig. 16 depicts a flowchart of a process 10-1000 associated with the . creation of a new record for the patient 120 and associating that record with; (1) the HME device 130 and (2) an HME provider dispensing the HME device 130. The process 0 may be executed, e.g_. at step 950’ of the process 900, in situations where a patient visits HME provider prior to visiting a physician’s office to obtain guidance on how to use the device.

At task 10-1010, a new record is ted under the patient’s name. In one aspect, the allocation may include the HME provider al 150 transmitting, over the network 160, a query to the server 200 instructing it to create a new t record under the name bf the patient 120. The query may include the patient’s name or any other type of t information.

At task 10—1020, the HME device identifier 174 is automatically copied from the removable storage medium 170 to the patient record. The automatic copying dispenses With the need to manually type the device identifier into the HME provider terminal 150, and thus ates the possibility of a typographical error being introduced.

At task 10-1030, the HME provider terminal 150 receives .a user input identifying a preferred HME provider location and stores an indication of the preferred location into the newly-created patient record. The indication may be stored by transmitting-a query, over the network 160, from the HME provider terminal 150 to the server 200 instructing the server 200 to store the preferred location into the patient record. Task 10-1030 may be executed only when HME er locations are identified in the HME provider information record 152. Alternatively, instead of receiving a manually entered user input, the system may be arranged to automatically detect and record the location choice, based on information ated with a location of the HME provider terminal 150 or a server associated with the HME provider al 150.

At task 10-1040, at least a part of the HME er information record 152 is automatically copied into the patient record. The copied information may include. an identifier for the HME Provider (e.g., company name), address, or any other similar ation. The information may be stored into the patient record by transmitting a query, over the network 160, from the HME provider terminal to the server 200. The tic copying of ian information dispenses with the need for an operator to enter the HME provider’s information manually every time a patient is associated with an HME device. [278} At task 10-1050, permissions structure 350 is modified to permit the HME er associated with the HME er terminal 150 to access, modify, or share the newly-created patient’s file. Thus, the HME er is automatically associated with the patient’s record and obtains certain rights to access and/or edit data in the ' record.

Fig. 17 depicts a flowchart of a process 10-1100 associated with the updating of a record associated with the HME device 130 to include information about the HME provider sing the device. The process 10-1100 may be . executed, e.g. at step. 960 of the process 900,'in situations where a. patient visits the HME provider’s office after a physician has created a patient record in the records ' management system 110'and associated that record with the HME device.

‘ At task 10-1110, a se record is retrieved responsive to the search performed at task 930. In this example, the HME provider terminal 150 receives a handle (or identifier) for a t record in the records management system 110 that is associated with the HME device identifier 174. In other examples, however, the HME provider terminal may e a copy of the identified record.

' At task 10-1120, a determination is made whether the user that is logged on (e.g., the HME er) is permitted to modify the retrieved record. If the HME provider is already associated with the patient record by the physician or another entity, the HME provider is permitted to modify the retrieved . The determination may be made, for example, based on (i) a permissions structure, such as the structure 350 and (ii) a, log-in name (or another credential) used by the HME provider to log-in at task 910. If the HME provider is pre-authorized to modify the ved patient file, task 10-1140 may be executed.

Otherwise the execution of the . process 800 proceeds to task 10-1130, where the HME provider verifies the patient’s identity to ensure that the retrieved record is for the same patient that is being treated by the physician.

At task 10-1130, it is determined whether the retrieved record belongs to the patient 120 (e.g., the. patient that provided the removable storage medium 170 to a physician or a HME provider.). Upon finding a match, modifying, by the serfijer 200, the permissions structure associated with the retrieved patient record to permit the user associated with the HME provider terminal 150 to access, share, and/or modify the retrieved data object. If a match is not found, the user,_is refused sion to modify the retrieved t record, and the process 10-1 100 terminates.

At task 10-1140, at least a part of the HME provider information record 152 may be automatically copied into the patient record. The copied information ‘ include HME provider name, zation address, telephone number, or any. other type of physician information that is normally kept in medical records. The information may be stored into the patient record by transmitting a query, over the network 160, from the HME provider terminal 150 to the server 200. Task 10-1140‘ may be executed only if the HME er associated with the HME provider terminal 150 is permitted to modifythe retrieved data ure.

Fig. 18A depicts a flowchart of a process 0A associated with the verification of a patient’s identity by a user, in accordance with one example of task 830 or 10-1130. The user may be a physician using the physician terminal 140 (step 830) or an HME provider‘using the HME provider terminal 150 (step 10-1130). The process ,10-1200A may be performed to ensure that the record ved by the search performed at task 640 or 940 belongs to the user associated with the HME device 130 (e.g., the user or patient 120). Executing the process 10-1200A may prevent physicians or HME providers from modifying the wrong patient record in the s management system 1 10.

At task 10—1210A, one or more items of ation are retrieved from the record retrieved at task 640 (or 940) and ted to the user. The items of information may include patient name, patient address, age, date of birth, social security number, or other similar information. At task 0A, user input is ed indicating whether the presented information belongs to the patient 120. example, the information may be yed on a display screen of a terminal together with a “Yes” and “No” buttons and the user may be permitted to click on one of those buttons to indicate whether the displayed information matches that of the'patient 120.

If the indication is. positive, at task 10-1230A the user is d permission to ' modify, access, or share the record retrieved at task 640 (or 940). In instances where the user has. logged in, using an entity-wide tial, permission may be granted to the wholeentity. Otherwise, if the user input indicates that the ted information does not belong to the patient 120, permission is denied at task 10-124OA.

Fig. 18B s a flowchart of -a process 10-1200B associated with the verification of a patient’s identity by a user, in accordance with another example of tasks 830 and'10-1130. In this example, theuser is required to use an item of information about the patient 120 as a rd. Furthermore, in this example, the user may be denied permission to view or otherWise access the record retrieved at task 640 (or 940) until the process 0B is ted successfully. The process 10- 1200B may be executed by one of the'terminals 140 and 150, by the server 200, or by both the server 200 and one of the terminals 140-150.

At task 10-12108, the user is' required to provide a first item of information about the patient 120 (e.g., name, age, address, etc.) At task 10-1220B, an indication of the first item of information is received as user input. At task 10-. 1230B, a second item of information is obtained from the record ed at task 640 (or 940). The second item of information may be of the same type as the first item.

That is, if the first item is a patient name, then the second item may also be a patient name or if the first item is patient social security number, then the second item may also be al security number. At task 10—124OB, a determination is made whether the first item matches the second item of information. The two items of information are identical or otherwise satisfy a predetermined condition that specifies what it means for two information items to match. If the two items of information match, task 10-1250B is executed and the user is granted permission to modify, access, or share the record retrieved at task 640 (or 940). As discussed above, in instances where the user has logged in using an entity-wide tial, permission may be granted to the whole entity. Otherwise, if the two items do not match, permission is denied at task 10-1260B.

Figs. 12-18B are provided as an example. At least-some of the tasks associated with Figs. 12—18B may be performed in a different order than represented, performed concurrently or altogether omitted. Furthermore, some oi all of the tasks discussed with t to processes 600 to 10-1100 may be combined together into a single embodiment. For instance, although in the above example three layers of authentication are used, namely at tasks 610/910, 630/930, and 830/10-1 130, in other examples none or fewer of those authentication layers may be employed. For example, as indicated by the dashed lines of their respective blocks, the ion of tasks 0 may be optional. That is, in some instances, the process 600/900 may be executed without the removable storage medium 170 (or the HME device identifier 174 stored on the removable storage medium 170) being used for tication purposes. In r e, the ble storage medium 170 or the HME device identifier stored on the removable storage medium 170 may be only informally used as an authentication ism. In such situations, the authentication disCussed with respect to‘ task 610/910 may have to be performed successfully in order for the user to be permitted to execute one or more of the remaining tasks or subtasks in the process 600/900. In yet another example, the authentication mechanism discussed with respect to tasks 830/10-1130 may be the only authentication mechanism used.

In some instances, the ination whether a user should be permitted to execute one or more of the tasks associated with process 600/900, in accordance with any one of the authentication mechanisms discussed with t to tasks 610/910, 630/930, and 830/10-1130, may be made by the records management system 110, in other instances the determination may be made on the client-device-end (e.g., by theterminal 140 or the terminal 150). It should be understood that, in some instances, at least some of the tasks or ks associated with the processes 600 and .900 may be executed using one of the processors 144 and 154. Moreover, in some instances, at least some of the tasks or subtasks associated with the ses 600 and v 900 may be executed by the records management application 250.

Although in the above examples, tasks 710-750 are executed by making remote calls to the records management system. 110 to include and modify the patient record 234, in other examples tasks 0, 810, 840, 101050,_10-1110, and -1140 may executed by creating a record (e.g., a text file, database table, or another data structure) in local memory, modifying the record while it is still in local memory, and then uploading the record to the server 200. ,In that regard, the t record 234 is not limited to being a database record, and rather it can be any other file or data structure capable of g the information discussed above. The sure is not limited to any ular type of data record or method for modifying data records. ' [291] Although the portions 0 of the patient record 234 are depicted in Fig. 9 as integrated together in the same data structure, in other examples they may be independent data structures. Furthermore, in other es, the patient record 234 may be a text file, or another type of file, that is not part of a relational database. In such instances, the able code 240 may include any software for accessing or modifying that file. The disclosure is not limited to any particular implementation of the records storage aspects of the record management system.

Although in this example the server 200 is described as performing a plurality of functions by itself, in other examples the functions of the server 200 may be distributed among multiple servers that are part of the records management system 110. For e, the HTTP server sed above may be eXecuted on a different device (and not on theserver 200). As another example, the database (or another similar system) that is used to store the patient records may also be implemented on a different device (and not on the server 200). To that end, although in the above examples the s management system 110 is depicted as including/a single server, in other examples the s management system 110 may include :multiple servers (dedicated to performing different functions), load balancers, k switches, or any other similar equipment that is normally ated with record management systems.

As these and other variations and combinations of the features discussed above can be utilized without departing from the subject matter as defined by the ‘claims, the foregoing description of exemplary aspects should be taken by" way of illustration rather than by way oflimitation of the subject matter as defined by the claims; It will also be understood that the provision of the es described herein (as well as clauses phrased as l'such as," "e.g.", "including" and the like) should not be interpreted as limiting the claimed subject matter to the specific examples; rather, the examples are intended to illustrate only some ofmany possible aspects. 4.7 RY For the purposes of the t technology disclosure, in certain forms of the present technology, one or more of the following, definitions may apply. In other forms of the present technology, alternative definitions may apply. 4.7.1 l Air: In certain forms of the present technology, air supplied to a patient may be atmospheric air, and in other forms of the present technology atmospheric air may be supplemented with oxygen.

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP): CPAP treatment will be taken to mean the ation of a supply of air or breathable gas to the entrance to the airways at a re that is uously positive with respect to atmosphere, and preferably approximately‘constant through a respiratory cycle of a patient. In some, forms, the pressure at the entrance to the airways will vary by a few centimeters of ' water within a single atory cycle, for example being higher during inhalation- and lower during exhalation. In some forms, the pressure at the entrance to the airways will be slightly higher during exhalation, and slightly lower during inhalation.

In some forms, the pressure will vary between different respiratory cycles of the patient, for example being-inereased in se to detection of tions of partial upper airway obstruction, and decreased in the absence of tions of partial upper airway obstruction. 4.7.2 Aspects of PAP devices Air circuit: A conduit or tube constructed and arranged in use to deliver a ' supply of air or breathable gas between a PAP device and a patient interface. In ular, the air circuit may be in fluid connection with the outlet of the pneumatic block and the patient interface. The air circuit may be referred to as air delivery tube.

In some cases there may be separate limbs of the circuit for inhalation and exhalatidn.

In other cases a single limb is used. ' APAP; Automatic Positive Airway Pressure. Positive airway pressure that is continually adjustable between minimum and maximum limits, depending on the presence or absence of indications of SDB events. .[299] Blower orflow generator: A device that delivers a flow of air at a pressure above ambient pressure. ‘ Controller: A , or n of a device that adjusts an output based under control- on an input. For example one form of controller has a variable thatis the control variable- that tutes the input to the device. The output of the device is a function of the t value of the control variable, and a set point for the variable. A servo-ventilator may include a controller thatlhas ventilation as an input, a target ventilation as the set point, and level of pressure support as an . Other forms of input may be one or more of oxygen saturation (SaOz), partial pressure of » carbon dioxide (PCOz), movement, a signal from a photoplethysmogram, and peak flow. The set point of the ller may be one or more of fixed, variable or learned.

For example, the set point in a“ ventilator may be a long term average of the measured ation of a patient. Another ator may have a ation set point that changes with time. A pressure controller may be configured to control a blower or pump to deliver air at a particular pressure. - [301] Therapy: Therapy in the present context may be one or more of positive pressure therapy, oxygenttherapy, carbon dioxide therapy, control of dead space, and g the administration of a drug.

Motor: A device for converting electrical energy into rotary movement of a member. In the present context the rotating member is an impeller, which rotates in place around a fixed axis so as to impart a pressure increase to air moving along the aXis of rotation.

Positive Airway Pressure (PAP) device: A device for providing a supply of air .at positive pressure to the airways.

Transducers: A device for converting one form of energy or signal into another. A transducer may be a sensor or detector for converting mechanical energy (such as movement) into an electrical signal. s of transducers include re sensors, flow sensors, carbon diOxide (C02) sensors, oxygen (02), sensors, effort sensors, movement sensors, noise sensors, a plethysmograph, and cameras.

Volute: The casing of the centrifugal pump that receives the air being pumped by the er, slowing down the flow rate of air and increasing the pressure. The cross-section of the volute' increases in area towards the discharge port. 4.7.3 Aspects of the respiratory cycle ApneazPreferably, apnea will be said to have occurred when flow falls below a predetermined old for a duration, e.g. 10 seconds. An obstructive apnea will be said to have occurred when, despite patient effort,-some obstruction of the airway does not allow air to flow. A central apnea will be said to have occurred when an apnea is detected that is due to a reduction in ing , or the absence of - breathing effort.

Breathing rare: The rate of spontaneous respiration of a patient, usually measured in breaths per minute.

Duty cycle: The ratio of inhalation time, Ti to total breath time, Trot.

Eflort (breathing): Preferably breathing effort will be said to be the work done by a spontaneously ing person attempting to e: Expiratory portion of a breathing cycle: The' period from the start of expiratory flow to the start of inspiratory flow.

Flow limitation: Preferably, flow limitation will be taken to be the state of affairs in a patient's respiration where an increase in effort by the patient does not give rise to a corresponding increase in flow. Where flow limitation occurs during an inspiratory portion of the breathing cycle it may be bed as atory flow limitation. Where flow limitation occurs during an expiratory portion of the breathing cycle it may be described as expiratory flow limitation.

Types of flow limited inspiratory waveforms: (i) Flattened: Having a rise followed by a relatively flat n, folloWed by a fall. . (ii) M—shaped: Having two local peaks, one at the leading edge, and one at the trailing edge, and a relatively flat portion between the two peaks. (iii) Chair-shaped: Having a single local peak, the peak being at the leading edge, followed by a relatively flat portion. (iv) Reverse-chair : Having a vely flat portion ed by single local peak, the peak being atthe trailing edge.

Hypopnea: Preferably, a hypopnea will be taken to be a reduction in flow, but not a cessation of flow. Inv‘one form, a hypopnea may be said to have occurred when there is a reduction in flow below a threshold for a duration. In one form in 1 adults, the following either of the following may be regarded as being hypopneas: (i) a 30% ion in patient breathing for at least 10 seconds plus an associated 4% desaturation; or (ii) a ion in patient ing (but less than 50%) for at least 10 seconds, with an ateddesaturation of at least 3% or an arousal.

Hyperpnea: An increase in flow to a level higher than normal flow.

Inspiratory portion of a breathing cycle: Preferably the period from the start of inspiratory flow to the start of expiratory flow will be taken to be the _ inspiratory portion of a breathing cycle.

Patency (airway): Thedegree of the airway being open, or the extent to which the airway is open. A patent airway is open. Airway patency may be quantified, for example with a value of one (1) being patent, and a value of zero (0), being closed.

Positive End-Expiratory Pressure (PEEP): The pressure above atrnOsphere in the lungs that exists at the end Of expiration.

Peakflow (Qpeak): The maximum value of flow during the inspiratory portion ofthe respiratory flow waveform.

Respiratoryflow, airflow, patient airflow, atory airflow (Qr): These synonymous terms may be understood to refer to the PAP ’s estimate 0f respiratory airflow, as opposed to “true respiratory flow” or “true respiratory airflow”, which is the actual respiratory flow experienced by the patient, usually expressed in litres per minute.

Tidal volume (Vt): The volume of air inhaled or exhaled during normal breathing, when extra effort is not applied. (inhalation) Time (Ti): The duration of the inspiratory portion of the respiratory flow waveform. (exhalation) Time (Te): The on of the expiratory portion of the respiratory flow waveform. (total) Time (Ttot): The total duration between the start. of the inspiratory portion of One respiratory flow waveform and the start of the inspiratory portion of the following respiratory flow rm.

Typical recent ventilation: The value of ventilation around which recent values over some predetermined timescale tend to cluster, that is, a measure of the l tendency of the recent values of ation.

Upper'airway obstruction (UAO): includes both partial and total upper airway obstruction. This may be associated with a state of flow limitation, in which the level of flow increases only slightly or may even se as the pressure difference across the upper airway increases (Starling resistor behaviour).

Ventilation (Vent): A measure of the total amount of gas being exchanged by the patient’s atory system, including both inspiratory and expiratory flow, per unit time. When expressed as a volume per minute, this quantity is often ed to as “minute ation”. Minute ventilation is sometimes given simply as a volume, understood to be the volume per . 4.7.4 PAP device parameters Flow rate: The instantaneous volume (or mass) of air delivered per unit time. While flow rate and ation have the same dimensions of volume or mass per unit time, flow rate is measured over a much shorter period of time. Flow may be nominally positive for the inspiratory portion of a breathing cycle of a patient, and hence negative for the expiratory portion of the breathing cycle of a patient. In ‘ some 63 - WO 53010 cases, a reference to flow rate will be a reference to a scalar quantity, namely a' quantity having magnitude only. In other cases, a nce to flow rate will be a reference to a vector quantity, narnely a quantity having both magnitude and ion.

Flow will be given the symbol Q. Total flow, Qt, is the flow of air leaving the PAP device. Vent flow, Qv, is the flow of air leaving a vent to allow washout of exhaled gases. Leak flow, Q], is the flow rate of ntional leak from a patient interface system. Respiratory flow, Qr, is the flow of air that is received into the patient's ' respiratory system.

Leak: ably, the word leak will be taken to be a flow of air to the ambient. Leak may be intentional, for example to allow for the washout of exhaled C02. Leak may be unintentional, for example, as the result of an lete seal between a mask and a patient's face.

Noise, ted: (how measured, typical values) Noise, transmitted: (how measured, typical Hyalues) Pressure: Force-per unit area. Pressure may be measured in a range of' units, including cmHZO, g-f/cmz, hectopascal. lcmHzO is equal to l' g-f/cm2 and is approximately 0.98 hectopascal. In this specification, unless otherwise stated, pressure is given in'units of cmH20. For nasal CPAP treatment of OSA, a reference to treatment pressure is a reference to a pressure in the range of about 4-20 cmHZO, or . - about 4-30 cmHZO. The pressure in the patient interface is given the symbol Pm.

Sound Power: The energy per unit time carried by a sound wave. The sound power is proportional to the square of sound pressure multiplied by the area of the wavefront. Sound power is usually given in decibels SWL, that is, decibels ve to a reference power, normally taken as 10"2 watt.

Sound Pressure: The local deviation from ambient pressure [at a given time instant as a result of a sound wave travelling through a medium. Sound power is usually given in decibels SPL, that is, decibels relative to a reference power, normally taken as 20 X 106 pascal (Pa), considered the threshold ofhuman hearing. 4.7.5 Terms for ventilators Adaptive Servo-Ventilator: A ventilator that has a changeable, rather than fixed target ventilation. The changeable target ventilation may be learned from some characteristic of the patient, for example, a respiratory characteristic of the patient.

Backup rate: A parameter of a ventilator that ishes the minimum respiration rate (typically in number of breaths per minute) that the ventilator will deliver to the patient, if not otherwise triggered.

CyCIed: The termination of a ventilator's atory phase. When a ator delivers a breath to a spontaneously breathing patient, at the end of the inspiratory portion of the breathing cycle, the ventilator is said to be cycled to stop delivering the breath. ‘ EPAP (or EEP): a base pressure, to which a pressure varying within the breath is added to' produce the desired mask pressure which the ventilator will attempt to achieve at a given time.

IPAP: desired mask pressure which the ventilator will attempt to achieve during the inspiratory portion of the .

Pressure support: A number that is indicative of the increase in pressure during ventilator ation over that during ventilator tion, and lly means the difference in pressure n the maximum value during inspiration and the minimum value during expiration (e.g., PS = IPAP 4 EPAP). In some contexts pressure support means the ence which theventilator aims to achieve, rather than what it actually achieves.

. Servo-ventilator: A ator that measures patient ventilation has a target ventilation, and which adj‘usts the level of pressure support to bring the patient, ventilation towards the target ventilation. ' [341] Spbntanedus/Timed (S/T) - A mode of a ventilator or other device that attempts to detect the initiation of a breath of a neously breathing patient. If however, the device is unable to detect a breath within a predetermined period of time, the device will automatically initiate delivery ofthe breath.

Swing: Equivalent term to pressure support.

Triggered: When a ventilator delivers a breath of air to a neously ing patient, it is said to be triggered to do so at the tion of the respiratory portion ofthe breathing cycle by the patient's efforts. ([344] Ventilator: A ical device that provides pressure support to a patient to perform some or all ofthe work of breathing. 4.7.6 Anatomy of the respiratory system Diaphragm: A sheet of muscle that extends across the bottom of the rib . cage. The diaphragm separates the thoracic cavity, ning the heart, lungs and ribs, from the abdominal cavity. As the diaphragm contracts the volume of the thoracic cavity increases and air is drawn into the lungs.

Larynx: The larynx, or voice box houses the vocal folds and connects the inferior part of the pharynx (hypopharynx) with the trachea.

Lungs: The organs of respiration in humans. The conducting zone of the lungs contains the trachea, the bronchi, the bronchioles, and the terminal bronchioles.

The respiratory zone contains the respiratory bronchioles, the alveolar ducts, and the alveoli.

Nasal cavity: The nasal cavity (or nasal fossa) is a large air filled space above and behind the nose in the middle of the face. The nasal cavity is divided in two by a vertical fin called the nasal septum. On the sides of the nasal cavity are three horizontal outgrowths called nasal conchae (singular "concha") or ates. To the front of the nasal cavity is the nose, while the back blends, via the choanae, into the, ~ nasopharynx.

Pharynx: The part of the throat ed immediately inferior to (below) the nasal cavity, and superior to the oesophagus and larynx. The x is conventionally divided into three sections: the nasopharynx (epipharynx) (the nasal partof the x), the oropharynx (mesopharynx) (the oral part of the pharynx), and the-laryngopharynx (hypopharynx). 4.8 OTHER REMARKS ‘ A portion of the disclosure of this, patent document contains material which is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection to the ile reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office patent file or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever.

Unless the context clearly dictates ise and where a range of values is provided, it is understood that each intervening value, to the tenth 9f the unit of the lower limit, between the upper and lower limit of that range, and any other stated or intervening value in that stated range is assed within the logy. The upper and lower limits of these intervening ranges, which may be ndently included in the intervening ranges, are also encompassed within the technology, subject to any specifically excluded limit in the stated range. Where the stated range includes one or both of the , ranges excluding either or both of those included limits are alse included in the technology.

Furthermore, where a value or values are stated herein as being implemented as part of the technology, it is understood that such values may be approximated, unless otherwise stated, and such values may be utilized to any suitable significant digit to the extent that a practical technical implementation may permit or require it. .

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as ly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this technology belongs. Although any s and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can also be used in the practice or testing of the present technology, a limited number of the ary methods and materials are bed herein.

When a particular material is identified as being preferably used to construct a component, obvious ative materials with similar properties may be used as. a substitute. Furthermore, unless specified to the contrary, any and all components herein described are understood to be capable of being manufactured and, as such, may be manufactured together or separately.

It must be noted that as used herein and in the appended claims, the singular forms "a", "an",'and "the" include their plural equivalents, unless the context y dictates otherwise.

All publications mentioned herein (are incorporated by ' reference to se and describe the methods and/or materials which are the subject of those publications. The publications sed ‘ herein are provided solely for their disclosure prior to the filing date of the present application. Nothing herein is to be construed as an admission that the present technology is not entitled to antedate such ' publication by virtue of prior invention. Further, the dates of publication provided may be different from the actual publication dates, which may need to be independently confirmed.

Moreover, in interpreting the sure, all terms should be interpreted in_ the broadest reasonable manner tent with the context. In particular, the terms , "comprises" - and "comprising" should be interpreted as referring to elements, components, or steps in a clusive manner, indicating that the referenced elements, components, or steps may be present, or utilized, or combined with other elements, components, or steps that are not expressly nced.

The subject headings used in the detailed description are included only for the ease of reference of the reader and should not be used to limit the'subject matter found throughout the disclosure or the claims. The subject headings should not be used in construing the scope of the claims or the claim limitations.

Although the technology herein has been described with reference to particular ments, it is to be understood that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the ples and applications of the technology, Insome instances, the ology and s may imply specific details that are not required to practice the technology. For example, although the terms "first" and "second" may be used, unless otherwise specified, they are not intended to indicate any order but may be utilised to distinguish between distinct ts. Furthermore, although process steps in the methodologies may be described or illustrated in an order, such an ordering is not required. Those skilled in the art will recognize that such ordering may be modified and/or aspects thereof may be conducted rently or even ,. synchronously.

It- is therefore to be understood that numerous modifications may be made to. the illustrative embodiments and that other arrangements may be devised without ' departing from the spirit and scope of the technology.

Claims (14)

1. A method for sharing l records data of a t with a home medical equipment provider entity and a physician entity using a computerized records ment system on a network, the medical records data at least including data associated with a home medical equipment (HME) device provided to the patient, the method comprising: creating a HME device ated patient record in the erized records management system, the HME device associated t record comprising patient information and an HME device identifier, wherein the HME device identifier is associated with the HME device, the HME device identifier is a unique identifier that distinguishes the HME device ed to the patient from other HME devices registered at the computerized records ment system, and wherein the computerized records management system is configured to provide access to the patient information via the HME device associated patient record in connection with an HME device identifier search, whereby duplicate record creation is avoided; associating the HME device associated patient record with at least one of the home medical equipment provider entity and the physician entity; and transmitting, via the network, data of the HME device associated patient record to a device associated with the home l ent provider entity or the physician entity.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the HME device identifier associated with the HME device is stored on a removable storage medium.

3. The method of claim 1, n the HME device identifier is saved in internal memory of the home medical equipment (HME) device and transmitted wirelessly for the creating the HME device associated patient record.

4. The method of any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein the associating of the HME device associated patient record with at least one of the home medical equipment provider entity and the physician entity is automatic with the creating.

5. The method of any one of claims 1 to 4 further comprising modifying the HME device ated patient record by associating the HME device associated patient record with the other one of the at least one of the home medical equipment provider entity and the physician entity in response to a search for the HME device identifier.

6. The method of claim 5 wherein the associating the HME device ated patient record with the other one of the at least one of the home medical equipment provider entity and the physician entity is automatic.

7. The method of any one of claims 1 to 6 further comprising transmitting, via the network, data of the HME device associated patient record to a device associated with the other one of the at least one of the home medical equipment provider entity and the physician entity.

8. A system for sharing medical records data of a patient with a home l equipment provider entity and a physician entity using a computerized records management server on a k, the medical records data at least including data associated with a home medical equipment (HME) device provided to the patient, the system comprising: one or more s configured to communicate the medical records data on the network, wherein the one or more servers are configured to: create a HME device ated patient record in the computerized records management system, the HME device associated t record comprising patient ation and an HME device identifier, wherein the computerized records management system is configured to provide access to the patient information via the HME device ated patient record in tion with an HME device identifier search; wherein the HME device identifier is an identifier associated with the HME device such that the HME device identifier is a unique identifier that distinguishes the HME device provided to the patient from other HME devices registered at the computerized records management system, whereby duplicate record creation is avoided; ate the HME device associated patient record with at least one of the home l equipment provider entity and the ian entity; and transmit, via the network, data of the HME device associated patient record to a device associated with the home medical equipment provider entity or the physician entity.

9. The system of claim 8, wherein the HME device identifier associated with the HME device is stored on a removable storage medium.

10. The system of claim 8, wherein the HME device identifier is saved in al memory of the home medical equipment (HME) device and transmitted wirelessly for the creation of the HME device associated patient record.

11. The system of any one of claims 8 to 10 wherein the one or more servers are configured to associate the HME device associated patient record with the at least one of the home l equipment provider entity and the physician entity automatically with the creation of the HME device ated patient record.

12. The system of any one of claims 8 to 11 wherein the one or more servers are configured to modify the HME device associated patient record to associate the HME device ated patient record with the other one of the at least one of the home l equipment provider entity and the physician entity in response to a search for the HME device identifier.

13. The system of claim 12 wherein the one or more servers are configured to ate the HME device associated patient record with the other one of the at least one of the home medical equipment provider entity and the physician entity automatically.

14. The system of any one of claims 8 to 13 wherein the one or more servers are further configured to transmit, via the network, data of the HME device associated patient record to a device associated with the other one of the at least one of the home medical equipment provider entity and the physician entity.