AU2003246027B2 - Patient transfer device and method - Google Patents
Patient transfer device and method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- AU2003246027B2 AU2003246027B2 AU2003246027A AU2003246027A AU2003246027B2 AU 2003246027 B2 AU2003246027 B2 AU 2003246027B2 AU 2003246027 A AU2003246027 A AU 2003246027A AU 2003246027 A AU2003246027 A AU 2003246027A AU 2003246027 B2 AU2003246027 B2 AU 2003246027B2
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- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- patient
- support board
- transfer device
- trolley
- patient support
- Prior art date
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Links
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 57
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- RNAMYOYQYRYFQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-6-methoxy-n-(1-propan-2-ylpiperidin-4-yl)-7-(3-pyrrolidin-1-ylpropoxy)quinazolin-4-amine Chemical compound N1=C(N2CCC(F)(F)CC2)N=C2C=C(OCCCN3CCCC3)C(OC)=CC2=C1NC1CCN(C(C)C)CC1 RNAMYOYQYRYFQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 208000025940 Back injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010050031 Muscle strain Diseases 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Landscapes
- Invalid Beds And Related Equipment (AREA)
Description
15/03/2009 19:55 61-3-98901337 PATENT ATTORNEY SERV PAGE 08/36
AUSTRALIA
Patents Act 1990 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION FOR A STANDARD PATENT
ORIGINAL
Applicant(s): WAYNE DOUGLAS BARRETT Actual Inventor(s): WAYNE DOUGLAS BARRETT Address for Service: PATENT ATTORNEY SERVICES 26 Ellingworth Parade Box Hill Victoria 3128 Australia Title: PATIENT TRANSFER DEVICE AND METHOD Associated Provisional Applications: No(s).: No. 2002951322 filed 11 September 2002 The following statement is a full description of this invention, including the best method of performing it known to me:- COMS ID No: ARCS-227169 Received by IP Australia: Time 20:54 Date 2009-03-15 15/03/2009 19:55 61-3-98901337 PATENT ATTORNEY SERV PAGE 09/36 ct PATIENT TRANSFER DEVICE AND METHOD
VO
FIELD OF THE INVENTION («si The field of this invention relates to patient transfer devices and in particular a device O 5 and method for transfer of patients between a trolley and a diagnostic or treatment table or plinth.
SBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION When a patient is admitted to an emergency section of a hospital, he or she is typically placed on a trolley for transport to diagnostic facilities for x-rays, CT scans and magnetic resonance imaging. The patient may also be transferred to specialised treatment areas such as for surgery or emergency intervention. While this need to transport and examine a patient is particularly pronounced in severely traumatised or acutely ill patients, it also arises in the more chronic or long term patient who is undergoing investigative procedures.
Transfer of a patient between a trolley and another support surface generates a number of concerns for both the patient and the professional health staff members effecting such a transfer. In the case of the patient, issues of comfort and minimal disturbance are important as is the guarantee that the patient will be transferred with substantial maintenance of their horizontal stability. For the person or people effecting the transfer, serious issues of ergonomic safety arise. It Is well known that professional health workers are highly predisposed to muscle strain, back injury and premature discal degeneration in the spine. At least some of these risks are contributed to or caused by the need to transfer patients. The lift required for such a transfer is often inherently awkward and produces an ergonomically unsound alignment in nursing staff as the weight of a patient and stretcher are transferred laterally and, sometimes simultaneously, vertically.
2 COMS ID No: ARCS-227169 Received by IP Australia: Time 20:54 Date 2009-03-15 15/03/2009 19:55 15/3/009 1955 61-3-93901337 PATENT ATTORNEY SERV PG 03 PAGE 10/36 Ct It would be of assistance to provide a patient transfer device which could reduce or minimise the risk associated with patient transfer and facilitate a safer and easier IND movement of a non-ambulatory patient.
reference to any prior art in this specification is not, and should not be taken as, an ci acknowledgment or any form of suggestion that that prior art forms part of the common 0 general knowledge in Australia.
en SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 00 Cl Throughout this specification, unless the context requires otherwise, the word "comprise", or variations such as "comprises" or "comprising', will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated element or integer or group of elements or integers but not the exclusion of any other element or integer or group of elements or integers, In a first broad aspect, the invention resides in a patient transfer device comprising a rigid patient support board and gas delivery means, the patient support board having: a rigid upper wall for supporting a patient, a rigid lower wall which forms a lower surface of the patient support board and which includes one or more apertures, a hollow interior between the upper and lower walls defining at least one rigid walled chamber in fluid communication with the gas delivery means, whereby gas from the gas delivery means can be discharged through the one or more apertures in the lower wall so as to emerge between the lower surface of the patient support board and a 2s second surface separate from the patient support board to thereby support, at least in part, the weight of the patient support board and any load on the patient support board, a peripheral flange around the periphery of the upper wall and protruding above the general plane of an upper surface of the upper wall to provide a lateral retaining function, and a rigid peripheral side wall of the said at least one chamber which extends downwardly below the periphery of the upper wall and forms a continuation of said peripheral flange.
3 COMS ID No: ARCS-227169 Received by P1 Australia: Time 20:54 Date 2009-03-15 15/03/2009 19:55 61-3-99901337 PATENT ATTORNEY SERV PAGE 11/36
O
O
Ct The patient support board is preferably formed, at least in part, from carbon fibre reinforced resin, The patient support board may include lifting handles. The at least one ID chamber may include one or more reinforcing ribs. The reinforcing ribs may be longitudinally disposed in the chamber.
The gas delivery means preferably includes at least one cylinder of compressed gas.
The at least one cylinder of gas may be located on a trolley. Alternatively, the gas delivery means may include a pump. Alternatively or additionally, the gas Mn delivery means may include a fan operable to urge gas between the lower surface and the second surface. The gas delivery means may suitably be located on a trolley.
C' Alternatively, the gas delivery means may be located on the patient support board.
Alternatively, the gas delivery means may be located remotely from both a trolley and the patient support board but in fluid communication with one or both of the trolley and the patient support board. Preferably the gas provided is sterilised andlor filtered and may suitably be air.
The patient transfer device may further include pressure control means for controlling the discharge of gas from the gas delivery means. The pressure control means may be variable to thereby alter the rate and/or pressure of gas discharge. The pressure control means may be a hand-operated valve.
The patient transfer device may further include a trolley for carrying the patient support board and a patient. The trolley may be formed of, at least in part, a carbon fibre reinforced resin. A support base of the trolley may include a honeycomb synthetic core.
Support pillars of the trolley may be variable in height. The support pillars may be hydraulically and/or electrically activated. Preferably the support pillars are independently actuable. The trolley may include at least one mounting position for the gas delivery means. The at least one mounting position may be a recess with a cover.
Alternatively the at least one gas cylinder may form a structural element of the trolley.
In a second aspect, the invention resides in a method of transferring a patient between a trolley on which is located a patient transfer device according to the first aspect of the invention and an alternative support structure, the method comprising the steps of: 4 COMS ID No: ARCS-227169 Received by IP Australia: Time 20:54 Date 2009-03-15 15/03/2009 19:55 15/3/0891955 61-3-98901 337 PATENT ATTORNEY SERV RG 23 PAGE 12/36 ct discharging gas through the apertures in the lower wall of the rigid patient support board and against the second surface which is provided by the trolley and/or alternative support structure; providing an adequate discharge of gas to support, at Feast in part, the weight of the rigid patient support board and the patient; sliding the patient whilst on the patient support board from the trolley to the support structure or visa versa; and terminating the gaseous discharge when the patient is in a desired location.
00 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is an exploded perspective view of a first embodiment of a trolley and patient support board of the present invention.
Figure 2 is a side view of a second embodiment of a patient trolley and patient support board of the present invention.
Figure 3 is an end view of the patient trolley of Figure 2.
Figure 4 is a sectional view of a first embodiment of a patient support board.
Figure 5 is a sectional view of a second embodiment of a patient support board.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Referring to Figure 1 there is shown a patient trolley 10 in a perspective view with a separated rigid patient support board 11. The patient support board I I has an upper rigid wall providing a patient support surface 12 and a peripheral flange 13 which protrudes above the patient support surface 12 and serves the function of retaining a mattress or other cushioning devices for a patient. The patient support board I I has a side wall 14 which is continuous with the flange 13 and which forms the rigid wall of an internal chamber which is not visible in this view.
COMS ID No: ARCS-227169 Received by IP Australia: Time 20:54 Date 2009-03-15 15/03/2009 19:55 15/3/0091955 61-3-96901337 PATENT ATTORNEY SERV PG 33 PAGE 13/36 Ct The patient support board 11 may be suitably formed from a carbon fibre material to give IND a rigid hollow mattress support board.
The trolley may also be suitably formed from a carbon fibre material in combination with a honeycomb core and preferably with a smooth top surface so that in operation friction O is minimised, The trolley is preferably on castors 16 and may include an x-ray cassette Cl holding frame 17 which is adjustable under the upper surface 18 of the trolley o 10 An air inlet 15 is provided for the delivery of compressed gas into the chamber or Cl chambers of the patient support board 11.
In operation, compressed gas is delivered through the inlet 15 to exit via one or more apertures in a lower wall of the patient support board 11. When the patient support board 11 is located on the upper surface 18 of the trolley 10 the compressed gas is forced between the lower surface of the patient support board and the second separate surface 18 of the trolley 10. This compressed gas provides a separating effect between the two surfaces which leads to a net lift on the patient support board 11. As the lift increases frictional resistance between the lower-most surface of the lower wall of the patient support board 11 and the upper surface 18 of trolley 10 decreases and the patient support board 11 and any patient supported thereon may be moved laterally with decreased effort. In its most basic form the compressed gas may be simply Introduced between the patient support broad and the second surface. The former may be a planar board with or without a supporting wall or legs for engaging the trolley. In this case friction will be reduced between the second surface and the planar board or the supporting wall or the legs.
If adequate volume and -pressure of compressed gas is supplied, the effect will be an air bed separating the two surfaces and a greatly facilitated transfer of the patient on the patient support board 11 over upper surface 18 and onto an adjacent surface. The effect of friction can be minimised by having a -smooth or highly polished upper surface 18.
This may be mirrored in a likewise smooth finish to the lower most surface of the patient support board 11 so that the two surfaces are naturally slippery. This may require the 6 COMS ID No: ARCS-227169 Received by (P Australia: Time 20:54 Date 2009-03-15 15/03/2009 19:55 61-3-98901337 PATENT ATTORNEY SERV PAGE 14/36 ct provision of positive locking devices to ensure no risk of unplanned slipping between the Strolley and patient support board.
VO
Figure 2 shows a further embodiment of a patient trolley 19 and patient support board 20. The trolley, has full swivel castors 21 which are lockable and also has rails 22 for C receiving x-ray plates. The trolley 19 has a lower frame 23 which supports an upper O frame 24 through height adjustable pillars 25. The pillars may have a hydraulic or
VO
electrical lift apparatus internally which permits the height of the patient support board en, to be adjusted. The pillars 25 may be separately operable so that a fore and aft angle of tilt of the patient support board 20 may also be adjusted as required. A main control Cpanel 26 is provided for the control of the functions of the trolley and patient support board including release of gas to provide lift and adjustment of the pillars 25 as required.
The main chassis of the trolley may be vacuum bagged post cured carbon fibre which produces a light weight, easily-manoeuvrable and hygienic trolley. The trolley may also .have fold away. side railings 27 (shown in outline) which may be formed from clear acrylic. The trolley 19 is also includes a fold away table 28 which may be used when required to support surgical instruments, dressings, intra-venous fluids or similar treatment material.
Figure 3 shows an end view of the trolley arrangement of Figure 2 wherein the trolley 19 has an upper surface 29 formed as the top of a patient support base 30 which may be suitably formed from a carbon fibre material with a central honeycomb core to provide both strength and decreased weight of the device. The patient support board 20 is seen with an upper surface 31 and lower surface 32. Gas is indicated as discharging between the lower surface 32 and upper trolley surface 29 by arrows 33. Clearly as the compressed gas exits between the two surfaces a lifting action is provided against the lower surface 32 with the resultant tendency to clear the lower surface 32 from the upper trolley surface 29. In operation, the trolley 19 is located adjacent a table, bench or diagnostic surface as required. The height of the trolley 19 may be adjusted by alteration of the pillars 25 to increase or decrease the distance between the patient support board and the ground to correspond with the height of the surface onto which the patient is to be transferred. A gas bottle and delivery tube is seen in position on the trolley. A control valve 52 is visible and available for controlling the gas flow.
7 COMS ID No: ARCS-227169 Received by IP Australia: Time 20:54 Date 2009-03-15 15/03/2009 19:55 15/3/0091955 61-3-9e901337 PATENT ATTORNEY SERV PG 53 PAGE 15/36 Ct The compressed gas is activated to provide a lifting effect and the patient support board and patient may be slid laterally with decreased effort. If adequate pressure and lift is generated by the gas, transfer of the patient may be almost friction free and similar in action to a hovercraft. As the patient support board 20 leaves the trolley, the gas will act against the new surface onto which the patient is to be transferred ci which replaces the upper trolley surface 29 as an independent external surface to the patient support board en Figure 4 shows one form of a patient support board 34 in cross sectional perspective o 10 view. The patient support board 34 is formed with an upper wall 38 providing an upper surface 35 and lower surface 36 formed by a lower wall 37 of the patient support board 34. The lower wall 37 is spaced from and parallel to the upper wall 38 and a series of longitudinal ribs in the form of carbon fibre beams 39 are provided to reinforce and strengthen the board 34. A series of chambers 40 are formed by this construction and are enclosed by side walls 41t Discharge apertures 42 are shown throughout the lower wall 37 and the series of chambers 40 are preferably in fluid connection with each other.
A gas intake 43 valve is provided for delivery of compressed gas to the chambers The intake valve 43 may be conveniently connected to a flexible delivery hose which channels compressed gas from a source to the chambers 40- In operation, gas is released into the chambers 40 and on reaching a sufficient pressure commences to exit through the discharge apertures 42 providing an air bed under the lower surface 36 which as previously noted is preferably a highly polished and smooth surface. The gas intake valve 43 may include both an on/off mechanism as well as variable pressure and volume control so that the amount of lift may be varied as appropriate with patient size and the necessary manipulation of the board 34 and patient. The patient support board 34 also includes lateral flanges 44 formed from welding of the side walls 41 and a ridge of the upper surface The source of compressed gas may be any convenient arrangement. It is envisaged that a cylinder of compressed gas may be used. The cylinder may be conveniently stored in the trolley In a specially dedicated and hygienically covered recess. The tmolley may support a plurality of cylinders one or more of the cylinders may form structural elements or members of the trolleys. As the gas is discharged freely into the environment around a 8 COMS ID No: ARcs-227169 Received by IP Australia: Time 20:54 Date 2009-03-15 15/03/2009 19:55 61-3-98901337 PATENT ATTORNEY SERV PAGE 16/36 0 0 t patient it is preferred that the gas is sterilised and/or filtered prior to use so that air-borne contamination is minimised in operation, particularly in a surgical setting. The gas may ID be compressed air but can also be any suitable non-volatile gas or mixture of gases. In one embodiment, a source of compressed gas may be located on the patient support board thereby giving greater mobility onto a diagnostic bench and subsequently on to another trolley or convenient surface. The source of compressed gas may include a pump, such as a hydraulic or electric compressor, or may also use a form of fan-forced gas to provide the necessary lift.
Figure 5 shows a perspective sectional view of 'an embodiment of the present invention ci in which compressed gas is stored integrally in one or more chambers 45 of a patient support board 46. The compressed gas may be stored in the chambers 45 and controlled by an air pressure release control 47 which is located in a pathway between the chamber 45 and exit chambers 48 which have discharge apertures 49 for the release of compressed gas. This embodiment clearly has great utility in areas where the full trolley may not be available or where a second source of compressed gas is not accessible. The device may be primed for use by introduction of compressed gas through a gas intake valve It is clear from the above description that the present invention extends to both a patient support board and a patient support board when used with a patient trolley, The advantages to users and patients alike are significant. The patient may be transferred in a smooth, safe and non-concussive manner thereby increasing patient comfort.
Likewise, health professionals may avoid risk to themselves and also the patient by using the air bed transport system of the present invention to quickly and easily transfer a patient and support board into a desired location.
There is an advantage in providing the gas discharge mechanism in the patient support board as a single board which may then engage a variety of surfaces without needing to duplicate the mechanism repetitively on those various surfaces.
Throughout the specification the aim has been to describe the preferred embodiments of the invention without limiting the invention to any one embodiment or specific collection 9 COMS ID No: ARCS-227169 Received by IP Australia: Time 20:54 Date 2009-03-15 15/03/2009 19:55 61-3-98901337 PATENT ATTORNEY SERV PAGE 17/36 of features. Those of skill in the art will therefore appreciate that, in light of the instant disclosure, various modifications and changes can be made in the particular embodiments exemplified without departing from the scope of the present invention. All such modifications and changes are intended to be included within the scope of the appendant claims.
COMS ID No: ARCS-227169 Received by IP Australia: Time 20:54 Date 2009-03-15
Claims (10)
- 2. The patient transfer device of claim 1 wherein the patient support board is formned, at least in part, from carbon fibre reinforced resin.
- 3. The patient transfer device of claim I or 2 wherein the at least one chamber has one or more reinforcing ribs.
- 4. The patient transfer device of claim 3 wherein the reinforcing ribs are longitudinally disposed in at least one said chamber.
- 5. The patient transfer device of any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein two to four longitudinal chambers are formed in the patient support board.
- 6. The patient transfer device of claim 5 wherein one or more chambers act as a reservoir for compressed gas which is selectively releaseable into one or more other I1I COMS ID No: ARCS-227169 Received by IP Australia: Time 20:54 Date 2009-03-15 I r-/MID/llff in Crnc ±.IuJozuu t).u o±-3ci89jjj7 I-PTENI ANTORNEY SEPV PAGE 19/36 Ct chambers which have the one or more apertures for discharging gas between the lower surface and the second surface. IND
- 7. The patient transfer device of any one of claims 1 to 6 wherein the gas delivery means is located at least in part on a trolley adapted to carry the patient transfer device. O8. The patient transfer device of any one of claims 1 to 6 wherein the gas delivery means is located on the patient support board, O 10 9. The patient transfer device of any one of claims 1 to 6 wherein the gas delivery ci means is located remotely from the patient support board and a trolley which carries the patient transfer device and is in fluid communication with patient support board. 1. The patient transfer device of any one of claims 1 to 6 and having a trolley carrying the patient support board and a load on the patient support board such as a patient.
- 11. The patient transfer device of claim 10 wherein the trolley is formed, at least in part, of a carbon fibre reinforced resin.
- 12. The patient transfer device of claim 11 wherein the trolley has a support base for supporting the patient support board, the support base including a honeycomb synthetic core.
- 13. A rigid patient support board substantially as described herein with particular reference to the figures.
- 14. A method of transferring a patient between a trolley on which is located a patient transfer device as claimed in any one of the preceding claims and an alternative support structure, said method comprising the steps of: discharging gas through the apertures in the lower wall of the rigid patient support board and against the second surface which is provided by the trolley and/or alternative support structure; 12 COMS ID No: ARCS-227169 Received by IP Australia: Time 20:54 Date 2009-03-15 15/03/2009 19:55 61-3-98901337 PATENT ATTORNEY SERV PAGE 20/36 ON O O providing an adequate discharge of gas to support, at least in part, the weight of G the rigid patient support board and the patient; sliding the patient whilst on the patient support board from the trolley to the support structure or visa versa; and terminating the gaseous discharge when the patient is in a desired location. A patient transfer device having a rigid support board and trolley substantially as O described herein with particular reference to the figures. 01 13 COMS ID No: ARCS-227169 Received by IP Australia: Time 20:54 Date 2009-03-15
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2003246027A AU2003246027B2 (en) | 2002-09-11 | 2003-09-11 | Patient transfer device and method |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2002951322A AU2002951322A0 (en) | 2002-09-11 | 2002-09-11 | Patient transfer device and method |
| AU2002951322 | 2002-09-11 | ||
| AU2003246027A AU2003246027B2 (en) | 2002-09-11 | 2003-09-11 | Patient transfer device and method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU2003246027A1 AU2003246027A1 (en) | 2004-04-01 |
| AU2003246027B2 true AU2003246027B2 (en) | 2009-04-02 |
Family
ID=34275568
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2003246027A Ceased AU2003246027B2 (en) | 2002-09-11 | 2003-09-11 | Patient transfer device and method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU2003246027B2 (en) |
Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3667073A (en) * | 1970-12-18 | 1972-06-06 | Hiram H Renfroe | Patient transporter |
| US3739407A (en) * | 1971-01-18 | 1973-06-19 | Cornell Aeronautical Labor Inc | Invalid transfer apparatus |
| US4417639A (en) * | 1981-11-16 | 1983-11-29 | Jack Wegener | Dynamic gas pressured jacking structure with improved load stability and air pallet employing same |
| US4686719A (en) * | 1984-05-22 | 1987-08-18 | American Industrial Research, Inc. | Semi-rigid air pallet type patient mover |
| US5065464A (en) * | 1990-07-30 | 1991-11-19 | Ssi Medical Services, Inc. | Apparatus for transferring a patient between patient support surfaces |
| US5067189A (en) * | 1990-04-11 | 1991-11-26 | Weedling Robert E | Air chamber type patient mover air pallet with multiple control features |
| US5860174A (en) * | 1996-12-03 | 1999-01-19 | Hausted, Inc. | Patient transfer mattress system |
| US6073291A (en) * | 1997-02-21 | 2000-06-13 | Davis; David T. | Inflatable medical patient transfer apparatus |
| US6701544B2 (en) * | 1999-06-14 | 2004-03-09 | Hill-Rom Services, Inc. | Patient transfer apparatus |
-
2003
- 2003-09-11 AU AU2003246027A patent/AU2003246027B2/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3667073A (en) * | 1970-12-18 | 1972-06-06 | Hiram H Renfroe | Patient transporter |
| US3739407A (en) * | 1971-01-18 | 1973-06-19 | Cornell Aeronautical Labor Inc | Invalid transfer apparatus |
| US4417639A (en) * | 1981-11-16 | 1983-11-29 | Jack Wegener | Dynamic gas pressured jacking structure with improved load stability and air pallet employing same |
| US4686719A (en) * | 1984-05-22 | 1987-08-18 | American Industrial Research, Inc. | Semi-rigid air pallet type patient mover |
| US5067189A (en) * | 1990-04-11 | 1991-11-26 | Weedling Robert E | Air chamber type patient mover air pallet with multiple control features |
| USRE35299E (en) * | 1990-04-11 | 1996-07-23 | Robert E. Weedling | Air chamber type patient mover air pallet with multiple control features |
| US5065464A (en) * | 1990-07-30 | 1991-11-19 | Ssi Medical Services, Inc. | Apparatus for transferring a patient between patient support surfaces |
| US5860174A (en) * | 1996-12-03 | 1999-01-19 | Hausted, Inc. | Patient transfer mattress system |
| US6073291A (en) * | 1997-02-21 | 2000-06-13 | Davis; David T. | Inflatable medical patient transfer apparatus |
| US6701544B2 (en) * | 1999-06-14 | 2004-03-09 | Hill-Rom Services, Inc. | Patient transfer apparatus |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2003246027A1 (en) | 2004-04-01 |
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|---|---|---|---|
| FGA | Letters patent sealed or granted (standard patent) | ||
| MK14 | Patent ceased section 143(a) (annual fees not paid) or expired |