AU2005201380B2

AU2005201380B2 - Anionic phthalic acid ester compounds and stain resistant compositions

Info

Publication number: AU2005201380B2
Application number: AU2005201380A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Thomas N. Sargent; Michael S Williams
Original assignee: Peach State Labs Inc
Current assignee: Peach State Labs Inc
Priority date: 2005-04-01
Filing date: 2005-04-01
Publication date: 2010-10-21
Anticipated expiration: 2025-04-01
Also published as: AU2005201380A1

Description

1 ANIONIC PHTHALIC ACID ESTER COMPOUNDS AND STAIN RESISTANT COMPOSITIONS 5 BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the invention The invention relates to compounds formed from anionic phthalic acids with diols and unsaturated acids or anhydrides, and to polymers and copolymers of these monomers with unsaturated acids or esters, which compounds, polymers and 10 copolymers be incorporated into stain resist compositions suitable for application to fibers, fabric, carpet, and the like. 2. Definition In the specification the term "comprising" shall be understood to have a broad meaning similar to the term "including" and will be understood to imply the inclusion 15 of a stated integer or step or group of integers or steps but not the exclusion of any other integer or step or group of integers or steps. This definition also applies to variations on the term "comprising" such as "comprise" and "comprises". 3. Description of Related Art Nylon has had a dramatic effect on both industry and society since its 20 discovery by W. H. Carothers more than fifty years ago. It is estimated that 75% of all carpet currently produced in the United States, and 46% of all carpet produced in Europe, is prepared from nylon fiber. Nylon fiber is relatively inexpensive and offers a combination of desirable qualities such as comfort, warmth, and ease of manufacture into a broad range of colors, patterns, and textures. However, nylon, as 25 well as other polyamide fibers and fabrics, is easily stained by certain natural and artificial colorants such as those found in coffee, mustard, wine, and soft drinks.

2 Fluorochemical coatings have been developed that prevent wetting of the carpet surface, by minimizing chemical contact between the carpet surface and substances that can stain the carpet, making the substance easier to remove. Fluorochemicals also provide a physical barrier to staining material. Examples of 5 commercially available fluorochemical coatings include Teledyne (Daikin), Nuva (Clariant) and Zepel.TM. and Teflon.TM. (E. I. Du Pont deNemours & Co.). Antron Plus.TM. carpet manufactured by Du Pont contains nylon carpet fibers coated with fluorocarbons. While fluorochemical coatings are effective in protecting carpet from 10 substances such as soil, they offer little protection from stains resulting from acid dyes that are found in common household materials such as wine, mustard and soft drinks. Acid dyes are bases that bond to protonated amino sites in the polyamide fiber. A wide variety of methods have been developed to make polyamide fibers or other fibers with terminal amino groups more resistant to staining by acid dyes. The 15 most widely used method involves the application to the polyamide fiber of a formaldehyde phenol or naphthol condensation polymer that has sulfonate groups on the aromatic rings. The sulfonate and hydroxyl groups sonically bond to available protonated amino groups in the polyamide fiber, preventing the protonated amino groups from later bonding to common household acid dyes. The polymeric coating 20 also protects the carpet fiber by creating a barrier of negative electric charge at the surface of the fiber that prevents like-charged acid dyes from penetrating the fiber. Examples of phenol-formaldehyde condensation polymers are described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,501,591 to Ucci, et al., and U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,592,940 and 4,680,212 to Blythe, et al. In particular, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,592,940 and 4,680,212 describe a 25 formaldehyde condensation product formed from a mixture of sulfonated 3 dihydroxydiphenylsulfone and phenolsulphonic acid, wherein at least 40% of the repeating units contain an --SO 3 X radical, and at least 40% of the repeating units are dihydroxydiphenylsulfone. Sulfonated hydroxyaromatic formaldehyde condensation products marketed as stain resistant agents include ErionalTM NW (Ciba-Geigy 5 Limited, containing a formaldehyde condensation copolymer of dihydroxydiphenylsulfone and naphthalene sulfonic acid), Intratex NTM (Crompton & Knowles Corp.), MesitolTM NBS (Mobay Corporation), FX-369 (Minnesota Mining & Mfg. Co.), CB-130 (Grifflex Corp.), and Nylofixan P (Clariant Corp., containing a formaldehyde condensation copolymer of 10 dihydroxydiphenylsulfone and 2,4- dimethylbenzenesulfonic acid). Antron StainmasterTM carpet manufactured by Du Pont contains nylon fibers that have both a fluorocarbon coating and a sulfonated phenolformaldehyde condensation polymeric coating. While sulfonated hydroxyaromatic formaldehyde condensation polymeric 15 coatings reduce the staining of polyamide fibers by acid dyes, they do not impart resistance to staining by compounds such as mustard with tumeric or hot coffee. Further, ultraviolet light and nitrogen dioxide can yellow the polymers over time. The yellowing can be severe enough to prevent the use of the stain resistant compositions on light shaded textile articles. Efforts to overcome the discoloration 20 problem are discussed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,780,099 to Greschler, et al., describing the reduction of yellowing by application of phenol formaldehyde condensation stain resistant compositions at pH values of 1.5-2.5, and in European Patent Application 87301180.3 by E. I. Du Pont Nemours & Co., describing that polyamide fabrics with improved resistance to staining as well as discoloration prepared with etherified or 25 acylated formaldehyde phenol condensation polymers. U.S. Pat. No. 4,822,373 to 4 Olson et al. discloses a stain resisting composition for nylon fibers prepared by blending a partially sulfonated novolak resin with a homopolymer of methacrylic acid or a copolymer of methacrylic acid with another ethylenically unsaturated monomer. U.S. Pat. No. 4,937,123 to Chang et al. discloses a stain resistant composition 5 for nylon fibers that includes a homopolymer of methacrylic acid or a copolymer of at least 30% methacrylic acid with another ethylenically unsaturated monomer. U.S. Pat. No. 4,940,757 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,061,763 to Moss, et al., disclose a stain resistant composition prepared by polymerizing an a-substituted acrylic acid in the presence of a sulfonated aromatic formaldehyde condensation polymer 10 using a free radical generating agent. The resulting product imparts to polyamides improved resistance to acid dyes, while exhibiting little discoloration over time, and can be used at levels of application less than other compositions that are composed of a mere blend of polymethacrylic acid and a sulfonated aromatic formaldehyde condensation polymer. 15 While the above-described stain resistant compositions impart a degree of protection to polyamide fibers, many of them are colored solutions that actually alter the color of the fiber upon application. For example, when a yellow or amber solution is applied to a blue fiber, the fiber can acquire a greenish tint. Given the tremendous volume of polyamide fiber used domestically and commercially world-wide, there is a 20 need to provide still improved stain resistant compositions that offer a suitable combination of protection from staining by common products such as mustard, coffee, and soft drinks, that do not discolor over time, and that are economical to produce. There is also a need to provide a stain resistant composition that is sufficiently colorless that it does not alter the tint of the dyed fiber.

5 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In one embodiment, the invention relates to a compound having the formula I, show below: D K 0-A-0 O-E-OH 5 wherein A is an unsaturated alkylene moiety; B the residue of a polyol wherein one hydroxyl moiety is esterified with one carboxyl moiety of the phthalic acid moiety; D is the residue of a polyol wherein one hydroxyl moiety is esterified with another carboxyl moiety of the phthalic acid moiety, and another hydroxyl moiety is esterified with one carboxyl moiety of the unsaturated alkylene moiety; E is the residue of polyol wherein 10 one hydroxyl moiety is esterified with another carboxyl moiety of the unsaturated alkylene moiety; and M is a cation. In another embodiment, the invention relates to polymers and copolymers formed by the polymerization of the compound of Formula 1. In another embodiment, the invention relates to stain resist compositions 15 containing these compounds, polymers, or copolymers. The compound, when reacted with other polymerizable monomers to form copolymers, provides good repeatability. The resulting polymers or copolymers, by virtue of the strong anionic character of the sulfonic acid groups, bond strongly to cationic moieties in the polymer structures of fibers or fabrics, particularly to nylons 20 and wools, providing a durable stain resist composition. This strong anionic character also provides excellent resistance to stain agents, many of which have anionic 6 moieties that are unable to compete for binding sites with the stain resist polymer, and are electrostatically repelled by the anionic nature of the stain resist polymer. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIG. I is a series of color photographs showing results of stain resistance 5 testing and nitrous oxide resistance testing of the compositions according to the invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF SPECIFIC EMBODIMENTS As summarized above, one aspect of the invention is the monomer having the Formula I: oo o o 0 0 kO-A-O O-E-OH 10 soaM wherein A is an unsaturated alkylene moiety; B the residue of a substituted or unsubstituted polyol wherein one hydroxyl moiety is esterified with one carboxyl moiety of the phthalic acid moiety; D is the residue of a substituted or unsubstituted polyol wherein one hydroxyl moiety is esterified with another carboxyl moiety of the 15 phthalic acid moiety, and another hydroxyl moiety is esterified with one carboxyl moiety of the unsaturated alkylene moiety; E is the residue of a substituted or unsubstituted polyol wherein one hydroxyl moiety is esterified with another carboxyl moiety of the unsaturated alkylene moiety; and M is a cation. Suitable cations include monovalent cations, such as those of alkali metals or ammonium. 20 The monomer can be prepared by reacting polyols B, D, and E with the anhydride of the unsaturated acid, and the sulfo-substituted phthalic acid in aqueous 7 solution in the presence of a catalyst, such as para-toluenesulfonic acid or butyistannoic acid, along with dehydration catalyst such as TYZOR tm (DuPont) and sodium tetraborate. Polyol residues B, D, and E may be formed from a C4 to C8, straight chain, 5 branched, or cyclic polyol, and the same polyol may be used to form two or all three residues. Polyol residues B, D, and E may be formed from diols. In a particular embodiment, polyol residues B, D, and E are each formed from the same diol, which is either a 1 6-hexanediol, Neopentyl glycol or a I 4-cyclohexanedimethanol. Polyol residues B, D, and E may be unsubstituted, or may be substituted by one or more 10 moieties that will not interfere with either the polymerization of the resulting monomer, or with its ability to bind to fibers or fabrics and provide stain resistive properties. As used herein, the term "a phthalic acid" is used to refer to any at least di carboxy-substituted phenyl moiety, and includes o-phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, and terephthalic acid. The phthalic acid moieties used in the monomer of the invention 15 include those that are substituted by at least one sulfo group. In a particular embodiment of the invention, the phthalic acid moiety of the monomer is that derived by esterifying 5-sulfoisophthalic acid with the polyols described above. The unsaturated polycarboxylic acid moiety, which is also esterified with polyols, as described above, is typically a straight chain or branched dicarboxylic acid 20 containing at least one ethylenic linkage. Suitable examples include maleic acid, fumaric acid, glutaconic acid, itaconic acid, and the like: These acids may be introduced into the reaction mixture as the corresponding anhydrides. The compounds of the invention can be applied directly to fabric or fibers to provide stain resistant properties thereto, or can be polymerized or copolymerized as 25 described herein, and the polymers or copolymers applied directly to fabric or fibers.

8 Alternatively, the compounds, polymers, or copolymers can be admixed and applied as compositions or can be combined with other stain resist compounds or compositions, such as phenol-formaldehyde condensation polymers, polymethacrylic acid, styrene-maleic acid polymers, or poly(meth)acrylic acid IPN with phenol 5 formaldehyde condensation polymers. Suitable application techniques include dipping, foaming or spraying then drying. The compounds may also be exhaust applied, rinsed then dried. When the compound of formula I is applied directly to the fabric or fiber, it is generally applied in an amount ranging between about 0.5% and 3.0% on weight of 10 fabric. When polymerized into a polymer or copolymer, amounts ranging between about 0.5% and 3.0% on weight of fabric are generally used. When the compound, polymer or copolymer is combined with another stain resistant compound or composition, such as a phenol-formaldehyde condensation polymer, the resulting composition generally contains between about 30.0 wt% and about 60.0 wt% of the 15 compound (I), or polymer or copolymer thereof, and about 1.0 wt% to about 10.0 wt% of additional stain resistant compound or composition. The resulting composition is applied in amounts ranging between about 0.5% and about 3.0% on weight of fabric. EXAMPLE 1 A compound of formula II: OH- (H2C)O 0 0 S0 3 rNa+ 20 9 was prepared by combining the following materials in the indicated proportions (all percentages are by weight unless otherwise specified): 1. 1,6-hexanediol 30.86% 2. maleic anhydride 8.54% 5 3. para-toluenesulfonic acid 0.32% 4. Tyzor TBT 0.20% 5. 5-sulfoisophthalic acid 23.28% 6. water 36.80%. 10 In a reactor fitted with distillation apparatus, components 1,2,3, and 4 were blended and heated to 100'C. While these components were mixing a slurry of components 5 and 6 was prepared. As soon as the reaction mixture has reached a temperature of 100'C, the slurry of components 5 and 6 was added. Heating of the reaction mixture was continued to a temperature of 140'C while distillate was 15 collected, until the acid number of the reaction was less than 40 mg/g KOH. Once the proper acid number had been reached, the reaction mixture was cooled to 80"C. Sufficient water was added to the mixture to dilute it to a solids content of 63.5%. EXAMPLE 2 The compound prepared in Example I was co-polymerized as follows. 20 1. Product of Example #1 91.2% 2. Methacrylic acid 5.9% 3. Ammonium persulfate 1.0% 4. Water 1.9% In a reactor fitted with reflux condenser, components 1 and 2 were added and 25 heated to 60*C. When the reaction temperature reached 600C a solution of 10 components 3 and 4 was added. The reaction mixture was allowed to exotherm and reaction temperature was maintained at 95"C for 1.5 hours, then cooled. In Examples 3, 4, and 5, the polymer of Example 2 was formulated into three stain resist compositions by mixing with the indicated ingredients. 5 EXAMPLE 3 A stain resist composition was made as follows: 1. Product of Example #2 45% 2. Myanox 16T-20 2% (UV absorber - Peach State Labs) 3. Sodium Xylene Sulfonate 40% 12% 10 4. Peach State RM-1 5% (Phenol condensate -Peach State Labs) 5. Water 36% EXAMPLE 4 A stain resist composition was made as follows: 15 1. Product of Example #2 45% 2. Polymer 52-DM 35% (Peach State Labs-Pat. Pending) 3. Myanox 16T-20 3% (UV absorber - Peach State Labs) 4. Sodium Xylene Sulfonate 40% 12% 5. Peach State RM-1 5% (Phenol condensate -Peach State 20 Labs) EXAMPLE 5 A stain resist composition was made as follows: 1. Product of Example #2 45% 2. Polymer 52-DM 35% (Peach State Labs-Pat. Pending) 25 3. Myanox 16T-20 2% (UV absorber - Peach State Labs) 11 4. Sodium Xylene Sulfonate 40% 13% 5. Peach State RM- 1 5% (Phenol condensate -Peach State Labs) EXAMPLE 6 5 The following solutions were prepared and applied to carpet in the amounts indicated. 1. 2. 3. 4. Example#2 37.4 g Example#3 85.2 g 10 Example#4 96.3 g Example#1 34.1 g KAF 400 7.5g 7.5g 7.5g 7.5g Water 955.1 g 907.3 g 896.2 g 958.4 g Each of these solutions were placed in a blender and mixed until a thick foam 15 was generated. The foam was then applied to a type 6 nylon loop carpet sample at 27% wet pick up and squeezed through nip rolls at 45 psi. The carpet sample was then dried at 90"C for 10 minutes. The treated carpet was then challenged for stain resistance. A piece of the treated sample was placed in a Kool Aid solution at 60"C for 1 minute. After 1 minute 20 the piece was continuously rinsed in 400C water until no color could be observed in the rinse water. The rinsed piece was then dried at 90C for 10 minutes. After drying the piece was compared to an AATCC Red 40 Stain Scale.( 1-heavily stained, 10 no stain). Different pieces of the treated sample were exposed to 2 cycles of nitrous oxide 25 exposure. The exposed piece was then compared to an unexposed sample using the 12 AATCC Gray Scale to evaluate any color change ( 0- large shade change, 5- no shade change). Additionally, pieces of the treated sample were also compared to a piece of untreated carpet to evaluate color contribution from the treatment, again using the AATCC Gray Scale. The results are provided in Table 1, and color 5 photographs of carpet samples are provided in FIG. 1. In FIG. 1, Row A represents treated carpet without any staining; Row B represents untreated carpet stained with Kool Aid under test conditions; Row C represents treated carpet stained with Kool Aid under test conditions; Row D represents treated carpet exposed to 2 cycles of N02 testing. Columns 1- 4 represent the various Example numbers 1-4, above 10 TABLE 1 1 2 3 4 Kool Aid Stain 6 7 9-10 5

NO

2 4-5 3 3 Treatment 5 5 5 5 Color contribution EXAMPLE 7 The resulting solution of Example #5 was foam applied to nylon 6 broadloom carpet 15 at 2.0 % o.w.g. and then tested for stain resistance and yellowing from NO 2 . The stain resistance test used was AATCC Method 175. The rating from this test was 9 10. The yellowing from NO 2 was 8 cycles of exposure using AATCC Method 164. The rating from this test was 4-5.

Claims

1. A compound having the formula 1: DD o - 0 0-E-OH SO 3 M wherein A is an unsaturated alkylene moiety; B is the residue of a substituted or 5 unsubstituted polyol wherein one hydroxyl moiety is esterified with one carboxyl moiety of the phthalic acid moiety; D is the residue of a substituted or unsubstituted polyol wherein one hydroxyl moiety is esterified with another carboxyl moiety of the phthalic acid moiety, and another hydroxyl moiety is esterified with one carboxyl moiety of the unsaturated alkylene moiety; E is the residue of a substituted or 10 unsubstituted polyol wherein one hydroxyl moiety is esterified with another carboxyl moiety of the unsaturated alkylene moiety; and M is a cation.

2. The compound of claim 1, wherein the unsaturated alkylene moiety has between 2 and 6 carbon atoms. 15

3. The compound of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the unsaturated alkylene moiety is straight chain.

4. The compound of claim 3, wherein the unsaturated alkylene moiety has two 20 carbons. 14

5. The compound of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the substituted or unsubstituted polyol residue is a diol residue that is linear, linear branched, or cyclic.

6. The compound of claim 5, wherein the substituted or unsubstituted polyol 5 residue contains between 2 and 8 carbons.

7. The compound of claim 6, wherein the substituted or unsubstituted polyol residue is an n-hexanediol, neopentyl glycol or cyclohexanedimethanol residue. 10

8. The compound of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein B, D, and E are formed from the same polyol.

9. The compound of claim 8, wherein B, D, and E are each -(CH 2 )-.

10. The compound of claim 1, having formula 1l: OH- (H2C)eN 0 0 0 "'OH 15 Soa-Na+

11. A polymer comprising one or more polymerized monomers of formula: BN o o o 0 OKOO-A-O O-E-OH SOM 15 wherein A is an unsaturated alkylene moiety; B is the residue of a substituted or unsubstituted polyol wherein one hydroxyl moiety is esterified with one carboxyl moiety of the phthalic acid moiety; D is the residue of a substituted or unsubstituted polyol wherein one hydroxyl moiety is esterified with another carboxyl moiety of the 5 phthalic acid moiety, and another hydroxyl moiety is esterified with one carboxyl moiety of the unsaturated alkylene moiety; E is the residue of a substituted or unsubstituted polyol wherein one hydroxyl moiety is esterified with another carboxyl moiety of the unsaturated alkylene moiety; and M is a cation. 10

12. The polymer of claim 11, wherein said polymer is a copolymer of at least one monomer having the structure shown in formula I and at least one unsaturated carboxylic acid or unsaturated carboxylic acid ester.

13. The polymer of claim 11 or claim 12, wherein the unsaturated carboxylic acid 15 or unsaturated carboxylic acid ester is selected from the group consisting of (meth)acrylic acid, alkyl (meth)acrylate, aryl (meth)acrylate, itaconic acid, alkyl itaconate, and aryl itaconate.

14. The polymer of any one of claims 11 to 13, wherein said polymer is a 20 copolymer of a monomer of formula II: OH- (H 2 C) 6 0 0 - %(CHZ)s OO(CH2)S -O OH S03rNa+ 16 and (meth)acrylic acid.

15. The polymer of claim 14, wherein the molar ratio of methacrylic acid to monomer of formula II ranges from about 0.5:1 to about 1.5:1. 5

16. An anionic phthalic acid ester substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Example 1.

17. A stain resist composition comprising an effective amount of at least one 10 compound of any one of claims 1 to 10 or 16.

18. A polymer substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Example 2. 15

19. A stain resist composition comprising an effective amount of at least one polymer of any one of claims 11 to 15.

20. The stain resist composition of claim 19, wherein the composition is in the form of an aqueous emulsion. 20

21. The stain resist composition of claim 17, further comprising a blend with one or more; phenol formaldehyde condensation polymers, polymethacrylic acid, styrene maleic acid polymers, or poly(meth)acrylic acid IPN with phenol-formaldehyde condensation polymers. 25 17

22. The stain resist composition of claim 19, further comprising a blend with one or more; phenol formaldehyde condensation polymers, polymethacrylic acid, styrene maleic acid polymers, or poly(meth)acrylic acid IPN with phenol-formaldehyde condensation polymers. 5

23. A method of imparting stain resistance to fabric or fiber, comprising contacting the fabric or fiber with the compound of any one of claims 1 to 10 or 16.

24. A method of imparting stain resistance to fabric or fiber, comprising contacting 10 the fabric or fiber with the composition of any one of claims 19 to 22.

25. A stain resistant composition substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to any one of Examples 3 to 5. 15 DATED THIS FIRST DAY OF APRIL 2005 PEACH STATES LAB, INC BY PIZZEYS PATENT AND TRADE MARK ATTORNEYS 20