NZ760906B2 - Convergent x-ray imaging device and method - Google Patents
Convergent x-ray imaging device and methodInfo
- Publication number
- NZ760906B2 NZ760906B2 NZ760906A NZ76090618A NZ760906B2 NZ 760906 B2 NZ760906 B2 NZ 760906B2 NZ 760906 A NZ760906 A NZ 760906A NZ 76090618 A NZ76090618 A NZ 76090618A NZ 760906 B2 NZ760906 B2 NZ 760906B2
- Authority
- NZ
- New Zealand
- Prior art keywords
- ray
- output beam
- gamma
- optic
- laser
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/06—Diaphragms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/40—Arrangements for generating radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis
- A61B6/4035—Arrangements for generating radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis the source being combined with a filter or grating
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/40—Arrangements for generating radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis
- A61B6/4064—Arrangements for generating radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis specially adapted for producing a particular type of beam
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/40—Arrangements for generating radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis
- A61B6/4064—Arrangements for generating radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis specially adapted for producing a particular type of beam
- A61B6/4085—Cone-beams
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/42—Arrangements for detecting radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis
- A61B6/4208—Arrangements for detecting radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis characterised by using a particular type of detector
- A61B6/4258—Arrangements for detecting radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis characterised by using a particular type of detector for detecting non x-ray radiation, e.g. gamma radiation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/48—Diagnostic techniques
- A61B6/483—Diagnostic techniques involving scattered radiation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/48—Diagnostic techniques
- A61B6/484—Diagnostic techniques involving phase contrast X-ray imaging
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/48—Diagnostic techniques
- A61B6/485—Diagnostic techniques involving fluorescence X-ray imaging
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/52—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for radiation diagnosis
- A61B6/5205—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for radiation diagnosis involving processing of raw data to produce diagnostic data
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
- G01N23/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21K—HANDLING OF PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
- G21K1/00—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating
- G21K1/06—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating using diffraction, refraction or reflection, e.g. monochromators
- G21K1/065—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating using diffraction, refraction or reflection, e.g. monochromators using refraction, e.g. Tomie lenses
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05G—X-RAY TECHNIQUE
- H05G2/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for producing X-rays, not involving X-ray tubes, e.g. involving generation of a plasma
Abstract
Techniques are provided for the production of high-contrast, x-ray and/or gamma-ray radiographic images. The images have minimal contributions from object-dependent background radiation. The invention utilizes the low divergence, quasi-monoenergetic, x-ray or gamma-ray output from a laser-Compton source in combination with x-ray optical technologies to produce a converging x-ray or gamma-ray beam with which to produce a high-contrast, shadowgraph of a specific object. The object to be imaged is placed within the path of the converging beam between the x-ray optical assembly and the focus of the x-ray beam produced by that assembly. The beam is then passed through an optically thick pinhole located at the focus of the beam. Downstream of the pinhole, the inverted shadowgraph of the object is then recorded by an appropriate 2D detector array. The detector is positioned for detecting an inverted shadowgraph of the object in the diverging beam and recording the inverted shadowgraph of the object.
Claims (30)
1. An apparatus, comprising: a source for providing an x-ray or gamma-ray output beam; at least one x-ray and/or gamma-ray optic to produce, from said output beam, a converging beam directed toward a focal point, the apparatus being arranged to have an object to be observed positioned within the path of said output beam or said converging beam to result in an altered beam; an aperture having an opening located at the focal position of said altered beam, wherein at least a portion of said altered beam will pass through said opening to produce a diverging beam; and a detector positioned for detecting an inverted shadowgraph of said object in said diverging beam and recording said inverted shadowgraph of said object.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said output beam is a quasi- monoenergetic, x-ray or gamma-ray output beam provided from a laser- Compton source.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said opening comprises a shape selected from the group consisting of a pinhole and a slit.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said opening comprises a conical hole.
5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein said conical hole matches the convergence and/or divergence of the laser-Compton beam at and around the focus.
6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said aperture is constructed from highly attenuating materials and is configured to have sufficient thickness so as to block any x-rays or gamma rays not passing through said opening.
7. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising means for tuning said output beam to just above a specific inner-shell, ionization threshold of a particular atomic species within said object to enhance contrast in the image and/ or enable elemental material identification within the object.
8. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising means for tuning said output beam to a nuclear resonance fluorescence transition of a particular atomic species within said object to enhance contrast and/ or enable isotopic material identification within said object.
9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said detector comprises a gated detector system configured for gating said detector system so that it is on only during the arrival of ballistic image-forming photons of said diverging beam, thereby further discriminating against background and scattered radiation.
10. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein said at least one x-¬ray and/ or gamma-ray optic comprises a spatially varying structure such that lower energy, higher angle, laser-Compton photons of said output beam that are incident upon said at least one x-ray and/or gamma-ray optic are focused to the same spot and same spot size as higher energy, on axis, laser-Compton photons of said output beam.
11. The apparatus of claim 2, further comprising means for matching chromatic aberrations of at least one x-ray and/or gamma-ray optic to the spectral-angle dependency of said laser-Compton source.
12. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein said at least one x-ray and/or gamma-ray optic is configured to direct said output beam to a focus at said focal point in only one dimension and allow said output beam to diverge in accordance with the physics of the laser-Compton process in the other dimension and wherein said opening is a slit matching the focal size of said output beam in the focusing dimension.
13. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein said at least one x-ray and/or gamma-ray optic comprises two, one-dimensional, compound x-ray optics oriented at 90 degrees with respect to one another and that focus to different locations, wherein one of these produces a fan beam of one dimension of said output beam and the other produces a line focus of said output beam, wherein a slit is placed at said line focus to reduce background radiation.
14. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein said at least one x-ray and/ or gamma-ray optic comprises a first one-dimensional, compound x-ray optic and a second one-dimensional, compound x-ray optic oriented at 90 degrees with respect to said first one-dimensional, compound x-ray optic, wherein said the output beam is collimated in one dimension by said first one-dimensional, compound x-ray optic and then focused in the other dimension by said second one-dimensional x-ray optic, wherein a slit is placed at said focal point to reduce background radiation.
15. A method, comprising: providing an x-ray or gamma-ray output beam; directing said output beam through at least one x-ray and/or gamma-ray optic to produce a converging beam directed toward a focal point; positioning an object within the path of said output beam or said converging beam to produce an altered beam; providing an aperture having an opening located at the focal point of said altered beam, wherein at least a portion of said altered beam passes through said opening to produce a diverging beam; and with a detector, detecting an inverted shadowgraph in said diverging beam and recording said inverted shadowgraph of said object.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein said output beam is a quasi- monoenergetic, x-ray or gamma-ray output beam provided from a laser- Compton source.
17. The method of claim 15, wherein said opening comprises a shape selected from the group consisting of a pinhole and a slit.
18. The method of claim 15, wherein said opening comprises a conical hole.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein said conical hole matches the convergence and/or divergence of the laser-Compton beam at and around the focus.
20. The method of claim 15, wherein said aperture is constructed from highly attenuating materials and is configured to have sufficient thickness so as to block any x-rays or gamma rays not passing through said opening.
21. The method of claim 15, further comprising tuning said output beam to just above a specific inner-shell, ionization threshold of a particular atomic species within said object to enhance contrast in the image and/ or enable elemental material identification within the object.
22. The method of claim 15, further comprising tuning said output beam to a nuclear resonance fluorescence transition of a particular atomic species within said object to enhance contrast and/ or enable isotopic material identification within said object.
23. The method of claim 15, wherein the step of detecting said diverging beam is carried out with a gated detector system, the method further comprising gating said detector system so that it is on only during the arrival of ballistic image-forming photons of said diverging beam, thereby further discriminating against background and scattered radiation.
24. The method of claim 16, wherein said at least one x-ray and/ or gamma-ray optic comprises a spatially varying structure such that lower energy, higher angle, laser-Compton photons of said output beam that are incident upon said at least one x-ray and/or gamma-ray optic are focused to the same spot and same spot size as higher energy, on axis, laser-Compton photons of said output beam.
25. The method of claim 16, wherein chromatic aberrations of at least one x-ray and/ or gamma-ray optic are matched to the spectral-angle dependency of said laser-Compton source.
26. The method of claim 15, wherein said at least one x-ray and/ or gamma-ray optic directs said output beam to a focus at said focal point in only one dimension and allows said output beam to diverge in accordance with the physics of the laser-Compton process in the other dimension and wherein said opening is a slit matching the focal size of said output beam in the focusing dimension.
27. The method of claim 15, wherein said at least one x-ray and/or gamma-ray optic comprises two, one-dimensional, compound x-ray optics oriented at 90 degrees with respect to one another and that focus to different locations, wherein one of these produces a fan beam of one dimension of said output beam and the other produces a line focus of said output beam, wherein a slit is placed at said line focus to reduce background radiation.
28. The method of claim 15, wherein said at least one x-ray and/ or gamma-ray optic comprises a first one-dimensional, compound x-ray optic and a second one-dimensional, compound x-ray optic oriented at 90 degrees with respect to said first one-dimensional, compound x-ray optic, wherein said the output beam is collimated in one dimension by said first one-dimensional, compound x-ray optic and then focused in the other dimension by said second one-dimensional x-ray optic, wherein a slit is placed at said focal point to reduce background radiation.
29. Apparatus according to claim 1 substantially as herein described with reference to any embodiment.
30. Method according to claim 15 substantially as herein described with reference to any embodiment.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US201762539452P | 2017-07-31 | 2017-07-31 | |
| PCT/US2018/043342 WO2019027712A1 (en) | 2017-07-31 | 2018-07-23 | Convergent x-ray imaging device and method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NZ760906A NZ760906A (en) | 2025-06-27 |
| NZ760906B2 true NZ760906B2 (en) | 2025-09-30 |
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