AU2004205105B2 - Method and apparatus for intraocular retinal tack inserter - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for intraocular retinal tack inserter Download PDFInfo
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- AU2004205105B2 AU2004205105B2 AU2004205105A AU2004205105A AU2004205105B2 AU 2004205105 B2 AU2004205105 B2 AU 2004205105B2 AU 2004205105 A AU2004205105 A AU 2004205105A AU 2004205105 A AU2004205105 A AU 2004205105A AU 2004205105 B2 AU2004205105 B2 AU 2004205105B2
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- Prior art keywords
- retinal
- electrode element
- electrodes
- tack
- eyeball
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- 230000002207 retinal effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 97
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 18
- 210000005252 bulbus oculi Anatomy 0.000 claims description 31
- 210000001525 retina Anatomy 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000269627 Amphiuma means Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 11
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 9
- 210000001508 eye Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000003128 head Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000003786 sclera Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004872 soft tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004127 vitreous body Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
- A61B17/064—Surgical staples, i.e. penetrating the tissue
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
- A61B17/068—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting in contact-lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
- A61F9/007—Methods or devices for eye surgery
- A61F9/00727—Apparatus for retinal reattachment
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
- A61B17/08—Wound clamps or clips, i.e. not or only partly penetrating the tissue ; Devices for bringing together the edges of a wound
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
- A61B2017/00367—Details of actuation of instruments, e.g. relations between pushing buttons, or the like, and activation of the tool, working tip, or the like
- A61B2017/00398—Details of actuation of instruments, e.g. relations between pushing buttons, or the like, and activation of the tool, working tip, or the like using powered actuators, e.g. stepper motors, solenoids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
- A61B17/064—Surgical staples, i.e. penetrating the tissue
- A61B2017/0641—Surgical staples, i.e. penetrating the tissue having at least three legs as part of one single body
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
- A61B17/064—Surgical staples, i.e. penetrating the tissue
- A61B2017/0647—Surgical staples, i.e. penetrating the tissue having one single leg, e.g. tacks
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)
- Prostheses (AREA)
Description
S&FRef: 563804D1
AUSTRALIA
PATENTS ACT 1990 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION FOR A STANDARD PATENT Name and Address of Applicant: Actual Inventor(s): Address for Service: Invention Title: Second Sight, LLC, of P.O. Box 905, Santa Clarita, California, 91380-9005, United States of America Robert J Greenberg Joseph H Schulman Spruson Ferguson St Martins Tower Level 31 Market Street Sydney NSW 2000 (CCN 3710000177) Method and apparatus for intraocular retinal tack inserter The following statement is a full description of this invention, including the best method of performing it known to me/us:- 5845c 563804D1 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR INTRAOCULAR RETINAL TACK INSERTER Field of the Invention This invention relates to implanting retinal tacks and to the securing of a retinal electrode element to a back of an eyeball.
Background An example of a preexisting tool for implanting retinal tacks is Sinnett, U.S.
Patent No. 4,784,138; and No. 4,712,550. Actual laboratory experience with the Sinnett tool found that an apparatus like Sinnett's applied too much force to the retina.
Consequently, this tool has a restricted functional ability to tack devices to the back of the eye.
Summary In accordance with one aspect of the present disclosure there is provided a method for securing a retinal electrode element to the back of the eyeball comprising the steps: a. holding and steadying the retinal electrode element; b. applying a vibrating forward and back motion to the retinal electrode element; c. forcing the electrode element's spike electrodes, real or dummy and into materials to be secured to the back of the eyeball and into the retina, in any order; d. forcing the electrode element's spike electrodes, real or dummy, into the back of the eyeball.
In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure there is provided a method for securing a retinal electrode element to the back of the eyeball comprising the steps: a. holding and steadying the retinal electrode element; b. applying a sudden force to the retinal element; c. forcing the electrode element's spike electrodes, real or dummy, into the retina and other materials to be secured to the back of the eyeball, in any order; d. forcing the electrode element's spike electrodes, real or dummy, into the back of the eyeball.
R:\ibpp\03198.doc 563804D1 -2- In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure there is provided apparatus for securing a retinal electrode element to the back of the eyeball comprising: a. means for holding and steadying the retinal electrode element; b. means to vibrate the retinal electrode element in a forward and back direction; c. means to force the retinal electrode element's spike electrodes, real or dummy into the retina and into other material that is to be secured to the interior back surface of the eyeball, in any order; d. means to force the retinal electrode element's spike electrodes, real or 1o dummy, into the back of the eyeball.
In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure there is provided apparatus for securing a retinal electrode element to the back of the eyeball comprising: a. means for holding and steadying the retinal electrode element; b. means for apply a sudden force to the retinal electrode element; c. means for forcing the retinal electrode element's spike electrodes, real or dummy, into the retina and into other materials that are to be secured to the interior back surface of the eyeball, in any order; d. forcing the retinal electrode element's spike electrodes, real or dummy, into the back of the eyeball.
In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure there is provided apparatus comprising a barb means formed as part of the elongated spike electrode of the retinal electrode element so as to keep the electrode from pulling out of the living tissue in which it is implanted.
In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure there is provided a method comprising the step of forming a barb on a plurality of the elongate spike electrodes of the retinal electrode element so that the electrode will tend to not pull out of the living tissue in which it is embedded.
In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure there is provided apparatus comprising a barb means formed as part of the elongated spike dummy nonworking electrode to keep the dummy, non-working electrode from pulling out of the living tissue in which it is implanted.
R:\libpp\03198.doc 563804D1 -2a In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure there is provided a method comprising the step of forming a barb means as part of the elongate spiked dummy non-working electrode in order to keep the dummy, non-working electrode from pulling out of the living tissue in which it is implanted.
In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure there is provided a method for implanting a retinal tack comprising the steps: a. holding said retinal tack; b. applying a vibrating forward and back motion to said retinal tack; and i0 c. forcing with said vibrating forward and back motion, said retinal tack into a retina and other materials to be secured and into the back of an eyeball.
In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure there is provided a method for implanting a retinal tack comprising the steps: a. holding said retinal tack; b. applying a sudden force to said retinal tack; and c. forcing, with said sudden force, said retinal tack into a retina and other materials to be secured and into the back of an eyeball, in any order.
In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure there is provided an apparatus for implanting a retinal tack comprising: a. means for holding said retinal tack; b. means for vibrating said retinal tack in a forward and back direction; and c. means for forcing said retinal tack into a retina and other material to be secured and into an interior back surface of an eyeball while vibrating said retinal tack.
In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure there is provided an apparatus for implanting a retinal tack comprising: a. means for holding said retinal tack; b. means for applying a sudden force to said tack; and c. means for forcing with said sudden force, said retinal tack into a retina and other materials to be secured to an interior back surface of an eyeball.
R:\libpp\03198.doc 563804D1 2b In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure there is provided a method for securing a retinal electrode element to a back of an eyeball comprising the steps: a. holding and steadying said retinal electrode element; b. applying a vibrating forward and back motion to said retinal electrode element; and c. forcing, with said vibrating forward and back motion, spike electrodes on said electrode element, real or dummy, and into materials to be secured to the back of the eyeball and into a retina, in any order.
In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure there is provided a method for securing a retinal electrode element to a back of an eyeball comprising the steps: a. holding and steadying said retinal electrode element; b. applying a sudden force to said retinal electrode element; and c. forcing, with said sudden force, spiked electrodes on said electrode element, read or dummy, into a retina and other materials to be secured to the back of the eyeball, in any order.
In one implementation, a tack suitable for insertion into the retina is driven into the retina by the repeated minute blows from the rapid contractions and expansions of a piezoelectric crystal.
In one implementation, a tack suitable for insertion into the retina is driven into the retina by the repeated minute blows from the rapid contractions and expansions of a piezoelectric crystal.
In another implementation, a single, short impulse is used to drive the tack home.
With this mode of tack driving, a remotely placed driver couples its motion to the tack using an elongated tube filled with a suitable hydraulic fluid.
Similar method and apparatus is used for implanting a retinal implant having spike-like electrodes. In another implementation, a retinal implant with spike-like electrodes is driven into the retina (or other suitable tissue which can hold the implant) by the repeated minute blows from the rapid contractions and expansions of the piezoelectric crystal. The spiked electrodes may have a barbed point so as to facilitate their remaining imbedded in the interior wall of the back of the eye.
R:\libpp\03198.doc 563804D1 2c- In a further implementation, a single, short impulse is used to drive the retinal implant with spiked-electrodes home. With this mode of driving the spiked-electrode retinal implant, a remotely placed driver couples its motion to the implant using an elongated tube filled with a suitable hydraulic fluid. The spiked electrodes are driven into tissue suitable to hold it in place. The spike electrodes may have a type of barb point on them so as to facilitate their remaining imbedded in the interior wall of the back of the eye. A plurality of spike electrodes may be dummy electrodes in that they function only as mechanical anchors, and do not function as electrodes. Thus, four comer dummy electrodes may anchor the retinal electrode element, which may even [THE NEXT PAGE IS PAGE 3] R:\libpp\03198.doc have the rest of its electrodes shorter than the dummy electrodes or have the rest of the electrodes as flat electrodes.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The above and other features and advantages of the invention will be more apparent from the following detailed description wherein: Figure 1 shows a retinal tacker that uses an electronically driven piezoelectric crystal; Figure 2 shows a retinal tacker that uses a remote impulse driver connected by a tube filled with hydraulic fluid; Figure 3 shows a retinal implant tacker, for an implant with spiked electrodes, that uses an electronically driven piezoelectric crystal; Figure 4 shows a retinal implant tacker, for an implant with spiked electrodes, which uses a remote impulse driver connected by a tube filled with hydraulic fluid; Figure 5a shows a barb similar to a retinal tack for use with the spiked electrodes; Figure 5b shows a barb similar to a fishhook for use with the spiked electrodes; Figure 6a shows a plurality of dummy non-working electrodes that extend beyond the lengths of the electrodes and anchor the retinal electrode element to the back of the eyeball; Figure 6b shows a plurality of dummy non-working electrodes that extend sufficiently beyond the relevant lengths of the electrodes which are proportioned to the curvature of the retinal and anchor the retinal electrode element to the back of the eyeball.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The following description is of the best mode presently contemplated for carrying out the invention. This description is not to be taken in a limiting sense, bpt is merely made for the purpose of describing the general principles of the invention. The scope.
of the invention should be determined with reference to the claims.
This invention is a method and apparatus for implanting retinal tacks and into the retina, as well as for doing the same for retinal implants with spike electrodes. Figure 1 shows a retinal tacker that uses a piezoelectric crystal electrically driven by electrical source which may be a battery. The electrical or electronics unit also contains required resonant elements. The piezoelectric crystal undergoes a constrictionrelaxation cycle under the application of an alternating current via wires Thus, the piezoelectric crystal is set into a vibrating motion that is mechanically coupled, by the tack holder to the retinal tack A mechanical system, in Fig. 1 or Fig. 2, holds a retinal tack The tack is made from titanium or from a similarly sufficiently biologically non-reactive material.
The material used must be sufficiently non-reactive with the back of the eyeball (sclera) where the tack is implanted, as well as the retina itself, and the vitreous humor fluid of the eye.
The tack is inserted into the eye with the holder and placed against the retinal surface. As shown, in Fig. 1, when the tack is touching the retinal surface the electronic drive circuitry is turned on which causes the piezoelectric crystal to vibrate. The vibrating crystal is mechanically coupled to the tack and allows the surgeon to insert the tack into the retina with less force. The vibrations allow the hard tack to enter the soft tissue of the retina instead of pushing it out of the way.
Advantageously, the vibrations make it easier to insert the tack into the sclera, since the relaxation time of the organic tissues is shorter for breaking and longer for bending.
Each vibration imparts a quick cutting effect to the leading point of the tack. Although each vibration is a short movement, the high rate of vibration results in effectively a longer, but individually for each vibration, a quick cutting action. The longer time comprises the sum of the individual forward vibration times and the non-forward part of the vibration stroke.
Figure 3 illustrates the piezo-electric driver (Figure 1) for a retinal tack (Figure 1, applied to the retinal implant (20) with spike electrodes In this embodiment the head (21) of a retinal tack is mounted on or near the center of the retinal implant The holder fits the head-of-tack fitting (21) and the operation is similar to driving a single tack. A plurality of arms (22) emanating and anchored to the holder act to steady the implantable electrode element One embodiment of this invention uses four arms (22) to steady the four corners of a rectangular shaped back surface of the electrode element Tn Figures 1,2,3 and 4, the electrode element (20) is shown with a curvature so as to conform to the curvature of the retina However, the large number of spike electrodes (23) can require a larger voltage input into the piezo-electric crystal so as to produce a proportionally larger force (approximately). In another aspect of the invention, a plurality of spike electrodes may be dummy electrodes in that they function only as mechanical anchors, and do not function as electrodes. Thus, four corner dummy electrodes may anchor the retinal electrode element, which may even have the rest of its electrodes shorter than the dummy electrodes or have the rest of the electrodes as flat electrodes.
Figure 2 shows a retinal tacker that uses a piston electrically driven by electrical source which may be a battery. In this alternative embodiment, the electronic circuitry (12) is turned on causing a piston to impact hydraulic fluid (10) in a thin tube The sudden impulse of the piston is transmitted to the tack being held in its tack holder This sudden impulse drives the tack into the retinal wall Advantageously, the sudden impulse is such that a large amount of force is transmitted in a very short time. Consequently the tack is forced into the desired organic tissue and does not just push it back or bend it.
Figure 4 illustrates the hydraulic driver (Figure 2) for a retinal tack (Figure 2, applied to the retinal implant (20) with spike electrodes In this embodiment the head (21) of a retinal tack (Figure 2, is mounted on or near the center of the retinal implant The holder fits the head-of-tack fitting (21) and the operation is similar to driving a single tack (Figure 2, However, the large number of spike electrodes (23) can require either a larger voltage input into the piston driving circuitry or a larger fluid driving piston so as to produce an approximate proportionally larger force. A plurality of arms (22) emanating and anchored to the holder act to steady the implantable electrode element One embodiment of this invention uses four arms (22) to steady the four corners of a rectangular shaped back surface of the electrode element In Figures 1,2,3 and 4, the electrode element (20) is shown with a curvature so as to conform to the curvature of the retina Two types of barbs for the retinal element's spike electrodes are shown in Figure Figure 5a shows a barb (51) similar to a retinal tack. The tack-type barb (51) is formed as part of the spike electrode Figure 5b shows a barb (53) similar to a fishhook barb. The fishhook-type barb (53) is formed as part of the retinal element's spike electrodes The barb help the electrode stay anchored in the tissue in which it has been driven by one of the embodiments of this retinal tacker invention. A plurality of spike electrodes may be dummy electrodes in that they function only as mechanical anchors (Figure 6a and and do not function as electrodes. Thus (Figure 6a), four corner dummy electrodes (611) may anchor the retinal electrode element which may even have the rest of its electrodes (612) shorter than the dummy electrodes (611) or have the rest of the electrodes (Figure 6b) as retina matching curved envelope electrodes (613). The head-of-tack fitting (21) is also shown with the retina The retinal tack or the spike electrode with its barb may attach a retinal electrode element in an epiretinal or subretinal position. It may attach other items and the retina as well as a retinal electrode element or other eye implantable element to the back of the interior of the eyeball, in any order, impaled on the tack or the barbed spike electrode, dummy or real. The practical limitation is placed by the length of the tack or barbed spike electrode, real or dummy and by the holding power of the imbedded tack or barbed spike electrode, real or dummy.
While the invention herein disclosed has been described by means of specific embodiments and applications thereof, numerous modifications and variations could be made thereto by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention set forth in the claims.
Claims (8)
1. A method for securing a retinal electrode element to the back of the eyeball comprising the steps of: a. holding and steadying the retinal electrode element; b. applying a sudden force to the retinal element; c. forcing the electrode element's spike electrodes, real or dummy, into the retina and other materials to be secured to the back of the eyeball, in any order; d. forcing the electrode element's spike electrodes, real or dummy, into the 1o back of the eyeball.
2. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of originating the sudden force from a driven piston.
3. The method of claim 2 further comprising the step of imparting the piston's force directly to the retinal electrode element.
4. The method of claim 2 further comprising the step of imparting the piston's force indirectly to the retinal electrode element using a hydraulic fluid contained within a thin tube.
An apparatus for securing a retinal electrode element to the back of the eyeball comprising: a. means for holding and steadying the retinal electrode element; b. means for apply a sudden force to the retinal electrode element; c. means for forcing the retinal electrode element's spike electrodes, real or dummy, into the retina and into other materials that are to be secured to the interior back surface of the eyeball, in any order; d. forcing the retinal electrode element's spike electrodes, real or dummy, into the back of the eyeball.
6. The apparatus of claim 5 further comprising a driven piston that supplies the sudden force to the retinal electrode element. [R:\LIBPP]03198_a.doc:EAA I
7. The apparatus of claim 5 further comprising the direct transfer of the piston's sudden force to the retinal electrode element.
8. The apparatus as in claim 5 further comprising the indirect transfer of the piston's sudden force using hydraulic fluid means. DATED this fourth Day of April, 2006 Second Sight, LLC Patent Attorneys for the Applicant So SPRUSON FERGUSON [R:\LIBPP]03198_a.doc:EAA
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2006202583A AU2006202583B2 (en) | 1999-01-05 | 2006-06-16 | Method and apparatus for intraocular retinal tack inserter |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US09/225267 | 1999-01-05 | ||
| PCT/US2000/000092 WO2000040161A1 (en) | 1999-01-05 | 2000-01-04 | Method and apparatus for intraocular retinal tack inserter |
| AU36920/00A AU776879B2 (en) | 1999-01-05 | 2000-01-04 | Method and apparatus for intraocular retinal tack inserter |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU36920/00A Division AU776879B2 (en) | 1999-01-05 | 2000-01-04 | Method and apparatus for intraocular retinal tack inserter |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2006202583A Division AU2006202583B2 (en) | 1999-01-05 | 2006-06-16 | Method and apparatus for intraocular retinal tack inserter |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU2004205105A1 AU2004205105A1 (en) | 2004-09-16 |
| AU2004205105B2 true AU2004205105B2 (en) | 2006-05-25 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2004205105A Ceased AU2004205105B2 (en) | 1999-01-05 | 2004-08-13 | Method and apparatus for intraocular retinal tack inserter |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU2004205105B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109745171B (en) * | 2019-02-01 | 2024-06-07 | 北京清华长庚医院 | Nail holder for retinal prosthesis microelectrode fixing nail |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4154228A (en) * | 1976-08-06 | 1979-05-15 | California Institute Of Technology | Apparatus and method of inserting a microelectrode in body tissue or the like using vibration means |
-
2004
- 2004-08-13 AU AU2004205105A patent/AU2004205105B2/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4154228A (en) * | 1976-08-06 | 1979-05-15 | California Institute Of Technology | Apparatus and method of inserting a microelectrode in body tissue or the like using vibration means |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2004205105A1 (en) | 2004-09-16 |
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