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NZ760906B2 - Convergent x-ray imaging device and method - Google Patents
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NZ760906B2 - Convergent x-ray imaging device and method - Google Patents

Convergent x-ray imaging device and method

Info

Publication number
NZ760906B2
NZ760906B2 NZ760906A NZ76090618A NZ760906B2 NZ 760906 B2 NZ760906 B2 NZ 760906B2 NZ 760906 A NZ760906 A NZ 760906A NZ 76090618 A NZ76090618 A NZ 76090618A NZ 760906 B2 NZ760906 B2 NZ 760906B2
Authority
NZ
New Zealand
Prior art keywords
ray
output beam
gamma
optic
laser
Prior art date
Application number
NZ760906A
Other versions
NZ760906A (en
Inventor
Christopher Pj Barty
Original Assignee
Lawrence Livermore National Security Llc
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lawrence Livermore National Security Llc filed Critical Lawrence Livermore National Security Llc
Priority claimed from PCT/US2018/043342 external-priority patent/WO2019027712A1/en
Publication of NZ760906A publication Critical patent/NZ760906A/en
Publication of NZ760906B2 publication Critical patent/NZ760906B2/en

Links

Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/06Diaphragms
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/40Arrangements for generating radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis
    • A61B6/4035Arrangements for generating radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis the source being combined with a filter or grating
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/40Arrangements for generating radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis
    • A61B6/4064Arrangements for generating radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis specially adapted for producing a particular type of beam
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/40Arrangements for generating radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis
    • A61B6/4064Arrangements for generating radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis specially adapted for producing a particular type of beam
    • A61B6/4085Cone-beams
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/42Arrangements for detecting radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis
    • A61B6/4208Arrangements for detecting radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis characterised by using a particular type of detector
    • A61B6/4258Arrangements for detecting radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis characterised by using a particular type of detector for detecting non x-ray radiation, e.g. gamma radiation
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/48Diagnostic techniques
    • A61B6/483Diagnostic techniques involving scattered radiation
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/48Diagnostic techniques
    • A61B6/484Diagnostic techniques involving phase contrast X-ray imaging
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/48Diagnostic techniques
    • A61B6/485Diagnostic techniques involving fluorescence X-ray imaging
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/52Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for radiation diagnosis
    • A61B6/5205Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for radiation diagnosis involving processing of raw data to produce diagnostic data
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N23/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
    • G01N23/02Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
    • G01N23/04Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material
    • GPHYSICS
    • G21NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21KHANDLING OF PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
    • G21K1/00Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating
    • G21K1/06Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating using diffraction, refraction or reflection, e.g. monochromators
    • G21K1/065Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating using diffraction, refraction or reflection, e.g. monochromators using refraction, e.g. Tomie lenses
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05GX-RAY TECHNIQUE
    • H05G2/00Apparatus or processes specially adapted for producing X-rays, not involving X-ray tubes, e.g. involving generation of a plasma

Abstract

Techniques are provided for the production of high-contrast, x-ray and/or gamma-ray radiographic images. The images have minimal contributions from object-dependent background radiation. The invention utilizes the low divergence, quasi-monoenergetic, x-ray or gamma-ray output from a laser-Compton source in combination with x-ray optical technologies to produce a converging x-ray or gamma-ray beam with which to produce a high-contrast, shadowgraph of a specific object. The object to be imaged is placed within the path of the converging beam between the x-ray optical assembly and the focus of the x-ray beam produced by that assembly. The beam is then passed through an optically thick pinhole located at the focus of the beam. Downstream of the pinhole, the inverted shadowgraph of the object is then recorded by an appropriate 2D detector array. The detector is positioned for detecting an inverted shadowgraph of the object in the diverging beam and recording the inverted shadowgraph of the object.

Claims (30)

We claim:
1. An apparatus, comprising: a source for providing an x-ray or gamma-ray output beam; at least one x-ray and/or gamma-ray optic to produce, from said output beam, a converging beam directed toward a focal point, the apparatus being arranged to have an object to be observed positioned within the path of said output beam or said converging beam to result in an altered beam; an aperture having an opening located at the focal position of said altered beam, wherein at least a portion of said altered beam will pass through said opening to produce a diverging beam; and a detector positioned for detecting an inverted shadowgraph of said object in said diverging beam and recording said inverted shadowgraph of said object.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said output beam is a quasi- monoenergetic, x-ray or gamma-ray output beam provided from a laser- Compton source.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said opening comprises a shape selected from the group consisting of a pinhole and a slit.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said opening comprises a conical hole.
5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein said conical hole matches the convergence and/or divergence of the laser-Compton beam at and around the focus.
6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said aperture is constructed from highly attenuating materials and is configured to have sufficient thickness so as to block any x-rays or gamma rays not passing through said opening.
7. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising means for tuning said output beam to just above a specific inner-shell, ionization threshold of a particular atomic species within said object to enhance contrast in the image and/ or enable elemental material identification within the object.
8. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising means for tuning said output beam to a nuclear resonance fluorescence transition of a particular atomic species within said object to enhance contrast and/ or enable isotopic material identification within said object.
9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said detector comprises a gated detector system configured for gating said detector system so that it is on only during the arrival of ballistic image-forming photons of said diverging beam, thereby further discriminating against background and scattered radiation.
10. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein said at least one x-¬ray and/ or gamma-ray optic comprises a spatially varying structure such that lower energy, higher angle, laser-Compton photons of said output beam that are incident upon said at least one x-ray and/or gamma-ray optic are focused to the same spot and same spot size as higher energy, on axis, laser-Compton photons of said output beam.
11. The apparatus of claim 2, further comprising means for matching chromatic aberrations of at least one x-ray and/or gamma-ray optic to the spectral-angle dependency of said laser-Compton source.
12. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein said at least one x-ray and/or gamma-ray optic is configured to direct said output beam to a focus at said focal point in only one dimension and allow said output beam to diverge in accordance with the physics of the laser-Compton process in the other dimension and wherein said opening is a slit matching the focal size of said output beam in the focusing dimension.
13. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein said at least one x-ray and/or gamma-ray optic comprises two, one-dimensional, compound x-ray optics oriented at 90 degrees with respect to one another and that focus to different locations, wherein one of these produces a fan beam of one dimension of said output beam and the other produces a line focus of said output beam, wherein a slit is placed at said line focus to reduce background radiation.
14. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein said at least one x-ray and/ or gamma-ray optic comprises a first one-dimensional, compound x-ray optic and a second one-dimensional, compound x-ray optic oriented at 90 degrees with respect to said first one-dimensional, compound x-ray optic, wherein said the output beam is collimated in one dimension by said first one-dimensional, compound x-ray optic and then focused in the other dimension by said second one-dimensional x-ray optic, wherein a slit is placed at said focal point to reduce background radiation.
15. A method, comprising: providing an x-ray or gamma-ray output beam; directing said output beam through at least one x-ray and/or gamma-ray optic to produce a converging beam directed toward a focal point; positioning an object within the path of said output beam or said converging beam to produce an altered beam; providing an aperture having an opening located at the focal point of said altered beam, wherein at least a portion of said altered beam passes through said opening to produce a diverging beam; and with a detector, detecting an inverted shadowgraph in said diverging beam and recording said inverted shadowgraph of said object.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein said output beam is a quasi- monoenergetic, x-ray or gamma-ray output beam provided from a laser- Compton source.
17. The method of claim 15, wherein said opening comprises a shape selected from the group consisting of a pinhole and a slit.
18. The method of claim 15, wherein said opening comprises a conical hole.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein said conical hole matches the convergence and/or divergence of the laser-Compton beam at and around the focus.
20. The method of claim 15, wherein said aperture is constructed from highly attenuating materials and is configured to have sufficient thickness so as to block any x-rays or gamma rays not passing through said opening.
21. The method of claim 15, further comprising tuning said output beam to just above a specific inner-shell, ionization threshold of a particular atomic species within said object to enhance contrast in the image and/ or enable elemental material identification within the object.
22. The method of claim 15, further comprising tuning said output beam to a nuclear resonance fluorescence transition of a particular atomic species within said object to enhance contrast and/ or enable isotopic material identification within said object.
23. The method of claim 15, wherein the step of detecting said diverging beam is carried out with a gated detector system, the method further comprising gating said detector system so that it is on only during the arrival of ballistic image-forming photons of said diverging beam, thereby further discriminating against background and scattered radiation.
24. The method of claim 16, wherein said at least one x-ray and/ or gamma-ray optic comprises a spatially varying structure such that lower energy, higher angle, laser-Compton photons of said output beam that are incident upon said at least one x-ray and/or gamma-ray optic are focused to the same spot and same spot size as higher energy, on axis, laser-Compton photons of said output beam.
25. The method of claim 16, wherein chromatic aberrations of at least one x-ray and/ or gamma-ray optic are matched to the spectral-angle dependency of said laser-Compton source.
26. The method of claim 15, wherein said at least one x-ray and/ or gamma-ray optic directs said output beam to a focus at said focal point in only one dimension and allows said output beam to diverge in accordance with the physics of the laser-Compton process in the other dimension and wherein said opening is a slit matching the focal size of said output beam in the focusing dimension.
27. The method of claim 15, wherein said at least one x-ray and/or gamma-ray optic comprises two, one-dimensional, compound x-ray optics oriented at 90 degrees with respect to one another and that focus to different locations, wherein one of these produces a fan beam of one dimension of said output beam and the other produces a line focus of said output beam, wherein a slit is placed at said line focus to reduce background radiation.
28. The method of claim 15, wherein said at least one x-ray and/ or gamma-ray optic comprises a first one-dimensional, compound x-ray optic and a second one-dimensional, compound x-ray optic oriented at 90 degrees with respect to said first one-dimensional, compound x-ray optic, wherein said the output beam is collimated in one dimension by said first one-dimensional, compound x-ray optic and then focused in the other dimension by said second one-dimensional x-ray optic, wherein a slit is placed at said focal point to reduce background radiation.
29. Apparatus according to claim 1 substantially as herein described with reference to any embodiment.
30. Method according to claim 15 substantially as herein described with reference to any embodiment.
NZ760906A 2018-07-23 Convergent x-ray imaging device and method NZ760906B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201762539452P 2017-07-31 2017-07-31
PCT/US2018/043342 WO2019027712A1 (en) 2017-07-31 2018-07-23 Convergent x-ray imaging device and method

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
NZ760906A NZ760906A (en) 2025-06-27
NZ760906B2 true NZ760906B2 (en) 2025-09-30

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