WO2017222359A1 - Electric generator - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an electric generator with a simple and scalable configuration, having a multi-modular characteristic, and being configured for the generation of electric current based on various drive sources thereof.

Description

 The present invention is directed, among other sectors, to the energy sector, through the generation of electrical energy mainly focused on the industrial, commercial, urban surveys and domestic use, by means of an electric generator of simple and scalable configuration, with multiple modular static , which has been conceived as a means of transforming mechanical energy into electrical energy, by means of which the high electrical consumption from the electricity grid can be reduced, resulting in a decrease in the environmental impact by saving the consumption of conventional sources of production of electric energy based on fossil fuels, presenting great efficiency and optimum performance.

Today there are various types of electric power generating devices, generally called generators, alternators, dynamos and various types of elements of transformation of mechanical energy into electrical energy, having as a differential element between them the internal configuration of the rotor, dividing it into two large groups called axial and radial, The group of radial type generators is the most used at present, presenting as a peculiarity that the magnets revolve around the coils (or vice versa), while the group of axial type generators presents as a peculiarity that the magnets rotate in front of the coils (or vice versa).

As mentioned previously, most of the generators and alternators are arranged in a radial configuration and although they are widely used, it is inconvenient to require a medium or high starting torque as well as to present a low generation compared performance. with the axial configuration, since they require a greater number of revolutionaries for the induction of an electric current. It should be noted that they require more time to reach a level of stabilization and, therefore, more time for energy production and the subtraction of said energy from it _? as well as needing physical contact means, called brushes, which generate friction due to the nature of the materials used, and also present the phenomenon called induction, which corresponds to an electric brake due to the passage of the electrical current of a material to another, that, although the loss is minimal, compromises the physical design.

Currently, in the systems known to produce electrical energy, the possibility of scaling them is absent or expand them beyond the capacity for which they have been designed, since they are usually structurally closed with a limited internal distribution.

 In other axial type generators, the absence of physical mechanisms that increase the permeability of the material for the redirection of the magnetic field in order to increase the usable flow as mentioned below is a common feature:

US Patent 20070247017, which shows an axial type generator with the poles of permanent magnets exposed to the air _? it lacks a physical medium that helps the magnetic field to flow more easily by presenting physical means with friction for the electrical transmission through the use of contact tabs that, in the long run, will require change or maintenance.

 On the other hand, WO 2011064424 Al which shows an axial type asynchronous generator equally devoid of a physical means for the redirection of the magnetic flux.

Said teachings lack physical means to direct and facilitate the magnetic flux, which is solved by the present invention, given the inclusion, among other technical characteristics, of a special configuration plate, as will be seen below, as well as a smaller one. amount of friction elements, which facilitates the rotation of the moving parts of the generator of the present invention. In addition, there is stability in the 'voltage and frequency of low or zero variation over time,' being verifiable in a mono, bi and three-phase way ,, by means of an oscilloscope, not observing Fourier series or voltage peaks.

 The parts and characteristic details of this electric generator are clearly shown in the following description and in the accompanying drawings,

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

 The electric generator of the present invention ,? In a form of general configuration, it includes permanent magnets in conjunction with a winding system with the possibility of changing connection between star and triangle, manually or automatically, which gives you the possibility to start the generation of electric current from a low starting torque and maximization of the generated electrical energy, even with a reduced number of rpm

Its construction has, at least two and up to an indefinite theoretical maximum of permanent magnet discs parallel aligned and according to the needs, in solidarity, with metal rings between said discs and in the cavity between each pair of discs there is a plate containing a plurality of coils immersed in said plate, also comprises a mechanical shaft having various functions, including being the main turning center, of structural support for permanent magnet discs and rotational mechanical power transmitter.

 Its operation is triggered by the movement provided by the main source of mechanical energy that produces a constant angular velocity resulting in a voltage and frequency of minimal or no variation.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

 The figures shown here represent, in an enunciative manner; more non-limiting, some of the possible embodiments of the invention, from the simplest (Figure 1), to a preferred one (Figure 2 and remaining).

 Figure 1 shows a side view of a preferred embodiment, the most basic, of the electric generator.

 Figure 2 shows a front view of another preferred embodiment of the electric generator.

 Figure 3 shows a side view of the preferred embodiment of Figure 2.

 Figure 4 shows a top view of the preferred embodiment of Figure 2.

Figure 5 shows a side top perspective view of the preferred embodiment of Figure 2. Figure 6 shows an exploded view of each of the internal and external components of the preferred embodiment of Figure 2.

 Figure 7 shows a perspective view of the magnets in the permanent magnet disk, according to a preferred embodiment, applicable to any other modality of the present invention.

 Figure 8 shows a perspective view of the mechanical axis of rotation, of the tubular section and of the interior of the plate containing the coils, according to a preferred embodiment, applicable to any other modality of the present invention.

Referring to the figures, in one of its modalities, the electric generator comprises a rotating mechanical shaft (101) as a receiving element of the mechanical driving power that will be effectively transformed into electric energy, in solidarity with a pair of concentric discs (107,109), arranged parallel to each other containing at least one coil plate (108) parallel to each other and placed together concentrically with the mechanical axis of rotation (101).

Said discs have a plurality of cavities (figure 7) coinciding with the dimension of permanent magnets (130) and in number with sufficient quantity to respect a ratio of four permanent magnets {130} per disk for every three coils of the coil plate, or multiple of said relationship, completely crossing the thickness of the disks (107,109), which are arranged equally and radially distributed with reference to the mechanical axis of rotation (101), in which the plurality of magnets (130) forming the disk-plate-disk configuration of 4 magnets-3 bofoins-4 magnets will be embedded facing each other and axially with opposite polarity; or multiple thereof, which together form the inductor or rotor of the electric current generation device. In a very preferred embodiment of the invention, the electric generator has 16 permanent magnets per disk, for 12 coils per plate.

 Said discs (107,109) are joined together and rigidly connected to the mechanical axis of rotation (101) by using a wedge as a power transmission element, as well as the number of permanent magnets (130) embedded in each disc (107,109) It must be even.

On the outside of both permanent magnet discs (107) located at the ends, a sheet (106) of conductive material or any material that satisfies this criterion, preferably oriented grain, is placed concentrically to the mechanical axis (101) , shaped as a flat ring whose dimensions should be sufficient to cover the entire radial radial permanent magnets (130) mentioned above. Suitable metallic materials for the sheets (106) are iron, nickel, alloys or combinations of each or arabic, which, in an enunciative way, but not limited to, mention steel, carbon iron, iron with 4% silicon , Permalloy, Supermalloy, Hypernix, Monimax, Mu metal, Permendur, Hiperco, Hierro carbonyl and Ferroxcube alloys, among others. This sheet (106) allows to reduce the radius of the magnetic field of the magnet, acting in a certain way as a Faraday cage, preventing / minimizing the output of the magnetic field. Also other metal parts of the present invention can be made of these materials.

The permanent magnet discs of the ends (107) and internal ones (109) will be in solidarity with the mechanical axis of rotation (101), which has a standard diameter, where the magnet discs pe.rmanent.es (107,109) have the particularity to present a uniform rectilinear cavity along a large part of its surface as a pipe that will function as a means of power transmission and, likewise, the mechanical axis of rotation (101) has a male-type rope (120} , co-incident with the wedge, and with a standard pitch at a length of rope slightly greater than that of the standard nut of the same dimension and characterized by presenting at one of its ends a section of larger diameter along a small section before the part that adjusts the rotation element (150} that it will function as a physical limit on which the external disk {107} will rest, which can be made of steel or other material useful for such purposes.

 Between each pair of discs (107,1031 with permanent magnets (130), a tubular section (110) is placed, in order to create a vacuum by turning, expelling the air heated by the coils immersed in the plate, by means of at least one hole in said tubular section (110), and additionally, to maintain a fixed space between the discs (107,109) being concentric to the mechanical axis of rotation (101) presenting as a particularity a pair of circular cavities equidistant from each other with respect to the circumference (see figures 7 and 8) and the center of said cavity being in the middle of the total length of the tubular section, completely crossing its thickness.

 The tubular section (110) is in solidarity with the pair of discs (107,109) of permanent magnets (130) by means of a medium cavity of circular dimension coinciding with the diameter and thickness of the tubular section (110) where it is inserted and located present on the side faces of the central permanent magnet discs (109), but only on the inner side of the permanent magnet end discs (107).

At each end of the mechanical axis of rotation (101) superficially connected to the outer faces of the discs (107) of permanent magnets {130} it is convenient to place a round plate {105} of rigid material (metallic * such as steel and other metallic materials, such as those mentioned for other parts) with the particularity that they will have a diameter coinciding with the outside of the tubular section {110} and which will have a concentric hole (see figure 6) coinciding with the diameter of the mechanical axis of rotation (101), being their function to function as external pressure caps,

 On the section with a standard pitch male rope positioned at the opposite end of the larger diameter section of the mechanical turning shaft {101}, a standard outer washer (104} can be fitted, matching its diameter, which preferably has star shape, which provides support and rigidity to the adjustment made by a stop (103), preferably a threaded nut, with a female type matching rope, where, for this case, the mechanical axis of rotation should have a rope according to said Of course, the type of rope can be reversed between these two elements.The inclusion of said outer washer {104} and nut {103} should be understood as a way of giving greater rigidity to the set of elements that make up the electric generator of the present invention.

A rotating element (150), which in some preferred embodiments comprises a ball bearing, fits rigidly at each of its ends to the mechanical axis of rotation (101}. standard or any other element with similar functions, coinciding in its internal diameter with that of the latter and presenting the characteristic of being of radial type load and which will be introduced into the coincident middle cavity of a standard bearing support {200}. It is also possible to use rotating elements and support brackets integrated in one piece. In a more preferred embodiment, a double row ball bearing for radial loading can be used.

 To the set of permanent magnet discs (107, 109} rigidly connected with the mechanical axis of rotation (101} coupled at each end with a rotating element (150), more preferably said element, for both ends, is a pair of bearings of standard balls, each embedded in a bearing block (200) in conjunction with the round plates (105) and in turn in solidarity with the tubular section (1105 will be constituent elements of the generator rotor

Between each pair of discs with permanent magnets (107,109} a coil plate (108) is mounted, where its sides can have a suitable shape that allows its stability, for example, a geometric figure shape. Useful geometric patterns are triangular, square, parallelepiped, polygonal, etc. In an example, but not limited to, the coil plate (108) has two sides parallel to each other but perpendicular to the other two that are parallel to each other, being, in all cases, constituted of a dielectric material, known in the art, and optionally supported by an outer shell, whose design and shape may be any as long as they meet the criteria of supporting the total weight of the plates of coils (108) that includes the armed module and that is mechanically isolated from the rotor or inductor, and that will be traversed perpendicularly by the mechanical axis of rotation (101) and by the tubular section (110) mentioned above, with the particularity of that the coil plate (108) will be symmetrical in dimensions as well as containing within it a plurality of identical coils immersed in the plate by means of a recess coinciding with the final shape of the windings, being in smaller numbers than permanent magnets (130) establishing a gap between them. The coils useful for the present invention include any state-of-the-art coil, including, but not limited to, reels with or without reel, solenoid type, Helmhotz type, deflection type, metal core, among others . The dielectric materials for the coil plate comprise, but are not limited to, epoxy resins, glass, ceramics, rubber, wood, cellulose based product, porcelain wax, bakelite, composites, mixtures thereof, among others.

In accordance with the above, an electric generator is created, which comprises a stator or induced which It has as a particularity a plurality of coils inserted in a coil plate (108) constituted of a dielectric material, each placed between two permanent magnet discs (107,109) or inductors that have a plurality of permanent magnets (130), through which a magnetic flux will pass parallel to the mechanical axis of rotation (101) which in turn will pass perpendicularly to the coil plate (1085 _? producing a rotational movement on the armature, which will present a voltage between the terminals of the coils , generating an alternating electric current.This voltage will be the result of the frequency with which the magnetic poles change, so it will depend on other factors, primarily the angular speed of rotation of the inductor, the amount of magnetic flux of the magnets permanent {130}, of the physical separation between inductor and induced (air gap), of the number of turns per coil, d the gauge of the copper wire and / or its weight in copper, of the cross-section of the wire or conductor wire inside the coils. The permeability of the medium in which the magnetic field is conducted and the internal connections generate inductance due to the change of dimensions (thicknesses) or materials with the internal connections. The number of coils is variable, but the relationship indicated above must be respected. Within the construction of the stator, the coil plate (108) or induced comprises a plurality of coils identical to each other, it should be noted that these, in a preferred embodiment _? Do they carry a center or core consisting of an epoxy element as a magnetic conductive material instead of having a center or core composed of a conductive material that would increase the amount of magnetic flux that would pass through the stator or induced _? sacrificing this conductive material prevents said center or core of the coils (see figure 10) from generating attraction by the rotor or inductor formed by a plurality of permanent magnets (130), thus producing a magnetic brake that would result in the requirement of a higher starting and operating torque which would decrease the performance of the primary mechanical rotational power mechanism and, optionally, a secondary one, which provide movement to the mechanical axis of rotation (101),

To this design of electric generator, as you can see, it is granted the quality of being an open configuration system for modifications in its internal composition and in terms of the number of modules connected to the mechanical axis of rotation (101), being able to add a certain amount of total or partial modules to meet the energy requirement based on the primary mechanical rotational power torque. With respect to any previous and / or subsequent modality, the drive form of the mechanical axis of rotation (101) can be done by various mechanisms, which, in a more non-limiting way, may be mechanical, or kinetic or similar mechanisms,

The drive mechanism of the mechanical rotation axis (101) to form the electric generator of the present invention, can be by means of an element connected to said axis (101), which has means of torque transmission, wherein said transmission means of torque receive impulse from other devices or manually, specifically, said element with torque transmission can be a gear, of configurations known in the art, which is driven by an end of pulleys or transmission chains, which find at its other end to devices that receive momentum by various means. Among the various means are handles and pedals connected to a gear matching the type of pulleys or transmission chains, more specifically, but not limited to the invention, the star-pedal system or star-pedal-chain system of an exercise or spinning fixed bicycle, or any other device similar to this, may be suitable for coupling it to the torque transmission element to the mechanical axis of rotation (101). This configuration obtains the double utility, power generation for immediate use (with additional devices coupled to it, according to the type of current obtained / required and regulation thereof, among others that will be clearly envisioned by the technician in the field} or for savings in a battery bank (idem), and improvement of conditions user physicals. Another variant within this modality may be the use of motors to drive the mechanical axis of rotation (101) directly, or by pulleys or transmission chains coupled to the mechanical axis of rotation (101), or by means of torque transmission, of The manner provided above.

 In another embodiment of the invention, the torque transmission element, to form the electric current generating device, is coupled to other elements known in the art that receive momentum from various sources. Within the options for this modality, but not limited to, they can be hydrodynamic turbines (Pelton, Francis, Kaplan, and others), wind turbines, from radicrohydraulic or minieolic / wind applications, as appropriate, to higher, for hydraulic turbines , hydrodynamic turbine, wind turbine, tidal turbine, gas turbine, steam turbine and geothermal turbine,

Other changes and derivative modalities and conjunction thereof will be evident to a person skilled in the art, without move away from the teachings of the present application and the matter claimed in the following claims.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS 1. An electric generator, comprising a mechanical axis of rotation (101) as a receiving element of the mechanical driving power; at least one pair of discs with permanent magnets (107,109), arranged parallel to each other, containing at least one plate of coils (108) parallel to each other and placed together concentrically with the mechanical axis of rotation (101); said disks (107,109) have a plurality of cavities coinciding with the dimension of permanent magnets (130), completely crossing the thickness of the disks (107,109), which are arranged equidistant and radially distributed with reference to the mechanical axis of rotation ( 101), in which the plurality of magnets (130) will be embedded opposite and axially with opposite polarity; said discs (107,109) are joined together and rigidly connected to the mechanical axis of rotation (101) by using a wedge (120) as a power transmission element; the number of permanent magnets (130) embedded in each plate (107,109) must be even; a sheet of conductive material (106) placed, concentrically to the mechanical axis of rotation (101), on the outside of the permanent magnet discs located at the ends, said sheet of conductive material (106), or material that satisfies this criterion, shaped as a flat ring whose dimensions should be sufficient to cover the entire radial radial permanent magnets (130); a tubular section {1105 placed, between each pair of discs (107,109), concentric to the mechanical axis of rotation (101) crossing the coil plate (108); and a mechanism for driving the mechanical axis of rotation.  2. The electric generator, according to claim 1, characterized in that the tubular section (110) is in solidarity with the pair of discs (107,109) of permanent magnets (130) by means of a medium cavity of circular dimension coinciding with the diameter and thickness of the tubular section (110) where it is inserted, and which is present on both sides of the central permanent magnet discs (9), but only on one side of the permanent magnet end discs (107). 3. The electric generator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at each end of the mechanical axis of rotation (101), superficially attached to the outer faces of the permanent magnet discs (107) (130), are placed a pair of round plates (105), wherein said pair of round plates (105) have a diameter coinciding with the outside of the tubular section (110) and a concentric hole coinciding with the diameter of the mechanical axis of rotation (101); attached to one of the round plates (105) is a stop (103), and optionally, an outer washer (104), ensuring the at least one pair of discs with magnets permanent (107,109), to the coil plate m (108) and to the at least one tubular section (110).  The electric generator, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that a rotating element (150) is adjusted to the mechanical axis of rotation (101) at one of its ends, coinciding in its inner diameter with that of said axis mechanical turning (101).  5. The electric generator according to claim 4, characterized in that the rotating element comprises a ball bearing, preferably a double row ball bearing.  6. The electric generator according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the rotating element is placed in a support bearing (200).  7. The electric generator, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coil plate (108) has a geometric shape.  The electric generator, according to claim 7, characterized in that the coil plate (108) has two sides that are parallel to each other, but perpendicular to the other two that are parallel to each other. 9. The electric generator, according to claim 8, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of coils, in a number with sufficient quantity for respect a ratio of permanent channels (130) for every three coils, or multiple of that relationship,  10. The electric generator according to claim 9, characterized in that it comprises 16 permanent magnets per disk, for 12 coils per plate.  11. The electric generator according to claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the coils are identical to each other, having a core consisting of a magnetic conduction element, preferably epoxy as a conductive material.  The electric generator, according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drive mechanism of the mechanical axis of rotation (101) comprises elements connected to said mechanical axis of rotation (101) having means for transmitting torque.  13. The electric generator according to claim 12, wherein said elements attached to the mechanical axis of rotation comprise a star-pedal system or a star-pedal-chain system of a fixed bicycle, which transmits impulse to the element of torque transmission  14. The electric generator according to claim 12, characterized in that the elements connected to said mechanical axis of rotation is a handle. 15. The electric generator according to claim 12, characterized in that the mechanism of The mechanical shaft drive (101) comprises elements connected to the mechanical rotation shaft (101) that have means for transmitting torque, wherein said elements comprise a motor, which transmits impulse to the torque transmission element.  16. The electric generator according to claim 12, characterized in that the drive mechanism of the mechanical turning shaft (101) comprises at least one hydrodynamic turbine, wind turbine, tidal turbine, gas turbine, steam turbine and geothermal turbine .  17. Bicycle, characterized in that it comprises the electric generator of any one of claims 1 to 11.  18. Hydrodynamic turbine, characterized in that the electric generator is that which is indicated in any of claims 1 to 11.  19. Wind turbine or wind turbine, characterized in that the electric generator is that indicated in any of claims 1 to 11.  20. Hydrodynamic turbine, characterized in that the electric generator is the one indicated in. any of claims 1 to 11. 21. Tidal turbine, characterized in that the electric generator is that which is indicated in any one of claims 1 to 11. 22. Wind turbine because the electric generator is that indicated in any of claims 1 to 11.  23. Steam turbine, characterized in that the electric generator is that which is indicated in any one of claims 1 to 11.  24. Geothermal turbine, characterized in that the electric generator is that, which is indicated in any of claims 1 to 11.