US9573437B2 - Vehicular air conditioning system - Google Patents

Vehicular air conditioning system Download PDF

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Publication number: US9573437B2
Authority: US; United States
Prior art keywords: heat exchanger; air; indoor; air conditioning; coolant
Prior art date: 2011-02-21
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.): Expired - Fee Related, expires 2033-01-17

Application number

US13/982,869

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English (en)

Other versions

US20130299129A1 (en

Inventor

Tadashi Osaka

Hiroaki Matsushima

Sachio Sekiya

Riichi Uchida

Yuki Akiyama

Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)

Hitachi Ltd

Original Assignee

Hitachi Ltd

Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)

2011-02-21

Filing date

2011-02-21

Publication date

2017-02-21

2011-02-21 Application filed by Hitachi Ltd filed Critical Hitachi Ltd

2013-07-31 Assigned to HITACHI, LTD. reassignment HITACHI, LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MATSUSHIMA, HIROAKI, UCHIDA, RIICHI, SEKIYA, SACHIO, AKIYAMA, YUKI, OSAKA, TADASHI

2013-11-14 Publication of US20130299129A1 publication Critical patent/US20130299129A1/en

2017-02-21 Application granted granted Critical

2017-02-21 Publication of US9573437B2 publication Critical patent/US9573437B2/en

Status Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

2033-01-17 Adjusted expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00007—Combined heating, ventilating, or cooling devices
- B60H1/00021—Air flow details of HVAC devices
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00007—Combined heating, ventilating, or cooling devices
- B60H1/00021—Air flow details of HVAC devices
- B60H1/00035—Air flow details of HVAC devices for sending an air stream of uniform temperature into the passenger compartment
- B60H1/0005—Air flow details of HVAC devices for sending an air stream of uniform temperature into the passenger compartment the air being firstly cooled and subsequently heated or vice versa
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
- B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
- B60H1/00899—Controlling the flow of liquid in a heat pump system
- B60H1/00907—Controlling the flow of liquid in a heat pump system where the flow direction of the refrigerant changes and an evaporator becomes condenser
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/32—Cooling devices
- B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
- B60H1/3228—Cooling devices using compression characterised by refrigerant circuit configurations
- B60H1/32281—Cooling devices using compression characterised by refrigerant circuit configurations comprising a single secondary circuit, e.g. at evaporator or condenser side
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00007—Combined heating, ventilating, or cooling devices
- B60H1/00021—Air flow details of HVAC devices
- B60H2001/0015—Temperature regulation
- B60H2001/00178—Temperature regulation comprising an air passage from the HVAC box to the exterior of the cabin
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
- B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
- B60H2001/00928—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices comprising a secondary circuit

Definitions

the present invention relates to a vehicular air conditioning system ideal for electrically driven vehicles such as electric cars, hybrid cars, and electric railway cars.
a vehicular air conditioning system for hybrid cars as disclosed for example in patent document 1 is a vehicular coolant system comprised of a coolant circuit including a circulating pump to circulate coolant for cooling the vehicle onboard heating element by coolant circulated by this circulating pump, and a refrigerating cycle device including a compressor to compress the coolant, a coolant refrigerator to cool the coolant from this compressor, a pressure reducer to decrease the pressure of the coolant from this coolant refrigerator, an evaporator to absorb the heat from the coolant within the coolant circuit and evaporate the coolant from the pressure reducer; and in which the coolant circuit contains an in-vehicle air conditioning heat exchanger to exchange the heat between the coolant and the air blown inside the vehicle.
a vehicular air conditioning system combining a heat pump type cooler and a heating circulator for heating as disclosed for example in patent document 2 is a system that cools and heats by utilizing a heat pump type cooler; and in which the system includes a heat pump type cooler A including a first circulating path, and heating circulator B including a second circulating path in order to simplify the structure of the heat pump type cooler; and the water-cooled condenser within the first circulating path discharges heat from the first coolant placed within the second circulating path 8 to the second coolant, and a flow path selector valve to switch the flow path between the heat radiator side and the heat radiator bypass flow path is installed; and during heating air conditioning operation the flow path selector valve flows the second coolant to the heat radiator bypass flow path to supply air heated by the heater core to inside the vehicle as an air conditioning breeze; and during cooling air conditioning operation the flow path selector valve flows the second coolant to the heat radiator, to supply air cooled by the evaporator to inside the vehicle as an air conditioning breeze.
a first aspect of the present invention for a vehicular air conditioning system includes: a machine coolant circuit for the heat-generating devices mounted in the vehicle, an in-vehicle air conditioning device containing a refrigerating cycle circuit, a machine coolant which circulates through the machine coolant circuit, and an intermediate heat exchanger to exchange heat in the air conditioning coolant of the refrigerating cycle circuit; and to suction in air outside the vehicle or air within the vehicle, regulate the temperature of the applicable air and blow that air inside the vehicle; and further including a first indoor cooling heat exchanger for cooling the applicable air, an indoor air conditioning heat exchanger installed on the downstream side of air that passed through the applicable first indoor cooling heat exchanger for regulating the temperature of that applicable air, a refrigeration cycle connected to the applicable indoor air conditioning heat exchanger, a heating element mounted in the vehicle, and a machine coolant circuit for circulating between the applicable heating element and the applicable first indoor cooling heat exchanger, and in which the air flow path for air flowing into the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger, merges a flow path passing through the first
a second aspect of the present invention for a cooling system for electrically-driven vehicles according to the first aspect in which one indoor unit includes the first indoor cooling heat exchanger, the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger, the flow path, and the flow path after merging of the flow paths.
a third aspect of the present invention for a machine coolant circuit of the vehicular air conditioning system according to the first aspect in which a branch circuit contains a first indoor cooling heat exchanger and a second indoor cooling heat exchanger arrayed in parallel, and the applicable second indoor cooling heat exchanger is installed on the downstream side of the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger in the air flow path
a fifth aspect of the present invention for the vehicular air conditioning system according to the first aspect including an intermediate heat exchanger to exchange heat between the machine coolant and the air conditioning coolant.
An eighth aspect of the present invention for an operating method of a vehicular air conditioning system that selects and switches to plurality of operating modes in a vehicular air conditioning system that along with cooling the heat-generating device installed in the vehicle also suctions in air outside the vehicle or inside the vehicle, adjusts the temperature of the applicable air, and blows the air inside the vehicle; also includes a first step for cooling the heating element mounted in the vehicle by using the machine coolant; and a second step for cooling the machine coolant by the suctioned air; and a third step to allow switching to merge the air that passed through the second step and the air that did not pass through the second step, and a fourth step to adjust the temperature of the applicable air by performing heat exchange between the air that passed through the third step and the air conditioning coolant.
a ninth aspect of the present invention for an operating method for a vehicular air conditioning system in which when the selected mode is cooling air conditioning operation, in the third step the flow path is switched so that the air whose temperature was raised in the second step is released outside the vehicle, and only air that did not pass through the second step is supplied.
a tenth aspect of the present invention for an operating method for a vehicular air conditioning system further including a fifth step to heat the air that passed through the fourth step by using an electric heater.
An eleventh aspect of the present invention for an operating method for a vehicular air conditioning system in which, when the selected mode is dehumidifying operation, the air is cooled in the fourth step, and heated in the fifth step.
a twelfth aspect of the present invention for an operating method for a vehicular air conditioning system in which, when the selected mode is heating air conditioning operation, the air is heated in the fourth step, and is further heated in the fifth step as needed.
the present invention is capable of providing a vehicular air conditioning system capable of suppressing electrical power consumption in the refrigerating cycle.
FIG. 1 is a drawing showing the overall structure of the vehicular air conditioning system of the present invention
FIG. 2 is a drawing showing the overall structure of an air conditioner 60 of the first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a drawing showing the overall structure of an air conditioner 60 of the first embodiment in the mode for machine cooling operation
FIG. 4 is a drawing showing the overall structure of the air conditioner 60 of the first embodiment in the mode for cooling air conditioning operation
FIG. 5 is a drawing showing the overall structure of the air conditioner 60 of the first embodiment in the mode for cooling air conditioning and machine cooling operation;
FIG. 6 is a drawing showing the overall structure of the air conditioner 60 of the first embodiment in the mode for heating air conditioning operation
FIG. 7 is a drawing showing the overall structure of the air conditioner 60 of the first embodiment in the mode for heating air conditioning and machine cooling operation;
FIG. 8 is a drawing showing the overall structure of the air conditioner 60 of the first embodiment in the mode for dehumidifying operation
FIG. 9 is a drawing showing the overall structure of the air conditioner 60 of the first embodiment in the mode for heating air conditioning and dehumidifying operation;
FIG. 10 is a drawing showing the overall structure of the air conditioner 60 of the first embodiment in the mode for machine heating operation
FIG. 11 is a drawing showing the overall structure of the air conditioner 60 of the first embodiment in the mode defrosting operation
FIG. 12 is a drawing showing the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 and the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 B arrangement in the present invention.
FIG. 13 is a drawing showing the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 and the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A arrangement in the present invention
FIG. 14 is a drawing showing the overall structure of the indoor unit switching damper in the states for outer air feed, and blowing of intake air to inside the vehicle;
FIG. 15 is a drawing showing the overall structure of the indoor unit switching damper in the states for inner air circulation and blowing of intake air to inside the vehicle;
FIG. 16 is a drawing showing the overall structure of the indoor unit switching damper in the states for outer air feed, and blowing of intake air to outside the vehicle;
FIG. 17 is a drawing showing the overall structure of the indoor unit switching damper in the states for outer air feed, and blowing of intake air to inside the vehicle and outside the vehicle;
FIG. 18 is a list showing the targets for temperature regulation, and their conditions
FIG. 19 is a drawing showing another example of arrangement different from FIG. 2 , as the heating element of the present invention.
FIG. 20 is a flowchart of the control processing program in the air conditioning control device 61 of the present invention.
FIG. 21 is a table showing the vehicle status and changes in the temperatures set for the heating element 9 as the device requiring temperature regulation;
FIG. 22 is a block diagram showing the structure of the control device for electric cars mounted with the vehicular air conditioning system of the present invention.
FIG. 23 is a drawing showing the overall structure of the vehicular air conditioning system of the second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 24 is a drawing showing the overall structure of the air conditioner 60 of the second embodiment in the mode for machine cooling operation
FIG. 25 is a drawing showing the overall structure of the air conditioner 60 of the second embodiment in the mode for cooling air conditioning operation
FIG. 26 is a drawing showing the overall structure of the air conditioner 60 of the second embodiment in the mode for the cooling air conditioning and machine cooling operation;
FIG. 27 is a drawing showing the overall structure of the air conditioner 60 of the second embodiment in the mode for the heating air conditioning operation
FIG. 28 is a drawing showing the overall structure of the air conditioner 60 of the second embodiment in the mode for the heating air conditioning and machine cooling operation;
FIG. 29 is a drawing showing the overall structure of the air conditioner 60 of the second embodiment in the mode for the dehumidifying operation
FIG. 30 is a drawing showing the overall structure of the air conditioner 60 of the second embodiment in the mode for the machine heating operation
FIG. 31 is a drawing showing the overall structure of the air conditioner 60 of the second embodiment in the mode for the defrost operation.
the present invention is not limited to electric cars and may be applied to hybrid cars or electric railway cars, construction motor vehicles, and other electrically driven vehicles such as other custom vehicles.
an alternating current (AC) motor driven by an inverter was described as an example, however the present invention is not limited to an AC motor and for example may be applied to all types of rotary electrical machines (motors and generators) such as direct current motors driven by a converter such as thyristor leonard device, or a pulse motor driven by a chopper power supply, etc.
FIG. 1 is a drawing showing the overall structure of the vehicular air conditioning system of the present invention.
the vehicular air conditioning system shown in FIG. 1 is comprised of an air conditioner 60 for performing cooling/heating air conditioning and cooling/heating of the vehicle interior and machine requiring temperature regulation; and an air conditioning control device 61 to control the air conditioner 60 .
Control signals from the air conditioning control device 61 control the different types of actuators mounted in the air conditioner 60 .
the actuator for the present embodiment contains a compressor 1 , expansion valves 22 A, 22 B, 23 as a flow rate control method, a four-way valve 19 as a first flow path selector method, three-way valves 20 as a second flow path selector method, the two-way valves 21 A, 21 B, 21 C, 21 D, 21 E, pump 5 , outdoor fan 3 , and indoor fan 8 .
a temperature sensor inputs the vehicle indoor temperature 62 , and the temperature 63 for the machine requiring temperature regulation to the air conditioner control device 61 .
the present embodiment contains machines such as motors, inverters, battery, and gear boxes as equipment requiring temperature adjustment, and a temperature sensor is mounted in each of these machines.
a navigation device inputs road information or target destination information as the drive schedule information 65 of the vehicle.
FIG. 2 is a drawing showing the overall structure of an air conditioner 60 .
the air conditioner 60 contains a refrigeration cycle circuit 90 for circulating the air conditioning coolant (e.g. refrigerant) to cool the heating element 9 and for indoor air conditioning; and a machine coolant circuit 41 to circulate the machine coolant (e.g. cooling water) for cooling the heating element 9 .
the air conditioning coolant e.g. refrigerant
a machine coolant circuit 41 to circulate the machine coolant (e.g. cooling water) for cooling the heating element 9 .
a four-way valve 19 is installed between the intake pipe 11 and the dispensing pipe 10 of the compressor 1 . Switching the four-way valve 19 allows connecting either of the intake pipe 11 and dispensing pipe 10 to the outdoor heat exchanger 2 , and connecting the other to the intermediate heat exchanger 4 and the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 .
the four-way valve 19 shown in FIG. 2 connects the dispensing pipe 10 to the outdoor heat exchanger 2 , and connects the intake pipe 11 to the intermediate heat exchanger 4 .
the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 is connected to the outdoor heat exchanger 2 , and the other end is connected by way of the three-way valve to allow switching to either of the dispensing pipe 10 or the intake pipe 11 of the compressor 1 .
the expansion valves 23 , 22 A, 22 B functioning as the flow rate control method for the air conditioning coolant are respectively mounted on the side not connected to the compressor 1 of the outdoor heat exchanger 2 , between the intermediate heat exchanger 4 and the outdoor heat exchanger 2 , and between the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 and the outdoor heat exchanger 2 .
the outdoor heat exchanger 2 contains an outside fan 3 for blowing outside air.
the machine coolant circuit 41 is connected in sequence in a ring-shaped layout to an indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 in which that the machine coolant internally flows to perform heat exchange with vehicle interior air flow, the intermediate heat exchanger 4 , the pump 5 to circulate the machine coolant within the machine coolant circuit 41 , and the heating element 9 as the machine requiring temperature adjustment.
the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 in the machine coolant circuit 41 is an indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A as a first indoor cooling heat exchanger, and an indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 B as a second indoor cooling heat exchanger, the two of which are installed in parallel.
a bypass circuit 41 C functioning as a bypass is mounted on both ends of these two indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A and 6 B.
a two-way valve 21 C is mounted along the bypass circuit 41 C, a two-way valve 21 E is mounted on the circuit 41 E passing through the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A, and a two-way valve 21 D is mounted on the circuit 41 D passing through the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 B.
the opening and closing action of these two-way valves 21 C, 21 D, 21 E allows switching the flow paths for the machine coolant.
a two-way valve 21 B is installed in the machine coolant circuit 41 B containing the heating element 9 B, and a two-way valve 21 A is installed in the machine coolant circuit 41 A not passing through the heating element 9 B.
the temperature of both the heating elements 9 A, 9 B can in this way be regulated when the two-way valve 21 A is closed and the two-way valve 21 B is opened, however only the temperature of the heating element 9 A can be regulated when the two-way valve 21 A is opened and the two-way valve 2 B is closed.
a plurality of heating elements 9 may even be connected in series at the position of the heating element 9 A.
the method for connecting the heating elements 9 , and the method for installing the two-way valves can be changed according to the heating element temperature conditions.
the indoor unit blowing the temperature-regulated air contains an indoor fan to suction indoor (in-vehicle) or outdoor (outside the vehicle) air, and blow to inside the vehicle or outside the vehicle, an indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A, 6 B, the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 , and the switching dampers 52 , 53 to perform switching so as to blow the air that was heat-exchanged in the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 to inside the vehicle or outside the vehicle, and the air in/out ports 43 A, 43 B, 43 C, 43 D to suction the vehicle inside or vehicle outside air, or blow air to inside the vehicle or outside the vehicle.
the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A, 6 B are respectively installed on the upstream side or downstream side of the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 , and the switching dampers 52 , 53 are installed between the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 and the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A.
the indoor unit suctions air from the air intake ports 43 A, 43 D by way of the indoor fan 8 , and blows air from the air dispensing ports 43 B, 43 C.
the air intake ports 43 A, 43 D suction in air inside the vehicle (inside air) or air outside the vehicle (outside air) by way of ducts not shown in the drawing.
the air dispensing port 43 B blows air to inside the vehicle (inside vehicle) from a duct not shown in the drawing, and the air dispensing port 43 C blows air to outside the vehicle (outside air) from a duct not shown in the drawing.
the switching damper 52 is capable of adjusting the air flow suctioned in from the air intake port 43 D and can variably control the degree of opening.
the air suctioned in from the air intake port 43 D passes through the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 and the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 B without passing through the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A, and is blown into the interior of the vehicle from the air dispensing port 43 B.
the switching damper 53 blow the air from the air dispensing port 43 C to outside the vehicle or blows the air to inside the vehicle from the air dispensing port 43 B.
the temperature of the heating element 9 is adjusted by circulating the machine coolant by the pump 5 .
the operation of the other machines varies according to the amount of heat emitted from the air conditioning load and the heating element 9 .
the machine cooling, cooling air conditioning, cooling air conditioning+machine cooling, heating air conditioning, heating air conditioning+machine cooling, dehumidifying, heating air conditioning+dehumidifying, machine heating, and defrosting operation is described next.
Machine cooling operation is an operation to cool the heating elements 9 in a state where there is no vehicle indoor air conditioning and is described while referring to FIG. 3 . This operation is utilized when the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A is only cooling the machine coolant circulating in the machine coolant circuit 41 ; and when the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A and intermediate heat exchanger 4 are cooling the machine coolant.
Closing the two-way valves 21 C, 21 D and opening the two-way valve 21 E in the machine coolant circuit 41 causes the machine coolant driven by the pump 5 to circulate in the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A and the intermediate heat exchanger 4 .
Machine coolant flows in the machine coolant circuit 41 A when the two-way valve 21 B is closed, and when the two-way valve 21 A is opened.
Machine coolant flows in the machine coolant circuit 41 B when the two-way valve 21 A is closed and the two-way valve 21 B is opened.
the two-way valve 21 A is closed and the two-way valve 21 B is opened if cooling both the heating elements 9 A, 9 B.
the switching dampers 52 , 53 within the indoor unit 42 are set so that the air suctioned in by the air in/out port 43 A passes through the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A and is blown from the air in/out port 43 C.
the passage of air through the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A cools the machine coolant.
the cooling capability can moreover be adjusted by way of the air flow suctioned in by the indoor fan 8 .
the air in/out port 43 C is rendered by way of a duct not shown in the figure so as not to blow warm air into the vehicle.
the four-way valve 19 and the three-way valve 20 are connected as shown in FIG. 3 , and the dispensing pipe 10 of the compressor 1 is connected to the outdoor heat exchanger 2 , and the intake pipe 11 of the compressor 1 is connected to the intermediate heat exchanger 4 and the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 .
the expansion valve 22 B is fully closed so that no air conditioning coolant flows into the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 .
the outdoor heat exchanger 2 serves as a condenser and the intermediate condenser 4 serves as an evaporator.
the air conditioning coolant compressed by the compressor 1 After the air conditioning coolant compressed by the compressor 1 , is liquefied by heat discharge from the outdoor heat exchanger 2 , the air conditioning coolant passes through the fully open expansion valve 23 and flows into the intermediate heat exchanger 4 .
the air conditioning coolant flowing into the intermediate heat exchanger 4 is depressurized by the expansion valve 22 A and reaches a low pressure, low temperature state, and evaporates due to the absorption of heat from the machine coolant in the machine coolant circuit 41 in the intermediate heat exchanger 4 , and returns by way of the four-way valve 19 to the compressor 1 .
Heat exchange between the machine coolant and the air conditioning coolant takes place in the intermediate heat exchange 4 by utilizing the refrigeration cycle circuit 90 to cool the machine coolant.
the machine coolant can in this way be cooled by the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A and the intermediate heat exchanger 4 .
the machine coolant is cooled only in the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A without utilizing the refrigeration cycle circuit 90
the machine coolant is cooled in the intermediate heat exchanger 4 and the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A utilizing the refrigeration cycle circuit 90 .
the air flow of the internal fan 8 , the flow rate of the pump 5 , the rotation speed of the compressor 1 , the degree of opening of the expansion valve 22 A, and the air flow of the outdoor fan 3 may be controlled in order to regulate the temperature of the machine coolant.
the air flow of the indoor fan 8 may be increased, the flow rate of the pump 5 may be increased, the rotation speed of the compressor 1 may be increased, the degree of opening of the expansion valve 22 A may be widened, and the air flow of the outdoor fan 3 may be increased.
the air flow of the indoor fan 8 may be decreased, the flow rate of the pump 5 may be decreased, the rotation speed of the compressor 1 may be decreased, the degree of opening of the expansion valve 22 A may be narrowed, and the air flow of the outdoor fan 3 may be decreased. Not all of the actuators need be controlled, and just controlling at least one actuator is sufficient.
the cooling air conditioning operation is an operation that cools the interior of the vehicle without cooling the heating element 9 .
the cooling air conditioning operation is described while referring to FIG. 4 .
the machine coolant circuit 41 causes the pump 5 to drive the machine coolant to flow in the machine coolant circuit 41 C without flowing through the indoor cooling heat exchangers 6 A, 6 B by closing the two-way valve 21 D, 21 E and opening the two-way valve 21 C. In this way, an uneven temperature rise in the machine coolant in the heating element 9 section is prevented by circulating the machine coolant in the machine coolant circuit 41 even if there is no cooling of the heating element 9 . If the two-way valve 21 A is opened and the two-way valve 21 B is closed, the machine coolant flows into the machine coolant circuit 41 A, and if the two-way valve 21 A is closed and the two-way valve 21 B is opened, the machine coolant flows into the machine coolant circuit 41 B.
the switching dampers 52 , 53 within the indoor unit 42 are set as shown in FIG. 4 , so that the air suctioned in by the air in/out port 43 A passes through the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A, the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 and the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 B, and is blown out from the air in/out port 43 B. No machine coolant circulates in these indoor cooling heat exchangers 6 A, 6 B so that there are no temperature fluctuations in the air passing through the indoor cooling heat exchangers 6 A, 6 B.
the air in/out port 43 B is connected to the indoor (vehicle interior) by a duct not shown in the drawing to regulate (adjust) the indoor temperature.
the four-way valve 19 and the three-way valve 20 are connected as shown in FIG. 4 , the dispensing pipe 10 of the compressor 1 is connected to the outdoor heat exchanger 2 , and the intake pipe 11 of the compressor 1 is connected to the intermediate heat exchanger 4 and the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 .
the expansion valve 22 A is fully closed so that no air conditioning coolant flows into the intermediate heat exchanger 4 .
the outdoor heat exchanger 2 serves as a condenser and the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 serves as an evaporator.
the air conditioning coolant compressed by the compressor 1 After the air conditioning coolant compressed by the compressor 1 , is liquefied by the heat discharge from the outdoor heat exchanger 2 , the air conditioning coolant passes through the fully opened expansion valve 23 and flows into the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 .
the air conditioning coolant flowing into the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 is depressurized by the expansion valve 22 B and reaches a low temperature, low pressure state, and evaporates due to the absorption of heat from the air suctioned in the air in/out 43 A in the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 , and returns by way of the three-way valve 20 to the compressor 1 .
the air cooled in this way by heat exchange in the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 is blown from the air in/out port 43 B to the interior of the vehicle.
the air flow of the internal fan 8 , the rotation speed of the compressor 1 , the degree of opening of the expansion valve 22 B, and the air flow of the outdoor fan 3 may be regulated. If the blown air is a higher temperature than the target temperature, the air flow of the indoor fan 8 may be increased, the rotation speed of the compressor 1 may be increased, the degree of opening of the expansion valve 22 B may be widened, and the air flow of the indoor fan 8 may be increased.
the air flow of the indoor fan 8 may be decreased, the rotation speed of the compressor 1 may be decreased, the degree of opening of the expansion valve 22 B may be narrowed, and the air flow of the outdoor fan 3 may be decreased. Not all of the actuators need be controlled, and just controlling at least one actuator is sufficient.
the cooling air conditioning and machine cooling operation is an operation to cool the heating element 9 , and to cool air condition the interior and are described while referring to FIG. 5 .
This operation includes the case where cooling the machine coolant circulating in the machine coolant circuit 41 just by using the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A, and the case where cooling the machine coolant by using the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A and the intermediate heat exchanger 4 .
the machine coolant circuit 41 is rendered to circulate machine coolant driven by the pump 5 in the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A and the intermediate heat exchanger 4 by closing the two-way valves 21 C, 21 D, and opening the two-way valve 21 E. If the two-way valve 21 A is opened, and the two-way valve 21 B is closed, machine coolant flows in the machine coolant circuit 41 A, and if the two-way valve 21 A is closed and the two-way valve 21 B is opened then machine coolant flows in the machine coolant circuit 41 B. If cooling both the heating elements 9 A and 9 B, the two-way valve 21 A is closed, and the two-way valve 21 B is opened.
the switching dampers 52 , 53 within the indoor unit 42 are set as shown in FIG. 5 , so that the air suctioned in by the air in/out port 43 A passes through the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A and is blown from the air in/out port 43 C.
the air in/out port 43 C is rendered not to blow air inside by way of a duct not shown in the drawing.
the air suctioned in from the air in/out port 43 D by the indoor fan 8 passes through the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 and is blown from the air in/out port 43 B.
the passage of air through the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A cools the machine coolant.
the air passing through the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 is cooled by the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 and that cooled air is blown inside (inside the vehicle).
the four-way valve 19 and the three-way valve 20 are connected as shown in FIG. 5 , the dispensing pipe 10 of the compressor 1 is connected to the outdoor heat exchanger 2 , and the intake pipe 11 of the compressor 1 is connected to the intermediate heat exchanger 4 and the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 .
the outdoor heat exchanger 2 serves as a condenser and the intermediate heat exchanger 4 and the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 serve as an evaporator.
the air conditioning coolant compressed by the compressor 1 After the air conditioning coolant compressed by the compressor 1 , is liquefied by the heat discharged by the outdoor heat exchanger 2 , the air conditioning coolant passes through the fully opened expansion valve 23 and flows into the intermediate heat exchanger 4 and the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 .
the air conditioning coolant flowing into the intermediate heat exchanger 4 is depressurized by the expansion valve 22 A and reaches a low temperature, low pressure state, and evaporates due to the absorption of heat from the machine coolant in the machine coolant circuit 41 in the intermediate heat exchanger 4 , and returns to the compressor 1 by way of the four-way valve 19 . Heat exchange between the machine coolant and air conditioning coolant takes place in this way in the intermediate heat exchanger 4 and cools the machine coolant.
the air conditioning coolant flowing into the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 is depressurized by the expansion valve 22 B, reaches a low temperature, low pressure state, evaporates due to absorption of heat from the air suctioned in by the air in/out port 43 D in the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 , and returns to the compressor by way of the three-way valve 20 .
the air that was heat-exchanged and cooled by the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 in this way is blown inside the vehicle from the air in/out port 43 B.
the cooling air conditioning of the vehicle interior and the cooling of the heating element 9 can both be achieved at the same time by utilizing both the intermediate heat exchanger 4 and the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 as an evaporator.
the intermediate heat exchanger 4 and the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 are moreover connected in parallel with the intake pipe 11 of compressor 1 , and the expansion valves 22 A, 22 B are mounted on the refrigerating cycle circuit 90 A, 90 B so that the flow rates of air conditioning coolant flowing to the intermediate heat exchanger 4 and the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 can be varied as needed.
the temperature of the machine coolant and the temperature of the air conditioning coolant can consequently be regulated to their respective desired temperatures.
the temperature of machine coolant flowing inside the heating element 9 can therefore be maintained at a high temperature by suppressing the coolant flow rate flowing into the intermediate heat exchanger 4 even when the temperature of the air conditioning coolant was sufficiently lowered in order to carry out cooling air conditioning.
the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A and intermediate heat exchanger 4 can cool the machine coolant as described above. If the machine coolant is a lower temperature than the specified temperature, the machine coolant is cooled only in the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A without utilizing the refrigerating cycle circuit 90 ; and if the machine coolant is a higher temperature than a specified temperature the machine coolant is cooled by the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A and intermediate heat exchanger 4 utilizing the refrigerating cycle circuit 90 .
This control is implemented by control to adjust the degree of opening of the expansion valve 22 A. If the expansion valve 22 A is fully closed then the air conditioning coolant does not flow to the intermediate heat exchanger 4 so that only the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A cools the machine coolant.
the air flow of the indoor fan 8 , the flow rate of the pump 5 , the rotation speed of the compressor 1 , the degree of opening of the expansion valves 22 A, 22 B, and the air flow of the outdoor fan 3 may be regulated in order to control the machine coolant temperature and the temperature of the air blown from the air in/out ports 43 B. If the machine coolant is a higher temperature than the target temperature or the air that is blown is a higher temperature than the target temperature, the air flow of the indoor fan 8 may be increased, the flow rate of the pump 5 may be increased, the rotation speed of the compressor 1 may be increased, the degree of opening of expansion valves 22 A, 22 B may be widened, and the air flow of the outdoor fan 3 may be increased.
the air flow of the indoor fan 8 may be decreased, the flow rate of the pump 5 may be decreased, the rotation speed of compressor 1 may be decreased, the degree of opening of expansion valves 22 A, 22 B may be narrowed, and the air flow of the outdoor fan 3 may be decreased. Not all of the actuators need be regulated, and regulating at least one of the actuators is sufficient.
Heating air conditioning operation is an operation to warm the interior air of the vehicle without cooling the heating element 9 and is described while referring to FIG. 6 .
the machine coolant circuit 41 allows machine coolant driven by the pump 5 to flow in the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A and intermediate heat exchanger 4 by opening the two-way valve 21 E and closing the two-way valves 21 C, 21 D. If the two-way valve 21 A is opened and the two-way valve 21 B is closed then machine coolant flows in the machine coolant circuit 41 A; and if the two-way valve 21 A is closed and the two-way valve 21 B is opened, then the machine coolant flows in the machine coolant circuit 41 B.
the switching dampers 52 , 53 within the indoor unit 42 are set as shown in FIG. 6 so that the air suctioned in by the air in/out port 43 A passes through the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A, the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 , the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 B and is blown out from the air in/out port 43 B.
Machine coolant warmed by the heating element 9 circulates in this indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A so that the temperature of the air passing through the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A rises.
the air in/out port 43 B connects to the interior (inside of vehicle) and adjusts the interior temperature.
the waste heat from the heating element 9 can be utilized for heating air conditioning as described above so that the refrigeration cycle circuit 90 is not used for heating air conditioning. Utilizing this waste heat allows air conditioning that cuts energy consumption. Closing the two-way valve 21 A, and opening the two-way valve 21 B allows the machine coolant flow in the machine coolant circuit 41 B and utilizing the waste heat from the heating element 9 B for heating air conditioning so that energy consumption can be even further suppressed.
the refrigerating cycle circuit 90 can be jointly added to the waste heat from the heating elements 9 A, 9 B.
the four-way valve 19 and the three-way valve 20 are connected as shown in FIG. 6
the dispensing valve 10 of compressor 1 is connected to the intermediate heat exchanger 4 and the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7
the intake pipe 11 is connected to the outdoor heat exchanger 2 .
the expansion valve 22 A is fully closed
the expansion valve 22 B is fully opened, so that no air conditioning coolant flows in the intermediate heat exchanger 4 and flows only in the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 .
the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 serves as a condenser
the outdoor heat exchanger 2 serves as an evaporator.
the air conditioning coolant compressed by the compressor 1 is condensed and liquefied by heat discharge in the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 .
the air conditioning coolant is evaporated and gasified by heat exchange with the vehicle outside air in the outdoor heat exchanger 2 and returned to the compressor 1 .
the air suctioned in by the air in/out port 43 A as described above, is heated in the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A by the machine coolant flowing in the machine coolant circuit 41 .
the air further heated by heat exchange in the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 mounted on the downstream side is blown from the air in/out port 43 B to the inside.
the air blown to the inside in this way is therefore further heated in refrigerating cycle circuit 90 after being heated by waste heat from the heating element 9 .
the heating of the air by utilizing this refrigerating cycle circuit 90 supplements the heated air temperature that might not be fully heated by waste heat from the heating element 9 to attain an air conditioning device having minimal energy consumption.
the air flow of the indoor fan 8 In order to regulate the air temperature of the air blown from the air in/out port 43 B, the air flow of the indoor fan 8 , the flow rate of the pump 5 , the rotation speed of the compressor 1 , the degree of opening of the expansion valve 22 B, and air flow of the outdoor fan 3 may be regulated. If the blown air is a lower temperature than the target temperature, the air flow of the indoor fan 8 may be increased, the flow rate of the pump 5 may be increased, the rotation speed of the compressor 1 may be increased, the degree of opening of the expansion valve 22 B may be widened, and the air flow of the indoor fan 3 may be increased.
the air flow of the indoor fan 8 may be decreased, the flow rate of the pump 5 may be decreased, the rotation speed of the compressor 1 may be decreased, the degree of opening of the expansion valve 22 B may be narrowed, and the air flow of the indoor fan 3 may be decreased. Not all of the actuators need be regulated, and regulating at least one of the actuators is sufficient.
the heating air conditioning and machine cooling operation is an operation to cool the heating element 9 and heat the interior of the vehicle, and is described while referring to FIG. 7 .
the heating air conditioning and machine cooling operation if the machine coolant can be maintained at the target temperature or below by heat discharge in the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A then a temperature rise in the heating element 9 can be prevented.
the heat discharged from the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A is inadequate or if temporarily lowering the temperature of the machine coolant as described later on then the machine cooling by utilizing the refrigerating cycle circuit 90 is required.
the four-way valve 19 and the three-way valve 20 are connected as shown in FIG. 7 , the dispensing pipe 10 of compressor 1 connects to the outdoor heat exchanger 2 and the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 , and the intake pipe 11 connects to the intermediate heat exchanger 4 .
the expansion valve 23 is fully closed, and the expansion valve 22 B fully opened to prevent the air conditioning coolant from flowing into the outdoor heat exchanger 2 .
the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 functions as a condenser and the intermediate heat exchanger 4 functions as an evaporator.
the air conditioning coolant compressed by the compressor 1 is condensed and liquefied by the heat discharged in the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 .
the air conditioning coolant is evaporated and gasified by heat exchange with the machine coolant flowing in the machine coolant circuit 41 in the intermediate heat exchanger 4 , and returned to the compressor 1 .
Heat exchange between the machine coolant and the air conditioning coolant take place in the intermediate heat exchanger 4 , which cools the machine coolant.
the machine coolant circuit 41 allows machine coolant driven by the pump 5 to flow in the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A and the intermediate heat exchanger 4 by opening the two-way valve 21 E, and closing the two-way valves 21 C, 21 D. If the two-way valve 21 A is opened, and the two-way valve 21 B is closed, the machine coolant flows into the machine coolant circuit 41 A; and if the two-way valve 21 A is closed and the two-way valve 21 B is opened then the machine coolant flows in the machine coolant circuit 41 B.
the switching dampers 52 , 53 within the indoor unit 42 are set as shown in FIG. 7 , so that the air suctioned in by the air in/out port 43 A passes through the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A, indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 , and indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 B and is blown from the air in/out port 43 B.
the machine coolant heated by the heating element 9 is circulated in this indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A, so that the temperature of the air passing through the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A rises.
the air further heated by the heat exchange in the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 mounted downstream is blown to inside the vehicle from the air in/out port 43 B.
the air blown to the inside in this way is therefore further heated by the refrigerating cycle circuit 90 after being heated by waste heat from the heating element 9 .
the air in/out port 43 B connects to the inside (vehicle interior) by way of a duct not shown in the drawing, to adjust the inside temperature.
the machine coolant can be cooled by heat discharge from the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A and heat exchange by the intermediate heat exchanger 4 .
the air flow of the indoor fan 8 , the flow rate in the pump 5 , the rotation speed of the compressor 1 , the degree of opening of the expansion valve 22 A may be regulated to control the temperature of the air blown from the air in/out port 43 B and the temperature of the machine coolant. If the machine coolant is a higher temperature than a target temperature or the blown air is a lower temperature than the target temperature, the air flow of the indoor fan 8 may be increased, the flow rate of the pump 5 may be increased, the rotation speed of the compressor 1 may be increased, and the degree of opening of the expansion valve 22 A may be widened.
the air flow of the indoor fan 8 may be decreased, the flow rate of the pump 5 may be decreased, the rotation speed of the compressor 1 may be decreased, the degree of opening of the expansion valve 22 A may be narrowed. Not all of the actuators need be regulated, and regulating at least one of the actuators is sufficient.
the dehumidifying operation is an operation to remove the inside humidity and is described while referring to FIG. 8 .
the four-way valve 19 and the three-way valve 20 are connected as shown in FIG. 8 , the dispensing pipe 10 of the compressor 1 connects to the outdoor heat exchanger 2 , and the intake pipe 11 of the compressor 1 connects to the intermediate heat exchanger 4 and the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 .
Fully closing the expansion valve 22 A and fully opening the expansion valve 23 prevents the air conditioning coolant from flowing in the intermediate heat exchanger 4 .
the outdoor heat exchanger 2 functions as a condenser
the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 functions as an evaporator.
the air conditioning coolant compressed by the compressor 1 After the air conditioning coolant compressed by the compressor 1 , is liquefied by heat discharge in the outdoor heat exchanger 2 , the air conditioning coolant passes through the fully open expansion valve 23 and flows into the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 .
the air conditioning coolant flowing into the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 is depressurized by the expansion valve 22 B and reaches a low temperature, low pressure state, and evaporates due to the absorption of heat from the air suctioned into the air in/out port 43 A in the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 , and returns to the compressor 1 by way of the three-way valve 20 .
the machine coolant circuit 41 allows machine coolant driven by the pump 5 to flow in the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 B and intermediate heat exchanger 4 by opening the two-way valve 21 D, and closing the two-way valves 21 C and 21 E. If the two-way valve 21 A is opened and the two-way valve 21 B is closed then machine coolant flows in the machine coolant circuit 41 A; and if the two-way valve 21 A is closed and the two-way valve 21 B is opened, then the machine coolant flows in the machine coolant circuit 41 B.
the switching dampers 52 , 53 within the indoor unit 42 are set as shown in FIG. 8 , so that the air suctioned in by the air in/out port 43 A passes through the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A, indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 , and indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 B and is blown from the air in/out port 43 B.
the air that was suctioned in by the air in/out port 43 A is dehumidified and cooled by heat exchange in the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 .
the machine coolant heated by the heating element 9 is circulated in this indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 B, so that the temperature of the air passing through the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 B rises. So-called reheat dehumidifying operation is in this way possible.
the relative humidity of the air supplied to inside the vehicle is in this way lowered so that the interior space becomes more comfortable.
the air in/out port 43 B connects to the inside (vehicle interior) by way of a duct not shown in the drawing, to adjust the inside temperature.
the heat source for the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 B utilized as the reheating device is the waste heat generated by the heating element 9 . So unlike the case where utilizing a heater or other device for reheating, there is no need to apply new energy and therefore the interior of the vehicle can be made more comfortable without having to increase the power consumption.
the air flow of the indoor fan 8 , the flow rate of the pump 5 , the rotation speed of the compressor 1 , the degree of opening of the expansion valve 22 B, and the air flow of the outdoor fan 3 may be regulated in order to control the reheat quantity.
the air flow of the indoor fan 8 may be increased, the flow rate of the pump 5 may be increased, the rotation speed of the compressor 1 may be increased, the degree of opening of the expansion valve 22 D may be widened, and the air flow of the indoor fan 8 may be increased.
the air flow of the indoor fan 8 may be decreased, the flow rate of the pump 5 may be decreased, the rotation speed of the compressor 1 may be decreased, the degree of opening of the expansion valve 22 B may be narrowed, and the air flow of the outdoor fan 3 may be decreased. Not all of the actuators need be controlled, and just controlling at least one actuator is sufficient.
the heating air conditioning and dehumidifying is an operation to heat the interior and to dehumidify, and is described while referring to FIG. 9 .
the four-way valve 19 and the three-way valve 20 are connected as shown in FIG. 9 , the dispensing pipe 10 of the compressor 1 connects to the intermediate heat exchanger 4 , and the intake pipe 11 of the compressor 1 connects to the outdoor heat exchanger 2 and the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 .
Fully opening the expansion valve 22 A, and fully closing the expansion valve 23 prevents the air conditioning coolant from flowing into the outdoor heat exchanger 2 .
the intermediate heat exchanger 4 functions as a condenser
the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 functions as an evaporator.
the air conditioning coolant compressed by the compressor 1 After the air conditioning coolant compressed by the compressor 1 , is liquefied by heat discharge from the intermediate heat exchanger 4 , the air conditioning coolant passes through the fully opened expansion valve 22 A and flows into the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 .
the air conditioning coolant flowing into the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 is depressurized by the expansion valve 22 B and reaches a low temperature, low pressure state, and evaporates due to the absorption of heat from the air suctioned into the air in/out port 43 A in the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 , and returns to the compressor 1 by way of the three-way valve 20 .
heat exchange takes place between the machine coolant and the air conditioning coolant so that the machine coolant is heated.
the machine coolant circuit 41 allows machine coolant driven by the pump 5 to flow in the intermediate heat exchanger 4 and indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 B by opening the two-way valve 21 D, and closing the two-way valves 21 C and 21 E. If the two-way valve 21 A is opened and the two-way valve 21 B is closed then machine coolant flows in the machine coolant circuit 41 A; and if the two-way valve 21 A is closed and the two-way valve 21 B is opened, then the machine coolant flows in the machine coolant circuit 41 B. If a large amount of waste heat from the heating element 9 is utilized, then the two-way valve 21 A should be closed and the two-way valve 21 B should be opened.
the switching dampers 52 , 53 within the indoor unit 42 are set as shown in FIG. 9 , so that the air suctioned in by the air in/out port 43 A passes through the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A, indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 , and indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 B and is blown from the air in/out port 43 B.
the air that was suctioned in by the air in/out port 43 A is dehumidified and cooled by heat exchange in the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 .
the machine coolant heated by the heating element 9 and the intermediate heat exchanger 4 is circulated in this indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 B, so that the temperature of the air passing through the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 B rises.
the heating air conditioning and dehumidifying operation is in this way possible.
the air in/out port 43 B connects to the inside (vehicle interior) by way of a duct not shown in the drawing, to adjust the inside temperature.
the air flow of the indoor fan 8 , the flow rate of the pump 5 , the rotation speed of the compressor 1 , the degree of opening of the expansion valve 22 B may be regulated. If the blown air is a lower temperature than the target temperature, the air flow of the indoor fan 8 may be increased, the flow rate of the pump 5 may be increased, the rotation speed of the compressor 1 may be increased, and the degree of opening of the expansion valve 22 B may be widened.
the air flow of the indoor fan 8 may be decreased, the flow rate of the pump 5 may be decreased, the rotation speed of the compressor 1 may be decreased, and the degree of opening of the expansion valve 22 B may be narrowed. Not all of the actuators need be regulated, and regulating at least one of the actuators is sufficient.
the heating element 9 must sometimes be pre-warmed in situations as engine starting in winter season with low outside air temperatures.
Machine heating operation is an operation to warm the heating element 9 without utilizing the indoor air conditioning and is described while referring to FIG. 10 .
the four-way valve 19 and the three-way valve 20 are connected as shown in FIG. 10 , and the dispensing pipe 10 of the compressor 1 is connected to the intermediate heat exchanger 4 and the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 , and the intake pipe 11 of the compressor 1 is connected to the outdoor heat exchanger 2 .
Fully opening the expansion valve 22 A and fully closing the expansion valve 22 B prevents the air conditioning coolant from flowing into the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 .
the intermediate heat exchanger 4 functions as a condenser and the outdoor heat exchanger 2 functions as an evaporator.
the air conditioning coolant compressed by the compressor 1 After the air conditioning coolant compressed by the compressor 1 , is liquefied by heat radiating from the intermediate heat exchanger 4 , the air conditioning coolant passes through the fully opened expansion valve 22 A and flows into the outdoor heat exchanger 2 .
the air conditioning coolant flowing into the outdoor heat exchanger 2 is depressurized by the expansion valve 23 and reaches a low temperature, low pressure state, and evaporates due to the absorption of heat from the outside air in the outdoor heat exchanger 2 , and returns to the compressor 1 .
heat exchange takes place between the machine coolant and the air conditioning coolant so that the machine coolant is heated.
the machine coolant circuit 41 closes the two-way valves 21 D, 21 E, and opens the two-way valve 21 C to prevent machine coolant driven by the pump 5 from flowing into the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A and 6 B. If the two-way valve 21 A is opened and the two-way valve 21 B is closed then machine coolant flows in the machine coolant circuit 41 A; and if the two-way valve 21 A is closed and the two-way valve 21 B is opened, then the machine coolant flows in the machine coolant circuit 41 B. The two-way valve 21 A or 21 B is opened to allow the machine coolant to flow to the heating element 9 for heating.
the refrigerating cycle circuit 90 heats the machine coolant so that the heating element 9 can be heated by circulating this machine coolant.
the indoor unit 42 does not suction in air or dispense air and does not drive the indoor fan 8 . Also, the indoor cooling heat exchangers 6 A and 6 B, and the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 do not respectively allow machine coolant and air conditioning coolant to flow so there is no heat exchange.
the flow rate of the pump 5 , the rotation speed of compressor 1 , the degree of opening of the expansion valve 23 , and the air flow of the outdoor fan 3 may be regulated in order to control the heating quantity.
the flow rate of the pump 5 may be increased, the rotation speed of the compressor 1 may be increased, the degree of opening of the expansion valve 23 may be widened, and the air flow of the outdoor fan 3 may be increased in order to increase the heat quantity.
the flow rate of the pump 5 may be decreased, the rotation speed of the compressor 1 may be decreased, the degree of opening of the expansion valve 23 may be narrowed, and the air flow of the outdoor fan 3 may be decreased in order to decrease the heat quantity.
frost on the outdoor heat exchanger 2 is unavoidable in the heating air conditioning operation shown in FIG. 6 and the machine heating operation shown in FIG. 10 .
Defrosting operation is an operation to temporarily switch from heating air conditioning operation and machine heating operation to remove frost on the outdoor heat exchanger 2 and is described while referring to FIG. 11 .
the four-way valve 19 and the three-way valve 20 are connected as shown in FIG. 11 , and the dispensing pipe 10 of the compressor 1 is connected to the outdoor heat exchanger 2 and the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 , and the intake pipe 11 of the compressor 1 is connected to the intermediate heat exchanger 4 .
the expansion valves 23 , 22 B are set to fully open. In other words, the outdoor heat exchanger 2 and the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 function as condensers and the intermediate heat exchanger 4 functions as an evaporator.
the air conditioning coolant compressed by the compressor 1 After the air conditioning coolant compressed by the compressor 1 , is liquefied by heat discharge in the outdoor heat exchanger 2 and the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 , the air conditioning coolant passes through the fully opened expansion valves 22 B, 23 and flows into the intermediate heat exchanger 4 .
the frost attached to the outdoor heat exchanger 2 can in this way be removed.
the air conditioning coolant flowing into the intermediate heat exchanger 4 is depressurized by the expansion valve 22 A and reaches a low temperature, low pressure state, and evaporates due to absorption of heat in the intermediate heat exchanger 4 , and returns to the compressor 1 .
heat exchange takes place between the machine coolant and the air conditioning coolant so that the machine coolant is cooled.
the machine coolant circuit 41 closes the two-way valves 21 D, 21 E, and opens the two-way valve 21 C to prevent the machine coolant driven by the pump 5 from flowing into the indoor cooling heat exchangers 6 A and 6 B. If the two-way valve 21 A is opened and the two-way valve 21 B is closed then machine coolant flows in the machine coolant circuit 41 A; and if the two-way valve 21 A is closed and the two-way valve 21 B is opened, then the machine coolant flows in the machine coolant circuit 41 B.
the refrigerating cycle 90 cools the machine coolant so that the heating element 9 can be cooled by circulating this machine coolant.
the switching dampers 52 , 53 within the indoor unit 42 are set as shown in FIG. 11 , so that the air suctioned in by the air in/out port 43 A passes through the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A, indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 , and indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 B and is blown from the air in/out port 43 B.
the machine coolant is not circulated within the indoor cooling heat exchangers 6 A and 6 B so that there are no fluctuations in the temperature of the air passing through the indoor cooling heat exchangers 6 A, 6 B.
the air suctioned in by the air in/out port 43 A is heated by heat exchange in the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 and is blown from the air in/out port 43 B to inside the vehicle. Warm air can in this way be blown inside the vehicle even during defrosting operation.
the air in/out port 43 B connects to the inside of the vehicle (vehicle interior) by way of a duct not shown in the drawing and adjusts the temperature inside the vehicle.
the air flow of the indoor fan 8 , the flow rate of the pump 5 , the rotation speed of the compressor 1 , the degree of opening of the expansion valve 22 A, and the air flow of the outdoor fan 3 may be controlled.
the air flow of the indoor fan 8 may be increased, the flow rate of the pump 5 may be increased, the rotation speed of the compressor 1 may be increased, the degree of opening of the expansion valve 22 A may be widened, and the air flow of the outdoor fan 3 may be increased.
the air flow of the indoor fan 8 may be decreased, the flow rate of the pump 5 may be decreased, the rotation speed of the compressor 1 may be decreased, the degree of opening of the expansion valve 22 A may be narrowed, and the air flow of the outdoor fan 3 may be decreased. Not all of the actuators need be regulated, and regulating at least one of the actuators is sufficient.
the air When dehumidifying, as shown in FIG. 12 , the air must first be cooled and dehumidified in the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 , and the air next warmed in the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 B.
the heating air conditioning utilizes the waste heat of the heating element 9 in the heat exchangers arrayed as shown in FIG. 12 is described.
the temperature of the air heated in the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 will drop in the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 B in a state where the machine coolant was not sufficiently warmed.
the machine coolant flowing into the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 B is low in this way, the machine coolant is set so as not to flow into the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 B. In other words, heating air conditioning operation that utilizes the waste heat is not performed.
the air should preferably pass in sequence through the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A and the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 as shown in FIG. 13 .
the reason is that the air temperature in the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 can be raised even further, after the air temperature was raised by the machine coolant in the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A. If the temperature of the machine coolant is raised even slightly by the heating element 9 , then heating air conditioning operation that utilizes the waste heat can be implemented. An air conditioning system with low energy consumption can in this way be achieved.
dehumidifying operation is not performed during the passage of air as shown in FIG. 13 .
the heat exchange is therefore switched to the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A or (indoor cooling heat exchanger) 6 B according to the operating mode.
heat exchange is switched to the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 B as shown in FIG. 12 for dehumidifying operation and heating air conditioning and dehumidifying operation; and heat exchange is switched to the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A as shown in FIG. 13 for all other operating modes.
the switching dampers 52 , 53 are installed so that the air warmed by heat exchange in the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A does not enter the vehicle interior.
the structure of the indoor unit 42 is described next while referring to FIG. 14 .
the indoor unit 42 as shown in FIG. 14 is comprised of the indoor cooling heat exchangers 6 A, 6 B in which the machine coolant flows to perform heat exchange with the air, the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 in which the air conditioning coolant flows to perform heat exchange with the air, the indoor fan 8 for suction of air into the indoor unit 42 , and the switching dampers 52 , 53 for switching the flow of air within the indoor unit 42 .
the indoor cooling heat exchangers 6 A, 6 B are respectively installed on the upstream and downstream sides of the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 ; and the switching dampers 52 , 53 and the indoor fan 8 are installed between the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 and the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A.
the indoor unit 42 suctions air by way of the indoor fan 8 from the air intake ports 43 A and 43 D and blows air from the air dispensing ports 43 B, 43 C.
the switching damper 51 is installed on the upstream side of the air intake ports 43 A and 43 D and switches between suctioning in air to the inside from the indoor air intake port 54 or suctioning in air from the outside from the outdoor air intake port 55 .
the air dispensing port 43 B for blowing air into the interior (inside of vehicle), and the air blow to the inside is switchable to sections such as the driver's feet section or the front glass by way of a duct not shown in the drawing.
the air dispensing port 43 C blows air to the outside (outside of vehicle) by way of a duct not shown in the drawing.
the switching damper 52 is capable of adjusting the air flow suctioned from the air intake port 43 D, and is able to vary the degree of the damper opening.
the air suctioned in from the air intake port 43 D passes through the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 and the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 B without passing through the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A, and is blown out from the air dispensing port 43 B into the interior (inside of vehicle).
the switching damper 53 blows the air suctioned from the air intake port 43 A to outside the vehicle from the air dispensing port 43 C or to the inside (interior of vehicle) from the air dispensing port 43 B after passing through the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A.
the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A, switching damper 53 , air dispensing port 43 C, and outdoor air intake port 55 are mounted outside (within the engine frame), and are capable of blowing air to outside the vehicle without the air from air dispensing port 43 C flowing inside the vehicle.
This switching damper 51 position is a setting for carrying out the so-called intake of outside air. Cooling air conditioning (AC), heating air conditioning (AC), heating (AC) and machine cooling, dehumidifying, heating (AC) and dehumidifying, and defrosting operations are performed in this damper setting.
This switching damper 51 position is a setting for carrying out the so-called internal air circulation. Cooling air conditioning (AC), heating air conditioning (AC), heating (AC) and machine cooling, dehumidifying, heating (AC) and dehumidifying, and defrosting operations are performed in this damper setting.
this switching damper 51 is a setting for carrying out the so-called intake of outside air however may also circulate the internal air. Cooling air conditioning and machine cooling operation are carried out in this damper setting.
indoor unit 42 structure was shown above however other structures may be utilized if the same effect can be obtained.
the heating element 9 mounted in the machine coolant circuit 41 is a device necessary for adjusting the temperature to within a specified range during vehicular operation in devices mounted in the vehicle.
a specific example of a heating element 9 includes a drive motor 73 , an inverter 72 for driving that drive motor 73 , a drive battery 76 , and a gearbox mounted in the drive system.
FIG. 18 is a list showing the conditions for the object for temperature adjustment.
the vehicle interior and the heating element 9 are objects for temperature adjustment, and the motor 73 , inverter 72 , battery 76 , and gearbox are shown for the heating element 9 .
the interior of the vehicle is air conditioned as needed by cooling/heating air conditioning and dehumidifying based on the temperature settings and the outside air temperature, etc. However, the air conditioning may be stopped or weakened in some cases in order to cool the heating element 9 .
the temperature of the motor 73 and inverter 72 generally become higher when generating a high torque.
the high torque output time must therefore be limited in order to not to exceed the specified temperature range.
the high torque output time can be extended by boosting the cooling performance of the motor 73 and inverter 72 .
the temperature of the machine coolant circulating within the motor 73 and inverter 72 is regulated for example to 60° C. or below.
the temperature of the battery 76 is preferably maintained within a specified temperature range in order to exhibit satisfactory charging-discharging performance or in other words to improve the charging-discharging efficiency. Warming up (machine heating) is therefore required when the battery cell temperature is low (for example during engine starting when the outside temperature is low), and cooling is required when the battery cell temperature has become too high due to the heat emitted from the battery itself.
the parallel rows of gear teeth in the gearbox are in a state where steeped in lubricating oil.
the viscosity of the lubricating oil within the gearbox case affects the (mechanical) loss during driving, and when the lubricating oil temperature is low (during engine starting when the outside temperatures is low, etc.) so that the stirring (or agitation) loss increases when the gears stir the lubricating oil.
the lubricating oil temperature is too high, a satisfactory oil film cannot form on the intermeshing surfaces of the gear teeth so there is large friction loss. Warming up (machine heating) is therefore necessary during cold season (or winter season) engine starting and heat discharge from the gearbox must be promoted when the lubricating oil temperature is high.
FIG. 19 is a drawing showing placement of the heating element 9 that is different from FIG. 2 .
Plural heating elements may be installed, or may be placed in a parallel, or may be placed in series in the machine coolant circuit 41 .
the devices may be grouped into devices requiring warm up (battery 76 , gearbox) and devices not requiring warm up (inverter 72 , motor 73 ).
the inverter 72 and motor 72 for example are the heating element 9 A
the battery 76 is the heating element 9 C
the gearbox is the heating element 9 B.
the two-way valves 21 A, 21 B, 21 F are installed in each of the device cooling circuits. Utilizing this type of placement allows adjusting to a satisfactory temperature on each line.
the heating elements can be placed in parallel however such a placement is not desirable since an increased number of parts are utilized.
the battery 76 and gearbox may be arrayed in series however in view of the fact that in a typical vehicle mounting state the drive battery is typically mounted below the seat, and the gearbox is installed in the vicinity of the drive shaft, the structure as shown in FIG. 19 is preferable.
the air conditioner 60 allows separately regulating the machine cooling and heating of heating elements 9 such as the vehicular air conditioner and motor and inverter.
the air conditioning control device 61 can control the air conditioner 60 so that the vehicle interior temperature and the temperature of devices requiring temperature adjustment can attain their respective temperature settings.
air conditioning control device 61 loads the vehicle operating information (vehicle speed information, acceleration opening information, etc.) and drive schedule information 65 , and controls the air conditioner 60 based on that information and the temperature 63 for devices requiring temperature adjustment and the vehicle indoor temperature 62 .
This flow for example, predicts temperature fluctuations in the vehicle interior and device requiring temperature adjustment and by changing the temperature settings for the air conditioning coolant and machine coolant in advance based on that prediction, can efficiently perform cooling and warm up in each device for ideal control of the device temperatures.
FIG. 20 is a flowchart of the control processing program in the air conditioning control device 61 .
the microcomputer installed in the air conditioning control device 61 implements the processing shown in FIG. 20 in sequence, by the software processing. Turning on the vehicle ignition key switch starts the processing of the program shown in FIG. 20 by the microcomputer.
step S 1 the processing sets the default temperature setting for the air conditioning coolant utilized for the vehicular air conditioning and the machine coolant utilized in the cooling and heating of the heating element 9 .
the default temperature for example is a temperature assumed correct for driving on a level road at a specified speed and a normal outside air temperature.
step S 2 the processing decides whether there is an air conditioning system drive instruction. If the vehicular air conditioning system is a driven by a structure on and off vehicle switching, then the presence of an air conditioning system drive instruction is determined by whether the vehicle on/off switch has been set to on or not. If a NO is decided in step S 2 , the program in FIG. 20 ends. However if a YES was decided in step S 2 , then the processing proceeds to step S 3 .
step S 3 temperature fluctuations in the vehicle, heating element or air conditioning coolant or machine coolant that are the objects for temperature adjustment are predicted based on at least one from among the vehicle operating information 64 , the (drive) schedule information 65 , detection temperature of each heating element 9 and detection temperature of the coolant.
step S 4 a decision is made on whether the temperature setting of the air conditioning coolant and machine coolant must be changed based on the predicted temperature fluctuation found in step S 3 .
step S 4 If decided in step S 4 that the temperature setting must be changed, the processing proceeds to step S 5 , changes the coolant temperature setting, and the processing proceeds to step S 6 . On the other hand, if the predicted temperature is calculated and decided that no change is necessary, then step S 5 is skipped and the processing proceeds to step S 6 .
step S 6 each actuator of the air conditioner 60 shown in FIG. 1 is controlled so as to change the current temperature of the coolant based on the changed temperature setting.
step S 6 the processing attempted to change the temperature setting of the coolant in step S 4 through step S 6 , however the temperature setting of the heating element 9 (within vehicle, each device) may be changed instead.
the vehicle status and the changing the temperature setting of the heating element 9 serving as the object requiring temperature adjustment is described while referring to FIG. 21 .
the vehicle status is based on the vehicle operating information 64 which includes detection signals from acceleration sensor and vehicle speed sensor, and (drive) schedule information 65 from the navigation device.
vehicle operating information 64 which includes detection signals from acceleration sensor and vehicle speed sensor, and (drive) schedule information 65 from the navigation device.
nine types of vehicle status including: during charging, before starting driving, before vehicle starts moving, acceleration/deceleration and before and during driving mountain roads, during driving on ordinary roads, before and during driving on high-speed roads, before temporary stops (e.g. waiting for signal to change, traffic jams, etc.), before vehicle stops, while vehicle is stopped were described, however the objects for air conditioning are not limited to these vehicle states. Moreover, the objects for air conditioning are the vehicle interior, motor, inverter, battery, and gearbox.
the driver's intent can be determined from the vehicle operating information 64 (vehicle speed, acceleration opening).
vehicle operating information 64 vehicle speed, acceleration opening.
the (drive) schedule information 65 is road information (traffic jam situation, road gradient) to the target destination and target destination information from the navigation device.
the amount of heat emitted from the heating element 9 is predicted from the expected motor output and vehicle internal air conditioning output, and changes made to temperature setting within the vehicle and temperature setting for the object device for temperature adjustment.
the temperature setting for the motor and inverter are lowered in order to cool motor and inverter beforehand. If mountain road driving is predicted from the (drive) schedule information 65 then the temperature setting for the motor and the inverter is lowered below the default setting.
the default setting is a setting assumed for ordinary driving on a level road.
the flow of machine coolant is regulated and heating or cooling air conditioning performed so as to reach a specified temperature range for satisfactory charging/discharging without changing the battery temperature setting.
the gearbox temperature setting is also left unchanged.
the (engine) warm-up or the cooling is regulated so that the battery temperature during charging reaches the specified temperature range without changing the temperature setting. There is no cooling-heating air conditioning and no cooling or warm-up of the vehicle interior, motor, inverter, and gearbox.
this status assumes that the battery of the parked vehicle will be charged from the AC power supply.
the interior of the vehicle is cooled or heated by air conditioning from an AC power supply in advance so that the vehicle interior temperature will be comfortable before driving starts.
the motor output increases the same as during mountain road driving so that the air conditioning and temperature settings are regulated the same as when driving mountain roads.
the temperature settings for the motor, inverter, and battery are set the same as for before a temporary stop.
the cooling and heating air conditioning inside the vehicle and the cooling and warm-up of the gearbox are stopped in advance to save energy.
the temperature fluctuation is predicted in step S 3 , and the temperature setting (target temperature) of the coolant changed based on the that prediction data.
the vehicle status shown in FIG. 21 can be predicted from the vehicle operating information 64 and the (drive) schedule information and changing the temperature setting may be directly determined from that prediction data.
the control device for electric cars is comprised of a vehicular control device 70 to control the entire vehicle, an air conditioning control device 61 to control the air conditioner 60 , a drive controller device 71 to control driving of a motor 73 , an inverter 72 , and the brake 74 , and a battery control device 75 to manage the power of the battery 76 .
a vehicular control device 70 to control the entire vehicle
an air conditioning control device 61 to control the air conditioner 60
a drive controller device 71 to control driving of a motor 73
an inverter 72 to control the brake 74
a battery control device 75 to manage the power of the battery 76 .
the air conditioning control device 61 controls the switching operation in the air conditioner 60 described above in FIG. 3 through FIG. 11 and regulates the temperature of the machine coolant and the air conditioning coolant shown in FIG. 20 .
the air conditioning control device 61 is integrated into a single unit with the air conditioner 60 or made a structure integrated with a section of the air conditioner 60 then the mounting capability of this equipment into the vehicle can be improved.
forming at least one among the vehicular control device 70 , the drive controller device 71 , and the battery control device 75 into an integrated structure with the air conditioning control device 61 will allow eliminating wiring between control devices and clamping hardware for installation in the vehicle.
a heater is installed instead of the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 B shown in the above described embodiment.
FIG. 23 is a drawing showing the overall structure of the air conditioner 60 of another embodiment of the present invention.
the air conditioner 60 includes a refrigeration cycle circuit 90 for circulating the air conditioning coolant (e.g. refrigerant) to cool the heating element 9 and for indoor air conditioning the same as for the air conditioner shown in FIG. 2 ; and a machine coolant circuit 41 to circulate the machine coolant (e.g. cooling water) for cooling the heating element 9 .
the air conditioning coolant e.g. refrigerant
machine coolant circuit 41 to circulate the machine coolant (e.g. cooling water) for cooling the heating element 9 .
a compressor 1 to compress the coolant, an outdoor heat exchanger 2 to carry out heat exchange between the air conditioning coolant and the outside air, an intermediate heat exchanger 4 within the branching refrigerating cycle circuit 90 A to carry out heat exchange between the air conditioning coolant and the machine coolant flowing within the machine coolant circuit 41 ; and an indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 within the refrigerating cycle circuit 90 B to carry out heat exchange between the air conditioning coolant and the vehicle interior air are connected to the refrigerating cycle circuit 90 by way of a fluid pipe for circulating the air conditioning coolant.
a four-way valve 19 is installed between the intake pipe 11 and the dispensing pipe 10 of the compressor 1 . Switching the four-way valve 19 allows connecting either of the intake pipe 11 and dispensing pipe 10 to the outdoor heat exchanger 2 , and connecting the other to the intermediate heat exchanger 4 and the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 .
the four-way valve 19 shown in FIG. 23 connects the dispensing pipe 10 to the outdoor heat exchanger 2 , and connects the dispensing pipe 11 to the intermediate heat exchanger 4 .
the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 is connected to the outdoor heat exchanger 2 , and the other end is connected by way of the three-way valve 20 to allow switching to either of the intake pipe 11 or the dispensing pipe 10 of the compressor 1 .
the expansion valves 23 , 22 A, 22 B functioning as the flow rate control method for the air conditioning coolant are respectively mounted on the side not connected to the compressor 1 of the outdoor heat exchanger 2 , between the intermediate heat exchanger 4 and the outdoor heat exchanger 2 , and between the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 and the outdoor heat exchanger 2 .
the outdoor heat exchanger 2 contains an outside air fan 3 for blowing outside air.
the machine coolant circuit 41 is connected in sequence in a ring-shaped layout to an indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A to perform heat exchange between the vehicle interior air flow and the machine coolant, the intermediate heat exchanger 4 , the pump 5 to circulate the machine coolant within the machine coolant circuit 41 , and the heating element 9 as the device requiring temperature adjustment.
a bypass circuit 41 C functioning as a bypass on both ends of the indoor coolant exchanger 6 A is mounted in the machine coolant circuit 41 .
a two-way valve 21 C is mounted along the bypass circuit 41 C, a two-way valve 21 E is mounted on the circuit 41 E passing through the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A.
the opening and closing action of these two-way valves 21 C, 21 E allows switching the flow paths for the machine coolant.
the two-way valves are connected as shown in FIG. 23 in the machine coolant circuit 41 in order to regulate the temperature of the plural heating elements 9 A, 9 B.
a two-way valve 21 B is installed in the machine coolant circuit 41 B containing the heating element 9 B, and a two-way valve 21 A is installed in the machine coolant circuit 41 A not passing through the heating element 9 B.
the temperature of both the heating elements 9 A, 9 B can in this way be regulated when the two-way valve 21 A is closed and the two-way valve 21 B is opened.
the temperature of the heating element 9 A can be regulated when the two-way valve 21 A is opened and the two-way valve 2 B is closed.
Plural heating elements 9 may even be connected in series at the heating element 9 A position.
the method for connecting the heating elements 9 , and the method for installing the two-way valves can be changed according to the heating element temperature conditions.
the indoor unit 42 blowing the temperature-regulated air contains the indoor fans 8 A, 8 B to suction indoor (in-vehicle) or outdoor (outside the vehicle) air, and blow the air to inside the vehicle or outside the vehicle, an indoor coolant heat exchanger 6 A, the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 , the switching damper 53 to blow the air that was heat-exchanged in the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A to inside the vehicle or outside the vehicle, a heater 56 to warm the air that was heat-exchanged by the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 , and the air in/out ports 43 A, 43 B, 43 C, 43 D to suction the vehicle inside or vehicle outside air, or blow air to inside the vehicle or outside the vehicle.
the heater 56 is an electrical heater, and is switched on or off by applying or cutting off the electrical power.
the temperature of the heating element 9 is adjusted by the pump circulating the machine coolant.
the operation of the other machines varies according to the heat amount emitted from the air conditioning load and the heating element 9 .
the machine cooling, cooling air conditioning, cooling air conditioning+machine cooling, heating air conditioning, heating air conditioning+machine cooling, dehumidifying, machine heating, and defrosting operation are described.
Machine cooling operation is the operation to cool the heating element 9 in a state where there is no vehicle indoor air conditioning and is described while referring to FIG. 24 . This operation is utilized when the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A is only cooling the machine coolant circulating in the machine coolant circuit 41 ; and when the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A and intermediate heat exchanger 4 are cooling the machine coolant.
Closing the two-way valve 21 C and opening the two-way valve 21 E in the machine coolant circuit 41 causes the machine coolant driven by the pump 5 to circulate in the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A and the intermediate heat exchanger 4 .
Machine coolant flows in the machine coolant circuit 41 A when the two-way valve 21 B is closed, and the two-way valve 21 A is opened.
Machine coolant flows in the machine coolant circuit 41 B when the two-way valve 21 A is closed and the two-way valve 21 B is opened. If cooling both the heating elements 9 A, 9 B, the two-way valve 21 A is closed and the two-way valve 21 B is opened.
the switching damper 53 within the indoor unit 42 is set so that the air suctioned into by the air in/out port 43 A passes through the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A and is blown from the air in/out port 43 C.
the passage of air through this indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A cools the machine coolant.
the cooling capability can moreover be adjusted by way of the air flow suctioned in by the indoor fan 8 A.
the air in/out port 43 C is configured by way of a duct not shown in the figure so as not to blow warm air into the vehicle.
the four-way valve 19 and the three-way valve 20 are connected as shown in FIG. 24 , and the dispensing pipe 10 of the compressor 1 is connected to the outdoor heat exchanger 2 , and the intake pipe 11 of the compressor 1 is connected to the intermediate heat exchanger 4 and the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 .
the expansion valve 22 B is fully closed so that no air conditioning coolant flows into the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 .
the outdoor heat exchanger 2 in other words serves as a condenser and the intermediate heat exchanger 4 serves as an evaporator.
the air conditioning coolant compressed by the compressor 1 After the air conditioning coolant compressed by the compressor 1 is liquefied by the heat radiating from the outdoor heat exchanger 2 , the air conditioning coolant passes through the fully opened expansion valve 23 and flows into the intermediate heat exchanger 4 .
the air conditioning coolant flowing into the intermediate heat exchanger 4 is depressurized by the expansion valve 22 A and reaches a low temperature, low pressure state, and the machine coolant in the machine coolant circuit 41 evaporates from the absorption of heat in the intermediate heat exchanger 4 , and returns by way of the four-way valve 19 to the compressor 1 .
Heat exchange between the machine coolant and the air conditioning coolant takes place in the intermediate heat exchanger 4 by utilizing the refrigeration cycle circuit 90 to cool the machine coolant.
the machine coolant can in this way be cooled by the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A and the intermediate heat exchanger 4 .
the machine coolant is cooled only in the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A without utilizing the refrigeration cycle circuit 90
the machine coolant is cooled in the intermediate heat exchanger 4 and the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A by utilizing the refrigeration cycle circuit 90 .
the temperature of the machine coolant can be regulated by controlling the air flow of the indoor fan 8 A, the flow rate of the pump 5 , the rotation speed of the compressor 1 , the degree of opening of the expansion valve 22 A, and the flow rate of the outdoor fan 3 . If the machine coolant is a higher temperature, the air flow of the indoor fan 8 A may be increased, the flow rate of the pump 5 may be increased, the rotation speed of the compressor 1 may be increased, the degree of opening of the expansion valve 22 A may be widened, and the air flow of the outdoor fan 3 may be increased.
the air flow of the indoor fan 8 A may be decreased, the flow rate of the pump 5 may be decreased, the rotation speed of the compressor 1 may be decreased, the degree of opening of the expansion valve 22 A be narrowed, and the air flow of the outdoor fan 3 may be decreased. Not all of the actuators need be controlled, and just controlling at least one actuator is sufficient.
the cooling air conditioning operation is an operation that cools the interior of the vehicle without cooling the heating element 9 .
the cooling air conditioning operation is described next while referring to FIG. 25 .
the machine coolant circuit 41 causes the pump 5 to drive the machine coolant to flow in the machine coolant circuit 41 C without flowing through the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A, by closing the two-way valve 21 E and opening the two-valve 21 C. In this way, an uneven temperature rise in the machine coolant in the heating element 9 section is prevented by circulating the machine coolant in the machine coolant circuit 41 even if there is no cooling of the heating element 9 . If the two-way valve 21 A is opened and the two-way valve 21 B is closed, the machine coolant flows into the machine coolant circuit 41 A, and if the two-way valve 21 A is closed and the two-way valve 21 B is opened, the machine coolant flows into the machine coolant circuit 41 B.
the switching damper 53 within the indoor unit 42 is set as shown in FIG. 24 so that the air suctioned in by the air in/out port 43 A passes through the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A and the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 , and is blown out from the air in/out port 43 B.
No machine coolant circulates in the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A so that there are no temperature fluctuations in the air passing through the indoor cooling heat exchangers 6 A.
the air in/out port 43 B is connected by a duct not shown in the drawing to regulates the indoor (vehicle interior) temperature.
the four-way valve 19 and the three-way valve 20 are connected as shown in FIG. 25 , the dispensing pipe 10 of the compressor 1 is connected to the outdoor heat exchanger 2 , and the intake pipe 11 of the compressor 1 is connected to the intermediate heat exchanger 4 and the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 .
the expansion valve 22 A is fully closed so that no air conditioning coolant flows into the intermediate heat exchanger 4 .
the outdoor heat exchanger 2 serves as a condenser and the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 serves as an evaporator.
the air conditioning coolant compressed by the compressor 1 After the air conditioning coolant compressed by the compressor 1 is liquefied by the heat discharge in the outdoor heat exchanger 2 , the air conditioning coolant passes through the fully opened expansion valve 23 and flows into the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 .
the air conditioning coolant flowing into the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 is depressurized by the expansion valve 22 B and reaches a low temperature, low pressure state, and evaporates due to the absorption of heat from the air suctioned in by the air in/out port 43 B in the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 , and returns by way of the three-way valve 20 to the compressor 1 .
the air cooled in this way by heat exchange in the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 is blown from the air in/out port 43 B to the interior of the vehicle.
the air flow of the internal fan 8 A, the rotation speed of the compressor 1 , the degree of opening of the expansion valve 22 B, the air flow of the outdoor fan 3 may be regulated in order to adjust the temperature of the air blown from the air in/out port 43 B. If the blown air is a higher temperature than the target temperature, the air flow of the indoor fan 8 A may be increased, the rotation speed of the compressor 1 may be increased, the degree of opening of the expansion valve 22 B may be widened, and the air flow of the indoor fan 3 may be increased.
the air blow is a lower temperature than the target temperature
the air flow of the indoor fan 8 A may be decreased
the rotation speed of the compressor 1 may be decreased
the degree of opening of the expansion valve 22 B may be narrowed
the air flow of the outdoor fan 3 may be decreased. Not all of the actuators need be controlled, and just controlling at least one actuator is sufficient.
the cooling air conditioning and machine cooling is an operation to cool the heating element 9 and to cool air condition the vehicle interior, and is described while referring to FIG. 26 .
This operation includes the case where cooling the machine coolant circulating in the machine coolant circuit 41 just by using the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A, and the case where cooling the machine coolant by using the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A and the intermediate heat exchanger 4 .
the machine coolant circuit 41 is rendered to circulate machine coolant driven by the pump 5 in the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A and the intermediate heat exchanger 4 by closing the two-way valve 21 C and opening the two-way valve 21 E. If the two-way valve 21 A is open, and the two-way valve 21 B is closed, machine coolant flows in the machine coolant circuit 41 A, and if the two-way valve 21 A is closed and the two-way valve 21 B is opened then machine coolant flows in the machine coolant circuit 41 B. If cooling both the heating elements 9 A and 9 B, the two-way valve 21 A is closed, and the two-way valve 21 B is opened.
the switching damper 53 within the indoor unit 42 is set as shown in FIG. 26 , so that the air suctioned in by the air in/out port 43 A passes through the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A and is blown from the air in/out port 43 C.
the air in/out port 43 C is rendered not to blow air inside the vehicle by way of a duct not shown in the drawing.
the air suctioned in from the air in/out port 43 D by the indoor fan 8 B passes through the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 and is blown from the air in/out port 43 B.
the passage of air through the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A can cool the machine coolant.
the air passing through the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 is cooled by the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 and that cooled air is blown inside (inside the vehicle).
the four-way valve 19 and the three-way valve 20 are connected as shown in FIG. 26 , the dispensing pipe 10 of the compressor 1 is connected to the outdoor heat exchanger 2 , and the intake pipe 11 of the compressor 1 is connected to the intermediate heat exchanger 4 and the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 .
the outdoor heat exchanger 2 serves as a condenser and the intermediate heat exchanger 4 and the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 serve as evaporators.
the air conditioning coolant compressed by the compressor 1 After the air conditioning coolant compressed by the compressor 1 , is liquefied by the heat discharge from the outdoor heat exchanger 2 , the air conditioning coolant passes through the fully opened expansion valve 23 and flows into the intermediate heat exchanger 4 and the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 .
the air conditioning coolant flowing into the intermediate heat exchanger 4 is depressurized by the expansion valve 22 A and reaches a low temperature, low pressure state, and evaporates due to the absorption of heat from the machine coolant in the machine coolant circuit 41 in the intermediate heat exchanger 4 , and returns to the compressor 1 by way of the four-way valve 19 . Heat exchange between the machine coolant and air conditioning coolant takes place in this way in the intermediate heat exchanger 4 and cools the machine coolant.
the air conditioning coolant flowing into the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 is depressurized by the expansion valve 22 B, reaches a low temperature, low pressure state, evaporates due to absorption of heat from the air suctioned from the air in/out port 43 D in the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 , and returns to the compressor by way of the three-way valve 20 .
the air that was heat-exchanged and cooled by the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 in this way is blown to inside the vehicle from the air in/out port 43 B.
the cooling air conditioning of the vehicle interior and the cooling of the heating element 9 can both be achieved at the same time by utilizing both the intermediate heat exchanger 4 and the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 as an evaporator.
the intermediate heat exchanger 4 and the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 are moreover connected in parallel with the intake pipe 11 of compressor 1 , and the expansion valves 22 A, 22 B are mounted on the refrigerating cycle circuit 90 A, 90 B so that the flow rates of air conditioning coolant flowing to the intermediate heat exchanger 4 and the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 can each be varied as needed.
the temperature of the machine coolant and the temperature of the air conditioning coolant can consequently be regulated to their respective desired temperatures.
the temperature of machine coolant flowing inside the heating element 9 can therefore be maintained at a high temperature by suppressing the flow rate of coolant flowing into the intermediate heat exchanger 4 , even when the temperature of the air conditioning coolant was sufficiently lowered in order to carry out cooling air conditioning.
the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A and intermediate heat exchanger 4 can cool the machine coolant as described above. If the machine coolant is a lower temperature than the specified temperature, the machine coolant is cooled only in the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A without utilizing the refrigerating cycle circuit 90 ; and if the machine coolant is a higher temperature than a specified temperature the machine coolant is cooled by the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A and intermediate heat exchanger 4 utilizing the refrigerating cycle circuit 90 .
This regulation is implemented by control to adjust the degree of opening of the expansion valve 22 A. If the expansion valve 22 A is fully closed then the air conditioning coolant does not flow to the intermediate heat exchanger 4 so that only the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A cools the machine coolant.
the air flow of the indoor fans 8 A, 8 B, the flow rate of the pump 5 , the rotation speed of the compressor 1 , the degree of opening of the expansion valves 22 A, 22 B, and air flow of the outdoor fan 3 may be regulated in order to control the machine coolant temperature and the temperature of the air blown from the air in/out ports 43 B. If the machine coolant is a higher temperature than the target temperature or the air that is blown is a higher temperature than the target temperature, the air blow of the indoor fans 8 A, 8 B may be increased, the flow rate of the pump 5 may be increased, the rotation speed of the compressor 1 may be increased, the degree of opening of expansion valves 22 A, 22 B may be widened, and the air flow of the outdoor fan 3 may be increased.
the air flow of the indoor fans 8 A, 8 B may be decreased, the flow rate of the pump 5 may be decreased, the rotation speed of compressor 1 may be decreased, the degree of opening of expansion valves 22 A, 22 B may be narrowed, and the air flow of the outdoor fan 3 may be decreased. Not all of the actuators need be regulated, and regulating at least one of the actuators is sufficient.
Heating air conditioning is an operation to warm the interior air of the vehicle without cooling the heating element 9 and is described while referring to FIG. 27 .
the machine coolant circuit 41 allows machine coolant driven by the pump 5 to flow in the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A and the intermediate heat exchanger 4 by opening the two-way valve 21 E and closing the two-way valves 21 C. If the two-way valve 21 A is opened and the two-way valve 21 B is closed then machine coolant flows in the machine coolant circuit 41 A; and if the two-way valve 21 A is closed and the two-way valve 21 B is opened, then the machine coolant flows in the machine coolant circuit 41 B.
the switching damper 53 within the indoor unit 42 are set as shown in FIG. 27 so that the air suctioned in by the air in/out port 43 A passes through the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A and the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 and is blown out from the air in/out port 43 B.
Machine coolant warmed by the heating element 9 circulates in this indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A so that the temperature of the air passing through the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A rises.
the air in/out port 43 B connects to the interior (inside of vehicle) and regulates the interior temperature.
the waste heat from the heating element 9 can be utilized for heating air conditioning as described above so that the refrigeration cycle circuit 90 is not used for heating air conditioning. Utilizing this waste heat allows air conditioning that cuts energy consumption. Closing the two-way valve 21 A, and opening the two-way valve 21 B allows the machine coolant flow in the machine coolant circuit 41 B and utilizing the waste heat from the heating element 9 B for heating air conditioning and so can suppress energy consumption even further.
the refrigerating cycle circuit 90 can be jointly added to the waste heat from the heating elements 9 A, 9 B.
the four-way valve 19 and the three-way valve 20 are connected as shown in FIG. 27
the dispensing pipe 10 of compressor 1 is connected to the intermediate heat exchanger 4 and the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7
the intake pipe 11 is connected to the outdoor heat exchanger 2 .
the expansion valve 22 A is fully closed
the expansion valve 22 B is fully opened, so that no air conditioning coolant flows in the intermediate heat exchanger 4 and flows only in the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 .
the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 serves as a condenser
the outdoor heat exchanger 2 serves as an evaporator.
the air conditioning coolant compressed by the compressor 1 is condensed and liquefied by heat discharge in the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 .
the air conditioning coolant is evaporated and gasified by heat exchange with the vehicle outside air in the outdoor heat exchanger 2 and returned to the compressor 1 .
the air suctioned in by the air in/out port 43 A as described above, is heated in the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A by the machine coolant flowing in the machine coolant circuit 41 .
the air further heated by heat exchange in the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 mounted on the downstream side is blown from the air in/out port 43 B to the inside of the vehicle.
the air blown to the inside in this way is therefore further heated in the refrigerating cycle circuit 90 after being heated by waste heat from the heating element 9 .
the heating of the air by utilizing this refrigerating cycle circuit 90 supplements the heated air temperature that might not be fully heated by waste heat from the heating element 9 to attain an air conditioning device having minimal energy consumption.
the air blown from the air in/out port 43 B can be further heated by turning the heater 56 on.
the air flow of the indoor fan 8 A, the flow rate of the pump 5 , the degree of opening of the expansion valve 22 B, and the air flow of the outdoor fan 3 may be regulated. If the blown air is a lower temperature than the target temperature, the air flow of the indoor fan 8 A may be increased, the flow rate of the pump 5 may be increased, the rotation speed of the compressor 1 may be increased, the degree of opening of the expansion valve 22 B may be widened, and the air flow of the indoor fan may be increased.
the air flow of the indoor fan 8 A may be decreased, the flow rate of the pump 5 may be decreased, the rotation speed of the compressor 1 may be decreased, the degree of opening of the expansion valve 22 B may be narrowed, and the air flow of the outdoor fan 3 may be decreased. Not all of the actuators need be regulated, and regulating at least one of the actuators is sufficient.
the heating air conditioning and machine cooling operation is an operation to cool the heating element 9 and heat the interior of the vehicle, and is described while referring to FIG. 28 . If the machine coolant can be maintained at the target temperature or below by heat discharge from the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A as was described above in the heating air conditioning operation then a temperature rise in the heating element 9 can be prevented. However, if the heat discharged from the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A is inadequate or if temporarily lowering the temperature of the machine coolant as described later on then heating of the machine coolant by utilizing the refrigerating cycle circuit 90 is required.
the four-way valve 19 and the three-way valve 20 are connected as shown in FIG. 28 , the dispensing pipe 10 of compressor 1 connects to the indoor heat exchanger 2 and the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 , and the intake pipe 11 connects to the intermediate heat exchanger 4 .
the expansion valve 23 is fully closed, and the expansion valve 22 B fully opened to prevent the air conditioning coolant from flowing into the outdoor heat exchanger 2 .
the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 functions as a condenser and the intermediate heat exchanger 4 functions as an evaporator.
the air conditioning coolant compressed by the compressor 1 is condensed and liquefied by the heat discharged in the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 .
the air conditioning coolant is evaporated and gasified by heat exchange with the machine coolant flowing in the machine coolant circuit 41 in the intermediate heat exchanger 4 , and returned to the compressor 1 .
Heat exchange between the machine coolant and the air conditioning coolant take place in the intermediate heat exchanger 4 , which cools the machine coolant.
the machine coolant circuit 41 allows machine coolant driven by the pump 5 to flow in the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A and the intermediate heat exchanger 4 by opening the two-way valve 21 E, and closing the two-way valve 21 C. If the two-way valve 21 A is opened, and the two-way valve 21 B is closed, the machine coolant flows into the machine coolant circuit 41 A; and if the two-way valve 21 A is closed and the two-way valve 21 B is opened then the machine coolant flows in the machine coolant circuit 41 B.
the switching damper 53 within the indoor unit 42 is set as shown in FIG. 28 , so that the air suctioned in by the air in/out port 43 A passes through the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A and the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 and is blown from the air in/out port 43 B.
the machine coolant heated by the heating element 9 is circulated in this indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A, so that the temperature of the air passing through the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A rises.
the air further heated by the heat exchange in the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 mounted downstream is blown to inside the vehicle from the air in/out port 43 B.
the air blown to the inside in this way is therefore further heated by the refrigerating cycle circuit 90 after being heated by waste heat from the heating element 9 .
the air in/out port 43 B connects to the inside (vehicle interior) by way of a duct not shown in the drawing, to regulate the inside temperature.
the machine coolant can be cooled by heat discharge from the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A and heat exchange by the intermediate heat exchanger 4 .
the air flow of the indoor fan 8 A, the flow rate in the pump 5 , the rotation speed of the compressor 1 , and the degree of opening of the expansion valve 22 A may be regulated to control the temperature of the air blown from the air in/out port 43 B and the temperature of the machine coolant. If the machine coolant is a higher temperature than the target temperature or the blown air is a lower temperature than the target temperature, the air flow of the indoor fan 8 A may be increased, the flow rate of the pump 5 may be increased, the rotation speed of the compressor 1 may be increased, and the degree of opening of the expansion valve 22 A may be widened.
the air flow of the indoor fan 8 A may be decreased, the flow rate of the pump 5 may be decreased, the rotation speed of the compressor 1 may be decreased, and the degree of opening of the expansion valve 22 A may be narrowed. Not all of the actuators need be regulated, and regulating at least one of the actuators is sufficient.
the dehumidifying operation is an operation to remove the humidity from the interior and is described while referring to FIG. 29 .
the four-way valve 19 and the three-way valve 20 are connected as shown in FIG. 29 , the dispensing pipe 10 of the compressor 1 connects to the outdoor heat exchanger 2 , and the intake pipe 11 of the compressor 1 connects to the intermediate heat exchanger 4 and the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 .
Fully closing the expansion valve 22 A and fully opening the expansion valve 23 prevents the air conditioning coolant from flowing in the intermediate heat exchanger 4 .
the outdoor heat exchanger 2 functions as a condenser
the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 functions as an evaporator.
the air conditioning coolant compressed by the compressor 1 After the air conditioning coolant compressed by the compressor 1 , is liquefied by heat discharge by the outdoor heat exchanger 2 , the air conditioning coolant passes through the fully open expansion valve 23 and flows into the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 .
the air conditioning coolant flowing into the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 is depressurized by the expansion valve 22 B and reaches a low temperature, low pressure state, and evaporates due to the absorption of heat from the air suctioned in by the air in/out port 43 A in the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 , and returns to the compressor 1 by way of the three-way valve 20 .
the machine coolant circuit 41 allows machine coolant driven by the pump 5 to flow in the intermediate heat exchanger 4 by opening the two-way valve 21 C, and closing the two-way valve 21 E. If the two-way valve 21 A is opened and the two-way valve 21 B is closed then machine coolant flows in the machine coolant circuit 41 A; and if the two-way valve 21 A is closed and the two-way valve 21 B is opened, then machine coolant flows in the machine coolant circuit 41 B.
the switching damper 53 within the indoor unit 42 is set as shown in FIG. 29 , so that the air suctioned in by the air in/out port 43 A passes through the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A and indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 and is blown from the air in/out port 43 B.
the air that was suctioned in by the air in/out port 43 A is dehumidified and cooled by heat exchange in the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 .
the temperature of the air passing through the heater 56 rises.
the so-called reheat dehumidifying operation is in this way made possible.
the relative humidity of the air supplied to inside the vehicle is in this way lowered so that the interior space becomes more comfortable.
the air in/out port 43 B connects to the inside (vehicle interior) by way of a duct not shown in the drawing, to regulate the inside temperature.
the air flow of the indoor fan 8 A, the flow rate of the pump 5 , the rotation speed of the compressor 1 , the degree of opening of the expansion valve 22 B, and the air flow of the outdoor fan 3 may be regulated in order to control the reheat quantity.
the air flow of the indoor fan 8 A may be increased, the flow rate of the pump 5 may be increased, the rotation speed of the compressor 1 may be increased, the degree of opening of the expansion valve 22 D may be widened, and the air flow of the outdoor fan 3 may be increased.
the air flow of the indoor fan 8 A may be decreased, the flow rate of the pump 5 may be decreased, the rotation speed of the compressor 1 may be decreased, the degree of opening of the expansion valve 22 B may be narrowed, and the air flow of the outdoor fan 3 may be decreased. Not all of the actuators need be controlled, and just controlling at least one actuator is sufficient.
the heating element 9 must sometimes be pre-heated in situations such as engine starting in winter season with low outside air temperatures.
Machine heating operation is an operation to warm the heating element 9 without utilizing the indoor air conditioning and the operation is described while referring to FIG. 30 .
the four-way valve 19 and the three-way valve 20 are connected as shown in FIG. 30 , and the dispensing pipe 10 of the compressor 1 is connected to the intermediate heat exchanger 4 and the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 , and the intake pipe 11 of the compressor 1 is connected to the outdoor heat exchanger 2 .
Setting the expansion valve 22 A to fully open, and the expansion valve 22 B to fully closed prevents the air conditioning coolant from flowing into the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 .
the intermediate heat exchanger 4 functions as a condenser and the outdoor heat exchanger 2 functions as an evaporator.
the air conditioning coolant compressed by the compressor 1 After the air conditioning coolant compressed by the compressor 1 , is liquefied by the heat discharge from the intermediate heat exchanger 4 , the air conditioning coolant passes through the fully opened expansion valve 22 A and flows into the outdoor heat exchanger 2 .
the air conditioning coolant flowing into the outdoor heat exchanger 2 is depressurized by the expansion valve 23 and reaches a low temperature, low pressure state, and evaporates due to the absorption of heat from the outside air in the outdoor heat exchanger 2 , and returns to the compressor 1 .
heat exchange takes place between the machine coolant and the air conditioning coolant so that the machine coolant is heated.
the machine coolant circuit 41 closes the two-way valve 21 E, and opens the two-way valve 21 C to prevent machine coolant driven by the pump 5 from flowing into the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A. If the two-way valve 21 A is opened and the two-way valve 21 B is closed then machine coolant flows in the machine coolant circuit 41 A; and if the two-way valve 21 A is closed and the two-way valve 21 B is opened, then the machine coolant flows in the machine coolant circuit 41 B. The two-way valve 21 A or 21 B is opened to allow the machine coolant to flow to the heating element 9 for heating.
the refrigerating cycle circuit 90 heats the machine coolant so that the heating element 9 can be heated by circulating this machine coolant.
the indoor unit 42 does not suction in air or dispense air and does not drive the indoor fans 8 A, 8 B. Also, the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A and the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 do not respectively allow the machine coolant and the air conditioning coolant to flow so there is no heat exchange.
the flow rate of the pump 5 , the rotation speed of the compressor 1 , the degree of opening of the expansion valve 23 , and the air flow of the outdoor fan 3 may be regulated in order to control the heating quantity.
the flow rate of the pump 5 may be increased, the rotation speed of the compressor 1 may be increased, the degree of opening of the expansion valve 23 may be widened, and the air flow of the outdoor fan 3 may be increased in order to increase the heat quantity.
the flow rate of the pump 5 may be decreased, the rotation speed of the compressor 1 may be decreased, the degree of opening of the expansion valve 23 may be narrowed, and the air flow of the outdoor fan 3 may be decreased in order to decrease the heat quantity.
the heating air conditioning operation shown in FIG. 27 and the machine heating operation shown in FIG. 30 make the forming of frost on the outdoor heat exchanger 2 unavoidable.
Defrosting operation is an operation to temporarily switch from heating air conditioning operation and machine heating operation in order to remove frost on the outdoor heat exchanger 2 and is described while referring to FIG. 31 .
the four-way valve 19 and the three-way valve 20 are connected as shown in FIG. 31 , and the dispensing pipe 10 of the compressor 1 is connected to the outdoor heat exchanger 2 and the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 ; and the intake pipe 11 of the compressor 1 is connected to the intermediate heat exchanger 4 .
the expansion valves 23 , 22 B are set to fully open. In other words, the outdoor heat exchanger 2 and the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 function as condensers and the intermediate heat exchanger 4 functions as an evaporator.
the air conditioning coolant compressed by the compressor 1 After the air conditioning coolant compressed by the compressor 1 is liquefied by the heat discharge from the outdoor heat exchanger 2 and the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 , the air conditioning coolant passes through the fully opened expansion valves 22 B, 23 and flows into the intermediate heat exchanger 4 .
the frost attached to the outdoor heat exchanger 2 can in this way be removed.
the air conditioning coolant flowing into the intermediate heat exchanger 4 is depressurized by the expansion valve 23 and reaches a low temperature, low pressure state, and evaporates due to absorption of heat in the intermediate heat exchanger 4 , and returns to the compressor 1 .
heat exchange takes place between the machine coolant and the air conditioning coolant so that the machine coolant is cooled.
the machine coolant circuit 41 closes the two-way valve 21 E, and opens the two-way valve 21 C to prevent the machine coolant driven by the pump 5 from flowing into the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A. If the two-way valve 21 A is opened and the two-way valve 21 B is closed then machine coolant flows in the machine coolant circuit 41 A; and if the two-way valve 21 A is closed and the two-way valve 21 B is opened, then the machine coolant flows in the machine coolant circuit 41 B.
the refrigerating cycle 90 cools the machine coolant so that the heating element 9 can be cooled by circulating this machine coolant.
the switching dampers 53 within the indoor unit 42 is set as shown in FIG. 31 , so that the air suctioned in by the air in/out port 43 A passes through the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A, and the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 and is blown from the air in/out port 43 B.
the machine coolant is not circulated within the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A so that there are no fluctuations in the temperature of the air passing through the indoor cooling heat exchanger 6 A.
the air suctioned in by the air in/out port 43 A is heated by heat exchange in the indoor air conditioning heat exchanger 7 and is blown from the air in/out port 43 B to inside the vehicle. Warm air can in this way be blown inside the vehicle even during defrosting operation.
the air in/out port 43 B connects to the inside of the vehicle (vehicle interior) by way of a duct not shown in the drawing and adjusts the temperature inside the vehicle.
the blowing of the heated air to inside the vehicle can also be prevented.
fully closing the expansion valve 22 B and not driving the indoor fan 8 will prevent air blow to inside the vehicle.
the air flow of the indoor fan 8 A, the flow rate of the pump 5 , the rotation speed of the compressor 1 , the degree of opening of the expansion valve 22 A, and the air flow of the outdoor fan 3 may be controlled.
the air flow of the indoor fan 8 A may be increased, the flow rate of the pump 5 may be increased, the rotation speed of the compressor 1 may be increased, the degree of opening of the expansion valve 22 A may be widened, and the air flow of the outdoor fan 3 may be increased.
the air flow of the indoor fan 8 A may be decreased, the flow rate of the pump 5 may be decreased, the rotation speed of the compressor 1 may be decreased, the degree of opening of the expansion valve 22 A may be narrowed, and the air flow of the outdoor fan 3 may be decreased. Not all of the actuators need be regulated, and regulating at least one of the actuators is sufficient.

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Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
Thermal Sciences (AREA)
Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)

US13/982,869 2011-02-21 2011-02-21 Vehicular air conditioning system Expired - Fee Related US9573437B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number	Priority Date	Filing Date	Title
PCT/JP2011/053660 WO2012114422A1 (fr)	2011-02-21	2011-02-21	Système de conditionnement d'air pour véhicule

Publications (2)

Publication Number	Publication Date
US20130299129A1 US20130299129A1 (en)	2013-11-14
US9573437B2 true US9573437B2 (en)	2017-02-21

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ID=46720244

Family Applications (1)

Application Number	Title	Priority Date	Filing Date
US13/982,869 Expired - Fee Related US9573437B2 (en)	2011-02-21	2011-02-21	Vehicular air conditioning system

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US (1)	US9573437B2 (fr)
JP (1)	JP5676738B2 (fr)
WO (1)	WO2012114422A1 (fr)

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