WO2009121346A2 - Holding device for lining materials - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a holding device (1) for mounting a lining material (2) onto a wall surface (3). The wall surface (3) can refer to, for example, the wall of a container, an apparatus or an installation that can be produced from many different materials. In the illustrated example of embodiment, the wall surface is also coated with an inner plastic layer (5) by means of an adhesive layer (6). Due to the variety of different plastic materials that can be used, the invention uses spacers (4) which consist of two parts in the illustrated example of embodiment, interconnected by means of a coupling element (12). A first contact surface of the spacer (4) can be welded to the wall surface (3) and a second contact surface to the lining material (2). The invention is especially advantageous in that the coupling element enables the spacer (4) to consist of two different materials that would otherwise not have been able to be welded, thereby enabling the lining material (2) or the inner plastic layer (5) to consist of a variety of different plastic materials as they are each separately connected to the two spacer parts (10, 11).

Description

 Holding device for lining materials

The invention relates to a holding device for fixing a lining material to a wall surface, in particular a container, apparatus or plant wall, which can be fixed to the wall surface by means of spacers.

Generic fixtures are needed, for example, for lining containers that are made of either metal or non-compatible plastic or fiberglass. The materials used in this case are generally not acid-resistant or impure, so that an additional acid-resistant and / or high-purity lining of the container is required. The lining materials provided in this case are used as interior trim everywhere, where as a result of large temperature fluctuations, a shock effect can occur by cooling the outer materials and cracks or leakage are caused. Furthermore, a lining is required where working with corrosive gases or liquid substances and the housing walls are exposed to these gases or liquids. For heat and corrosion protection of the walls, which very often have flow areas with cross sections of 100 m ² and more, the inner areas facing the flow areas are therefore covered with anticorrosive foils made of plastic. In this case, in particular the plastic MFA, PFA or FEP in film form is used, because this plastic provides adequate corrosion protection and can be used at the same time for good insulation against thermal shock. In addition, lining films are required for high-purity containers (semiconductors) and for highly resistant containers (chemistry) as well as for columns and other apparatus (chemistry).

In order to ensure comprehensive protection against corrosion of the containers, they are lined with lining materials, preferably plastic sheets, over their entire surface, with the lining materials being held at points on the wall surface of the container via a plurality of fastening or fixing points become. The required fastening or fixing points are in this case attached to the inner wall of the container and are used for suspension, usually only a few attachment points are provided per m ² . The attachment or fixed points consist according to the known prior art of metal bolts or similar metal parts, which are connected to the housing wall. For example, fastening or fixed points made of metal can be screwed, glued or welded to the housing wall. Alternatively, the use of plastic materials comes into consideration, which are usually fixed in the same way, where it depends on the material of the housing, which mounting is selected. Plastic materials usually have a higher chemical resistance than metallic standard solutions, so that the attachment points usually have to be subsequently additionally covered with a film when exposed unclean plastics or metal parts protrude into the interior of the container. As a result, an increased workload is required. The plastic films provided are supplied only in certain web widths and therefore there is a need to additionally join the lining materials along the web edges, for example by means of welds.

Alternatively, non-weldable peel sheets are used, which can be manufactured in certain web widths and clamped between flange pieces. As a result, the length of the container walls, however, is extremely limited and requires a variety of flange, whereby the cost increases significantly and require a lot of technical effort for the screw connection of the flange.

Due to the different materials used for the wall surfaces, the object of the present invention is to provide a secure attachment method for lining materials to produce a durable durable compound that withstands all corrosive attacks. According to the invention is provided for solving the problem that the spacers are formed in one or more parts, wherein multi-part spacers are interconnected via at least one coupling element and that a first contact surface of the spacers with the wall surface and a second contact surface with the lining material is weldable. Further advantageous embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims.

By forming the spacers as a one-piece or multi-part design, which are optionally interconnected by a coupling element, it is possible in principle to use different materials for the spacers and adapt to the materials of the walls of the containers and apparatus, for example, the outer walls of metal or made of a non-weldable plastic, while the lining material consists of a weldable thermoplastic. For this reason, the spacers are usually formed in two parts, so that in each case a spacer can be adapted to the external or internal material in terms of compatibility and a holder is achieved via the coupling element, which thus allows a combination of incompatible materials. Preferably, therefore, a container or a wall surface made of metal, for example made of steel or stainless steel and the first spacer also made of metal, preferably steel or stainless steel, so that the first spacer can be connected to the wall surface by a conventional welding process. In contrast, the second spacer part is made of plastic and welded to a lining film of identical or related plastics. By this configuration it is ensured that each optimal materials on the one hand for the wall surface and on the other hand for the lining materials are used, whereby the durability and service life of the respective container, apparatus or equipment can be increased enormously.

Alternatively, there is the possibility that the wall surface and the first spacer part is also made of plastic and with an identical or related Plastic is welded, in turn, which provided here for welding wall surface does not necessarily have to be compatible with the liner, so that in this embodiment of the invention essential advantage of an adaptation to the plastic materials used is achieved. In this case, the spacer parts can also consist of two incompatible, non-weldable plastic materials.

The particular advantage of the invention is that with the help of coupling elements spacers made of plastics or plastic and metal can be combined. The spacers used in this case are preferably round, oval or designed as strips and are adapted in terms of their dimensions to the male payloads. As a rule, round spacers are used, since they already ensure a sufficient hold as a fixed point of the lining material. In addition, oval or optionally strip-shaped spacers can be used in inaccessible places or in areas in which considerable stresses are expected, so that a larger contact surface is present both between the wall surface and the lining material for absorbing the resulting forces.

In a further embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the coupling element consists of an adhesive layer, for example adhesive layer or of mutually positively and / or non-positively connected first and second coupling parts, such as a dovetail-shaped toothing or similar teeth. A positive and non-positive connection between the individual spacer parts can be done, for example, by a compressible dovetail-shaped toothing, which ensures a high and lasting strength and is very easy to manufacture. In particular, in this solution, both a metallic spacer and an existing plastic spacer piece can be connected together, so that the connection is ensured on the one hand with metal and on the other side with plastic materials. Instead of a compression of the dovetail-shaped teeth this could be in one another be formed slidably and secured by a ring with round coupling elements. Likewise, the teeth can be configured wave-shaped, so that sliding apart is prevented.

Depending on the type of welding used, it may be necessary to ensure verifiability when welding has been completed. For this reason, the coupling element or the adapter parts may be formed conductive and usually serve as ground ground, while using a tester, the weld seam area is examined. In the case of a possible spark-through, therefore, a faulty weld can be detected. For this purpose, it is necessary that the coupling element or the adapter parts form a large-area earth. If the coupling element is not designed to be conductive, a conductive sleeve, for example a carbon ring or a C-fiber loop, can be arranged around the spacers, which is dimensioned appropriately for a spark test and is likewise used for earthing.

In a particular embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the spacers are preferably formed in three or four parts. For this embodiment, a coupling element is also used, either the wall side and / or lining side of the spacer may be made of several parts, wherein the individual elements of the spacer may be connected by an adhesive layer or a weld independently of the existing coupling elements. By this measure, it is possible to optionally use plastic materials, which are themselves electrically conductive for the spark test to increase the existing contact area and thus to form the largest possible grounding mass. The connection of the left and right to the coupling element arranged spacers can be effected by friction welding, by gluing or plasticizing an absorbent coating with the aid of electromagnetic radiation. Towards the wall side of a container, in such a case, a spacer consisting of metal could be connected to a second spacer made of plastic, for example by gluing. In a further embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the coupling elements T-shaped, mushroom-shaped, U-shaped with expiring limbs, plate-shaped, wavy with a straight center base, S-shaped or angular, with round or strip-shaped coupling elements can be used. Alternatively, there is the possibility that the coupling elements consist of a flexible cap-strip, which can be welded onto the wall surface with hot air and a corresponding joining pressure, so that after cooling, the lining material on the spacers can also be welded.

As far as the wall surface is made of plastic adapter parts made of plastic can also be connected by mirroring with the wall surface. For this purpose, with the aid of a heating element corresponding contour, such as a heater blade, a heating of the wall surface and the adapter part made and removed after reaching the necessary temperature, the heating element and made by pressing the adapter part a welded joint. This operation can optionally be done fully automatically with a corresponding device.

In a one-piece design of the adapter element, the spacers can be welded directly to both the wall surface and with the lining material with identical or similar plastic materials. This makes it possible to provide continuous lining materials which require no or only a few flange connections and thus minimize the risk of leakage. Furthermore, much larger geometries can be lined in this way, without the risk of leaks. The spacers used in this case are preferably round, oval or designed as strips and are adapted in terms of their dimensions to the male payloads. As a rule, round spacers are used, since they already ensure a sufficient hold as a fixed point of the lining material. In inaccessible places or in areas where considerable tension is expected, in addition oval or optionally strip-shaped spacers are used, so that a larger contact surface is present both between the wall surface and the lining material for receiving the resulting forces.

The wall surface itself may be made of a metal, for example stainless steel, and may have a glued, sintered or sprayed plastic coating to allow welding to the spacers. The plastic coating here forms a first corrosion and protective layer against the aggressive media to create a double backup for the container. The lining materials form a second layer of corrosion or protection so that there is double security for such containers.

Alternatively, it is provided that the wall surface consists of a metal or GFK outer wall, which has a plastic coating, for example in a glass-laminated version. Also in this embodiment, the direct and immediate weldability is ensured with the spacers, so that with the use of identical or similar plastic materials with one and the same welding technology, a fastening of the lining materials is made possible on the wall surface. For the wall surface or the plastic coating, the lining material and the spacers standard thermoplastics, preferably PE, PP, PE-UHMW or partially fluorinated thermoplastics, preferably PVDV, E-CTFE or highly fluorinated thermoplastics, preferably FEP, MFA, PFA or modified PTFE, are used.

In a further particular embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the attachment of the lining material with the spacers takes place in such a way that the lining material is provided with openings, which are arranged congruent to the spacers and a welding of the compensating material with the spacers by a Warmgasziehschweißung within the openings enable. Subsequently, in a further operation, a post-processing of the plastic weld, for example by smoothing and plastering, so that a seamless and smooth transition surface between the starting material, the weld and the spacer. This is particularly important in the field of use of pure media or liquids, for example, for the production of semiconductors, so that no residual media remain in the respective wells or in the formed corners and edges and thus could lead to contamination.

All of the shown connection possibilities can be combined with the different materials of the outer wall, as far as it is ensured that compatible materials are in direct contact.

The solutions according to the invention using the spacers in this case provide a gap between the lining material and the wall surface. This space can be used, for example, as a leakage space to detect and suck off by means of corresponding sensors escaping media passing through the first lining material, and to remove by a rinsing process to prevent any damage to the outer lining material or the wall surface. In addition, the gap is used to allow for temperature fluctuations, which may occur at any time due to the media used in the interior of containers and apparatus, or in the case of over or under pressure expansion of the lining material into the container space or possibly in the intermediate space. Due to the selected mounting on the spacers is still ensured that the lining material is held securely due to the existing fixed points on the wall surface and all temperature differences and compensatory movements are possible without damaging the lining material.

In addition, a spacing element, for example a plastic grid, a plastic gauze or an open-cell foam can be inserted in the intermediate space, so that a minimal gap is maintained even with compensatory movements of the lining materials and, at the same time, additional support or padding of the lining material takes place is returned to its original position upon reaching the original pressure or the original temperature.

To increase the strength of the two-part spacers, the coupling elements may have on their outer side a structured surface as an adhesion-promoting bonding layer, so that a particularly intimate bond between the coupling parts and the respective spacer parts is achieved, wherein a coating absorbing the electromagnetic radiation at least in sections in the direction of the lining material is aligned. The situation is similar if the spacer is to be connected to a wall made of plastic.

Alternatively, it is also possible that the coupling elements is formed in two or more parts, wherein the adhesion-promoting bonding layer and at least one, the electromagnetic radiation absorbing coating one or more layers, preferably twisted, twisted or braided is applied.

The coupling elements can adhesion-promoting additives on the outside, for example, textile structures such as woven, knitted or nonwoven fabrics of E glass or ECR glass, C fibers, aramid fibers, polyester or polyacrylonitrile, or other synthetic fibers or those of plastic materials, preferably with a polymeric matrix of the same or related plastics as the lining material, have. Alternatively, the coupling elements may have on their outside adhesion-promoting additives in the form of hybrid tapes, hybrid cords or hybrid yarns which consist of electromagnetic radiation absorbing or non-absorbent polymeric tapes and inorganic fiber bundles, preferably C fibers, glass fibers, silicate fibers or aramid fibers, wherein the reinforcing fibers with Resin are glued together.

The adhesion-promoting bonding layer is in this case usually embedded in the material of a spacer and protrudes at least partially out of the surface, so that a second spacer after partial plasticization on the adhesion-promoting compound layer can be pressed and leads to a particularly intimate connection after cooling. Here, the material of the first spacer part has a higher melting temperature than the second spacer part, so that a detachment of the bonding layer due to the heating can be excluded.

Insofar as an absorbent coating, in particular when welding the lining material to the spacers or the individual parts of the respective spacers, an absorbent coating is used for the welding of plastic materials, can by an electromagnetic radiation source, preferably a solid-state laser, gas laser, semiconductor laser or an infrared light source, for example a Xenon short-arc lamp, a welding done or it is a CO ₂ laser used for welding.

In induction welding, the heat required for welding is introduced into the joining zone by means of an alternating magnetic field. The main phases of this process are heating, consolidation under pressure and cooling, the main influencing parameters being determined by the feed rate, the consolidation pressure and the temperatures of the joining zone. Welding plastic materials requires a welding additive that converts the energy of an electromagnetic field into heat. This welding additive, hereinafter referred to as filler, remains permanently in the welding zone.

Possible fillers include, inter alia, ferromagnetic materials in question, in particular the use of nanoparticles or millbase is possible. Nanoparticles or nanoparticles are a combination of a few to a few thousand atoms or molecules. The name has a direct reference to their size which is typically between 1 and 100 nanometers. Nanoparticles can be produced both by natural means and by synthetic methods that are specifically equipped with new properties or functionalities, such as electrical conductivity, chemical reactivity. Synthetic nanoparticles can be synthesized according to their chemical and physical properties. be subdivided. In research and application the following groups are common:

Carbonaceous nanoparticles, metal oxides, titanium dioxide, alumina, iron oxide, zinc oxide, and zeolites and other silicon-based mesoporous materials such as MCM-41 or SBA-15, semiconductors, metals, metal sulfides, and polymers such as dendrimers and block copolymers wherein the carbonaceous nanoparticles are in various forms can, for example, as fullerenes, nanotubes or Cabon black (soot particles).

The nanoparticles or the millbase can undergo thermal excitation by a magnetic field or an electric field, wherein a magnetic field causes a movement of the nanoparticles in a substance, while electric fields cause excitation of the electrons. Both measures lead to a warming of the nanoparticles or the ground material due to the resulting friction.

A magnetic reversal of a magnetized ferromagnetic material is carried out in normal materials with many Weiss'chen districts by the displacement of the potential barriers between the individual domains, that is, the magnetic moments can approach the boundaries of one white ^' see area and then belong to the adjacent domain , Now decreases the size of the particles below the size of the White 'see areas consists of the particles in question only of a ^white' pH range. In such "single domain particels" a shift of a potential barrier is not possible because there is no wall between two domains and thus there is no probability for an antiparallel aligned atomic magnetic moment, ie in single domain particles, the spins can only change collectively, which is reflected in a very high coercivity field strength.

Crystallites of ferromagnetics can be thought of as being composed of domains. Within these domains or Weiss ^' chen districts are the atomic ones aligned in parallel magnetic moments. The volume of the white areas is typically 10 ^"4 to 10 ^{" 6} mm ³ .

Bring to a ferromagnetic substance in an external magnetic field, then align the magnetic moments of the White ^'see districts from parallel to the external magnetic field. There is therefore a magnetization. The magnetization increases with increasing field strength of the external magnetic field up to a saturation field strength at which a complete alignment of the electron spins is achieved. Then let the field strength of the external magnetic field fall back to zero, the magnetization does not follow the original curve, but along a hysteresis Scheife. With the field strength = 0, a more or less strong remanence magnetization is retained, so that the ferromagnetic material is converted into a permanent magnet. Only when the coercivity field strength is reached, which is aligned antiparallel to the magnetization of the substance, the magnetization of the sample returns to zero. If the field strength of the external magnetic field continues to rise to a value, then the negative saturation magnetization is achieved. If you reduce the field strength again, the direction turns around and then increases it successively. These properties are imanent ferromagnetic materials, which can be exploited by the change of the magnetic field, for example by means of an induction coil, this possibility for heating ferromag netic substances. Here, the ferromagnetic substances may consist of, for example, a metallic millbase or nanoparticles may be used which have further positive properties. Basically, a different isotropy of magnetic nanoparticles is assumed and this has a great influence on their coercivity. For magnetic nanoparticles, crystals and particle formation isotropy play a major role. But even anisotropies, which are caused by exchange between the core and the shell, may not be neglected in individual cases. Magnetocrystalline anisotropy is caused by orbital spin coupling and the energetically preferred orientation of the magnetization along a preferred axis. The coercive field strength of a nanophase material is proportional to the anisotropy, so these materials are used as fillers for induction welding can be. A polycrystalline sample of fillers has no net anisotropy due to the random orientation of the particles. However, non-spherical particles may exhibit particle shape isotropy because it is easier to magnetize a cylindrical particle along the edge than along the short edge. The deviation from the spherical shape need not be particularly pronounced, causing a deviation of 1 , 1 to 1, 5% of the spherical shape already a quadruple the Koerzivitätsfeldstärke.

Of particular interest in this context are the properties of nanoparticles, which may be magnetic, ferrimagnetic, ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, or supraparamagnetic. The superparamagnetism in nanoparticles is further substantiated by the decrease in the particle volume, so that the atomic magnetic moments are influenced more and more by the thermal movement of the particles and can not be aligned in parallel. It comes to superparamagnetism. Superparamagnetic particles behave in the same way as paramagnetic particles, but they have a much larger magnetic moment. Below a so-called block temperature, these substances behave again ferromagnetically. Superparamagnetic materials do not show a hysteresis loop, so that they can be easily differentiated experimentally from ferromagnetic particles. However, the property of the nanoparticles depends, for example, on the mentioned block temperature and on the shape of the particles. For example, rod-shaped magnetic nanoparticles measuring 2 × 10 nm may have a block temperature of only 110 K, but spherical particles having a diameter of 2 nm may have one of 12 K.

The synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles faces a number of problems. In order to obtain a uniform behavior of the nanoparticles, it is of essential importance to control some parameters as precisely as possible. On the one hand, it is desirable to obtain the smallest possible size distribution of the particles, since the magnetic behavior of nanoparticles is decisively determined by their size. Standard synthesis methods can narrow the size distribution only to a deviation of about 10%. In general will be but requires fractions whose size distribution distribution is less than 5%. A common method is fractionated flocculation, adding a pure solvent to a sample of nanoparticles of different sizes conglomerates the largest particles because they have the largest van der Waals attractions. The conglomerate can then be separated by centrifuging and the process repeated.

Another parameter is the crystallinity of the products. It is desirable to have a high crystallinity in order to achieve the highest possible magnetization. However, influencing the crystal structure is also an important parameter since it allows the anisotropy of the magnetic nanoparticles to be controlled. In general, one achieves both the increase in crystallinity and the influence of the crystal structure by a controlled aging process, which can be achieved for example by heating to a certain temperature over a certain period of time. For the preparation in the individual nanoparticles, various methods are known which can not be discussed in detail here.

For the connection of a wide variety of plastic materials, the use of nanoparticles as filler with their magnetic, ferrimagnetic, ferromagnetic, antiferromag netic or supraparamagnetic properties is particularly suitable, the filler contains nanoscale, magnetic or oxide particles, which may consist of aggregated primary particles or wherein the filler may consist of ferrites, oxides or mixed metal oxides. The particle size is typically between 1 and 500 nm, in particular between 2 and 100 nm.

For example, excitation of the nanoparticles can be effected by microwave radiation at a frequency of 1.5 to 10 GHz, preferably in the range of 2 to 3 GHz, but other electromagnetic radiation can likewise be used by which the properties of the nanoparticles can also be utilized as fillers to a heating of the materials to be welded, preferably plastic materials leads. As an alternative to the nanoparticles, various metals can be added as ground material to the plastic materials in enriched form, so that with the aid of an electromagnetic field, taking into account the resulting by the field change movements within the enriched material to a warming and thus can be used to weld different plastic materials. In this case, an electromagnetic radiation should be used, which is typically in the resonance range of the nanoparticles or the ground material used in order to achieve a high energy input, whereby by targeted addition of nanoparticles, a change in the resonant frequency can take place.

The particular advantage of nanoparticles or millbase here is that it can be dispensed with the use of transparent plastic materials and instead optionally inexpensive plastic material can be used with appropriate enrichment. In this case, enrichments of nanoparticles of typically 1 to 5%, preferably 2 to 3%, are sufficient in order to carry out welding by means of an induction device or microwave irradiation. The use of regrind, in particular finely ground metal (metal dust) is also suitable because of the dipole effect for compounds. In particular, a high level of safety is subsequently ensured by the microwave irradiation or induction welding due to the energy sources used.

The invention will be explained again below with reference to FIGS.

It shows

1 is a sectional side view of a holding device according to the invention for fastening a lining material to a wall surface by means of a spacer, 2 shows a sectional side view of a further embodiment according to FIG. 1,

3 shows a further embodiment according to FIG. 1,

4 shows a further embodiment according to FIG. 3,

5 shows a further embodiment according to FIG. 1,

6 shows in a sectional side view the use of a cap

Strips on a wall surface,

7 is a sectional side view of the attachment of a lining material by means of a cap-strip according to Figure 6,

Fig. 8 shows the arrangement of the lining material on a wall and

Floor surface after welding in a partial view,

9 is a sectional side view of another fastening variant for the lining material,

10 shows in a sectional side view the fastening of two inner foils via spacers on the basis of the embodiment according to FIG. 9 and FIG

Fig. 11 in a sectional side view of a holding device according to the invention.

FIG. 1 shows, in a sectional side view, a holding device 1 which is provided for fastening a lining material 2 to a wall surface 3, a spacer 4 being used for fastening the lining material 2. The lining material 2 is preferably made of a thermoplastic, which is insensitive to aggressive media, such as gases, liquids. For this reason, the lining material 2 is used to protect a container or larger equipment represented by the wall surface 3 from the aggressive media. In the embodiment shown, the wall surface 3 is formed of an inner plastic layer 5, an adhesive or adhesive layer 6 and an outer supporting wall 7, wherein the wall 7 may be made of metal or GRP, for example, and thus no compatibility with the plastic materials of the lining material used. 2 consists. For this reason, a spacer 4 is used according to the invention, which is formed in two parts in the embodiment shown and consists of a first spacer member 10 and a second spacer member 11, which are interconnected via a coupling element 12. The coupling element 12 serves to connect two different materials of the spacer parts 10, 11 together. On the particular configuration of the spacers 10, 11 will be discussed in more detail below.

The first adapter part 10 is designed as a thermoplastic and is compatible with the lining material 2 or consists of a related plastic material, so that a weld can be made. In the embodiment shown, this is represented by the weld 13. For this purpose, in the lining material 2, a breakthrough 14 is present in conformity with the cover 4 to the spacer, so that within the breakthrough, a weld, for example by hot gas welding can be produced. After welding, the weld 13 is smoothed and plastered, so that within the container wall, namely towards the side of the aggressive media out a completely smooth surface is formed, which prevents the adhesion of liquids and gases during a cleaning process. The selected connection between the lining material 2 and the first spacer 10 at the same time provides a secure and permanent connection, so even at Increased stress, for example due to temperature fluctuations and expansion of the lining material 2, no damage occur.

The second spacer 11 is welded directly to the wall-side plastic layer 5, this is symbolized by the weld 15. For attachment of the lining material 2, the connection between the wall surface 3 is made via the spacers 4 in such a way that firstly an attachment of the spacers 4 takes place with the aid of the weld seam 15 on the wall surface 3. After laying or suspension of the lining material 2, the introduction of the apertures 14 and subsequent welding of the lining material 2 takes place with the second spacer 10 and subsequent reworking of the weld, so that on the inside of the container there is a flat lining and the outer wall, such as GRP or a metal wall that can not be attacked by the aggressive media. Between the lining material 2 and the wall surface 3, a gap 16 is formed, which can be used, for example, to detect any leakage problems with the aid of sensors leakage of liquid or gases into the gap 16 and by sucking the gases or liquids damage the outer wall to prevent or at least delay. The gap 16 can also be rinsed for this purpose if necessary.

The coupling element 12 used may be designed to be conductive in this embodiment, so that, for example, the weld 13 can be subjected to a final check for leaks. For this testers are used, which make a breakdown test of the weld by means of high voltage. For this reason, the coupling element 12 must be conductive and used as ground. Alternatively, a conductive ring may be used.

Figure 2 shows a second embodiment of the holding device 20 according to the invention in a sectional side view, the structure is almost identical except for the adapter element 21. Also in this solution is an inside Lining material 2 connected by means of the spacers 21 with the wall surface 3, which has an identical structure according to Figure 1. Compared with Figure 1, the spacer 21 is formed but four parts. To the right of the coupling element 22 is a first 23 and second spacer member 24 and to the left thereof also a first spacer member 25 and second spacer member 26. The four-part embodiment has therefore been chosen so that on the one hand a reliable and secure connection to the wall surface 3 and the lining material 2 with the help the outer spacers 24, 25 can be achieved, in turn, welds 27, 28 are used and a weld is made as in the previously described embodiment of Figure 1. The inner spacers 23 and 26 are connected to the outer spacers 24 and 25 by an adhesive or welding surface 29, 30. The advantage of this embodiment is that the spacers 23 and 26 can be made compatible with the coupling element 22 in order to increase the strength of the coupling element 22. A compound of the spacers 23 and 24 or 25 and 26 with each other here, as far as it is plastic materials that are identical or related, done with the help of a friction welding or absorbent coatings can be used, as far as the materials used are light transparent, so with the help of electromagnetic radiation, the absorbing layers are heated and a plasticization and thus a welding takes place. A four-part variant of the adapter element 21 is then selected if a spark test is to take place to check the existing welds. In this case, for example, an adapter part 23 or 26 may be designed to be conductive, in order to be able to check the weld seam 27, while the adapter parts 24 or 25 are highly pure and non-conductive, so that, for example, no contact of the conductive materials, which may contain carbon, with the medium can arise within the wall. Also in this solution, a gap 31 is formed, which serves the same purpose as in the first embodiment. The wall surface 3 may consist of steel, fiberglass or concrete in the embodiments shown in Figure 1 and 2. Alternatively, the wall surface 3 together with the coupling layer may be solid, for example made of PE, while the coupling layer may consist of an adhesive layer, of an adhesive layer or of studs. In the embodiments according to FIGS. 1 and 2, a plastic layer 5 as the first inliner coating forms a first protective layer, which is protected by the lining material 2 as a second inliner coating.

FIG. 3 shows a further holding device 40 according to the invention, which serves for fastening a lining material 2 to a wall surface 41 via a spacer 42. The wall surface 41 shows in this solution a simple structure and may for example consist of fiberglass or metal, while the lining material 2 consists of a thermoplastic. The spacer 42 is formed in two parts in this solution and consists of a first spacer 43 and a second spacer 44. The first spacer 43 is also made of a thermoplastic, so that by means of a weld 45, a welding of the lining material 2 can be done with the spacer 43. In contrast, in the solution shown, the second spacer 44 is made of metal and can be welded by means of a weld 46 with the wall surface 41. It would also be conceivable, if the wall surface 41 is made of fiberglass, that the second spacer 44 is optionally glued to the fiberglass. The connection between the two spacer parts 43, 44 via a coupling element 47, which consists of a profiling in the illustrated embodiment and that of a dovetail profiling, so that the possibility of compression of the two spacers 43 and 44 is given and a positive and frictional connection between the Distance parts 43, 44 is present. This solution also discloses a secure attachment method of the lining material 2 on a wall surface 41 and also has the advantage that a wide variety of materials on the one hand metal, on the other hand plastic can be used.

FIG. 4 shows the structure known from FIG. 3, wherein a ring 48 is additionally pushed on to secure the dovetail-shaped connection, so that can be dispensed with a compression of the connection and the two spacers 43, 44 are merely pushed into each other. The ring 48 prevents sliding apart.

The exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 with a dovetail-shaped connection of the two spacer parts 43, 44 only shows a first proposal. In principle, it is possible to produce other types of a positive connection or a force flow or to build a coupling element with the aid of weldable elements. The elements used here can have a variety of designs and increase stability and durability.

FIG. 5 shows a sectional side view of a positive connection for a holding device 70, which consists of two spacer parts 71 and 72. The wall surface 73 shown consists of an outer supporting wall 74 which, with the aid of an adhesive layer 75, has an inner plastic coating 76 and, for example, corresponds to the construction according to FIGS. 1 and 2. The spacer 72 is welded directly to the plastic coating 76 via a weld seam 77, so that a secure attachment of the holding device 70 is ensured. Before the welding takes place with the weld seam 77, the first spacer part 71 is inserted into the second spacer part 72, this being a round or optionally an elongated design. The first spacer part 71, which is T-shaped, lies here in the U-shaped second spacer part 72, which has an opening 78, through which the spacer part 71 protrudes. The spacer 71 is welded via a contact surface 82 with the lining material 79, wherein the lining material 79 is provided at the corresponding positions of the holding device 70 with a recess 80. Within the recess 80, the lining material 79 may be welded to the first spacer 71 by a weld 81. The plastic materials used for the first spacer 71 can therefore be adapted to the lining material 79 with regard to the plastic used. It is essential in this positive connection between the two spacers 71 and 72 that the spacer 71 loose in the second spacer 72 is recorded. The inwardly facing weld seam 81 can further be plastered and possibly smoothed, as already explained with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.

FIG. 6 shows a spacer 50 which consists of a cap-strip and allows the connection of a lining material with a wall surface 53. In this solution, a strip-shaped attachment of the lining material is preferred in order to achieve a large-scale load distribution of the lining material on the wall surface 53. This solution makes sense if it is to be expected with large differences in temperature of the media in the container and thus the lining material is exposed to significant thermal stresses or an excess or negative pressure can occur.

The spacer 50 according to FIG. 6 consists of a two-part plastic material, namely a plastic layer 55 assigned to the wall surface 53 and a plastic layer 54 assigned to the connection, which are connected directly via a coupling element 51, wherein the coupling element 51 can be constructed similarly as in FIG the previous versions or possibly also only consists of an adhesive layer. The attachment to the wall surface 53 is carried out with hot air with identical plastic materials as the wall surface 53, so that a plasticization takes place and with simultaneous application of a joining pressure, a connection between the plastic layer 55 of the cap-strip and the plastic of the wall surface 53 can be achieved. Figure 6 shows the connection in the longitudinal direction, while the underlying figure 7 shows the arrangement in section, which makes it clear that even with this solution between the lining material 52 and wall surface 53, a gap 56 is formed and a weld is made via a weld 57.

Figure 8 shows in a partial view a container 60 with a wall surface 61 and a bottom surface 63 and a lining material 62, which is fixed by means of the spacer 50 to the wall surface 61 and bottom surface 63. In this solution, the spacers 50 shown in FIG 6 are used, which are in strip form and thus allow a strip-like attachment of the lining material 62 to the wall surface 61 and bottom surface 63, wherein the lining material 62 tends due to its own weight and the present linear attachment for cushioning. This cushioning is desirable in this solution, since the recorded media may be subject to very high temperature fluctuations and is operated with an overpressure or underpressure, so that there is a need that the lining material 62 can adapt to the changed conditions and is based on sufficient elasticity. As a result of this type of fastening, the lining material 62 can be attached directly to the corner area in an advantageous manner.

FIG. 9 shows in a sectional side view a further fastening variant for a lining material 110 which is fastened on a wall surface 111. For this purpose, the use of a two-part spacer 112 is provided, which consists of a first spacer member 113 and a second spacer member 114. The wall surface 111 can be made of plastic or weldable materials, for example, so that the first spacer 113 can be welded directly to the wall surface 111 via a weld 115. The first spacer 113 is U-shaped in cross-section and has an opening 116. Through the opening, the second spacer 114 protrudes in the direction of the lining material 110, which is cup-shaped in the present embodiment and thus rests with its outgoing legs 117 within the U-shaped spacer 113. The connection between the lining material 110 and the second spacer 114 takes place via an absorbent coating 118, which leads by electromagnetic radiation 119 to a welding of the second spacer 114 to the lining material 110.

FIG. 10 shows a sectional side view of an embodiment based on FIG. 9, wherein two lining materials 110 and 121 are used. The first lining material 110 is known from FIG Spacer 112 is connected to the wall surface 111, while via a second spacer 120, a connection of a further lining material 121 takes place. The spacer 120 has a V-shaped cross-section and is designed round in the present embodiment. A first contact surface 122 has an absorbent coating 123, while a second contact surface 124 has an absorbent coating 125. The first absorbent coating 123 serves to weld the spacer 120 to the first liner material 110, while the second absorbent coating 125 is to be welded to the second liner material 121. Both welds can be made with the help of electromagnetic radiation 126 in one operation. Between the lining material 110 and 120 is a gap 127, which is filled with a spacer fabric 128. The spacer fabric essentially serves the purpose that the two lining materials 110 and 121 do not come into contact with each other and thus the gap 127 is maintained over the entire outer circumference. The space 127 is used to absorb leaking gases or liquids that can be removed by a rinse. For this reason, a connection 129 is shown in FIG. 10 in the lower region, to which, for example, a pump can be connected. Of this terminal 129, only the upper portion is shown graphically, with a collar-shaped transition 130 of the wall surface 111 and a collar-shaped transition 131 of the lining material 110. The two lining materials 110 and 121 are used here as inliner foils, for the protection of Wall surface 111, which can be done through the gap 127, the possibility of premature detection of a leak and beyond by the intended flushing, gases or liquids from this gap 127 are removable.

FIG. 11 shows in a sectional side view a holding device 201, which is formed in one piece in the exemplary embodiment shown. However, there is the possibility that a two-part variant is used, this two-part variant being glued together or optionally welded can. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the spacer 202 is connected to the wall surface 204 via a weld 203. The wall surface 204 consists in the present case of a metal wall 205 and a plastic coating 206. The plastic coating 206 can be applied to the metallic wall 205 either by gluing, spraying or sintering and preferably consists of an identical or similar plastic as the spacer 202, so that a Welding can be made. After the spacers 202 have been fixed to the wall surface 204, a lining material 207 is placed over the spacers 202 and an opening 209 is cut in the area of the spacers 202 so that the spacers 202 protrude through the lining material 207 into the interior space 210. Thereafter, a welding of the lining material 207 via a weld 208 with the spacer 202, so that both the lining material 207 and the wall surface 204, or the plastic coating 206, is welded to the spacer.

By the present geometry of the spacer 202, which is T-shaped in cross-section, there is a gap 211 behind the lining material 207, which in the embodiment shown is additionally filled by a lattice-like material 212. The latticed material 212 serves to hold the lining material 207 at a predetermined distance from the wall surface 204 so that the gap has a necessary volume. Should overpressure occur in the interior space 210 of the container in which the spacers 202 are used, it is thus possible for the lining material 207 to make compensatory movements in the direction of the intermediate space 211 or, if a negative pressure prevails, it is possible that the lining material 207 can bulge inward like a pillow. The interspace 211 itself further serves to absorb any gases which may diffuse through the lining material 207 in order to suck them off by means of corresponding pumps so that the escaping gases can not diffuse through the second plastic coating 206. Similarly, if the Wall surface 204 alternatively completely made of plastic, so that a double security for the container liner is given.

Reference number list:

1 holding device

2 lining material

3 wall surface

4 spacers

5 plastic layer

6 adhesive or adhesive layer

7 wall

10 spacer

11 spacer

12 coupling element

13 weld

14 breakthrough

15 weld

16 space

20 holding device

21 spacers

22 coupling element

23 spacer

24 spacer

25 spacer

26 spacer

27 weld

28 weld

29 coating

30 coating

31 gap

40 holding device

41 wall surface

42 spacers

43 spacer spacer

Weld

Weld

coupling element

ring

spacer

coupling element

lining material

wall surface

Plastic layer

Plastic layer

gap

Weld

container

wall surface

lining material

floor area

holder

spacer

spacer

wall surface

wall

adhesive layer

Plastic coating

Weld

breakthrough

lining material

recess

Weld

contact area

lining material

wall surface 112 spacers

113 spacer

114 spacer

115 weld

116 breakthrough

117 thighs

118 coating

119 radiation

120 spacers

121 lining material

122 contact surface

123 coating

124 contact area

125 coating

126 radiation

127 space

128 spacer fabric

129 connection

130 transition

131 transition

201 holding device

202 spacers

203 weld

204 wall surface

205 metal wall

206 plastic coating

207 lining material

208 weld

209 breakthrough

210 interior

211 gap

212 material

Claims

claims 1. holding device (1, 20, 40, 70, 201) for fixing a lining material (2, 52, 62, 79, 110, 121, 207) on a wall surface (3, 41, 53, 61, 73, 111, 204 ), in particular a container, apparatus or plant wall, which on the wall surface (3, 41, 53, 61, 73, 111, 204) by means of spacers (4, 21, 42, 50, 120, 202) can be fixed, characterized, in that the spacers (4, 21, 42, 50, 120, 202) are formed in one or more parts, wherein multi-part spacers are connected to one another via at least one coupling element (12, 22, 47, 51) and in that a first contact surface of the spacers ( 4, 21, 42, 50, 120, 202) with the wall surface (3, 41, 53, 61, 73, 111, 204) and a second contact surface with the lining material (2, 52, 62, 79, 110, 121, 207) is weldable. 2. Holding device according to claim 1, characterized, in that the spacers (4, 21, 42, 50, 120, 202) are designed in several parts, preferably three or four parts. 3. Holding device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized, in that a first spacer part (10, 11, 23, 24, 25, 26, 43, 44, 71, 72, 113, 114) consists of metal, preferably steel or stainless steel, and is provided with a wall surface (3, 41, 53, 61 , 73, 111, 204) made of steel or stainless steel is weldable. 4. Holding device according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized, in that a first spacer part (10, 11, 23, 24, 25, 26, 43, 44, 71, 72, 113, 114) consists of plastic and is provided with a wall surface (3, 41, 53, 61, 73, 111, 204 ) is welded from identical or related plastics. 5. Holding device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized, in that a second spacer (10, 11, 23, 24, 25, 26, 43, 44, 71, 72, 113, 114) is made of plastic and is provided with a lining material (2, 52, 62, 79, 110, 121, 207 ) is welded from identical or related plastics. 6. Holding device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized, that spacers (10, 11, 23, 24, 25, 26, 43, 44, 71, 72, 113, 114) made of plastic and metal or two incompatible plastic materials are combined. 7. Holding device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized, in that the spacers (4, 21, 42, 50, 120, 202) are round, oval or in the form of strips. 8. Holding device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized, in that the coupling element (12, 22, 47, 51) consists of an adhesive layer, for example an adhesive layer or of first and second coupling parts connected to one another with positive and / or non-positive engagement, for example a dovetail-shaped toothing. 9. Holding device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized, in that the coupling elements (12, 22, 51) or adapter parts (23, 26, 44) are designed to be electrically conductive. 10. Holding device according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized, in that the coupling elements (12, 22, 47, 51) are non-conductive and are surrounded by a conductive sleeve, for example carbon ring or C-fiber loop. 11. Holding device according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized, in that a multi-part design of the spacer (4, 21, 42, 50, 120, 202) is arranged on at least one side of the coupling elements (12, 22, 47, 51). 12. Holding device according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized, in that the coupling parts are T-shaped, mushroom-shaped, U-shaped with outgoing legs, dish-shaped, undulating with a straight central base, S-shaped or angular, wherein round or strip-shaped coupling parts can be used. 13. Holding device according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized, in that the coupling elements (12, 22, 47, 51) consist of flexible cap strips which can be welded on with hot air and joining pressure. 14. Holding device according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized, in that the wall surface (3, 41, 53, 61, 73, 111, 204) consists of plastic or has a plastic coating (206) and that the spacers (4, 21, 42, 50, 120, 202) have one or more parts and of an identical or related plastic such as the lining material (2, 52, 62, 79, 110, 121, 207), the wall surface (3, 41, 53, 61, 73, 111, 204) and the plastic coating (206) such that a welding of the spacers (4, 21, 42, 50, 120, 202) to the wall surface (3, 41, 53, 61, 73, 111, 204) and the lining material (2, 52, 62, 79, 110, 121, 207) is vornehmbar. 15. Holding device according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized, in that the wall surface (3, 41, 53, 61, 73, 111, 204) consists of a metal, for example stainless steel, or that the wall surface (3, 41, 53, 61, 73, 111, 204) consists of a metal , For example, stainless steel, and has a glued, sintered or sprayed plastic coating (206). 16. Holding device according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized, in that the wall surface (3, 41, 53, 61, 73, 111, 204) consists of a laminated, preferably thin, plastic material which is adhesively bonded to a metal or GFK outer wall or in that the wall surface (3, 41, 53, 61 , 73, 111, 204) consists of a metal or GFK outer wall, which is an artificial fabric coating (206), for example in a glass-laminated version having. 17. Holding device according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized, in that the wall surface (3, 41, 53, 61, 73, 111, 204) or the plastic coating (206) comprises the lining material (2, 52, 62, 79, 110, 121, 207) and the spacers (4, 21 , 42, 50, 120, 202) consist of standard thermoplastics, preferably PE, PP, PE-UHMW or partially fluorinated thermoplastics, preferably PVDF, E-CTFE or highly fluorinated thermoplastics, preferably FEP ₁ MFA, PFA or modified PTFE. 18. Holding device according to claim 17, characterized, in that a gap (16, 31, 56, 127, 211) is formed between lining material (2, 52, 62, 79, 110, 121, 207) and wall surface (3, 41, 53, 61, 73, 111, 204) , 19. Holding device according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterized, that in the intermediate space (16, 31, 56, 127, 211), a spacer element, for example a plastic mesh, a Kunststoffganze or an open-cell foam rests. 20. Holding device according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterized, the absorbent coating (118, 123, 125) consists of the same plastic materials and, in the case of PE-UHMW and modified PTFE, of similar plastic materials. 21. Holding device according to one of claims 1 to 20, characterized, the coupling elements (12, 22, 47, 51) have on their outer side a structured surface as adhesion-promoting bonding layer. 22. Holding device according to one of claims 1 to 21, characterized, in that the coupling elements (12, 22, 47, 51) are integrally formed and wound or laid straight, diagonally or crosswise, the coating absorbing electromagnetic radiation being directed at least in sections towards the lining material (2, 52, 62, 79, 110, 121 , 207) is aligned. 23. Holding device according to one of claims 1 to 22, characterized, that the coupling elements (12, 22, 47, 51) on its outer side adhesion promoting additives, such as textile structures such as woven, knitted or nonwoven fabrics of E-glass or ECR glass, C-fibers, aramid fibers, polyester or polyacrylonitrile, or others having synthetic fibers or those of plastic materials, preferably with a polymeric matrix of the same or related plastics as the lining material. 24. Holding device according to one of claims 1 to 23, characterized, in that the coupling elements (12, 22, 47, 51) have adhesion-promoting additives in the form of hybrid tapes, hybrid cords or hybrid yarns which consist of electromagnetic radiation absorbing or nonabsorbent polymeric tapes and inorganic fiber bundles, preferably C fibers, glass fibers, silicate fibers or Aramid fibers, wherein the reinforcing fibers are glued with resin. 25. Holding device according to one of claims 1 to 24, characterized, in that the materials of the adhesion-promoting bonding layer are at least partially embedded in the molten mass of the lining materials (2, 52, 62, 79, 110, 121, 207). 26. Holding device according to one of claims 1 to 25, characterized, in that the spacers (4, 21, 42, 50, 120, 202) are connected to the wall surface (3, 41, 53, 61, 73, 111, 204) by hot gas drawing welding and / or that the lining material (2, 52, 62, 79, 110, 121, 207) is provided with apertures (14, 209) which are arranged congruently to the Abstandshalteem (4, 21, 42, 50, 120, 202), wherein a welding of the lining material (2, 52, 62, 79, 110, 121, 207) with the spacers (4, 21, 42, 50, 120, 202) by a Warmgasziehschweißung within the openings (14, 209) takes place. 27. Holding device claim 26, characterized, that the weld (13, 15, 27 28, 45, 46, 57, 77, 81, 115, 203, 208) is finished, for example, smoothed and plastered. 28. Holding device according to one of claims 1 to 27, characterized, in that an electromagnetic radiation source, preferably a solid-state laser, gas laser, semiconductor laser or an infrared light source, for example a xenon short-arc lamp, is used for plasticizing the absorbent coating (118, 123, 125) or a CO ₂ laser can be used. 29. Holding device according to one of claims 1 to 28, characterized, in that an induction welding device can be used for the plasticization of the absorbent coating (118, 123, 125), wherein the absorbing coating (118, 123, 125), the lining material (4, 21, 42, 50, 120, 202), the coupling elements ( 12, 22, 47, 51) and / or the spacers (4, 21, 42, 50, 120, 202) are at least partially enriched with a filler, for example of nanoparticles or regrind. 30. Holding device according to one of claims 1 to 29, characterized, the filler has magnetic, ferrimagnetic, ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic or supraparamagnetic properties, the filler having an average particle size between 1 and 500 nm, preferably between 2 and 100 nm. 31. Holding device according to one of claims 1 to 30, characterized, that the filler contains nanoscale, magnetic, oxide particles which consist of aggregated primary particles or that the filler consists of ferrites, oxides or mixed metal oxides. 32. Holding device according to one of claims 1 to 31, characterized, that the filler, for example of nanoparticles or millbase, preferably of a metal, for example nickel, silver, gold, cobalt, iron, aluminum, tin, zinc, or a special material, for example zirconium, palladium, India, Molydän, tantalum, rhenium, Tintan and / or consists of a mixture or an alloy of the enumerated metals or special materials. 33. Holding device according to one of claims 1 to 32, characterized, that the fillers are inert and / or that the nanoparticles or the millbase are ceramic coated. 34. Holding device according to one of claims 1 to 33, characterized, that for the plasticization of the absorbent coating (118, 123, 125) a microwave radiation having a frequency in the range of 1, 5 to 10 GHz, preferably in the range of 2 to 3 GHz is provided.