RU2286605C1 - Device for training operators - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engineering of devices for training control system operators.

SUBSTANCE: device contains training program setting block 1, operator response actions block 2, main 3 and response 19 comparison blocks, display 4, AND element 5, starting 6 and main 11 counters, starting 7, main 13 and set-point 18 OR elements, blocks of starting 8 and scanning 10 AND elements, trigger 9, decoder 12, number register 20, delay element 21, block for comparison of fuzzy codes 22, processing block 23, checking block 24.

EFFECT: increased trustworthiness of estimation of correctness of operator actions when repeating complicated control algorithms.

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Description

The invention relates to technical means for training operators of control systems and can be used for practical training of operators on simulators.

A device for training operators on av. St. USSR No. 1320833, G 09 On 9/00, 1986, containing an address register, a memory block, a micro-register, a comparison unit, an operator panel, a counter, an AND element, OR elements, a pressure block, a number register, and a memory block.

The disadvantage of this device is a narrow list of training tasks aimed only at troubleshooting training, which leads to a relatively low didactic ability of the device.

A device for training operators, comprising an address register (microcommands), a memory unit, a microcommand register, a panel of display elements made in the form of an information board, a control panel made in the form of an operator response input unit, two comparison units, three OR elements, generator, delay elements, counter, trigger and sound alarm unit (see av. St. USSR No. 1437897, G 09 V 9/00, 1988).

However, this device has a narrow scope, because at the stage of developing skills of timely timely operation, the frequent inclusion of an audible alarm does not allow to consolidate skills when the operator develops complex control algorithms that occur in modern automated control systems (ACS).

The closest in technical essence to the claimed device (prototype) is a device for training operators (see RF patent No. 20111229, 5 G 09 B 9/00, 1994, bull. 7), containing a block for setting a training program, a block for operator response, start, main and installation elements OR, delay element, main and response comparison blocks, blocks of start and polling elements AND, number register, start and main counters, decoder, trigger, element I and scoreboard, m≥2 of which information inputs are connected to the corresponding m outputs d an encoder, m inputs of which are connected to the corresponding m outputs of the block of interrogating elements AND, m counting inputs of which are connected to the corresponding m outputs of the main counter, the installation input “Set“ 0 ”of which is connected to the first input of the OR start element, the second input of the OR installation element, the first input of the main OR element is the “Start” input of the device, the output of the main OR element is connected to the counting input “Set“ 1 ”of the main counter and the first control input of the task block of the training program, m the outputs of which are connected to the corresponding m indicator inputs of the scoreboard, the first control input of which is connected to the direct output of the trigger, the inverse output of which is connected to the first input of the And element and the second control input of the scoreboard, m information outputs of the instruction block of the training program are connected to the corresponding m information inputs of the main block comparison, m response inputs of which are connected to the corresponding m outputs of the response block of the operator, the first output of the main comparison block is connected to the second the input of the OR start element and the second control input of the training program task unit, the second output of the main comparison unit is connected to the second input of the main OR element, the input of the delay element and the second input of the AND element, the output of which is connected to the counting input “Set“ 1 ”of the start counter, installation input "Set" 0 "which is connected to the output of the start element OR, the output of the delay element is connected to the control input of the number register and to m information inputs of the block of start elements AND, m counting inputs of which are connected are connected with the corresponding m outputs of the start counter, m outputs of the block of start elements AND are connected to the corresponding m information inputs of the response comparison block, m response inputs of which are connected to the corresponding m outputs of the number register, the output of the response comparison block is connected to the first input of the OR setting element, the output of which connected to the trigger trigger input, the resetting input of which is connected to the control output of the training program task unit and m information inputs of the polling element block Comrade I.

In the prototype, the possibility of a more informed decision-making on transferring a student from the "Exercise" stage to the "Training" stage is realized, thereby expanding the didactic capabilities and the scope of the device.

However, the prototype has a drawback - the relatively low reliability of assessing the correctness (error-freeness) of the actions of the operator (trainee) when practicing complex control algorithms in the conditions of ambiguity (ambiguity) of parameters characterizing the current state of the control object (ACS) and the environment. This device allows to evaluate with high reliability the correctness (error-free) of the actions of the operator (trainee) making unambiguous, clearly identifiable management decisions, within which the parameters of the control system and, therefore, the parameters of the control actions are quantified, while the vast majority of management decisions, accepted in the really functioning modern ACS are objectively based on the qualitatively (ambiguous, fuzzy) identified parameters of the current the state of the control object and the environment, which means that the management decisions themselves are ambiguous, fuzzy in nature, traditionally described using a linguistic variable.

By “parameters characterizing the current state of the control object and the environment” we mean the initial data used by the operator (trainee) to make a decision - a set of parameters (numerical values of the characteristics of the properties) of the ACS and the environment (usually significantly affecting the efficiency of the ACS) in given point in time.

The aim of the invention is the creation of a device for training operators, which increases the reliability of assessing the correctness (error) of the operator's (trainee's) actions during the development of complex control algorithms in the conditions of ambiguity (ambiguity) of parameters characterizing the current state of the control object (ACS) and the environment, the device, able to evaluate with high reliability the operator’s decision-making skills in the conditions inherent in the real management process - when the initial Its data and management decisions made on their basis have both a quantitative and a qualitative (ambiguous, fuzzy, involving a linguistic variable) pronounced physical meaning.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in a known device for training operators, containing a block for setting a training program, a block for operator response, start, main and installation elements OR, a delay element, main and response blocks for comparison, blocks of start and interrogating elements AND, number register , start and main counters, a decoder, a trigger, an AND element and a board, m≥2 information inputs of which are connected to the corresponding m outputs of the decoder, m inputs of which are connected to the corresponding m outputs of the block AND elements, m counting inputs of which are connected to the corresponding m outputs of the main counter, the installation input “Set“ 0 ”of which is connected to the first input of the OR start element, the second input of the OR installation element, the first input of the OR main element and is the“ Start ”input devices, the output of the main element OR is connected to the counting input "Set" 1 "of the main counter and the first control input of the task unit of the training program, m indicator outputs of which are connected to the corresponding m indicator inputs of the board, the first control input of which is connected to the direct output of the trigger, the inverse output of which is connected to the first input of the And element and the second control input of the board, m response inputs of the main comparison unit are connected to the corresponding m outputs of the operator response unit, the first output of the main comparison unit is connected to the second input the starting element OR and the second control input of the training program task unit, the second output of the main comparison unit is connected to the second input of the main OR element, the input of the delay element ki and the second input of the AND element, the output of which is connected to the counting input “Set“ 1 ”of the start counter, the installation input“ Set “0” of which is connected to the output of the start OR element, the output of the delay element is connected to the control input of the number register and to m information inputs of the block of start elements AND, m counting inputs of which are connected to the corresponding m outputs of the start counter, m outputs of the block of start elements AND are connected to the corresponding m information inputs of the response block of comparison, m response inputs of which are identical with the corresponding m outputs of the number register, the output of the response comparison unit is connected to the first input of the OR setting element, the output of which is connected to the installation input of the trigger, the resetting input of which is connected to the control output of the training program task unit and to m information inputs of the block of polling elements AND, in addition included a fuzzy code comparison unit, a processing unit for transforming fuzzy source data to a form suitable for an operator to make a decision, and a block about Verka. Moreover, the first and second outputs of the fuzzy code comparison unit are connected respectively to the first and second outputs of the main comparison unit, m information inputs of which are connected to the corresponding m information outputs of the verification unit, m information inputs of which are connected to the corresponding m information outputs of the training program task unit, m verification the outputs of the verification unit are connected to the corresponding m inputs of the processing unit, m indicator outputs of which are connected to the corresponding m indicator outputs Odes of the block of the task of the training program In this case, m information outputs of the processing unit are connected to the corresponding m information inputs of the fuzzy code comparison unit, m response inputs of which are connected to the corresponding m response inputs of the main comparison unit.

The fuzzy code comparison unit consists of a comparator and a storage element. In this case, the m inputs of the storage element are the corresponding m information inputs of the fuzzy code comparison unit, the m outputs of the storage element are connected to the corresponding m information inputs of the comparator, the m response inputs of which are the corresponding m response inputs of the fuzzy code comparison unit. The first and second outputs of the comparator are respectively the first and second outputs of the fuzzy code comparison unit.

The processing unit, designed to transform fuzzy source data to a form suitable for decision-making by the operator, consists of a register, an addition calculation element, main and auxiliary storage elements, main and auxiliary analyzers designed to determine the intersection of fuzzy sets, a union calculation element, and a calculator, intended for the unambiguous choice of quantitative values of fuzzy parameters. Moreover, m indicator outputs of the calculator are the corresponding m indicator outputs of the block, m information outputs of the calculator are the corresponding m information outputs of the block, m register inputs are the corresponding m inputs of the block, m primary outputs of the register are connected to the corresponding m primary inputs of the element of calculation additions and to the corresponding m the inputs of the main storage element, m secondary outputs of the register are connected to the corresponding m secondary inputs of the element of calculation of additions and to the corresponding m direct inputs of the auxiliary storage element, m outputs of the main storage element are connected to the corresponding m main inputs of the main analyzer, m outputs of the auxiliary storage element are connected to the corresponding m main inputs of the auxiliary analyzer, m additional inputs of the main analyzer are connected to the corresponding m primary outputs of the complement calculation element . Moreover, m secondary outputs of the complement analysis element are connected to the corresponding m additional inputs of the auxiliary analyzer, m outputs of the main analyzer are connected to the corresponding m primary inputs of the union calculation element, m secondary inputs of which are connected to the corresponding m outputs of the auxiliary analyzer, m outputs of the union calculation element are connected to the corresponding m additional inputs of the complement calculation element corresponding to m additional inputs of the auxiliary element is the storage and the corresponding m inputs of the calculator.

The verification unit consists of a storage register and a counter. Moreover, m counter inputs are the corresponding m information inputs of the block, m counter outputs are connected to the corresponding m inputs of the storage register. Moreover, m transit outputs of the storage register are the corresponding m information outputs of the block, m test outputs of the storage register are the corresponding m test outputs of the check unit.

Due to the new set of essential features, through the introduction of a fuzzy code comparison unit, a processing unit, and a verification unit, which respectively provide an assessment of the fidelity of the fuzzy control action generated by the operator, transforming the fuzzy source data to a form suitable for a reliable assessment of the fidelity, and the procedure for the operator to make a managerial decision and checking the initial data (parameters of the control system and the environment coming in the form of microcommands, the parameter is set In person or using the membership function characteristic of fuzzy sets), in the claimed device, in the framework of evaluating the learner’s skills, it is possible to preliminarily analyze and convert (verify) the results of monitoring operator actions, which increase the reliability of evaluating the correctness (error-freeness) of the learner’s actions when practicing complex control algorithms in the conditions of ambiguity (fuzziness) of parameters characterizing the current state of the control object (ACS) and ok uzhayuschey environment.

The analysis of the prior art made it possible to establish that analogues that are characterized by a combination of features identical to all the features of the claimed technical solution are absent, which indicates the compliance of the claimed device with the patentability condition of "novelty".

Search results for known solutions in this and related fields of technology in order to identify features that match the distinctive features of the claimed object from the prototype showed that they do not follow explicitly from the prior art. The prior art also did not reveal the popularity of the impact provided by the essential features of the claimed invention, the transformations on the achievement of the specified technical result. Therefore, the claimed invention meets the condition of patentability "inventive step".

The claimed device is illustrated by drawings, on which are presented:

figure 1 is a structural diagram of a device for training operators;

figure 2 is a structural diagram of a block comparing fuzzy codes;

figure 3 is a structural diagram of a processing unit;

figure 4 is a structural diagram of a verification unit;

figure 5 is a structural diagram of a block assignment of a training program;

figure 6 is a structural diagram of a block of starting elements And;

Fig.7 is a structural diagram of a block of polling elements I.

The device for training operators, depicted in figure 1, consists of a unit for setting a training program 1, a response unit for operator 2, start 7, main 13 and installation 18 OR elements, delay element 21, main 3 and response 19 comparison blocks, start blocks 8 and polling 10 elements And, register number 20, start 6 and main 11 counters, decoder 12, trigger 9, element And 5, fuzzy code comparison unit 22, processing unit 23, verification unit 24 and scoreboard 4. Moreover, m≥2 information inputs 44 ₁ -44 _m scoreboard 4 connected to the corresponding m outputs 121 ₁ -121 _{m of the} decoder 12, m inputs 122 ₁ -122 _{m of} which are connected to the corresponding m outputs 103 ₁ -103 _{m of the} block of interrogating elements And 10, m of counting inputs 101 ₁ -101 _{m of} which are connected to the corresponding m outputs 111 ₁ -111 _{m of the} main counter 11. The installation input "Set" 0 "of the main counter 11 is connected to the first input 71 of the start element OR 7, the second input 182 of the installation element OR 18, the first input 131 of the main element OR 13 and is the input" Start " devices. The output 133 of the main element OR 13 is connected to the counting input "Set" 1 "of the main counter 11 and the first control input 013 of the unit for setting the training program 1, m indicator outputs 011 ₁ -011 _{m of} which are connected to the corresponding m indicator outputs 232 ₁ -232 _m processing unit 23 and is connected to the corresponding m indicator inputs 43 _{1 to} 43 _{m of the} board 4. The first control input 41 of the board 4 is connected to the direct output 91 of the trigger 9, the inverse output 92 of which is connected to the first input 51 of the element And 5 and the second control input 42 of the board 4, m response inputs January ₃₁ -31 _m SFA Nogo comparison unit 3 are connected to respective inputs of m counter 221 ₁ -221 _m of fuzzy comparison unit codes 22 and connected to the corresponding m output 021 ₁ -021 _m operator response unit 2. The first output 33 of comparison of the main unit 3 connected to first output unit 223 comparing fuzzy codes 22, the second input 72 of the start element OR 7 and the second control input 014 of the task block of the training program 1. The second output 34 of the main block of comparison 3 is connected to the second output 224 of the block of comparison of fuzzy codes 22, the second input 132 of the main element OR 13, input 211 of delay element 21 and second input 52 of element AND 5, output 53 of which is connected to counting input “Set“ 1 ”of start counter 6. Installation input“ Set “0” of start counter 6 is connected to output 73 of start OR element 7. The output 212 of the delay element 21 is connected to the control input 201 of the register of the number 20 and to m information inputs 82 ₁ -82 _{m of the} block of starting elements AND 8, m of counting inputs 81 ₁ -81 _{m of} which are connected to the corresponding m outputs 61 ₁ - 61 _m start counter 6, m outputs 83 ₁ -83 _m block of start elements AND 8 are connected to the corresponding There are m information inputs 191 ₁ -191 _{m of the} response comparison block 19, m response inputs 192 ₁ -192 _{m of} which are connected to the corresponding m outputs 202 ₁ -202 _{m of the} register number 20. Output 193 of the response comparison block 19 is connected to the first input 181 of the installation element OR 18, the output 183 of which is connected to the installation input 93 of the trigger 9, the reset input 94 of which is connected to the control output 015 of the unit for setting the training program 1 and to m information inputs 102 ₁ -102 _{m of the} block of interrogating elements AND 10. At the same time, m information inputs 32 ₁ -32 _m to the main unit avneniya 3 are connected to respective outputs of m information 243 ₁ -243 _m checking 24, m block of information inputs 242 ₁ -242 _m are connected to the respective m data outputs 012 ₁ -012 _m courses setting unit 1, m parity outputs 241 ₁ -241 _m of the verification unit 24 is connected to the corresponding m inputs 231 ₁ -231 _m of the processing unit 23, m of information outputs 233 ₁ -233 _{m of} which are connected to the corresponding m information inputs 222 ₁ -222 _m of the fuzzy code comparison unit 22.

The number "m (m≥2)" (inputs, outputs, AND elements, counters, etc.) is determined in accordance with the necessary and sufficient for the training of operators level of detail (completeness) of the state of the control object, represents the number of parameters of the control object and the environment, and usually ranges from 2 (two) to 20 (twenty).

The fuzzy code comparison unit 22 (Fig. 2) is designed to store information and evaluate the accuracy of the fuzzy control action generated by the operator - to evaluate the correctness of the decision made by the learner on the basis of ambiguously (fuzzy) given parameters characterizing the current state of the control object (ACS) and the environment.

The fuzzy code comparison unit 22 consists of a comparator 22.1 and a storage element 22.2. Moreover, m inputs 22.2-1 ₁ -22.2-1 _{m of the} memory element 22.2 are the corresponding m information inputs 222 ₁ -222 _m of the fuzzy code comparison unit 22, m outputs 22.2-2 ₁ -22.2-2 _{m of the} memory element 22.2 are connected to the corresponding m information inputs 22.1-2 ₁ -22.1-2 _{m of the} comparator 22.1, m response inputs 22.1-1 ₁ -22.1-1 _{m of} which are the corresponding m response inputs 221 ₁ -221 _m of the fuzzy code comparison unit 22. The first 22.1-3 and the second 22.1 -4 outputs of the comparator 22.1 are respectively the first 223 and second 224 outputs of the fuzzy code comparison unit 22.

The comparator 22.1 of the block of comparison of fuzzy codes 22 is intended to obtain a final assessment of the accuracy of the fuzzy control action generated by the operator. Comparator 22.1 is a digital comparison unit and can be technically implemented as a commercially available digital comparator, as shown in [Gusev VV, Lebedev ON, Sidorov A.M. Fundamentals of pulsed and digital technology. - St. Petersburg: SPVVIUS, 1995. S.149-152, Fig.5.19].

A storage element 22.2 of the fuzzy code comparison unit 22 is intended for storing incoming information (in the form of microcommands) containing verified data on ambiguously (fuzzy) given parameters characterizing the current state of the control object and the environment. The technical implementation of the storage element 22.2 is possible by analogy with a typical, commercially available dynamic random-access memory device described in [Gusev VV, Lebedev ON, Sidorov A.M. Fundamentals of pulsed and digital technology. - St. Petersburg: SPVVIUS, 1995. S.194-196, Fig.6.9].

The processing unit 23, shown in figure 3, is designed to solve the problem of transforming fuzzy source data (fuzzy parameters that characterize the current state of the control object and the environment) to a form suitable for the operator to make a managerial decision.

Processing unit 23 consists of register 23.1, element of calculation of addition 23.2, main 23.3 and auxiliary 23.4 storage elements, main 23.5 and auxiliary 23.6 analyzers, element of calculation of union 23.7 and calculator 23.8. Moreover, m indicator outputs 23.8-3 ₁ -23.8-3 _{m of the} calculator 23.8 are the corresponding m indicator outputs 232 ₁ -232 _m of the processing unit 23, m information outputs 23.8-2 ₁ -23.8-2 _{m of the} calculator 23.8 are the corresponding m information outputs 233 ₁ -233 _m block 23, m inputs 23.1-1 ₁ -23.1-1 _m register 23.1 are the corresponding m inputs 231 ₁ -231 _m block 23, m primary outputs 23.1-2 ₁ -23.1-2 _m register 23.1 are connected to the corresponding m ₁ 23.2-1 primary inputs -23.2-1 _m additions calculation element 23.2 and to corresponding inputs of m ₁ 23.3-1 -23.3-1 _m main storage element 23.3, m WTO ary outputs 23.1-3 ₁ -23.1-3 _m register 23.1 are connected to respective inputs of m secondary 23.2-2 ₁ -23.2-2 _m calculation element 23.2 and additions to the respective inputs of m direct 23.4-1 ₁ -23.4-1 _m auxiliary storage element 23.4, m outputs 23.3-2 ₁ -23.3-2 _{m of the} main storage element 23.3 are connected to the corresponding m main inputs 23.5-1 ₁ -23.5-1 _{m of the} main analyzer 23.5, m outputs 23.4-2 ₁ -23.4-2 _{m of the} auxiliary storage element 23.4 are connected to respective inputs of m basic 23.6-1 ₁ -23.6-1 _m 23.6 auxiliary analyzer, m additional inputs 23.5-2 ₁ -23.5-2 _m main anal 23.5 mash connected to respective outputs of the m primary 23.2-3 ₁ -23.2-3 _m 23.2 calculation element additions. Moreover, m secondary outputs 23.2-4 ₁ -23.2-4 _m of the calculation element of supplement 23.2 are connected to the corresponding m additional inputs 23.6-2 ₁ -23.6-2 _{m of the} auxiliary analyzer 23.6, m of outputs 23.5-3 ₁ -23.5-3 _{m of the} main analyzer 23.5 connected to the corresponding m primary inputs 23.7-1 ₁ -23.7-1 _m of the calculation element of the combination 23.7, m secondary inputs 23.7-2 ₁ -23.7-2 _{m of} which are connected to the corresponding m outputs 23.6-3 ₁ -23.6-3 _{m of the} auxiliary analyzer 23.6 , m outputs 23.7-3 ₁ -23.7-3 _m elements of the calculation of the union 23.7 are connected to the corresponding m additional inputs 23.2-5 ₁ -23.2-5 _m of the calculation element of supplement 23.2, the corresponding m additional inputs 23.4-3 ₁ -23.4-3 _{m of the} auxiliary storage element 23.4 and the corresponding m inputs 23.8-1 ₁ -23.8-1 _{m of the} calculator 23.8.

Register 23.1 of processing unit 23 is intended for recording and sorting incoming fuzzy information into two components, according to the initial number of expert opinions about each of m fuzzy specified parameters of the control object and the environment. Register 23.1 can be technically implemented on the basis of a commercially available binary counter with sequential transfer on T-triggers, as described in [Ugryumov EP Design of computer components and assemblies. - M .: Higher school, 1987. S.138-141, Fig. 9.1].

The calculation element of addition 23.2 of processing unit 23 is intended to implement the procedure of arithmetic subtraction from the unit of values of membership functions of fuzzy sets. A special case of the technical implementation of the calculation element of Appendix 23.2 can be a conventional arithmetic logic unit (ALU), described, for example, in [Ugryumov EP Design of computer components and assemblies. - M.: Higher School, 1987. S.196-198, Fig. 11.15].

The main 23.3 and auxiliary 23.4 storage elements of the processing unit 23 are intended, respectively, for storing fuzzy initial information coming from the first and second expert (from expert A and B), i.e. for storing quantitatively expressed two (according to the initial number of experts) expert opinions on each of m fuzzy given parameters of the control object and the environment. The main storage element 23.3 can be technically implemented as a commercially available dynamic random access memory, as shown in the literature [Gusev VV, Lebedev ON, Sidorov AM Fundamentals of pulsed and digital technology. - St. Petersburg: SPVVIUS, 1995. S.194-196, Fig.6.9 (b)]. The auxiliary storage element 23.4 differs from the main storage element 23.3 only in the presence of additional m inputs (23.4-3 ₁ -23.4-3 _m ), which can technically be easily combined with the corresponding m direct inputs (23.4-1 ₁ -23.4-1 _m ), which allows the implementation of the auxiliary storage element 23.4, similarly to the main storage element 23.3 in the form of dynamic random access memory, as described in [Gusev VV, ON Lebedev, Sidorov AM Fundamentals of pulse and digital technology. - St. Petersburg: SPVVIUS, 1995. S.194-196, Fig.6.9 (b)].

The main analyzer 23.5 of processing unit 23 is designed to determine the intersection of fuzzy sets — the intersection of the complement of the fuzzy set formulated by expert A with the fuzzy set formulated by expert B. The main analyzer 23.5 can be technically implemented based on a digital comparison node, as shown in [Gusev V. V., Lebedev O.N., Sidorov AM Fundamentals of pulsed and digital technology. - St. Petersburg: SPVVIUS, 1995. S.149-152, Fig. 5.22 (a)].

Auxiliary analyzer 23.6 of processing unit 23 is designed to determine the intersection of fuzzy sets — the intersection of a fuzzy set formulated by expert A, with the addition of a fuzzy set formulated by expert B. The auxiliary analyzer 23.6 can also be technically implemented on the basis of a digital comparison node, as described in [Gusev V .V., Lebedev O.N., Sidorov AM Fundamentals of pulsed and digital technology. - St. Petersburg: SPVVIUS, 1995. S.149-152, Fig. 5.22 (a)].

The calculation element of the union 23.7 processing unit 23 is designed to implement the final cycle of disjunctive summation - to determine the union of fuzzy sets. The union calculation element 23.7 is a digital comparison node and can be technically implemented as a commercially available high-speed digital comparison node, as shown in [Gusev VV, Lebedev ON, Sidorov A.M. Fundamentals of pulsed and digital technology. - St. Petersburg: SPVVIUS, 1995. S.149-152, Fig.5.19].

The calculator 23.8 of the processing unit 23 is intended for the unambiguous selection (assignment) of quantitative values of the analyzed fuzzy parameters of the control object and the environment (source data for the student to make a managerial decision). The computer 23.8 is a commercially available programmable TTL comparator type 74LS85, described in [Jansen J. Digital Electronics Course: Complex ICs for data transmission devices. T.3. - M .: Mir, 1987. S.38-40, Fig.1.21].

The verification unit 24, shown in Fig. 4, is designed to carry out a sequential comparison (by the number of bits) of the input data (parameters of the control system and the environment specified in the form of microcommands) received in binary code and make a decision about their mathematical nature - the input data are given parametrically or using the membership function characteristic of fuzzy sets.

The check unit 24 consists of a storage register 24.1 and a counter 24.2. Moreover, the m inputs 24.2-1 ₁ -24.2-1 _{m of the} counter 24.2 are the corresponding m information inputs 242 ₁ -242 _{m of the} block 24, the m outputs 24.2-2 ₁ -24.2-2 _{m of the} counter 24.2 are connected to the corresponding m inputs 24.1-2 ₁ -24.1-2 _m storage register 24.1. Moreover, m transit outputs 24.1-3 ₁ -24.1-3 _m of the storage register 24.1 are the corresponding m information outputs 243 ₁ -243 _{m of the} block 24, m test outputs 24.1-1 ₁ -24.1-1 _m of the storage register 24.1 are the corresponding m test outputs 241 _{1 -} 241 _m of check unit 24.

The storage register 24.1 of the check unit 24 is designed to make a decision about the mathematical nature of the source data specified in the form of microcommands - the parameters of the control system and the environment are set quantitatively or using the membership function characteristic of fuzzy sets. Storage register 24.1 can be implemented on the basis of a typical storage register on D-flip-flops described in the literature [Gusev VV, Lebedev ON, Sidorov AM Fundamentals of pulsed and digital technology. - St. Petersburg: SPVVIUS, 1995. S.156-158, Fig. 5.27].

The counter 24.2 of the check unit 24 is intended for registration and sequential comparison (by the number of bits) of the input data received in binary code. Technical implementation of counter 24.2 is possible on the basis of a commercially available counter with parallel transfer on TV triggers, as shown in [Gusev V.V., Lebedev ON, Sidorov AM Fundamentals of pulsed and digital technology. - St. Petersburg: SPVVIUS, 1995. S.172-175, Fig.5.40].

The task block of the training program 1, which is part of the general structural diagram and shown in Fig. 5, is intended for recording and storing the parameters of the control algorithm worked out by the human operator. The block diagram of the task of the training program 1 and the principle of its action are known and described in detail in the prototype (see RF patent No. 20111229, 5 G 09 B 9/00, 1994, bull. 7).

The response unit of operator 2, which is part of the general block diagram, is intended for the operator to type (generate) a control action code (the next quantitative or qualitative control action code, a control micro command code) and transmit the generated signal for verification in accordance with the training algorithm. The response block of the operator 2 is a typical keyboard, which in the traditional combination with the display panel 14 of the board 4 (screen, monitor) is a physical model of the operator’s console of a real ACS. The block diagram and principle of operation of the response block of the operator 2 are known and described, for example, in the prototype (see RF patent No. 20111229, 5 G 09 V 9 / 00.1994, bull. 7).

The main comparison unit 3, which is part of the general structural diagram, is designed to assess the accuracy of the clear (quantitatively formulated) control action generated by the operator. The main comparison unit 3 is a digital comparison unit and can be technically implemented as a commercially available comparison unit (digital comparator), as shown in [Gusev VV, ON Lebedev, Sidorov AM Fundamentals of pulsed and digital technology. - St. Petersburg: SPVVIUS, 1995. S.149-152, Fig.5.19].

Table 4, which is part of the general structural scheme, is intended to indicate (visualize in the interests of the learner) the state of the control algorithm, the training mode (exercise or training) and the training number at which the learner manages to complete the control algorithm without errors. Scoreboard 4 consists of a combined display panel 14, a banner “Exercise” 15, a banner “Training” 16 and an indicator of the training number 17. The composition of the elements of the scoreboard 4, their relationship and the principle of their action are known and described in detail in the prototype (see patent RF №2011229, 5 G 09 B 9/00, 1994, bull. 7).

Element And 5, which is part of the general block diagram, is designed to record operator errors and switch the counting input “Set“ 1 ”of the start counter 6 in the interest of counting them. Element And 5 can be technically implemented on the basis of a commercially available element And described in [Gusev VV, Lebedev ON, Sidorov AM Fundamentals of pulsed and digital technology. - St. Petersburg: SPVVIUS, 1995, S.13-14, Fig.1.2].

The start counter 6, which is part of the general block diagram, is designed to count the number of errors made in a row at the operator training stage. A special case of the technical implementation of the start counter 6 is described in [Sobotka Z., Stary Y. Microprocessor systems. - M .: Energoizdat, 1981. S.96-100].

The starting element OR 7, which is part of the general block diagram, is intended to combine the signals to the installation input “Set“ 0 ”of the start counter 6 to reset it to zero with the start of training - from the external input“ Start ”of the device and in the case of error-free execution of the current operation - with the first output 33 of the main comparison unit 3. The starting element OR 7 can be technically implemented on the basis of a commercially available OR element, described in detail in [Gusev VV, Lebedev ON, Sidorov AM Fundamentals of pulsed and digital technology. - St. Petersburg: SPVVIUS, 1995. S.24-26, Fig. 1.7].

The starting blocks of 8 and interrogating 10 AND elements (Figs. 6 and 7, respectively) included in the general block diagram are identical, am of the same type of And elements (8.1 ₁ -8.1 _m and 10.1 ₁ -10.1 _m, respectively) included in the starting blocks of 8 and polling 10 elements AND, perform the functions of switching elements when polling the contents of the starting 6 and the main 11 counters, respectively. The structure of the starting blocks 8 and the questionnaire 10 elements And is known, described in the prototype (see RF patent No. 20111229, 5 G 09 In 9/00, 1994, bull. 7) and is illustrated in Fig.6 and 7, and the elements And (8.1 ₁ -8.1 _m and 10.1 ₁ -10.1 _m ), which are part of these blocks, are implemented in the form known and described in [Gusev VV, Lebedev ON, Sidorov AM Fundamentals of pulsed and digital technology. - St. Petersburg .: SPVVIUS, 1995. S.13-14, Fig.1.2].

The trigger 9, which is part of the general block diagram, is designed to control the illumination of the banner “Exercise” 15 or the banner “Training” 16 of scoreboard 4 in the corresponding training mode. Trigger 9 can be technically implemented as a commercially available single-stage trigger with collector-base connections, as shown in [Gusev VV, Lebedev ON, Sidorov AM Fundamentals of pulsed and digital technology. - SPb .: SPVVIUS, 1995. S.72-73, Fig.3.2 (b)].

The main counter 11, which is part of the general structural diagram, is designed to count the number of attempts spent by the student before the first error-free execution of the control algorithm. The main counter 11 can be technically implemented as a binary counter with sequential transfer on T-flip-flops, as described in the literature [Ugryumov EP Design of computer components and assemblies. - M.: Higher School, 1987. S.138-141, Fig. 9.1].

The decoder 12, which is part of the general block diagram, is designed to convert the binary code of the contents of the main counter 11 to a decimal code in the interest of presenting (visualizing, displaying) the learner the attempt number using the indicator of the training number 17 scoreboard 4. The decoder 12 can be technically implemented as a serial the produced decoder described in the book [Bogdanovich M.I., Grel I.N., Prokhorenko V.A. et al. Digital Integrated Circuits: A Guide. - Minsk: Belarus, 1991. S.432-436, Fig.4.46].

The main element OR 13, which is part of the general block diagram, is designed to combine the first control input 013 of the task block of the training program 1 with the external input “Start” of the device and the second output 34 of the main block of comparison 3 to initialize the start of a new training after the device is turned on or the student makes an error . The main element OR 13 can be technically implemented on the basis of a commercially available element OR, described in detail in [Gusev VV, Lebedev ON, Sidorov AM Fundamentals of pulsed and digital technology. - St. Petersburg: SPVVIUS, 1995. S.24-26, Fig. 1.7].

The OR installation element 18, which is part of the general block diagram, is designed to combine the external “Start” input of the device with the output 193 of the response comparison unit 19 in the interest of transferring the trigger 9 to a single state and introducing the “Exercise” mode. The installation element OR 18 is implemented as a typical OR element described in [Gusev VV, Lebedev ON, Sidorov AM Fundamentals of pulsed and digital technology. - St. Petersburg: SPVVIUS, 1995. S.24-26, Fig. 1.7].

The response unit of comparison 19, which is part of the general block diagram, is intended to compare the number of errors that the learner made with the allowable number of errors. The response comparison unit 19 can be technically implemented as a commercially available comparison unit (digital comparator) described in [Gusev VV, Lebedev ON, Sidorov AM Fundamentals of pulsed and digital technology. - St. Petersburg: SPVVIUS, 1995. S.149-152, Fig.5.19].

The register of the number 20, which is part of the general structural diagram, is designed to record and store the allowable number of errors. The register of the number 20 can be technically implemented in the form of a commercially available storage register on D-flip-flops described in the literature [Gusev VV, Lebedev ON, Sidorov AM Fundamentals of pulsed and digital technology. - St. Petersburg: SPVVIUS, 1995. S.156-158, Fig. 5.27].

The delay element 21, which is part of the general structural scheme, is designed to synchronize the moments of reading information from the elements And, which are part of the block of starting elements And 8, and from the register number 20 to the response block of comparison 19. A special case of the technical implementation of the delay element 21 can be synchronous delay trigger (D-trigger), the block diagram and principle of operation of which are described in [Gusev VV, Lebedev ON, Sidorov AM Fundamentals of pulsed and digital technology. - St. Petersburg: SPVVIUS, 1995. S.89-91, Fig. 3.14].

A device for training operators operates as follows. It is known [1-5] that from the point of view of evaluating the correctness (error-freeness) of the learner’s actions when developing complex control algorithms in the conditions of ambiguity (ambiguity) of the parameters characterizing the current state of the control object (ACS) and the environment, there is the possibility of preliminary analysis and transformation ( verification) of the results of monitoring the actions of the operator making decisions on the basis of both quantitatively and qualitatively (ambiguous, fuzzy, using a linguistic variable) specified GOVERNMENTAL data. This possibility is traditionally realized through successive transformations using the methods of the theory of fuzzy sets, which allow solving the problems of combining the opinions of experts whose knowledge is used in the form of pre-formed data (microcommands) on possible values of the degree to which a particular value of a fuzzy parameter of a control object or a fuzzy parameter of managerial influence belongs to space the correct values of this parameter (the space of correct decisions). In this case, one of the typical operations on fuzzy sets is used — the disjunctive summation operation [1-5]. The disjunctive sum, for example, of two fuzzy sets (according to the number of experts) is defined in terms of unions and intersections of fuzzy sets as follows:

- нечеткое множество, характеризующее мнение первого А (второго В) эксперта о степени принадлежности (степени безошибочности) значения конкретного i-го параметра S-го свойства объекта управления к пространству истинных (однозначно, четко определенных) значений;

- дополнения этих нечетких множеств. Полученная дизъюнктивная сумма

характеризует объединенное мнение (в нашем случае двух, А и В) экспертов о значениях нечетких управленческих воздействий, сформированных обучаемым. Для однозначной верификации принадлежности (либо не принадлежности) значения конкретного i-го параметра S-го свойства объекта управления к пространству истинных (однозначно, четко определенных) значений объединенное мнение экспертов анализируется на основе, так называемой, функции α-уровня, являющейся критерием однозначного выбора (присвоения) количественных значений для анализируемых нечетких параметров [1, 3, 5]. Этот α-уровень задается заранее как порог, определяющий однозначность принадлежности значения конкретного i-го параметра S-го свойства объекта управления к пространству истинных (однозначно, четко определенных) значений, а множеством α-уровня нечеткого множества

, характеризующего объединенное мнение экспертов, называется обычное множествоWhere

- a fuzzy set characterizing the opinion of the first A (second B) expert on the degree of belonging (degree of faultlessness) of the value of a particular i-th parameter of the S-th property of the control object to the space of true (uniquely, clearly defined) values;

- complements of these fuzzy sets. Disjunctive Amount Received

characterizes the combined opinion (in our case of two, A and B) of experts on the values of fuzzy managerial influences formed by the learner. To unambiguously verify the membership (or non-membership) of the value of a particular ith parameter of the Sth property of the control object to the space of true (unambiguously, clearly defined) values, the combined opinion of experts is analyzed on the basis of the so-called α-level function, which is a unique selection criterion (assignment) of quantitative values for the analyzed fuzzy parameters [1, 3, 5]. This α-level is set in advance as a threshold that determines the uniqueness of the value of a particular ith parameter of the Sth property of the control object to the space of true (uniquely, clearly defined) values, and by the set of the α-level of a fuzzy set

characterizing the joint opinion of experts is called the usual set

Expression (2) characterizes the fact that if the value of the membership function (degree of confidence) of the integrated expert opinion for the value of a particular ith parameter of the Sth property of the control object exceeds the α level or is equal to this parameter (parameter within the control code impact) is uniquely verified.

The algorithm for disjunctive summation of fuzzy sets considered and described in detail in [1-5] allows mathematically correct, in the framework of assessing the learner’s skills, to verify the given learning algorithm, to compare the verified training code with the selected operator on the basis of fuzzy initial data, the control action code, and thereby eliminate the uncertainty (ambiguity, fuzziness) in assessing the accuracy of the control action generated by the operator. Verification of the code of training microcommands and comparison of the training code with the generated operator (based on ambiguously (fuzzy) initial data) with a control action code can increase the objectivity of the analysis of the results of monitoring the actions of the student, and ultimately, increase the reliability of evaluating the correctness (error-freeness) of the operator’s actions during testing complex control algorithms in the conditions inherent in the real process of functioning of the ACS, - in conditions of the presence of unreliable (ambiguous, fuzzy ) Information about the current state of the control object, status propagation medium of control signals, interference conditions and the impact of other destabilizing factors.

With this in mind, training and verification of the correctness (correctness) of the operator’s actions in the claimed device are carried out. When the device is turned on, the binary signal “1” (one) from the “Start” input is supplied to the second input 182 of the OR installation element 18, through the first input 71 of the start element OR 7 to the installation input “Set“ 0 ”of the main counter 6, to the installation input "Set" 0 "of the main counter 11 and to the first input 131 of the main element OR 13, from the output 133 of which it is fed to the counting input" Set "1" of the main counter 11, writing in it "1" (unit), and through the first control input 013 is fed to the first input 1.1-1 of the register of the address of the microcommand 1.1 of the training program task unit Adjustment 1, which may be implemented in accordance with the scheme proposed in Figure 5.

Microcommands corresponding to the control algorithm worked out by the operator are entered into the memory element of microprogram 1.2 of the task block of the training program 1 in binary code. Moreover, in order to instill trainees' skills in working out complex control algorithms in the conditions inherent in the real process of ACS functioning, these microcommands contain initial data (parameters characterizing the current state of the control object and the environment) for decision making, given both quantitatively (clearly) and qualitatively (ambiguous, fuzzy, with the involvement of a linguistic variable).

The address register of micro-command 1.1 initiates permission to issue the address of the next clear or fuzzy micro-command corresponding to the first operation of the control algorithm, and from its m outputs 1.1-3 ₁ -1.1-3 _m in binary code transfers it to m inputs 1.2-1 ₁ -1 -1.2- 1 _m of firmware memory 1.2.

Upon receipt of this signal, the address of the clear or fuzzy micro command corresponding to the first operation of the control algorithm is selected in the microprogram 1.2 memory element of block 1. The selected micro-command is overwritten through m outputs 1.2-2 ₁ -1.2-2 _m of the microprogram memory 1.2 element onto m inputs 1.3-3 ₁ -1.3-3 _m of the micro-command register 1.3 of block 1. The micro-command register 1.3 of block 1 selects a clear or fuzzy control operation corresponding to the address . From the indicator outputs 1.3-1 ₁ -1.3-1 _m of the micro command register 1.3, the contents of the first microoperation through the indicator outputs 011 ₁ -011 _m of the task block of the training program 1 are supplied to the indicator inputs 43 ₁ -43 _{m of the} display 4 and to the inputs 141 ₁ -141 _m display panel 14, visualizing, in the interests of the learner, information about the current, uniquely specified (clear) operation of the control algorithm.

Simultaneously to data inputs 242 ₁ -242 _m checking unit 24 receives a second binary content, uniquely or ambiguous (fuzzy) of a given micro-operation issued with the information outlets ₁ 1.32 -1.32 _m through 1.3 microinstruction register data outputs 012 ₁ -012 _m block assignment of the training program 1. Block verification 24 can be implemented in accordance with the scheme proposed in figure 4. Sequential comparison (in terms of the number of digits) of the input data arriving in binary code (parameters of the control system and environment specified in the form of microcommands) and deciding on their mathematical nature (the input data are specified quantitatively or qualitatively using the membership function characteristic of fuzzy sets) carried out in the check unit 24 as follows. Initially, the qualitative and quantitative information coming from block 1 differs in the number of bits: to record quantitative information in binary code, 5 (five) bits of the binary code are sufficient, while fuzzy (qualitative) information carries, in addition to the usual number, a characteristic of the membership function , which objectively requires the use of 9 (nine) bits of binary code for recording and storing fuzzy information (microoperation). With this fact in mind, a storage register 24.1 and a counter 24.2 of block 24 were built. Both of these circuit elements are designed to store five bits of incoming information, if the number of bits exceeds this figure, then, from the point of view of mathematics, this information (microcommand, microoperation) is fuzzy form. In this case, both the storage register 24.1 and the counter 24.2 of block 24 perform the functions of a transit node, and from the test outputs 24.1-1 ₁ -24.1-1 _m of the storage register 24.1 this information is in binary code immediately, through the test outputs 241 ₁ -241 _{m of} block 24 arrives for verification at the inputs 231 ₁ -231 _m of the processing unit 23.

If the information inputs 242 ₁ -242 _m of the check unit 24 and the inputs 24.2-1 ₁ -24.2-1 _{m of the} counter 24.2 receive information in binary code in the amount of five digits, then this information (microcommand, microoperation) is received in a clear form, the counter 24.2 records this information and from its outputs 24.2-2 ₁ -24.2-2 _m sends it to the inputs 24.1-2 ₁ -24.1-2 _m of the storage register 24.1, which through its transit outputs 24.1-3 ₁ -24.1-3 _m and data outputs 243 ₁ -243 _m checking unit 24 sends the information (the content of the second predetermined quantity microoperations ) on the data inputs 32 ₁ -32 _m of the main unit 3 comparisons.

The initial information for making a decision (micro-command, micro-operation), specified in a fuzzy form, through the inputs 231 ₁ -231 _m goes to the inputs 23.1-1 ₁ -23.1-1 _{m of the} register 23.1 of the processing unit 23, which can be implemented in accordance with the scheme, proposed in figure 3. Transformation (transformation) of fuzzy source data (fuzzy specified parameters characterizing the current state of the control object and the environment) to a form suitable for comparing and implementing the procedure for the operator to make a managerial decision and, ultimately, for reliable assessment of the correctness (accuracy) of his actions, occurs in processing unit 23 as follows. In general, the essence of the work of processing unit 23 from the point of view of mathematics consists in correctly calculating the integrated opinion of experts about whether or not the value of a particular ith parameter of the Sth property of the control object and the environment belongs to the space of true (unambiguously, clearly defined) values and initially implemented on the basis of expression (1).

A fuzzy code sequence (microcommand, microoperation) characterizing the current state of the control object and the environment goes to the inputs 23.1-1 ₁ -23.1-1 _{m of} register 23.1 of processing unit 23. Register 23.1 registers and sorts information into two components, in accordance with the number expert opinions (by the number of experts) on the degree to which the value of a particular ith parameter of the Sth property of the control object belongs to the space of true (uniquely, clearly defined) values. The primary 23.1-2 ₁ -23.1-2 _m and the secondary 23.1-3 ₁ -23.1-3 _{m the} outputs of the register 23.1 correspond to the data from the first and second experts, from these outputs the information in binary code goes respectively to the inputs 23.3-1 ₁ -23.3- 1 _{m of the} main storage element 23.3 and direct inputs 23.4-1 ₁ -23.4-1 _{m of the} auxiliary storage element 23.4, as well as the primary inputs 23.2-1 ₁ -23.2-1 _m and secondary inputs 23.2-2 ₁ -23.2-2 _m, respectively element of calculation of additions 23.2. The calculation element of Appendix 23.2 implements the arithmetic function of subtracting from the unit values of membership functions of fuzzy sets in accordance with the algorithm described in [1, 2], for example, if

then

и

- дополнения нечетких множеств

и

, сформулированных экспертами А и B по поводу степени принадлежности значения конкретного i-го параметра S-го свойства объекта управления к пространству истинных (однозначно, четко определенных) значений. Главный 23.3 и вспомогательный 23.4 элементы хранения хранят нечеткую информацию от эксперта A и В и через свои соответствующие выходы 23.3-2₁-23.3-2_m и 23.4-2₁-23.4-2_m в двоичном коде выдают значения функций принадлежности нечетких множеств на основные входы 23.5-1₁-23.5-1_m главного анализатора 23.5 и на основные входы 23.6-1₁-23.6-1_m вспомогательного анализатора 23.6 соответственно. Каждый из главного 23.5 и вспомогательного 23.6 анализаторов, получая в двоичном коде на свои дополнительные входы 23.5-2₁-23.5-2_m и 23.6-2₁-23.6-2_m соответственно значения элементов дополнения нечетких множеств с первичных 23.2-3₁-23.2-3_m и вторичных 23.2-4₁-23.2-4_m выходов элемента расчета дополнения 23.2, выполняет функцию пересечения нечетких множеств, как описано в [1, 2, 5]: главный анализатор 23.5 выполняет операцию

, а вспомогательный анализатор 23.6 выполняет операцию

. С выходов 23.5-3₁-23.5-3_m главного анализатора 23.5 и выходов 23.6-3₁-23.6-3_m вспомогательного анализатора 23.6 полученные значения в двоичном коде поступают соответственно на первичные 23.7-1₁-23.7-1_m и вторичные 23.7-2₁-23.7-2_m входы элемента расчета объединения 23.7, выполняющего завершающий цикл дизъюнктивного суммирования в соответствии с выражением (1). С выходов 23.7-3₁-23.7-3_m элемента расчета объединения 23.7 полученные итоговые значения (обобщенное мнение экспертов о значении)

(x) функции принадлежности значения конкретного i-го параметра S-го свойства объекта управления к пространству истинных (однозначно, четко определенных) значений в двоичном коде поступают на соответствующие входы 23.8-1₁-23.8-1_m вычислителя 23.8, дополнительные входы 23.2-5₁-23.2-5_m элемента расчета дополнения 23.2 и дополнительные входы 23.4-3₁-23.4-3_m вспомогательного элемента хранения 23.4.Where

and

- complements of fuzzy sets

and

formulated by experts A and B regarding the degree to which the value of a particular ith parameter of the Sth property of the control object belongs to the space of true (uniquely, clearly defined) values. The main 23.3 and auxiliary 23.4 storage elements store fuzzy information from Expert A and B and through their respective outputs 23.3-2 ₁ -23.3-2 _m and 23.4-2 ₁ -23.4-2 _m in binary code give the values of the membership functions of fuzzy sets to the main the inputs 23.5-1 ₁ -23.5-1 _{m of the} main analyzer 23.5 and the main inputs 23.6-1 ₁ -23.6-1 _{m of the} auxiliary analyzer 23.6, respectively. Each of the main 23.5 and auxiliary 23.6 analyzers, receiving in binary code on their additional inputs 23.5-2 ₁ -23.5-2 _m and 23.6-2 ₁ -23.6-2 _m, respectively, the values of the elements of the complement of fuzzy sets from the primary 23.2-3 ₁ -23.2 -3 _m and secondary 23.2-4 ₁ -23.2-4 _m outputs of the element of calculation of supplement 23.2, performs the function of crossing fuzzy sets, as described in [1, 2, 5]: the main analyzer 23.5 performs the operation

, and the auxiliary analyzer 23.6 performs the operation

. From the outputs 23.5-3 ₁ -23.5-3 _{m of the} main analyzer 23.5 and the outputs 23.6-3 ₁ -23.6-3 _{m of the} auxiliary analyzer 23.6, the obtained values in binary code are respectively sent to the primary 23.7-1 ₁ -23.7-1 _m and the secondary 23.7- 2 ₁ -23.7-2 _m inputs of the calculation element of the union 23.7, performing the final cycle of disjunctive summation in accordance with expression (1). From the outputs 23.7-3 ₁ -23.7-3 _m of the calculation element of the association 23.7 the resulting total values (generalized opinion of experts on the value)

(x) the membership function of the value of the particular ith parameter of the Sth property of the control object to the space of true (unambiguously, clearly defined) values in binary code is supplied to the corresponding inputs 23.8-1 ₁ -23.8-1 _{m of the} calculator 23.8, additional inputs 23.2- 5 ₁ -23.2-5 _m of the calculation element of supplement 23.2 and additional inputs 23.4-3 ₁ -23.4-3 _{m of the} auxiliary storage element 23.4.

(x), полученное с выходов 23.7-3₁-23.7-3_m элемента расчета объединения 23.7 для значения конкретного i-го параметра S-го свойства объекта управления, превышает α-уровень или равен ему, этот конкретный параметр является истинным, т.е. однозначно определенным, и вычислитель 23.8 выдает на своих информационных выходах 23.8-2₁-23.8-2_m в двоичном коде значение 1 - «единица». Если α-уровень превышает значение функции принадлежности (степень уверенности) интегрированного мнения экспертов, полученное с выходов элемента расчета объединения 23.7, вычислитель 23.8 выдает на информационных выходах 23.8-2₁-23.8-2_m в двоичном коде значение 0 - «нуль». Передача информации на дополнительные входы 23.2-5₁-23.2-5_m элемента расчета дополнения 23.2 и дополнительные входы 23.4-3₁-23.4-3_m вспомогательного элемента хранения 23.4 предназначена для случая, когда количество экспертов больше двух. В этом случае определяется дополнение полученного с выходов 23.7-3₁-23.7-3_m элемента расчета объединения 23.7 нечеткого множества в элементе расчета дополнения 23.2 и полученные с выходов 23.7-3₁-23.7-3_m элемента расчета объединения 23.7 значения перезаписываются во вспомогательный элемент хранения 23.4, играя роль информации от первого эксперта. Информация от нового (например, третьего) эксперта записывается через регистр 23.1 в главный элемент хранения 23.3 и цикл вычислений повторяется снова.The calculator 23.8 makes an unambiguous selection (assignment) of quantitative values of the analyzed fuzzy parameters of the control object and the environment — the initial data for the student to make a managerial decision [1, 3, 5] in accordance with expression (2). Being, in fact, a programmable comparison scheme (TTL-type comparator 74LS85), in which the values of the previously entered (programmed) α-level and the verified values of the membership function of the value of the particular i-th parameter S- obtained from the union calculation element 23.7 are compared in binary code of the property of the control object to the space of true (uniquely, clearly defined) values, the calculator 23.8, by comparing the threshold (α-level), uniquely and finally determines whether the parameters of the S-th property of the object cta control to the space of uniquely defined values. If the value of the membership function (degree of confidence) of the integrated expert opinion

(x) obtained from the outputs 23.7-3 ₁ -23.7-3 _m of the union calculation element 23.7 for the value of the particular ith parameter of the Sth property of the control object exceeds or is equal to the α level, this particular parameter is true, i.e. e. uniquely determined, and the calculator 23.8 gives on its information outputs 23.8-2 ₁ -23.8-2 _m in binary code the value 1 is “one”. If the α-level exceeds the value of the membership function (degree of confidence) of the integrated expert opinion obtained from the outputs of the union calculation element 23.7, the calculator 23.8 gives the value 0 - “zero” in the binary outputs 23.8-2 ₁ -23.8-2 _m . The transfer of information to the additional inputs 23.2-5 ₁ -23.2-5 _{m of the} element for calculating supplement 23.2 and the additional inputs 23.4-3 ₁ -23.4-3 _{m of the} auxiliary storage element 23.4 is intended for the case when the number of experts is more than two. In this case, the complement of the union calculation element 23.7 obtained from the outputs 23.7-3 ₁ -23.7-3 _{m of the} fuzzy set in the element of the complement calculation element 23.2 is determined and the values obtained from the outputs 23.7-3 ₁ -23.7-3 _m of the union calculation element 23.7 are overwritten into the auxiliary element storage 23.4, playing the role of information from the first expert. Information from a new (for example, third) expert is recorded through register 23.1 to the main storage element 23.3 and the calculation cycle is repeated again.

As a result, at the information outputs 23.8-2 ₁ -23.8-2 _{m of the} calculator 23.8, we have the verified second micro-command of the control algorithm (second micro-operation) containing the obtained qualitative (fuzzy) parameter values (m signals “zero” and “one”) of the control object and the surrounding Wednesday. In addition, information characterizing the content of the second, qualitatively specified micro-operation, in binary code from the indicator outputs 23.8-3 ₁ -23.8-3 _{m of the} calculator 23.8 through the indicator outputs 232 ₁ -232 _m of the processing unit 23 is supplied to the indicator inputs 43 ₁ -43 _m display 4 and the inputs 141 ₁ -141 _{m of} the display panel 14, which visualizes, in the interests of the learner, information about the current, ambiguously specified (fuzzy) operation of the control algorithm.

From the information outputs 23.8-2 ₁ -23.8-2 _{m of the} calculator 23.8 through the information outputs 233 ₁ -233 _m of the processing unit 23, the content of the second, qualitatively (fuzzy) given microoperation in binary code is supplied to the information inputs 222 ₁ -222 _m of the fuzzy code comparison unit 22 and is recorded in the memory cells of the storage element 22.2.

Thus, either the information of 32 ₁ -32 _{m of the} main comparison block 3 receives in binary code the content of the second quantitatively (clearly) specified microoperation of the control algorithm - when the initial information for making a decision (microcommand, microoperation) is set unambiguously by the task unit of the training program 1, either the data inputs 222 ₁ -222 _m of fuzzy comparison unit 22 receives the codes in the binary code verified content, the second quality (indistinct) microoperation predetermined control algorithm - when the source Item mation for decision given unit training program task 1 is ambiguous, vague, with the involvement of linguistic variable.

Along with this, on the display panel 14 of the scoreboard 4, in the interests of the learner, either information about the current, uniquely specified operation of the control algorithm is visualized (comes from indicator outputs 011 ₁ -011 _m of the task block of the training program 1), or information about the current one, ambiguous (fuzzy) the specified operation of the control algorithm (comes from the indicator outputs 232 ₁ -232 _m processing unit 23).

The operator (trainee), perceiving this (unambiguous or ambiguous) information, performs the corresponding action by typing the control action code on the keyboard of the response unit of the operator 2, thereby forming a management decision (clear or fuzzy), formulating and creating a clear or fuzzy code exposure.

From m outputs 021 ₁ -021 _m of the response block of operator 2, the situation-appropriate (clear or fuzzy) management decision is received at the response inputs 31 ₁ -31 _{m of the} main comparison unit 3 and the response inputs 221 ₁ -221 _m of the fuzzy code comparison unit 22, which can be implemented in accordance with the scheme proposed in figure 2. At the same time, the fuzzy management decision (fuzzy impact code) made by the student based on ambiguously (fuzzy) given parameters characterizing the current state of the control object and the environment is ignored by the main comparison unit 3, and the clear management decision (clear impact code) made by the student on based on uniquely specified parameters, on the contrary, is not perceived by the comparator 22.1 of the fuzzy code comparison unit 22.

In the main block of comparison 3 or in the block of comparison of fuzzy codes 22, the error-freeness of the control action generated by the operator (respectively, clear or fuzzy) is likewise assessed by comparing the (clear or fuzzy) codes of the involved and the required control actions that enter block 3 and the block of comparison of fuzzy codes 22, respectively, either at information inputs 32 ₁ -32 _m (in block 3) as part of a second clear micro-operation from check unit 24, or at information inputs 222 ₁ -222 _m (into a comparison block fuzzy their codes 22) within the second fuzzy microoperation from the processing unit 23. In this case, in the comparison block of fuzzy codes 22, the comparator 22.1 performs the comparison function, receiving outputs 22.2-2 ₁ -22.2-2 _{m of the} memory element 22.2 to their information inputs 22.1-2 ₁ -22.1-2 _m verified control action code - a qualitatively (fuzzy) given microoperation of the control algorithm, and on the response inputs 22.1-1 ₁ -22.1-1 _m comparator 22.1 receives a fuzzy management decision (fuzzy action code) from the student.

Thus, in the main block of comparison 3, in case of coincidence of the codes (the code of clear action and the code of the clear micro command), the operation is considered to be completed by the student correctly and the binary signal “no error” appears on the first output 33 of block 3, otherwise, i.e. . in case of an erroneous operator’s action, the comparison of the received codes does not occur, and the “error” signal is fixed at the second output 34 of the main comparison unit 3.

In the block of comparison of fuzzy codes 22, in case of coincidence of the codes (the code of the fuzzy effect and the code of the fuzzy micro-command), the operation is also considered to be performed by the student correctly and the binary signal “no error” appears on the first output 223 of the block for comparison of fuzzy codes 22, otherwise, t .e. with an erroneous operator’s action, the comparison of the received codes does not occur, and the error signal is fixed on the second output 224 of the fuzzy code comparison unit 22.

The signal “no error” from the first output 33 of the main comparison unit 3 or from the first output 223 of the fuzzy code comparison unit 22 is supplied to the second input 72 of the start element OR 7 and through the second control input 014 of the task block of the training program 1 to the second input 1.1-2 of the register micro command addresses 1.1.

At the same time, in the address register of microcommand 1.1 of the task block of the training program 1, a shift to the next cell of the register is recorded, where the address code of the next clear or fuzzy microcommand corresponding to the next operation of the control algorithm is recorded, and the device’s operation cycle is repeated in the manner described previously.

If the operator (trainee) correctly completes the entire control algorithm, from the control output 1.1-4 of the micro command address register 1.1 through the control output 015 of the instruction block of the training program 1, the signal “no error” is received in binary code to the information inputs 102 ₁ -102 _{m of the} block of interrogation elements And 10, which can be implemented in accordance with the scheme proposed in Fig.7. The signal “no error”, arriving at the information inputs 102 ₁ -102 _{m of the} block of interrogating elements And 10, initiates the transfer from its outputs 103 ₁ -103 _{m of the} contents of the main counter 11 (ie “1” - units) to the inputs 122 ₁ -122 _{m of the} decoder 12. The initial signal “1” (unit) from the outputs 121 ₁ -121 _{m of the} decoder 12 in decimal code is supplied through the information inputs 44 ₁ -44 _{m of the} scoreboard 4 to the inputs 171 ₁ -171 _{m of the} indicator of the workout number 17 for display to the operator.

In addition, if the operator correctly completed the entire control algorithm, from the control output 015 of the training program task unit 1, the “no error” signal in binary code also goes to the reset input 94 of trigger 9, initiating the appearance of the “no error” signal at its inverse output 92. This signal “no error” in binary code is supplied through the second control input 42 of the panel 4 to the input 161 of the banner “Training” 16, illuminating this banner. Thereby, 9 is signaled (notified) that the student is being transferred from the Exercise mode to the Training mode.

If the operator (the trainee) commits an error in performing the next clear-cut operation, the error signal in binary code appears on the second output 34 of the main comparison unit 3. If the operator (the trainee) commits errors in the execution of the next fuzzy operation, the error signal in the binary code appears on the second output 224 of the fuzzy code comparison unit 22. Regardless of which of the outputs (on the second output 34 of the main comparison unit 3 or on the second output 224 of the fuzzy code comparison unit 22) an error signal appeared, it falls on the second input 132 of the main element OR 13 and then from its output 133 to the counting input "Set" 1 "of the main counter 11, adding one more to its contents.

In addition, this signal from the output of the main element OR 13 arrives through the first control input 013 to the first input 1.1-1 of the micro-command 1.1 address register of the instruction block 1 of the training program 1, returning the student in the new training to the first (clear or fuzzy) operation of the algorithm. At the same time, the Exercise banner 15 remains illuminated, thereby signaling to the operator that he has not been transferred to a new training mode. The process continues until the student completes the entire control algorithm correctly and the signal “no error” appears on the control output 1.1-4 of the micro command address register 1.1 and on the control output 015 of block 1, entering the reset input 94 of trigger 9 and initiating exposure Banner Training 16.

If the student in his subsequent activities (that is, already in the "Training" mode) makes mistakes, then he was transferred from the "Exercise" mode to the "Training" mode prematurely, or the number of errors can become a key criterion for operator preparedness, admitted in a row. In the event the operator makes an error, the error signal from the second output 34 of the main comparison unit 3 or from the second output 224 of the fuzzy code comparison unit 22 passes through the And 5 element to the counting input “Set“ 1 ”of the start counter 6, increasing its content by one . The same error signal from the second output 34 of the main comparison unit 3 or from the second output 224 of the fuzzy code comparison unit 22 through the delay element 21 is fed to the control input 201 of the register number 20 and to the information inputs 82 ₁ -82 _{m of the} block of starting elements And 8 , which can be implemented in accordance with the scheme proposed in Fig.6.

The error signal is triggered at the outputs 83 ₁ -83 _{m of the} block of start elements AND 8 when the contents of the start counter 6 are increased by one and goes to the information inputs 191 ₁ -191 _{m of the} response block of comparison 19, in which the number of errors made and resolved in a row is compared .

If the number of errors made and the number of errors allowed (recorded and stored in the register of number 20) do not coincide (there are fewer errors), the learning cycle continues in accordance with the previously described procedure, except that if after the error the next clear or fuzzy control action is generated by the operator right, then the signal from the first output 33 of the main comparison unit 3 or the signal from the first output 223 of the fuzzy code comparison unit 22 through the start element OR 7 the contents of the start counter 6 are reset . Thus, the number of errors made by the operator (trainee) in a row is calculated.

If the number of errors allowed and recorded (recorded and stored in the register of number 20) consecutively matches, the binary signal “error” from the output 193 of the response comparison unit 19 is supplied through the installation element OR 18 to the installation input 93 of trigger 9. Trigger 9 transmits this signal in binary the code from its direct exit 91 through the first control input 41 of the scoreboard 4 to the input 151 of the Exercise banner, initiating the exposure of this banner and thereby returning the student to the Exercise mode.

Thus, in the framework of training and consolidating the operator’s skills in developing complex control algorithms under the conditions of uncertainty (ambiguity, fuzziness) of the initial data for decision making at the first 223 or second 224 outputs of the fuzzy code comparison unit 22, we have reliable, verified using mathematical code in binary apparatus of the theory of fuzzy sets, the corresponding signals are “error” (from the first output 223) or “no error” (from the second output 224). The presence of these signals allows one to mathematically correctly and more reliably evaluate the correctness of the learner's actions in a complex (ambiguous) environment and has a very definite physical meaning - the decision made by the operator under the conditions of ambiguity (ambiguity) of the parameters characterizing the current state of the control object and the environment is unambiguously recognized as error-free or, conversely, erroneous.

An analysis of the principle of operation of the inventive device for training operators shows the evidence of the fact that, along with the didactic capabilities that were saved and described in the prototype, which provide more informed decisions on transferring a student from the “Exercise” stage to the “Training” stage, the device is able to assess skills with high reliability decision-making operator when developing complex control algorithms in ACS, the parameters of the current state of which can be set both quantitatively and qualitatively oznachno, clearly, with the involvement of linguistic variable.

This device provides an increase in the reliability of assessing the correctness (error-freeness) of the operator's (trainee's) actions during the development of complex control algorithms in conditions inherent in the real process of functioning and control of ACS - in the conditions of ambiguity (ambiguity) of parameters characterizing the current state of the control object and the environment, which is essential expands the scope of the device, expands the functionality of training equipment, where the claimed device for training Ator be used.

Information sources

1. Kofman A. Introduction to the theory of fuzzy sets: Per. with french - M.: Radio and Communications, 1982, - 432 p.

2. Fuzzy sets and the theory of possibilities. Recent achievements: Per. from English / Ed. Yager P.P. - M .: Radio and communications, 1986, - 408 p.

3. Voronov M.V. Fuzzy sets in models of organizational management systems. - L .: VMA, 1988, - 54 p.

4. Martynov V.I. The mathematical foundations of managing primary communication networks using fuzzy parameters. - M .: "Elf-M", 1997, - 48 p.

5. Parashchuk I. B., Bobrik I. P. Fuzzy sets in the analysis of communication networks. - SPb .: VUS, 2001. - 80 p.

Claims (4)

1. A device for training operators, comprising a unit for setting a training program, a block for operator response, a start, main and installation elements OR, a delay element, a main and response comparison blocks, blocks for start and interrogating elements AND, a number register, a start and main counters, a decoder, a trigger, an element And a scoreboard, m≥2 information inputs of which are connected to the corresponding m outputs of the decoder, m inputs of which are connected to the corresponding m outputs of the block of polling elements And, m of the counting inputs of which inen with the corresponding m outputs of the main counter, the installation input “Set“ 0 ”of which is connected to the first input of the OR start element, the second input of the OR installation element, the first input of the OR main element and is the“ Start ”input of the device, the output of the main OR element is connected to the counting input "Set" 1 "of the main counter and the first control input of the task block of the training program, m indicator outputs of which are connected to the corresponding m indicator inputs of the board, the first control input of which is connected to a direct trigger output, the inverse output of which is connected to the first input of the And element and the second control input of the scoreboard, m response inputs of the main comparison unit are connected to the corresponding m outputs of the operator response unit, the first output of the main comparison unit is connected to the second input of the OR start element and the second control the input of the task unit of the training program, the second output of the main comparison unit is connected to the second input of the main OR element, the input of the delay element and the second input of the AND element, the output of which It is connected to the counting input “Set“ 1 ”of the start counter, the setting input“ Set “0” of which is connected to the output of the start element OR, the output of the delay element is connected to the control input of the number register and to m information inputs of the block of start elements AND, m count the inputs of which are connected to the corresponding m outputs of the start counter, the m outputs of the block of start elements AND are connected to the corresponding m information inputs of the response comparison block, the m response inputs of which are connected to the corresponding m outputs numbers, the output of the response comparison unit is connected to the first input of the OR setting element, the output of which is connected to the installation input of the trigger, the resetting input of which is connected to the control output of the training program task unit and m information inputs of the block of polling elements AND, characterized in that the block is additionally introduced comparing fuzzy codes, a processing unit designed to transform fuzzy source data to a form suitable for an operator to make a decision, and a verification unit, the first and second The swarm outputs of the fuzzy code comparison unit are connected respectively to the first and second outputs of the main comparison unit, m information inputs of which are connected to the corresponding m information outputs of the verification unit, m information inputs of which are connected to the corresponding m information outputs of the training program task unit, m test outputs of the verification unit connected to the corresponding m inputs of the processing unit, m indicator outputs of which are connected to the corresponding m indicator outputs of the task unit training programs, m information outputs of the processing unit are connected to the corresponding m information inputs of the fuzzy code comparison unit, m response inputs of which are connected to the corresponding m response inputs of the main comparison unit. 2. The device for training operators according to claim 1, characterized in that the fuzzy code comparison unit consists of a comparator and a storage element, m inputs of which correspond to m information inputs of the fuzzy code comparison unit, m outputs of the storage element are connected to the corresponding m information inputs of the comparator , m response inputs of which are the corresponding m response inputs of the fuzzy code comparison unit, the first and second outputs of the comparator are, respectively, the first and second outputs of the block comparison of fuzzy codes. 3. The device for training operators according to claim 1, characterized in that the processing unit, designed to transform fuzzy source data to a form suitable for decision-making by the operator, consists of a register, an element for calculating additions, main and auxiliary storage elements, main and auxiliary analyzers designed to determine the intersection of fuzzy sets, a union calculation element, and a calculator designed to uniquely select quantitative values of fuzzy parameters, m indie which itator outputs are the corresponding m indicator outputs of the block, m information outputs of the calculator are the corresponding m information outputs of the block, m register inputs are the corresponding m inputs of the block, m primary outputs of the register are connected to the corresponding m primary inputs of the complement calculation element and to the corresponding m inputs of the main element storage, m secondary outputs of the register are connected to the corresponding m secondary inputs of the element of calculation of additions and to the corresponding m direct inputs I will give an auxiliary storage element, m outputs of the main storage element are connected to the corresponding m main inputs of the main analyzer, m outputs of the auxiliary storage element are connected to the corresponding m main inputs of the auxiliary analyzer, m additional inputs of the main analyzer are connected to the corresponding m primary outputs of the complement calculation element, m secondary the outputs of which are connected to the corresponding m additional inputs of the auxiliary analyzer, m outputs of the main analyzer connected to the corresponding m primary inputs of the union calculation element, m secondary inputs of which are connected to the corresponding m outputs of the auxiliary analyzer, m outputs of the union calculation element are connected to the corresponding m additional inputs of the complement calculation element, corresponding to m additional inputs of the auxiliary storage element and the corresponding m inputs of the calculator. 4. The device for training operators according to claim 1, characterized in that the verification unit consists of a storage register and a counter, m inputs of which are the corresponding m information inputs of the block, m outputs of the counter are connected to the corresponding m inputs of the storage register, m transit outputs of which are the corresponding m information outputs of the block, m test outputs of the storage register are the corresponding m test outputs of the check unit.

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