AU2015203191B2 - Cellulose phosphate powder product and process for manufacture thereof, and application to removal of contaminants from aqueous solutions - Google Patents
Cellulose phosphate powder product and process for manufacture thereof, and application to removal of contaminants from aqueous solutions Download PDFInfo
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- AU2015203191B2 AU2015203191B2 AU2015203191A AU2015203191A AU2015203191B2 AU 2015203191 B2 AU2015203191 B2 AU 2015203191B2 AU 2015203191 A AU2015203191 A AU 2015203191A AU 2015203191 A AU2015203191 A AU 2015203191A AU 2015203191 B2 AU2015203191 B2 AU 2015203191B2
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- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 title claims description 106
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 75
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 title claims description 55
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 title claims description 55
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 title claims description 52
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims description 44
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims description 20
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 7
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 title description 7
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 title description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 115
- 239000002594 sorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 54
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 232Th Chemical compound [232Th] ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052776 Thorium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium(0) Chemical compound [U] JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims 6
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000159 acid neutralizing agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010893 paper waste Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011369 resultant mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000609240 Ambelania acida Species 0.000 description 3
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000010905 bagasse Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001212 derivatisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012491 analyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- -1 and favourably Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009388 chemical precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013626 chemical specie Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007306 functionalization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000010327 methods by industry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004537 pulping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thallium Chemical compound [Tl] BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002110 toxicologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000027 toxicology Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
Abstract
Abstract A process for producing a cellulose based sorbent material for the removal of water soluble contaminants from water and other aqueous solutions comprising reacting one or more biomass based cellulose containing raw materials with dilute phosphoric acid where the reaction mixture containing said cellulose containing materials is heated to a reaction temperature and after completion of the reaction time, separation of the dilute phosphoric acid solution from the remaining insoluble raw material, neutralisation of the solution by means of a suitable neutralising agent resulting in precipitation of the modified cellulose, and then separating, washing and removing excess water from the resultant precipitate
Description
Cellulose phosphate powder product and process for manufacture thereof, and application to removal of contaminants from aqueous solutions 2015203191 13 Jun2015
Field of the Invention 5 This invention relates to a chemical process for synthesising a modified cellulose phosphate powder from biomass sources of cellulose including, but not limited to, algae, bagasse, and waste paper.
This invention further relates to the application of the cellulose phosphate powder for .0 use in removal of various contaminants or chemical species from water, including but not limited to Mercury, Cadmium, Chromium, Copper, Zinc, Iron, Bismuth, Selenium, Tin, Cobalt, Nickel, Vanadium, Manganese, Uranium, Thorium, Arsenic, Lead and Ammonia.
Background of the Invention .5 This invention has particular application in near neutral pH aqueous solutions that are contaminated with various water soluble species. Typical species include those containing transition metals, and also other contaminants containing ammonia, arsenic, and selenium. At low concentrations these contaminants are soluble in water and often have toxicological, clinical or environmental impacts. At low concentrations, many contaminants are difficult to 10 separate from water. The existing solutions for removal of trace level contaminants, particularly those utilized in industrial applications, include the use of ion exchange resins, activated carbon or alumina, or titanium dioxide, reverse osmosis, chemical precipitation, or biological filtration. Each of these works with only specific contaminants. However none of these options is satisfactory for all contaminants. Further, other limitations of these 25 processes include insufficient removal of particular contaminants, impractical application for large volumes, and high expense. Often a combination of two or more techniques is necessary, and creates process engineering difficulties.
Summary of the Invention 30 The present invention involves creating a modified cellulose based powder by reacting a biomass based cellulosic raw material with dilute phosphoric acid at elevated temperature. The cellulosic raw material is partially dissolved and then the remaining insoluble raw material is separated from the dilute phosphoric acid solution. The clear 2 2015203191 13 Jun2015 phosphoric acid solution is then neutralized with subsequent precipitation of the modified cellulose, followed by , separating, washing and removal of excess water prior to use. The resulting product is a sorbent powder. (Wherever the term “sorbent” is used in this specification, this shall be interpreted to mean adsorbent. However, it is to be understood 5 that the product may also have absorbent properties.) The sorbent product, which may be in the form of a powder or a slurry, is particularly useful for removal of low levels of contaminants from water and other aqueous solutions. The solid residue resulting from extraction is then inert and non flammable, and the remaining filtrate is discarded, or may be processed for recovery of unreacted phosphoric acid. .0 As a sorbent for trace contaminants, the method of application includes but is not limited to contacting the sorbent product with the contaminated water or aqueous solution by mixing and then separating either by allowing the product to settle and decanting the supernatant treated water or solution, or by filtering, or some other method of solid liquid separation. .5 Additionally the sorbent product can be used as an active component in a filter or permeable reactive barrier
Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments
The synthesis of the sorbent powder is performed by utilizing a cellulosic feedstock. io This may include but is not limited to algae, bagasse, and favourably, waste paper. The cellulosic feedstock is then mixed with dilute phosphoric acid (typically in the concentration range from approximately 2g/l up to 40 g/l but may also be in the range 1 g/l up to 80g/l), and heated to reaction temperature for at least 2 minutes, but more preferably at least 5 minutes, up to 4 hours. The heating may be performed by conventional means, but may also include 25 alternative heating technologies for water including microwave heating. The ratio of cellulosic feedstock to dilute phosphoric acid may typically be between a ratio of 1 part feedstock to 5 parts dilute phosphoric acid, up to 1 part feedstock to 40 parts of dilute phosphoric acid. However, this ratio may also foreseeably be in the range of 1 part feedstock to 2 parts dilute phosphoric acid , up to 1 part feedstock to 80 parts of dilute phosphoric acid. This is more of 30 a practical issue rather than a technical limit. The yield of sorbent from feedstock ranges from 4% by weight up to 40% by weight depending upon the feedstock used, the dilute acid concentration and volume, and the temperature and heating time of the synthesis.
Following reaction of the feedstock with dilute phosphoric acid, the remaining solids and the solution are separated by any suitable means. Simple filtering has been shown to be 35 effective. The solid residue consists of insoluble and unreactive cellulosic feedstock. This 3 2015203191 13 Jun2015 residue is non flammable and, based upon this characteristic, may be useful as a fire retardant and in insulation products. Subsequent to the initial solid liquid separation, the filtrate or supernatant is neutralized to pH 7 with any suitable neutralizing agent but preferably caustic soda. As the neutralization is performed, a fine precipitate develops in 5 solution which settles easily and filters easily. This precipitate is the object of the process and is recovered by filtering or other suitable solid liquid separation technique. The precipitate is then washed with water to remove any remaining salts, and excess water removed. Accordingly, the product may be a dried powder or may be in the form of a slurry.
The application of the sorbent product for treatment of low level water contaminants .0 is performed by simple mixing of the sorbent product with water. Contact and mixing time may typically be between approximately 5 minutes and 2 hours. However, this range may be greater and foreseeably may be between approximately 2 minutes and 24 hours, with dose rate determined by total load of contaminants and capacity of the sorbent for a given contaminant. Following mixing of the sorbent and the water to be treated, solid liquid .5 separation is performed by any suitable means including but not limited to filtering, centrifugation, and decanting. Additionally the sorbent can be utilized as a filter bed with the contaminated water passed through the filter bed with removal of various contaminants taking place within the filter bed.
The use of cellulose phosphate derivatives has been described in prior art patents 10 DE19850286 (A1); DE19753196 (A1); DE19859746 (A1); US6579977 (B1); US6761272 (B1); US2007093654 (A1); GB1001603 (A). In these patents all cellulose feedstocks described are prepared via several steps which include caustic pulping, further pulp preparation, and derivatisation with complex and expensive phosphate reagents. In the above prior art documents, derivatisation is performed in organic solvents which increase the 25 safety risks and expense of producing a cellulose phosphate derivative. Further, additional derivatisation is needed to achieve satisfactory performance for trace contaminant removal and this usually includes but is not limited to addition of amine or nitrogen species to effect an improved functionality of the cellulose derivative.
The present invention provides an alternative and more cost effective solution for the 30 removal of the abovementioned contaminants from water. The cellulose phosphate product has different physical characteristics and improved performance as water treatment product, particularly for trace contaminants. In addition, the cellulose phosphate of the present invention has a Fourier Transformation Infrared spectrum that shows significant differences from conventional cellulose phosphate esters and ethers. The process described in the 35 present invention utilizes a different method of synthesis to previously taught approaches and offers a number of advantages including greater simplicity, lower risk and production 4 2015203191 13 Jun2015 costs. This results in a product with affinity for a range of contaminants (the affinity of which may vary according to the contaminant) without the need for further functionalization.
The following examples are provided in order to illustrate the process:
Example 1: 3.128 g of waste paper was reacted with 120 mis of 8% w/v phosphoric acid at 5 104 degrees C for 2hours 43 minutes. The resultant mixture was cooled, separated by filtering and the residue washed and dried. 2.206 g of residue was recovered. The filtrate and washings were neutralized with 40 g/l caustic soda to a pH of 7.0, the resultant precipitated powder was filtered and washed and dried to give a final weight of 0.845 g of sorbent powder. 0.5g of this powder was added to a 1 litre water sample with 24 hours .0 mixing and the resultant change in composition was:
Untreated T reated Sample Analyte Sample Sample ARSENIC (mg/L) 0.130 0.078 COPPER (mg/L) 0.023 0.007 IRON (mg/L) 3.388 1.357 LEAD (mg/L) SELENIUM 0.159 0.001 (mg/L) 1.698 1.181 ZINC (mg/L) MERCURY 0.042 0.023 (mg/L) THALLIUM 0.009 <0.001 (mg/L) 0.0019 0.0011
Example 2: 2.003 g of bagasse was reacted with 100 mis of 8% w/v phosphoric acid at 100 degrees C for 3 hours and 15 minutes. The resultant mixture was cooled separated by filtering and the residue washed and dried. 1.782 g of residue was recovered. The filtrate 15 and washings were neutralized with 40 g/l caustic soda to a pH of 7.0, the resultant precipitated powder was filtered and washed and dried to give a final weight of 0.241 g of sorbent powder.
Example 3: 1.030 g of dried filamentous algae was reacted with 100 mis of 8% w/v phosphoric acid at 100 degrees C for 3 hours and 15 minutes. The resultant mixture was 20 cooled separated by filtering and the residue washed and dried. 0.962 g of residue was recovered. The filtrate and washings were neutralized with 40 g/l caustic soda to a pH of 7.0, the resultant precipitated powder was filtered and washed and dried to give a final weight of 0.073 g of sorbent powder.
Example 4:1170 g of waste paper was boiled with 23.3 litres of 4.4% w/v phosphoric acid for 25 2 hours. The resultant mixture was cooled separated by decanting and then filtering and the 2015203191 13 Jun2015 5 residue washed and dried. The filtrate and washings were neutralized with 80 g/l caustic soda to a pH of 6.5, the resultant precipitated powder was filtered and washed and dried to give a final weight of 221 g of sorbent powder. 339 mg of this powder was prepared as a column filter and 100 ml of contaminated water was passed through the filter. The resultant 5 change in water composition was:
Untreated T reated Sample Analyte Sample Sample IRON (ug/L) 1620 5 COPPER (ug/L) MANGANESE 440 035 (ug/L) 3360 1480 LEAD (ug/L) 9 <0.5
The invention enables the reduction of a range of trace contaminants from contaminated water sources with near neutral pH, without any toxic or aesthetic reduction in water quality. This invention has particular application in dilute waste water treatment, or .0 environmental water treatment.
Accordingly the invention has both commercial and environmental advantages. It will of course be realised that while the foregoing has been given by way of illustrative example of this invention, all such and other modifications and variations thereto as would be apparent to persons skilled in the art are deemed to fall within the broad scope and ambit of .5 this invention as is herein set forth.
Claims (61)
- Claims1. A process for producing a cellulose based sorbent material for the removal of water soluble contaminants from water and other aqueous solutions comprising reacting one or more biomass based cellulose containing raw materials with dilute phosphoric acid where the reaction mixture containing said cellulose containing materials is heated to a reaction temperature (of at least about 100QC to 104SC) and after completion of the reaction time (of at least 2 minutes and up to 24 hours), separation of the dilute phosphoric acid solution from the remaining insoluble raw material, neutralisation of the solution by means of a suitable neutralising agent resulting in precipitation of the modified cellulose, and then separating, washing and removing excess water from the resultant precipitate.
- 2. A process for producing a cellulose based sorbent material comprising reacting one or more biomass based cellulose containing raw materials with dilute phosphoric acid where the reaction mixture containing said cellulose containing materials is heated to a reaction temperature (of at least about 100QC to 104QC), and after completion of the reaction time (of at least 2 minutes and up to 24 hours), separation of the dilute phosphoric acid solution from the remaining insoluble raw material, neutralisation of the solution by means of a suitable neutralising agent resulting in precipitation of the modified cellulose, and then filtering, washing and drying the resultant precipitate.
- 3. A process for producing a cellulose based sorbent material in accordance with claim 1 or 2 in which the concentration of the phosphoric acid is in the range of approximately 1 g/l to 80g/l.
- 4. A process for producing a cellulose based sorbent material in accordance with claim 1 or 2 in which the concentration of the phosphoric acid is in the range of approximately 2g/l to 40g/l.
- 5. A process for producing a cellulose based sorbent material in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein the reaction mixture is heated to reaction temperature for at least 2 minutes.
- 6. A process for producing a cellulose based sorbent material in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein the reaction mixture is heated to reaction temperature for at least 5 minutes.
- 7. A process for producing a cellulose based sorbent material in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein the reaction mixture is heated to reaction temperature for at least 1 hour.
- 8. A process for producing a cellulose based sorbent material in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein the reaction mixture is heated to reaction temperature for up to 4 hours.
- 9- A process for producing a cellulose based sorbent material in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 8 in which the ratio of cellulosic feedstock to dilute phosphoric acid is in the range of part feedstock to 5 parts dilute phosphoric acid up to 1 part feedstock to 40 parts of dilute phosphoric acid.
- 10. A process for producing a cellulose based sorbent material in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 8 in which the ratio of cellulosic feedstock to dilute phosphoric acid is in the range of part feedstock to 2 parts dilute phosphoric acid up to 1 part feedstock to 80 parts of dilute phosphoric acid.
- 11. A process for producing a cellulose based sorbent material in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 10 wherein the neutralisation agent used to neutralize the solution is caustic soda.
- 12. A process for producing a cellulose based sorbent material in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 11 wherein the solution is neutralized to approximately pH 7.
- 13. A process for producing a cellulose based sorbent material for the removal of water soluble contaminants from water and other aqueous solutions in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 12 wherein at least one contaminant contains one or more heavy metals.
- 14. A process for producing a cellulose based sorbent material for the removal of water soluble contaminants from water and other aqueous solutions in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 12 wherein at least one contaminant contains one or more transition metals.
- 15. A process for producing a cellulose based sorbent material for the removal of water soluble contaminants from water and other aqueous solutions in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 12 wherein at least one of the aforegoing contaminants contains Mercury.
- 16. A process for producing a cellulose based sorbent material for the removal of water soluble contaminants from water and other aqueous solutions in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 12 wherein at least one of the aforegoing contaminants contains Cadmium.
- 17. A process for producing a cellulose based sorbent material for the removal of water soluble contaminants from water and other aqueous solutions in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 12 wherein at least one of the aforegoing contaminants contains Chromium.
- 18. A process for producing a cellulose based sorbent material for the removal of water soluble contaminants from water and other aqueous solutions in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 12 wherein at least one of the aforegoing contaminants contains Copper.
- 19. A process for producing a cellulose based sorbent material for the removal of water soluble contaminants from water and other aqueous solutions in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 12 wherein at least one of the aforegoing contaminants contains Zinc.
- 20. A process for producing a cellulose based sorbent material for the removal of water soluble contaminants from water and other aqueous solutions in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 12 wherein at least one of the aforegoing contaminants contains Iron.
- 21. A process for producing a cellulose based sorbent material for the removal of water soluble contaminants from water and other aqueous solutions in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 12 wherein at least one of the aforegoing contaminants contains Bismuth.
- 22. A process for producing a cellulose based sorbent material for the removal of water soluble contaminants from water and other aqueous solutions in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 12 wherein at least one of the aforegoing contaminants contains Selenium.
- 23. A process for producing a cellulose based sorbent material for the removal of water soluble contaminants from water and other aqueous solutions in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 12 wherein at least one of the aforegoing contaminants contains Tin.
- 24. A process for producing a cellulose based sorbent material for the removal of water soluble contaminants from water and other aqueous solutions in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 12 wherein at least one of the aforegoing contaminants contains Cobalt.
- 25. A process for producing a cellulose based sorbent material for the removal of water soluble contaminants from water and other aqueous solutions in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 12 wherein at least one of the aforegoing contaminants contains Nickel.
- 26. A process for producing a cellulose based sorbent material for the removal of water soluble contaminants from water and other aqueous solutions in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 12 wherein at least one of the aforegoing contaminants contains Vanadium.
- 27. A process for producing a cellulose based sorbent material for the removal of water soluble contaminants from water and other aqueous solutions in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 12 wherein at least one of the aforegoing contaminants contains Manganese.
- 28. A process for producing a cellulose based sorbent material for the removal of water soluble contaminants from water and other aqueous solutions in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 12 wherein at least one wherein at least one of the aforegoing contaminants contains Uranium.
- 29. A process for producing a cellulose based sorbent material for the removal of water soluble contaminants from water and other aqueous solutions in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 12 wherein at least one of the aforegoing contaminants contains Thorium.
- 30. A process for producing a cellulose based sorbent material for the removal of water soluble contaminants from water and other aqueous solutions in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 12 wherein at least one of the aforegoing contaminants contains Arsenic.
- 31. A process for producing a cellulose based sorbent material for the removal of water soluble contaminants from water and other aqueous solutions in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 12 wherein at least one of the aforegoing contaminants contains Lead.
- 32. A process for producing a cellulose based sorbent material for the removal of water soluble contaminants from water and other aqueous solutions in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 12 wherein at least one of the aforegoing contaminants contains Ammonia.
- 33. A cellulose based sorbent product manufactured in accordance with the process in anyone of claims 1 to 12.
- 34. A cellulose based sorbent product manufactured in accordance with the process in any one of claims 1 to 12 in which the product is in the form of a powder.
- 35. A cellulose based sorbent product manufactured in accordance with the process in any one of claims 1 to 12 in which the product is in the form of a slurry.
- 36. A method for the removal of water soluble contaminants from water and other aqueous solution by contacting a sorbent product manufactured in accordance with the process in any one of claims 1 to 12 with the contaminated water or aqueous solution by mixing and then separating the product and the treated water or aqueous solution.
- 37. A method in accordance with claim 36 in which separation is effected by allowing the product to settle and decanting the supernatant treated water or aqueous solution.
- 38. A method in accordance with claim 36 in which separation is effected by filtration
- 39. A method in accordance with claim 36 in which separation is effected by some other method of solid liquid separation.
- 40. A method for the removal of water soluble contaminants from water and other aqueous solutions by utilising the sorbent product manufactured in accordance with the process in any one of claims 1 to 12 as an active component in a filter.
- 41. A method for the removal of water soluble contaminants from water and other aqueous solutions by utilising the sorbent product manufactured in accordance with the process in any one of claims 1 to 12 as an active component in a permeable reactive barrier.
- 42. A method for the removal of water soluble contaminants from water and other aqueous solutions in accordance with any one of claims 36-41 wherein at least one contaminant contains one or more heavy metals.
- 43. A method for the removal of water soluble contaminants from water and other aqueous solutions in accordance with any one of claims 36-41 wherein at least one contaminant contains one or more transition metals.
- 44. A method for the removal of water soluble contaminants from water and other aqueous solutions in accordance with any one of claims 36-41 wherein at least one contaminant contains Mercury.
- 45. A method for the removal of water soluble contaminants from water and other aqueous solutions in accordance with any one of claims 36-41 wherein at least one contaminant contains Cadmium.
- 46. A method for the removal of water soluble contaminants from water and other aqueous solutions in accordance with any one of claims 36-41 wherein at least one contaminant contains Chromium.
- 47. A method for the removal of water soluble contaminants from water and other aqueous solutions in accordance with any one of claims 36-41 wherein at least one contaminant contains Copper.
- 48. A method for the removal of water soluble contaminants from water and other aqueous solutions in accordance with any one of claims 36-41 wherein at least one contaminant contains Zinc.
- 49. A method for the removal of water soluble contaminants from water and other aqueous solutions in accordance with any one of claims 36-41 wherein at least one contaminant contains Iron.
- 50. A method for the removal of water soluble contaminants from water and other aqueous solutions in accordance with any one of claims 36-41 wherein at least one contaminant contains Bismuth.
- 51. A method for the removal of water soluble contaminants from water and other aqueous solutions in accordance with any one of claims 36-41 wherein at least one contaminant contains Selenium.
- 52. A method for the removal of water soluble contaminants from water and other aqueous solutions in accordance with any one of claims 36-41 wherein at least one contaminant contains Tin.
- 53. A method for the removal of water soluble contaminants from water and other aqueous solutions in accordance with any one of claims 36-41 wherein at least one contaminant contains Cobalt.
- 54. A method for the removal of water soluble contaminants from water and other aqueous solutions in accordance with any one of claims 36-41 wherein at least one contaminant contains Nickel.
- 55. A method for the removal of water soluble contaminants from water and other aqueous solutions in accordance with any one of claims 36-41 wherein at least one contaminant contains Vanadium.
- 56. A method for the removal of water soluble contaminants from water and other aqueous solutions in accordance with any one of claims 36-41 wherein at least one contaminant contains Manganese.
- 57. A method for the removal of water soluble contaminants from water and other aqueous solutions in accordance with any one of claims 36-41 wherein at least one contaminant contains Uranium.
- 58. A method for the removal of water soluble contaminants from water and other aqueous solutions in accordance with any one of claims 36-41 wherein at least one contaminant contains Thorium.
- 59. A method for the removal of water soluble contaminants from water and other aqueous solutions in accordance with any one of claims 36-41 wherein at least one contaminant contains Arsenic.
- 60. A method for the removal of water soluble contaminants from water and other aqueous solutions in accordance with any one of claims 36-41 wherein at least one contaminant contains Lead.
- 61. A method for the removal of water soluble contaminants from water and other aqueous solutions in accordance with any one of claims 36-41 wherein at least one contaminant contains Ammonia.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2015203191A AU2015203191B2 (en) | 2011-02-01 | 2015-06-13 | Cellulose phosphate powder product and process for manufacture thereof, and application to removal of contaminants from aqueous solutions |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2011900307 | 2011-02-01 | ||
| AU2012212392A AU2012212392A1 (en) | 2011-02-01 | 2012-02-01 | Cellulose phosphate powder product and process for manufacture thereof, and application to removal of contaminants from aqueous solutions |
| AU2015203191A AU2015203191B2 (en) | 2011-02-01 | 2015-06-13 | Cellulose phosphate powder product and process for manufacture thereof, and application to removal of contaminants from aqueous solutions |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| AU2012212392A Division AU2012212392A1 (en) | 2011-02-01 | 2012-02-01 | Cellulose phosphate powder product and process for manufacture thereof, and application to removal of contaminants from aqueous solutions |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| AU2015203191A1 AU2015203191A1 (en) | 2015-10-08 |
| AU2015203191B2 true AU2015203191B2 (en) | 2017-03-09 |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2015203191A1 (en) | 2015-10-08 |
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