Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
  • F03G7/04—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using pressure differences or thermal differences occurring in nature
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F02G2254/00—Heat inputs
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
  • F03G7/04—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using pressure differences or thermal differences occurring in nature
  • F03G7/047—Environmental heat plants or OTEC plants using heat pumps
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
  • H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating

Definitions

• the invention belongs to the general electrotechnic i.e. generators of electric energy and relates to cooling electric generators, which absorbed heat energy from environment transforms with greater efficiency into electric energy using the Stirling engine integrated in cooling electric energy generator.
• cooling electric generator which has patent application No P-201 1/0231 in Intellectual property office of Republic Portugal, as well as international PCT application WO 2012/165990, in addition to that external heat collector which has patent application No P-2013/0159 and Stirling engine.
• the crankshaft as part of Stirling engine is coupled with the rotor of electric generator by mechanical transmission and in this way we get functional aspect similar to Seebeck thermal-electric generator.
• Bringing heat energy to the hot cylinder of Stirling engine we get necessary conditions for starting the Stirling engine and electric generator that is coupled with it.
• Heating and cooling of Stirling engine are done by internal heat pump device that is first started by electric energy from external power supply.
• this construction has much more than double higher coefficient of efficiency in conversion of heat energy into electric energy, as well as lower cost of production cooling electric energy generator.
• COP is the Coefficient of performance characterizing heat pumps and which is directly applied to internal heat pump device.
• Eff is coefficient of efficiency of transforming heat energy into electric energy by thermal-electric generator.
• Figure 1 presents the connection of cooling electric energy generator and Stirling engine by fluid.
• Figure 2 presents the architecture of cooling electric energy generator with Stirling engine integrated in it.
• FIG 3 presents the connection of cooling electric energy generator with Stirling engine by fluids in the variant of cooling electric energy generator with two internal heat pump devices.
• FIG 4 presents the architecture of cooling electric energy generator with Stirling engine integrated in it in the variant in which cooling electric energy generator has two internal heat pump devices.
• Figure 1 presents the connection of cooling electric energy generator with Stirling engine 46 by fluid 2, 6 as well as vertical sections of coats 56 and 55 of cylinders 40 and 41 that are constituent parts of Stirling engine 46, also their connections with internal heat pump device 8 and external heat collector 30.
• Internal heat pump device 8 is thermally connected with hot coat 56 of hot cylinder 40 of Stirling engine 46 by thermally insulated pipes 44 filled up with hot fluid 2 from one lateral side while from the opposite side is thermally connected with cold coat 55 of cold cylinder 41 of Stirling engine 46 by thermally insulated pipes 45 filled up with cold fluid 6, whilst from the lower side is thermally connected with external heat collector 30 by thermally insulated pipes 23 filled up with cold fluid 34. Heat energy of environment is absorbed by cold fluid 34 of external heat collector 30.
• Internal heat pump device 8 compresses cold fluid 34 transforming it into hot fluid 2 that will transmit heat energy to hot cylinder 40 of Stirling engine 46.
• Cold fluid 6 of internal heat pump device 8 cools cold cylinder 41 of Stirling engine 46.
• Cold cylinder 41 transmits heat energy to cold fluid 6 while internal heat pump device 8 is in action.
• environment transmits heat energy to cold fluid 34. Both parts of heat energy joined are transmitted by internal heat pump device 8 to hot cylinder 40 of Stirling engine 46.
• Hot coat 56 encircles hot cylinder 40 with its inner side realized from thermally conductive material of cylinder form which has a hollow inside and which has spiral shaped form around hot cylinder 40 filled with hot fluid 2, whilst hot coat 56 is surrounded with thermally non-conductive material 43.
• Temperature sensor 7 is positioned in hot coat 56, which encircles hot cylinder 40. Thermally non-conductive material 43 brakes off the transmission of heat energy from hot coat 56 into environment.
• Cold coat 55 encircles cold cylinder 41 of Stirling engine 46 with its inner side realized from thermally conductive material of cylinder form which has a hollow of spiral form filled with cold fluid 6, all around cold cylinder 41 , whilst from the outer side is surrounded with thermally non-conductive material 42.
• Thermally non-conductive material 42 brakes off the transmission of heat energy from environment into cold cylinder 41.
• Thermally non-conductive material 29 breaks offheat energy from environment to heat the heat exchanger 24 except through Seebeck thermal-electric generator 27. Heat flux through Seebeck thermal-electric generator 27 consist of many single thermal-electric elements 25 generates electric voltage in Seebeck thermal-electric generator 27.
• FIG. 2 presents architecture of cooling electric energy generator with Stirling engine 46 integrated in it.
• Stirling engine 46 is mechanically coupled with electric generator 48 by mechanical transmission 47, whilst insulated conductors 12 from electric generator 48 are connected to insulate cable 50 from internal heat pump device 8 through programmed switcher 11.
• Programmed switcher 11 is connected with optically controlled switch 52 by optical cable 54, whilst optically controlled switch 52 from one side is electrically connected to external generator 53 and from the other side is electrically connected to internal heat pump device 8 through insulate cable 51.
• external generator 53 supplies internal heat pump device 8 through optically controlled switch 52.
• Electric voltage of Seebeck thermal-electric generator 27 of external heat collector 30 starts electric engine 49.
• While internal heat pump device 8 is in work temperature difference between hot cylinder 40 and cold cylinder 41 increases making conditions for starting Stirling engine 46.
• Stirling engine 46 first started by electric engine 49 and temperature difference between hot cylinder 40 and cold cylinder 41 starts electric generator 48 through mechanical transmission 47.
• Alternative electric voltage is generated on insulate cable 12.
• electric voltage on insulate cable 12 increases.
• Optical command of programmed switcher 11 brakes off electric connection between external generator 53 and internal heat pump device 8.
• programmed switcher 1 1 connects insulate cable 12 and insulate cable 50.
• internal heat pump device 8 is connected with electric generator 48.
• Environmental thermal energy is absorbed through external heat collector 30 and is carried into Stirling engine 46 by internal heat pump device 8 eventually keeps moving electric generator 48 which further supplies internal heat pump device 8.
• Cop is the parameter characterizing heat pumps and which directly applied to internal heat pump device 8
• Eff is coefficient of efficiency of transforming heat energy into electric energy as the sum of separate efficiency of Seebeck thermal-electric generator 27 and separate efficiency of architecture of Stirling engine 46, mechanical transmission 47 and electric generator 48.
• Electric cable 57 connects temperature sensor 7 with programmed switcher 11.
• Temperature sensor 7 gives information to programmed switcher 11 about temperature of hot coat 56 of hot cylinder 40.
• Programmed switcher 11 connects load 14 to electric generator 48.
• cooling electric energy generator changes mode in switching mode.
• internal heat pump device 8 continuously moves hot fluid 2 through hot coat 56 of hot cylinder 40 as well as cold fluid 6 through cold coat 55 of cold cylinder 41 while discontinuously moves cold fluid 34 through external heat collector 30.
• heat energy from environment discontinuously flows in cooling electric energy generator through external heat collector 30, and at the same time the part of heat energy that is not transformed in electric energy due to in-perfect thermal-electric generators, is recycled on hot coat 56.
• Figure 3 presents the connection of cooling electric energy generator with Stirling engine 46 by fluids 2, 6 and 33, 34 in the variant as cooling electric energy generator with two internal heat pump devices 8 and 31.
• Vertical sections of coats 56 and 55 of cylinders 40 and 41 are presented.
• Hot coat 56 is cylindrical form and encircles hot cylinder 40 with its inner side in which two separate hollows are positioned in spiral form and they are filled up with two fluids where the once of them is fluid 2 of internal heat pump device 8 and the other is fluid 33 of internal heat pump device 31. Hot fluid 33 delivers heat energy in hot coat 56, which is previously absorbed from environment by external heat collector 30.
• Internal heat pump device 31 makes possible getting heat energy from environment by cold fluid 34.
• Hot fluid 2 delivers heat energy into hot coat 56, independent of hot fluid 33.
• Heat energy previously absorbed from cold cylinder 41 by cold fluid 6 of internal heat pump device 8 is in hot fluid 2.
• Hot coat 56 is thermally connected with hot side of internal heat pump device 31 by thermally insulated pipes 58 and is filled with hot fluid 33.
• Figure 4 presents the architecture of the variant of cooling electric energy generator with two internal heat pump devices 8 and 31.
• Electric cable 57 connects temperature sensor 7 of hot coat 56 of hot cylinder 40 of Stirling engine 46 with programmed switcher 11.
• Electric generator 48 is connected with programmed switcher 11 by insulate cable 12.
• Hot coat 56 and hot cylinder 40 are constituents of Stirling engine 46.
• Stirling engine 46 is thermally connected with hot sides of internal heat pump devices 8 and 31 by hot coat 56 and thermally insulated pipes 44 and thermally insulated pipes 58, while cold side of Stirling engine 46 is thermally connected with cold side of internal heat pump device 8 by cold coat 55 and thermally insulated pipes 45, whilst Stirling engine 46 is mechanically coupled with electric engine 49 from one side and on the other side is mechanically coupled with electric generator 48 by mechanical transmission 47.
• Internal heat pump device 31 is thermally connected from one side with external heat collector 30 by thermally insulated pipes 23 filled up with cold fluid 34, whilst from the other side is thermally connected with hot coat 56 of hot cylinder 40 of Stirling engine 46 by thermally insulated pipes 58 filled up with hot fluid 33.
• Internal heat pump device 8 is from one side thermally connected with hot coat 56 by thermally insulated pipes 44 filled with hot fluid 2, whilst from the other side internal heat pump device 8 is thermally connected with cold coat 55 of cold cylinder 41 of Stirling engine 46 by thermally insulated pipes 45 filled with cold fluid 6.
• Programmed switcher 11 is optically connected with optically controlled switch 52 by optical cable 54 whilst optically controlled switch 52 from one side is electrically connected with external generator 53 of electric energy and from the other side is electrically connected with internal heat pump device 8 by insulate cable 51 and from its third side is electrically connected with internal heat pump device 31 by insulate cable 63.
• Programmed switcher 11 is from one side electrically connected with electric generator 48 by insulate cable 12, whilst it is from opposite side electrically connected with load 14, and from its third side is electrically connected with internal heat pump device 8 by insulate cable 50, and from its fourth side is electrically connected with internal heat pump device 31 by insulate cable 59.
• external generator 53 of electric energy supplies internal heat pump device 8 and internal heat pump device 31 with electric energy by optically controlled switch 52.
• Internal heat pump device 31 transports heat energy from environment into hot coat 56 of Stirling engine 46 by hot fluid 33.
• This heat energy is absorbed by external heat collector 30.
• Internal heat pump device 8 absorbs heat energy from cold cylinder 41 of Stirling engine 46 through cold coat 55 by cold fluid 6 and transports that heat energy into hot coat 56 of Stirling engine 46.
• thermal-electric elements 25 of Seebeck thermal-electric generator 27 Due to temperature difference between environment and external heat collector 30, electric voltage on thermal-electric elements 25 of Seebeck thermal-electric generator 27 is generated.
• Heat flux through Seebeck thermal-electric generator 27 generates electric energy that is transported to electric engine 49 by insulate cable 28.
• Electric engine 49 moves Stirling engine 46 that has temperature gradient between hot cylinder 40 and cold cylinder 41.
• electric energy generator is supplied with electric energy from external generator 53 and with heat energy from environment through external heat collector 30.
• Effective value of electric voltage on electric generator 48 increases.
• Programmed switcher 11 activates autonomous mode on the basis on measurement of the value of electric voltage on insulate cable 12.
• Programmed switcher 11 sends optical signal to optically controlled switch 52, which further disconnects supplying internal heat pump devices 8 and 31 , and then programmed switcher 11 connects internal heat pump devices 8 and 31 to electric generator 48 for supply.
• autonomous mode cooling electric energy generator uses only heat energy from environment for own functioning. In autonomous mode load 14 does not connected on cooling electric energy generator.
• Heat energy from environment is absorbed through external heat collector 30 and is concentrated on hot coat 56 by internal heat pump devices 8 and 31, supplying Stirling engine 46 with heat energy.
• Stirling engine 46 moves electric generator 48 based on mechanical energy by mechanical transmission 47.
• Electric generator 48 generates electric voltage on insulate cable 12. To get greater electric power on electric generator 48 than sum of electric power need to supply internal heat pump devices 8 and 31 it is necessary to satisfy condition according to formula:
• PI electric power necessary for functioning internal heat pump device 8
• P2 electric power necessary for functioning internal heat pump device 31
• COP1 is coefficient of performance of heat pump 8
• COP2 is coefficient of performance of heat pump 31
• Eff is efficiency of thermal-electric converter consisting of Stirling engine 46, mechanical transmission 47 and electric generator 48.
• Internal heat pump device 8 provides the temperature difference between hot cylinder 40 and cold cylinder 41.
• Internal heat pump device 31 brings heat energy from environment through external heat collector 30. Sum of heat energy from environment and from cold side of Stirling engine 46 is four to nine time greater than electric energy necessary for supplying internal heat pump devices 8 and 31. When heat energy from environment get in to cooling electric energy generator then practically does not get out from cooling electric energy generator in the form of heat energy.
• switcher 11 In autonomous mode programmed switcher 11 continually supplies internal heat pump devices 8 and 31 with electric energy from electric generator 48.
• internal heat pump devices 8 and 31 are continually supplied with electric energy from electric generator 48 by insulate cable 12.
• the balance between the heat energy absorbed from environment and the energy given to load 14 is achieved by favorable choice of the ratio between mathematical products of electric power and COP of individual internal heat pump devices 8 and 31.
• the mathematical product of electric power and COP of internal heat pump device 8 must not be much higher than mathematical product of electric power and COP of internal heat pump device 31 because it would jeopardize the functioning of cooling electric energy generator.
• Switching mode of cooling electric energy generator is conditioned by higher absorption of heat energy from environment in comparison to lower spending of electric energy. Then internal heat pump device 31 is discontinuously supplied with electric energy. In this way cooling electric energy generator achieves the balance between absorbed energy and energy given to load 14.
• Programmed switcher 1 1 on the basis on data from temperature sensor 7 about the temperature range near to maximum allowed level temperature of hot coat 56, switches off temporary supplying of internal heat pump device 31.
• Load 14 is continually supplied with electric energy whilst cooling electric energy generator is discontinuously supplied with heat energy from environment during connecting and disconnecting intervals, when programmed switcher 11 connects or disconnects internal heat pump device 31 on electric generator 48.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

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Citations (3)

• 2013
  • 2013-10-31 RS RS20130476A patent/RS54980B1/sr unknown
• 2014
  • 2014-10-27 WO PCT/RS2014/000009 patent/WO2015065218A1/en not_active Ceased

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