AU2016204452B2 - Methods for treating conditions associated with MASP-2-dependent complement activation - Google Patents

Abstract

In one aspect, the invention provides methods of inhibiting the effects of MASP-2 dependent complement activation in a living subject. The methods comprise the step of administering, to a subject in need thereof, an amount of a MASP-2 inhibitory agent effective to 5 inhibit MASP-2-dependent complement activation. In some embodiments, the MASP-2 inhibitory agent inhibits cellular injury associated with MASP-2-mediated alternative complement pathway activation, while leaving the classical (Clq-dependent) pathway component of the immune system intact. In another aspect, the invention provides compositions for inhibiting the effects of lectin-dependent complement activation, comprising a therapeutically 0 effective amount of a MASP-2 inhibitory agent and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to methods of inhibiting the adverse effects of MASP-2dependent complement activation.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The complement system provides an early acting mechanism to initiate and amplify the inflammatory response to microbial infection and other acute insults (Liszewski, M.K. and J.P. Atkinson, 1993, in Fundamental Immunology, Third Edition, edited by W.E. Paul, Raven Press, Ltd., New York). While complement activation provides a valuable first-line defense against potential pathogens, the activities of complement that promote a protective inflammatory response can also represent a potential threat to the host (Kalli, K.R., et al., Springer Semin. Immunopathol. 15:417-431, 1994; Morgan, B.P., Eur. J. Clinical Investig. 24:219-228, 1994). For example, C3 and C5 proteolytic products recruit and activate neutrophils. These activated cells are indiscriminate in their release of destructive enzymes and may cause organ damage. In addition, complement activation may cause the deposition of lytic complement components on nearby host cells as well as on microbial targets, resulting in host cell lysis.

The complement system has been implicated as contributing to the pathogenesis of numerous acute and chronic disease states, including: myocardial infarction, revascularization following stroke, ARDS, reperfusion injury, septic shock, capillary leakage following thermal 25 bums, postcardiopulmonary bypass inflammation, transplant rejection, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, and Alzheimer’s disease. In almost all of these conditions, complement is not the cause but is one of several factors involved in pathogenesis. Nevertheless, complement activation may be a major pathological mechanism and represents an effective point for clinical control in many of these disease states. The growing recognition of the importance of 30 complement-mediated tissue injury in a variety of disease states underscores the need for effective complement inhibitory drugs. No drugs have been approved for human use that specifically target and inhibit complement activation.

-12016204452 28 Jun 2016

Currently, it is widely accepted that the complement system can be activated through three distinct pathways: the classical pathway, the lectin pathway, and the alternative pathway. The classical pathway is usually triggered by antibody bound to a foreign particle (i.e., an antigen) and thus requires prior exposure to that antigen for the generation of specific antibody. Since activation of the classical pathway is associated with development of an immune response, the classical pathway is part of the acquired immune system. In contrast, both the lectin and alternative pathways are independent of clonal immunity and are part of the innate immune system.

The first step in activation of the classical pathway is the binding of a specific recognition molecule, Clq, to antigen-bound IgG and IgM. The activation of the complement system results in the sequential activation of serine protease zymogens. Clq is associated with the Clr and Cis serine protease proenzymes as a complex called Cl and, upon binding of Clq to an immune complex, autoproteolytic cleavage of the Arg-Ile site of Clr is followed by Clr activation of Cis, which thereby acquires the ability to cleave C4 and C2. The cleavage of C4 into two fragments, designated C4a and C4b, allows the C4b fragments to form covalent bonds with adjacent hydroxyl or amino groups and the subsequent generation of C3 convertase (C4b2b) through noncovalent interaction with the C2b fragment of activated C2. C3 convertase (C4b2b) activates C3 leading to generation of the C5 convertase (C4b2b3b) and formation of the membrane attack complex (C5b-9) that can cause microbial lysis. The activated forms of C3 and C4 (C3b and C4b) are covalently deposited on the foreign target surfaces, which are recognized by complement receptors on multiple phagocytes.

Independently, the first step in activation of the complement system by the lectin pathway is also the binding of specific recognition molecules, which is followed by the activation of associated serine proteases. However, rather than the binding of immune complexes by Clq, the recognition molecules in the lectin pathway are carbohydratebinding proteins (mannan-binding lectin (MBL), H-ficolin, M-ficolin and L-ficolin) (Lu,

J., etal., Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1572:387-400, 2002; Holmskov et al., Annu. Rev. Immunol. 21: 547-578 (2003); Teh et al., Immunology 101: 225-232 (2000)). Ikeda et al.

first demonstrated that, like Clq, MBL could activate the complement system upon binding to yeast mannan-coated erythrocytes in a C4-dependent manner (Ikeda, K., et al., J. Biol. Chem. 262:7451-7454, 1987). MBL, a member of the collectin protein family, is a calcium-dependent lectin that binds carbohydrates with 3- and 4-hydroxy groups

-22016204452 28 Jun 2016 oriented in the equatorial plane of the pyranose ring. Prominent ligands for MBL are thus D-mannose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, while carbohydrates not fitting this steric requirement have undetectable affinity for MBL (Weis, W.I., et al., Nature 360:127-134, 1992). The interaction between MBL and monovalent sugars is extremely weak, with dissociation constants typically in the 2 mM range. MBL achieves tight, specific binding to glycan ligands by interaction with multiple monosaccharide residues simultaneously (Lee, R.T., etal., Archiv. Biochem. Biophys. 299:129-136, 1992). MBL recognizes the carbohydrate patterns that commonly decorate microorganisms such as bacteria, yeast, parasites and certain viruses. In contrast, MBL does not recognize D-galactose and sialic acid, the penultimate and ultimate sugars that usually decorate mature complex glycoconjugates present on mammalian plasma and cell surface glycoproteins. This binding specificity is thought to help protect from self activation. However, MBL does bind with high affinity to clusters of high-mannose precursor glycans on N-linked glycoproteins and glycolipids sequestered in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi of mammalian cells (Maynard, Y., etal., J. Biol. Chem. 257:3788-3794, 1982). Therefore, damaged cells are potential targets for lectin pathway activation via MBL binding.

The ficolins possess a different type of lectin domain than MBL, called the fibrinogen-like domain. Ficolins bind sugar residues in a Ca⁺⁺-independent manner. In humans, three kinds of ficolins, L-ficolin, M-ficolin and H-ficolin, have been identified.

Both serum ficolins L-ficolin and H-ficolin have in common a specificity for N-acetyl-Dglucosamine; however, H-ficolin also binds N-acetyl-D-galactosamine. The difference in sugar specificity of L-ficolin, H-ficolin and MBL means that the different lectins may be complementary and target different, though overlapping, glycoconjugates. This concept is supported by the recent report that, of the known lectins in the lectin pathway, only L25 ficolin binds specifically to lipoteichoic acid, a cell wall glycoconjugate found on all Gram-positive bacteria (Lynch, N.J., etal., J. Immunol. 172:1198-1202, 2004). The collectins (i.e., MBL) and the ficolins hear no significant similarity in amino acid sequence. However, the two groups of proteins have similar domain organizations and, like Clq, assemble into oligomeric structures, which maximize the possibility of multisite binding. The serum concentrations of MBL are highly variable in healthy populations and this is genetically controlled by the polymorphism/mutations in both the promoter and coding regions of the MBL gene. As an acute phase protein, the expression of MBL is further upregulated during inflammation. L-ficolin is present in serum at similar

-32016204452 28 Jun 2016 concentrations as MBL. Therefore, the L-ficolin arm of the lectin pathway is potentially comparable to the MBL arm in strength. MBL and ficolins can also function as opsonins, which require interaction of these proteins with phagocyte receptors (Kuhlman, M., et al.,

J. Exp. Med. 169:1733, 1989; Matsushita, M., etal., J. Biol. Chem. 271:2448-54, 1996).

However, the identities of the receptor(s) on phagocytic cells have not been established.

Human MBL forms a specific and high affinity interaction through its collagenlike domain with unique Clr/Cls-like serine proteases, termed MBL-associated serine proteases (MASPs). To date, three MASPs have been described. First, a single enzyme MASP was identified and characterized as the enzyme responsible for the initiation of the complement cascade (i.e., cleaving C2 and C4) (Ji, Y.H., et al., J. Immunol. 150:571578,1993). Later, it turned out that MASP is in fact a mixture of two proteases: MASP-1 and MASP-2 (Thiel, S., etal., Nature 386:506-510, 1997). However, it was. demonstrated that the MBL-MASP-2 complex alone is sufficient for complement activation (Vorup-Jensen, T., etal., J. Immunol. 165:2093-2100, 2000). Furthermore, only MASP-2 cleaved C2 and C4 at high rates (Ambrus, G., et al., J. Immunol. 170:13741382, 2003). Therefore, MASP-2 is the protease responsible for activating C4 and C2 to generate the C3 convertase, C4b2b. This is a significant difference from the Cl complex, where the coordinated action of two specific serine proteases (Clr and Cis) leads to the activation of the complement system. Recently, a third novel protease, MASP-3, has been isolated (Dahl, M.R., et al., Immunity 15:127-35, 2001). MASP-1 and MASP-3 are alternatively spliced products of the same gene. The biological functions of MASP-1 and MASP-3 remain to be resolved.

MASPs share identical domain organizations with those of Clr and Cis, the enzymatic components of the Cl complex (Sim, R.B., et al., Biochem. Soc. Trans. 28:545,

2000). These domains include an N-terminal Clr/Cls/sea urchin Vegf/bone morphogenic protein (CUB) domain, an epidermal growth factor-like domain, a second CUB domain, a tandem of complement control protein domains, and a serine protease domain. As in the Cl proteases, activation of MASP-2 occurs through cleavage of an Arg-Ile bond adjacent to the serine protease domain, which splits the enzyme into disulfide-linked A and B chains, the latter consisting of the serine protease domain. Recently, a genetically determined deficiency of MASP-2 was described (Stengaard-Pedersen, K., et al., New

Eng. J. Med. 349:554-560, 2003). The mutation of a single nucleotide leads to an AspGly exchange in the CUB1 domain and renders MASP-2 incapable of binding to MBL.

-4ο

CY

2016204452 28 Jun

MBL is also associated with a nonenzymatic protein referred to as MBLassociated protein of 19 kDa (MApl9) (Stover, C.M., J. Immunol. 162:3481-90, 1999) or small MBL-associated protein (sMAP) (Takahashi, M., et al., Int. Immunol. 11:859-863, 1999). MApl9 is formed by alternative splicing of the MASP 2 gene product and comprises the first two domains of MASP-2, followed by an extra sequence of four unique amino acids. The MASP 1 and MASP 2 genes are located on chromosomes 3 and 1, respectively (Schwaeble, W., et al., Immunobiology 205:455-466, 2002).

Several lines of evidence suggest that there are different MBL-MASPs complexes and a large fraction of the total MASPs in serum is not complexed with MBL (Thiel, S., et al., J. Immunol. 165:878-887, 2000). Both H- and L-ficolin are associated with MASP and activate the lectin complement pathway, as does MBL (Dahl, M.R., et al., Immunity 15:127-35, 2001; Matsushita, M., etal., J. Immunol. 168:3502-3506, 2002). Both the lectin and classical pathways form a common C3 convertase (C4b2b) and the two pathways converge at this step.

The lectin pathway is widely thought to have a major role in host defense against infection. Strong evidence for the involvement of MBL in host defense comes from analysis of patients with decreased serum levels of functional MBL (Kilpatrick, D.C., Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1572:401-413, 2002). Such patients display susceptibility to recurrent bacterial and fungal infections. These symptoms are usually evident early in life, during an apparent window of vulnerability as maternally derived antibody titer wanes, but before a full repertoire of antibody responses develops. This syndrome often results from mutations at several sites in the collagenous portion of MBL, which interfere with proper formation of MBL oligomers. However, since MBL can function as an opsonin independent of complement, it is not known to what extent the increased susceptibility to infection is due to impaired complement activation.

Although there is extensive evidence implicating both the classical and alternative complement pathways in the pathogenesis of non-infectious human diseases, the role of the lectin pathway is just beginning to be evaluated. Recent studies provide evidence that activation of the lectin pathway can be responsible for complement activation and related inflammation in ischemia/reperfusion injury. Collard et al. (2000) reported that cultured endothelial cells subjected to oxidative stress bind MBL and show deposition of C3 upon exposure to human serum (Collard, C.D., et al., Am. J. Pathol. 156:1549-1556, 2000). In addition, treatment of human sera with blocking anti-MBL monoclonal antibodies

-52016204452 28 Jun 2016 inhibited MBL binding and complement activation. These findings were extended to a rat model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion in which rats treated with a blocking antibody directed against rat MBL showed significantly less myocardial damage upon occlusion of a coronary artery than rats treated with a control antibody (Jordan, J.E., et al., Circulation 104:1413-1418, 2001). The molecular mechanism of MBL binding to the vascular endothelium after oxidative stress is unclear; a recent study suggests that activation of the lectin pathway after oxidative stress may be mediated by MBL binding to vascular endothelial cytokeratins, and not to glycoconjugates (Collard, C.D., et al., Am. J. Pathol. 159:1045-1054, 2001). Other studies have implicated the classical and alternative pathways in the pathogenesis of ischemia/reperfusion injury and the role of the lectin pathway in this disease remains controversial (Riedermann, N.C., et al., Am. J. Pathol. 162:363-367,2003).

In contrast to the classical and lectin pathways, no initiators of the alternative pathway have been found to fulfill the recognition functions that Clq and lectins perform in the other two pathways. Currently it is widely accepted that the alternative pathway is spontaneously triggered by foreign or other abnormal surfaces (bacteria, yeast, virally infected cells, or damaged tissue). There are four plasma proteins directly involved in the alternative pathway: C3, factors B and D, and properdin. Proteolytic generation of C3b from native C3 is required for the alternative pathway to function. Since the alternative pathway C3 convertase (C3bBb) contains C3b as an essential subunit, the question regarding the origin of the first C3b via the alternative pathway has presented a puzzling problem and has stimulated considerable research.

C3 belongs to a family of proteins (along with C4 and a-2 macroglobulin) that contain a rare posttranslational modification known as a thioester bond. The thioester group is composed of a glutamine whose terminal carbonyl group is bound to the sulfhydryl group of a cysteine three amino acids away. This bond is unstable and the electrophilic carbonyl group of glutamine can form a covalent bond with other molecules via hydroxyl or amino groups. The thioester bond is reasonably stable when sequestered within a hydrophobic pocket of intact C3. However, proteolytic cleavage of C3 to C3a and C3b results in exposure of the highly reactive thioester bond on C3b and by this mechanism C3b covalently attaches to a target. In addition to its well-documented role in covalent attachment of C3b to complement targets, the C3 thioester is also thought to have a pivotal role in triggering the alternative pathway. According to the widely

-62016204452 28 Jun 2016 accepted tick-over theory, the alternative pathway is initiated by the generation of a fluid-phase convertase, iC3Bb, which is formed from C3 with hydrolyzed thioester (iC3; C3(H2O)) and factor B (Lachmann, P.J., etal., Springer Semin. Immunopathol. 7:143162, 1984). The C3b-like iC3 is generated from native C3 by a slow spontaneous hydrolysis of the internal thioester in the protein (Pangburn, M.K., et al., J. Exp. Med. 154:856-867, 1981). Through the activity of the iC3Bb convertase, C3b molecules are deposited on the target surface thereby initiating the alternative pathway.

Very little is known about the initiators of activation of the alternative pathway. Activators are thought to include yeast cell walls (zymosan), many pure polysaccharides, rabbit erythrocytes, certain immunoglobulins, viruses, fungi, bacteria, animal tumor cells, parasites, and damaged cells. The only feature common to these activators is the presence of carbohydrate, but the complexity and variety of carbohydrate structures has made it difficult to establish the shared molecular determinants, which are recognized.

The alternative pathway can also provide a powerful amplification loop for the lectin/classical pathway C3 convertase (C4b2b) since any C3b generated can participate with factor B in forming additional alternative pathway C3 convertase (C3bBb). The alternative pathway C3 convertase is stabilized by the binding of properdin. Properdin extends the alternative pathway C3 convertase half-life six to ten fold. Addition of C3b to the C3 convertase leads to the formation of the alternative pathway C5 convertase.

All three pathways (i.e., the classical, lectin and alternative) have been thought to converge at C5, which is cleaved to form products with multiple proinflammatory effects. The converged pathway has been referred to as the terminal complement pathway. C5a is the most potent anaphylatoxin, inducing alterations in smooth muscle and vascular tone, as well as vascular permeability. It is also a powerful chemotaxin and activator of both neutrophils and monocytes. C5a-mediated cellular activation can significantly amplify inflammatory responses by inducing the release of multiple additional inflammatory mediators, including cytokines, hydrolytic enzymes, arachidonic acid metabolites and reactive oxygen species. C5 cleavage leads to the formation of C5b-9, also known as the membrane attack complex (MAC). There is now strong evidence that sublytic MAC deposition may play an important role in inflammation in addition to its role as a lytic pore-forming complex.

-71002039559

2016204452 02 Jan 2018

Reference to any prior art in the specification is not, and should not be taken as, an acknowledgment, or any form of suggestion, that this prior art forms part of the common general knowledge in Australia or any other jurisdiction or that this prior art could reasonably be expected to be ascertained, understood and regarded as relevant by a person skilled in the art.

As used herein, except where the context requires otherwise, the term comprise and variations of the term, such as comprising, comprises and comprised, are not intended to exclude other additives, components, integers or steps.

-7a2016204452 28 Jun 2016

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In one aspect, the present invention provides a method of inhibiting the adverse effects of MASP-2-dependent complement activation in a living subject. The method includes the step of administering to a subject in need thereof, an amount of a MASP-2 inhibitory agent effective to inhibit MASP-2-dependent complement activation. In this context, the phrase MASP-2-dependent complement activation refers to alternative pathway complement activation that occurs via the lectin-dependent MASP-2 system. In another aspect of the invention, the MASP-2 inhibitory agent inhibits complement activation via the lectin-dependent MASP-2 system without substantially inhibiting complement activation via the classical or Clq-dependent system, such that the Clqdependent system remains functional.

In some embodiments of these aspects of the invention, the MASP-2 inhibitory agent is an anti-MASP-2 antibody or fragment thereof. In further embodiments, the antiMASP-2 antibody has reduced effector function. In some embodiments, the MASP-2 inhibitory agent is a MASP-2 inhibitory peptide or a non-peptide MASP-2 inhibitor.

In another aspect, the present invention provides compositions for inhibiting the adverse effects of MASP-2-dependent complement activation, comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a MASP-2 inhibitory agent and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Methods are also provided for manufacturing a medicament for use in inhibiting the adverse effects of MASP-2-dependent complement activation in living subjects in need thereof, comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a MASP-2 inhibitory agent in a pharmaceutical carrier. Methods are also provided for manufacturing medicaments for use in inhibiting MASP-2-dependent complement activation for treatment of each of the conditions, diseases and disorders described herein below.

The methods, compositions and medicaments of the invention are useful for inhibiting the adverse effects of MASP-2-dependent complement activation in vivo in mammalian subjects, including humans suffering from an acute or chronic pathological condition or injury as further described herein. Such conditions and injuries include without limitation MASP-2 mediated complement activation in associated autoimmune disorders and/or inflammatory conditions.

In one aspect of the invention, methods are provided for the treatment of ischemia reperfusion injuries by treating a subject experiencing ischemic reperfusion, including

-82016204452 28 Jun 2016 without limitation, after aortic aneurysm repair, cardiopulmonary bypass, vascular reanastomosis in connection with, for example, organ transplants (e.g., heart, lung, liver, kidney) and/or extremity/digit replantation, stroke, myocardial infarction, hemodynamic resuscitation following shock and/or surgical procedures, with a therapeutically effective amount of a MASP-2 inhibitory agent in a pharmaceutical carrier.

In one aspect of the invention, methods are provided for the inhibition of atherosclerosis by treating a subject suffering from or prone to atherosclerosis with a therapeutically effective amount of a MASP-2 inhibitory agent in a pharmaceutical carrier.

In one aspect of the invention, methods are provided for inhibiting MASP-2dependent complement activation in a subject experiencing a vascular condition, including without limitation cardiovascular conditions, cerebrovascular conditions, peripheral (e.g., musculoskeletal) vascular conditions, renovascular conditions, mesenteric/enteric vascular, and revascularization to transplants and/or replants, by treating such patient with a therapeutically effective amount of a MASP-2 inhibitor agent. Such conditions include without limitation the treatment of: vasculitis, including Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis, systemic lupus erythematosus-associated vasculitis, vasculitis associated with rheumatoid arthritis (also called malignant rheumatoid arthritis), immune complex vasculitis, and Takayasu's disease; dilated cardiomyopathy;

diabetic angiopathy; Kawasaki's disease (arteritis); venous gas embolus (VGE); and/or restenosis following stent placement, rotational atherectomy and/or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA).

In another aspect of the invention, methods are provided for inhibiting MASP-2dependent complement activation in a subject suffering from inflammatory gastrointestinal disorders, including but not limited to pancreatitis, diverticulitis and bowel disorders including Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and irritable bowel syndrome.

In another aspect of the invention, methods are provided for inhibiting MASP-2dependent complement activation in a subject suffering from a pulmonary condition including but not limited to acute respiratory distress syndrome, transfusion-related acute lung injury, ischemia/reperfusion acute lung injury, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, Wegener's granulomatosis, antiglomerular basement membrane disease (Goodpasture's disease), meconium aspiration syndrome, bronchiolitis obliterans

-92016204452 28 Jun 2016 syndrome, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, acute lung injury secondary to bum, noncardiogenic pulmonary edema, transfusion-related respiratory depression, and emphysema.

In another aspect of the invention, methods are provided for inhibiting MASP-25 dependent complement activation in a subject that has undergone, is undergoing or will undergo an extracorporeal reperfusion procedure, including but not limited to hemodialysis, plasmapheresis, leukopheresis, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), heparin-induced extracorporeal membrane oxygenation LDL precipitation (HELP) and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).

In another aspect of the invention, methods are provided for inhibiting MASP-2dependent complement activation in a subject suffering from a musculoskeletal condition, including but not limited to osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, gout, neuropathic arthropathy, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis or other spondyloarthropathies and crystalline arthropathies, or systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

In another aspect of the invention, methods are provided for inhibiting MASP-2dependent complement activation in a subject suffering from renal conditions including but not limited to mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis, membranous glomerulonephritis, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis), acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis (poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis), cryoglobulinemic glomerulonephritis, lupus nephritis, HenochSchonlein purpura nephritis or IgA nephropathy.

In another aspect of the invention, methods are provided for inhibiting MASP-2dependent complement activation in a subject suffering from a skin condition, including but not limited to psoriasis, autoimmune bullous dermatoses, eosinophilic spongiosis, bullous pemphigoid, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita and herpes gestationis and other skin disorders, or from a thermal or chemical bum injury involving capillary leakage.

In another aspect of the invention, methods are provided for inhibiting MASP-2dependent complement activation in a subject that has received an organ or other tissue transplant, including but not limited to allotransplantation or xenotransplantation of whole organs (e.g., kidney, heart, liver, pancreas, lung, cornea, etc.) or grafts (e.g., valves, tendons, bone marrow, etc.).

-102016204452 28 Jun 2016

In another aspect of the invention, methods are provided for inhibiting MASP-2dependent complement activation in a subject suffering from a central nervous system disorder or injury or a peripheral nervous system disorder or injury, including but not limited to multiple sclerosis (MS), myasthenia gravis (MG), Huntington's disease (HD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Guillain Barre syndrome, reperfusion following stroke, degenerative discs, cerebral trauma, Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Miller-Fisher syndrome, cerebral trauma and/or hemorrhage, demyelination and meningitis.

In another aspect of the invention, methods are provided for inhibiting MASP-210 dependent complement activation in a subject suffering from a blood disorder including but not limited to sepsis or a condition resulting from sepsis including without limitation severe sepsis, septic shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome resulting from sepsis, and systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Related methods are provided for the treatment of other blood disorders, including hemorrhagic shock, hemolytic anemia, autoimmune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) or other marrow/blood destructive conditions.

In another aspect of the invention, methods are provided for inhibiting MASP-2dependent complement activation in a subject suffering from a urogenital condition including but not limited to painful bladder disease, sensory bladder disease, chronic abacterial cystitis and interstitial cystitis, male and female infertility, placental dysfunction and miscarriage and pre-eclampsia.

In another aspect of the invention, methods are provided for inhibiting MASP-2dependent complement activation in a subject suffering from nonobese diabetes (Type-1 diabetes or Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus) or from angiopathy, neuropathy or retinopathy complications of Type-1 or Type-2 (adult onset) diabetes.

In another aspect of the invention, methods are provided for inhibiting MASP-2dependent complement activation in a subject being treated with chemotherapeutics and/or radiation therapy, including without limitation for the treatment of cancerous conditions, by' administering a MASP-2 inhibitor to such a patient perichemotherapeutically or periradiation therapy, i.e., before and/or during and/or after the administration of chemotherapeutic(s) and/or radiation therapy. Perichemotherapeutic or periradiation therapy administration of MASP-2 inhibitors may be useful for reducing the side-effects of chemotherapeutic or radiation therapy. In a still

-112016204452 28 Jun 2016 further aspect of the invention, methods are provided for the treatment of malignancies by administering a MASP-2 inhibitory agent in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier to a patient suffering from a malignancy.

In another aspect of the invention methods are provided for inhibiting MASP-25 dependent complement activation in a subject suffering from an endocrine disorder, by administering a therapeutically effective amount of a MASP-2 inhibitory agent in a pharmaceutical carrier to such a subject. Conditions subject to treatment in accordance with the present invention include, by way of nonlimiting example, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, stress, anxiety and other potential hormonal disorders involving regulated release of prolactin, growth or insulin-like growth factor, and adrenocorticotropin from the pituitary.

In another aspect of the invention methods are provided for inhibiting MASP-2dependent complement activation in a subject suffering from age-related macular degeneration or other complement mediated ophthalmologic condition by administering a therapeutically effective amount of a MASP-2 inhibitory agent in a pharmaceutical carrier to a subject suffering from such a condition.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The foregoing aspects and many of the attendant advantages of this invention will 20 become more readily appreciated as the same become better understood by reference to the following detailed description, when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

The foregoing aspects and many of the attendant advantages of this invention will become more readily appreciated as the same become better understood by reference to the following detailed description, when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIGURE 1 is a flowchart illustrating the new discovery that the alternative complement pathway requires lectin pathway-dependent MASP-2 activation for complement activation;

FIGURE 2 is a diagram illustrating the genomic structure of human MASP-2;

FIGURE 3A is a schematic diagram illustrating the domain structure of human MASP-2 protein;

-122016204452 28 Jun 2016

FIGURE 3B is a schematic diagram illustrating the domain structure of human MApl9 protein;

FIGURE 4 is a diagram illustrating the murine MASP-2 knockout strategy; FIGURE 5 is a diagram illustrating the human MASP-2 minigene construct;

FIGURE 6A presents results demonstrating that MASP-2-deficiency leads to the loss of lectin-pathway-mediated C4 activation as measured by lack of C4b deposition on mannan;

FIGURE 6B presents results demonstrating that MASP-2-deficiency leads to the loss of lectin-pathway-mediated C4 activation as measured by lack of C4b deposition on zymosan;

FIGURE 6C presents results demonstrating the relative C4 activation levels of serum samples obtained from MASP-2+/-; MASP-2-/- and wild-type strains as measure by C4b deposition on mannan and on zymosan;

FIGURE 7A presents results demonstrating that MASP-2-deficiency leads to the 15 loss of both lectin-pathway-mediated and alternative pathway mediated C3 activation as measured by lack of C3b deposition on mannan;

FIGURE 7B presents results demonstrating that MASP-2-deficiency leads to the loss of both lectin-pathway-mediated and alternative pathway mediated C3 activation as measured by lack of C3b deposition on zymosan;

FIGURE 8 presents results demonstrating that the addition of murine recombinant

MASP-2 to MASP-2-/- serum samples recovers lectin-pathway-mediated C4 activation in a protein concentration dependant manner, as measured by C4b deposition on mannan;

FIGURE 9 presents demonstrating that the classical pathway is functional in the MASP-2-/- strain; and

FIGURE 10 presents results demonstrating that the MASP-2-dependent complement activation system is activated in the ischemia/reperfusion phase following abdominal aortic aneurysm repair.

DESCRIPTION OF THE SEQUENCE LISTING

SEQ ID NO: 1 human MAp 19 cDNA

SEQ ID NO:2 human MAp 19 protein (with leader)

SEQ ID NO:3 human MAp 19 protein (mature)

SEQ ID NO:4 human MASP-2 cDNA

-132016204452 28 Jun 2016

SEQ ID NO:5 human MASP-2 protein (with leader)

SEQ ID NO :6 human MASP-2 protein (mature)

SEQ ID NO:7 human MASP-2 gDNA (exons 1-6)

ANTIGENS: (IN REFERENCE TO THE MASP-2 MATURE PROTEIN)

SEQ ID NO:8 CUBI sequence (aa 1-121)

SEQ ID NO:9 CUBEGF sequence (aa 1-166)

SEQ ID NO: 10 CUBEGFCUBII (aa 1 -293)

SEQ ID NO:11 EGF region (aa 122-166)

SEQ ID NO:12 serine protease domain (aa 429 - 671)

SEQ ID NO: 13 serine protease domain inactive (aa 610-625 with Ser618 to Ala mutation)

SEQ ID NO: 14 TPLGPKWPEPVFGRL (CUBI peptide)

SEQ ID NO: 15

TAPPGYRLRLYFTHFDLELSHLCEYDFVKLSSGAKVLATLC

GQ (CUBI peptide)

SEQ ID NO: 16 TFRSDYSN (MBL binding region core)

SEQ ID NO: 17 FYSLGSSLDITFRSDYSNEKPFTGF (MBL binding region)

SEQ ID NO: 18 IDECQVAPG (EGF PEPTIDE)

SEQ ID NO: 19 ANMLCAGLESGGKDSCRGDSGGALV (serine protease binding core)

PEPTIDE INHIBITORS:

SEQ ID NO:20 MBL foil length cDNA SEQ ID NO:21 MBL foil length protein

SEQ ID NO:22 OGK-X-GP (consensus binding)

SEQ ID NO:23 OGKLG

SEQ ID NO:24 GLR GLQ GPO GKL GPO G

SEQ ID NO:25 GPO GPO GLR GLQ GPO GKL GPO GPO GPO

SEQ ID NO:26 GKDGRDGTKGEKGEPGQGLRGLQGPOGKLGPOG

SEQ ID NO:27 GAOGSOGEKGAOGPQGPOGPOGKMGPKGEOGDO (human h-ficolin)

-142016204452 28 Jun 2016

SEQ ID NO:28

GCOGLOGAOGDKGEAGTNGKRGERGPOGPOGKAGPOGPN

GAOGEO (human ficolin p35)

SEQ ID NO:29 LQRALEILPNRVTIKANRPFLVFI (C4 cleavage site)

EXPRESSION INHIBITORS:

SEQ ID NO:30 cDNA of CUBI-EGF domain (nucleotides 22-680 of SEQ ID NO:4)

SEQIDNO:31

5' CGGGCACACCATGAGGCTGCTGACCCTCCTGGGC 3'

Nucleotides 12-45 of SEQ ID NO:4 including the MASP-2 translation start site (sense)

SEQ ID NO:32

5'GACATTACCTTCCGCTCCGACTCCAACGAGAAG3' Nucleotides 361-396 of SEQ ID NO:4 encoding a region comprising the

MASP-2 MBL binding site (sense)

SEQ ID NO:33

5'AGCAGCCCTGAATACCCACGGCCGTATCCCAAA3' Nucleotides 610-642 of SEQ ID NO:4 encoding a region comprising the CUBII domain

CLONING PRIMERS:

SEQ ID NO:34 CGGGATCCATGAGGCTGCTGACCCTC (5' PCR for CUB)

SEQ ID NO:35 GGAATTCCTAGGCTGCATA (3’ PCR FOR CUB)

SEQ ID NO:36 GGAATTCCTACAGGGCGCT (3' PCR FOR CUBIEGF)

SEQ ID NO:37 GGAATTCCTAGTAGTGGAT (3' PCR FOR

CUBIEGFCUBII)

SEQ ID NOS:38-47 are cloning primers for humanized antibody SEQ ID NO:48 is 9 aa peptide bond

EXPRESSION VECTOR:

SEQ ID NO:49 is the MASP-2 minigene insert

SEQ ID NO: 50 is the murine MASP-2 cDNA

SEQ ID NO: 51 is the murine MASP-2 protein (w/leader)

SEQ ID NO: 52 is the mature murine MASP-2 protein

-152016204452 28 Jun 2016

SEQ ID NO: 53 the rat MASP-2 cDNA

SEQ ID NO: 54 is the rat MASP-2 protein (w/ leader)

SEQ ID NO: 55 is the mature rat MASP-2 protein

SEQ ID NO: 56-59 are the oligonucleotides for site-directed mutagenesis of human MASP-2 used to generate human MASP-2 A

SEQ ID NO: 60-63 are the oligonucleotides for site-directed mutagenesis of murine MASP-2 used to generate murine MASP-2A

SEQ ID NO: 64-65 are the oligonucleotides for site-directed mutagenesis of rat MASP-2 used to generate rat MASP-2A

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present invention is based upon the surprising discovery by the present inventors that MASP-2 is needed to initiate alternative complement pathway activation. Through the use of a knockout mouse model of MASP-2-/-, the present inventors have shown that it is possible to inhibit alternative complement pathway activation via the lectin mediated MASP-2 pathway while leaving the classical pathway intact, thus establishing the lectin-dependent MASP-2 activation as a requirement for alternative complement activation in absence of the classical pathway. The present invention also describes the use of MASP-2 as a therapeutic target for inhibiting cellular injury associated with lectin-mediated alternative complement pathway activation while leaving the classical (Clq-dependent) pathway component of the immune system intact.

I. DEFINITIONS

Unless specifically defined herein, all terms used herein have the same meaning as would be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art of the present invention. The following definitions are provided in order to provide clarity with respect to the terms as they are used in the specification and claims to describe the present invention.

As used herein, the term MASP-2-dependent complement activation refers to alternative pathway complement activation that occurs via lectin-dependent MASP-2 activation.

As used herein, the term alternative pathway refers to complement activation 30 that is triggered, for example, by zymosan from fungal and yeast cell walls, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Gram negative outer membranes, and rabbit erythrocytes, as well as from many pure polysaccharides, rabbit erythrocytes, viruses, bacteria, animal

-162016204452 28 Jun 2016 tumor cells, parasites and damaged cells, and which has traditionally been thought to arise from spontaneous proteolytic generation of C3b from complement factor C3.

As used herein, the term lectin pathway refers to complement activation that occurs via the specific binding of serum and non-serum carbohydrate-binding proteins including mannan-binding lectin (MBL) and the ficolins.

As used herein, the term classical pathway refers to complement activation that is triggered by antibody bound to a foreign particle and requires binding of the recognition molecule Clq.

As used herein, the term MASP-2 inhibitory agent refers to any agent that binds 10 to or interacts with MASP-2 and effectively inhibits MASP-2-dependent complement activation, including anti-MASP-2 antibodies and MASP-2 binding fragments thereof, natural and synthetic peptides, small molecules, soluble MASP-2 receptors, expression inhibitors and isolated natural inhibitors. MASP-2 inhibitory agents useful in the method of the invention may reduce MASP-2-dependent complement activation by greater than

20%, such as greater than 50%, such as greater than 90%. In one embodiment, the

MASP-2 inhibitory agent reduces MASP-2-dependent complement activation by greater than 90% (i.e., resulting in MASP-2 complement activation of only 10% or less).

As used herein, the term antibody encompasses antibodies and antibody ' fragments thereof, derived from any antibody-producing mammal (e.g., mouse, rat, rabbit, and primate including human), that specifically bind to MASP-2 polypeptides or portions thereof. Exemplary antibodies include polyclonal, monoclonal and recombinant antibodies; multispecific antibodies (e.g., bispecific antibodies); humanized antibodies; murine antibodies; chimeric, mouse-human, mouse-primate, primate-human monoclonal antibodies; and anti-idiotype antibodies, and may be any intact molecule or fragment thereof.

As used herein, the term antibody fragment refers to a portion derived from or related to a full-length anti-MASP-2 antibody, generally including the antigen binding or variable region thereof. Illustrative examples of antibody fragments include Fab, Fab’, F(ab)2, F(ab’)2 and Fv fragments, scFv fragments, diabodies, linear antibodies, single30 chain antibody molecules and multispecific antibodies formed from antibody fragments.

As used herein, a single-chain Fv or scFv antibody fragment comprises the Vjj and Vl domains of an antibody, wherein these domains are present in a single polypeptide chain. Generally, the Fv polypeptide further comprises a polypeptide linker

-172016204452 28 Jun 2016 between the Vfj and Vl domains, which enables the scFv to form the desired structure for antigen binding.

As used herein, a chimeric antibody is a recombinant protein that contains the variable domains and complementarity-determining regions derived from a non-human species (e.g., rodent) antibody, while the remainder of the antibody molecule is derived from a human antibody.

As used herein, a humanized antibody is a chimeric antibody that comprises a minimal sequence that conforms to specific complementarity-determining regions derived from non-human immunoglobulin that is transplanted into a human antibody framework.

Humanized antibodies are typically recombinant proteins in which only the antibody complementarity-determining regions are of non-human origin.

As used herein, the term mannan-binding lectin (MBL) is equivalent to mannan-binding protein (MBP).

As used herein, the membrane attack complex (MAC) refers to a complex of 15 the terminal five complement components (C5-C9) that inserts into and disrupts membranes. Also referred to as C5b-9.

As used herein, a subject includes all mammals, including without limitation humans, non-human primates, dogs, cats, horses, sheep, goats, cows, rabbits, pigs and rodents.

As used herein, the amino acid residues are abbreviated as follows: alanine (Ala;A), asparagine (Asn;N), aspartic acid (Asp;D), arginine (Arg;R), cysteine (Cys;C), glutamic acid (Glu;E), glutamine (Gln;Q), glycine (Gly;G), histidine (His;H), isoleucine (Ile;I), leucine (Leu;L), lysine (Lys;K), methionine (Met;M), phenylalanine (Phe;F), proline (Pro;P), serine (Ser;S), threonine (Thr;T), tryptophan (Trp;W), tyrosine (Tyr;Y), and valine (Val;V).

In the broadest sense, the naturally occurring amino acids can be divided into groups based upon the chemical characteristic of the side chain of the respective amino acids. By hydrophobic amino acid is meant either Ile, Leu, Met, Phe, Trp, Tyr, Val, Ala, Cys or Pro. By hydrophilic amino acid is meant either Gly, Asn, Gln, Ser, Thr,

Asp, Glu, Lys, Arg or His. This grouping of amino acids can he further subclassed as follows. By uncharged hydrophilic amino acid is meant either Ser, Thr, Asn or Gln. By acidic amino acid is meant either Glu or Asp. By basic amino acid is meant either Lys, Arg or His.

-182016204452 28 Jun 2016

As used herein the term conservative amino acid substitution is illustrated by a substitution among amino acids within each of the following groups: (1) glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, and isoleucine, (2) phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan, (3) serine and threonine, (4) aspartate and glutamate, (5) glutamine and asparagine, and (6) lysine, arginine and histidine.

The term oligonucleotide as used herein refers to an oligomer or polymer of ribonucleic acid (RNA) or deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or mimetics thereof. This term also covers those oligonucleobases composed of naturally-occurring nucleotides, sugars and covalent intemucleoside (backbone) linkages as well as oligonucleotides having non10 naturally-occurring modifications.

II. THE ALTERNATIVE PATHWAY: A NEW UNDERSTANDING

The alternative pathway of complement was first described by Louis Pillemer and his colleagues in early 1950s based on studies in which zymosan made from yeast cell walls was used to activate complement (Pillemer, L. et al., J. Exp. Med. 103:1-13, 1956;

Lepow, I.H., J. Immunol. 125:471-478,1980). Ever since then, zymosan is considered as the canonical example of a specific activator of the alternative pathway in human and rodent serum (Lachmann, P.J., etal., Springer Semin. Immunopathol. 7:143-162, 1984; Van Dijk, H., et al., J. Immunol. Methods 85:233-243, 1985; Pangburn, M.K., Methods in Enzymol. 162:639-653, 1988). A convenient and widely used assay for alternative pathway activation is to incubate serum with zymosan coated onto plastic wells and to determine the amount of C3b deposition onto the solid phase following the incubation. As expected, there is substantial C3h deposition onto zymosan-coated wells following incubation with normal mouse serum (Figure 7B). However, incubation of serum from homozygous MASP-2-deficient mice with zymosan-coated wells results in a substantial reduction in C3b deposition compared to that of normal serum. Furthermore, use of serum from mice heterozygous for deficiency in the MASP 2 gene in this assay results in levels of C3b deposition that are intermediate between those obtained with serum from homozygous MASP-2-deficient mice and normal mouse serum. Parallel results are also obtained using wells coated with mannan, another polysaccharide known to activate the alternative pathway (Figure 7A). Since the normal and MASP-2 deficient mice share the same genetic background, except for the MASP 2 gene, these unexpected results demonstrate that MASP-2 plays an essential role in activation of the alternative pathway.

-192016204452 28 Jun 2016

These results provide strong evidence that the alternative pathway is not an independent, stand-alone pathway of complement activation as described in essentially all current medical textbooks and recent review articles on complement. The current and widely held scientific view is that the alternative pathway is activated on the surface of certain particulate targets (microbes, zymosan, rabbit erythrocytes) through the amplification of spontaneous tick-over C3 activation. However, the absence of significant alternative pathway activation in serum from MASP-2 knockout mice by two well-known activators of the alternative pathway makes it unlikely that the tick-over theory describes an important physiological mechanism for complement activation.

Since MASP-2 protease is known to have a specific and well-defined role as the enzyme responsible for the initiation of the lectin complement cascade, these results implicate activation of the lectin pathway by zymosan and mannan as a critical first step for subsequent activation of the alternative pathway. C4b is an activation product generated by the lectin pathway but not by the alternative pathway. Consistent with this concept, incubation of normal mouse serum with zymosan- or mannan-coated wells results in C4b deposition onto the wells and this C4b deposition is substantially reduced when the coated wells are incubated with serum from MASP-2-deficient mice (Figures 6A, 6B and 6C).

The alternative pathway, in addition to its widely accepted role as an independent pathway for complement activation, can also provide an amplification loop for complement activation initially triggered via the classical and lectin pathways (Liszewski, M.K. and J.P. Atkinson, 1993, in Fundamental Immunology, Third Edition, edited by W.E. Paul, Raven Press, Ltd., New York; Schweinie, J.E., et al., J. Clin. Invest. 84:18211829, 1989). In this alternative pathway-mediated amplification mechanism, C3 convertase (C4b2b) generated by activation of either the classical or lectin complement cascades cleaves C3 into C3a and C3b, and thereby provides C3b that can participate in forming C3bBb, the alternative pathway C3 convertase. The likely explanation for the absence of alternative pathway activation in MASP-2 knockout serum is that the lectin pathway is required for initial complement activation by zymosan, mannan, and other putative activators of the alternative pathway, while the alternative pathway plays a crucial role for amplifying complement activation. In other words, the alternative pathway is a feedforward amplification loop dependent upon the lectin and classical complement pathways for activation, rather than an independent linear cascade.

-202016204452 28 Jun 2016

Rather than the complement cascade being activated through three distinct pathways (classical, alternative and lectin pathways) as previously envisioned, our results indicate that it is more accurate to view complement as being composed of two major systems, which correspond, to a first approximation, to the innate (lectin) and acquired (classical) wings of the complement immune defense system. Lectins (MBP, M-ficolin, H-ficolin, and L-ficolin) are the specific recognition molecules that trigger the innate complement system and the system includes the lectin pathway and the associated alternative pathway amplification loop. Clq is the specific recognition molecule that triggers the acquired complement system and the system includes the classical pathway and associated alternative pathway amplification loop. We refer to these two major complement activation systems as the lectin-dependent complement system and the Clqdependent complement system, respectively.

In addition to its essential role in immune defense, the complement system contributes to tissue damage in many clinical conditions. Thus, there is a pressing need to develop therapeutically effective complement inhibitors to prevent these adverse effects. With recognition that complement is composed of two major complement activation systems comes the realization that it would be highly desirable to specifically inhibit only the complement activation system causing a particular pathology without completely shutting down the immune defense capabilities of complement. For example, in disease states in which complement activation is mediated predominantly by the lectindependent complement system, it would be advantageous to specifically inhibit only this system. This would leave the Clq-dependent complement activation system intact to handle immune complex processing and to aid in host defense against infection.

The preferred protein component to target in the development of therapeutic agents to specifically inhibit the lectin-dependent complement system is MASP-2. Of all the protein components of the lectin-dependent complement system (MBL, H-ficolin, Mficolin, L-ficolin, MASP-2, C2-C9, Factor B, Factor D, and properdin), only MASP-2 is both unique to the lectin-dependent complement system and required for the system to function. The lectins (MBL, H-ficolin, M-ficolin and L-ficolin) are also unique components in the lectin-dependent complement system. However, loss of any one of the lectin components would not necessarily inhibit activation of the system due to lectin redundancy. It would be necessary to inhibit all four lectins in order to guarantee inhibition of the lectin-dependent complement activation system. Furthermore, since

-212016204452 28 Jun 2016

MBL and the ficolins are also known to have opsonic activity independent of complement, inhibition of lectin function would result in the loss of this beneficial host defense mechanism against infection. In contrast, this complement-independent lectin opsonic activity would remain intact if MASP-2 was the inhibitory target. An added benefit of MASP-2 as the therapeutic target to inhibit the lectin-dependent complement activation system is that the plasma concentration of MASP-2 is among the lowest of any complement protein (~ 500 ng/ml); therefore, correspondingly low concentrations of high-affinity inhibitors of MASP-2 may be required to obtain foil inhibition (MollerKristensen, M., et al., J. Immunol Methods 282:159-167, 2003).

III. ROLE OF MASP-2 IN VARIOUS DISEASES AND CONDITIONS AND THERAPEUTIC METHODS USING MASP-2 INHIBITORY AGENTS

ISCHEMIA REPERFUSION INJURY

Ischemia reperfosion injury (I/R) occurs when blood flow is restored after an extended period of ischemia. It is a common source of morbidity and mortality in a wide spectrum of diseases. Surgical patients are vulnerable after aortic aneurysm repair, cardiopulmonary bypass, vascular reanastomosis in connection with, for example, organ transplants (e.g., heart, lung, liver, kidney) and digit/extremity replantation, stroke, myocardial infarction and hemodynamic resuscitation following shock and/or surgical procedures. Patients with atherosclerotic diseases are prone to myocardial infarctions, strokes, and emboli-induced intestinal and lower-extremity ischemia. Patients with trauma frequently suffer from temporary ischemia of the limbs. In addition, any cause of massive blood loss leads to a whole-body I/R reaction.

The pathophysiology of I/R injury is complex, with at least two major factors contributing to the process: complement activation and neutrophil stimulation with accompanying oxygen radical-mediated injury. In I/R injury, complement activation was first described during myocardial infarction over 30 years ago, and has led to numerous investigations on the contribution of the complement system to I/R tissue injury (Hill, J.H., etal., J. Exp. Med. 133:885-900, 1971). Accumulating evidence now points to complement as a pivotal mediator in I/R injury. Complement inhibition has been successful in limiting injury in several animal models of I/R. In early studies, C3 depletion was achieved following infusion of cobra venom factor, reported to be beneficial during I/R in kidney and heart (Maroko, P.R., etal., 1978, J. Clin Invest. 61:661-670, 1978; Stein, S.H., etal., Miner Electrolyte Metab. 11:256-61, 1985).

-222016204452 28 Jun 2016

However, the soluble form of complement receptor 1 (sCRl) was the first complementspecific inhibitor utilized for the prevention of myocardial I/R injury (Weisman, H.F., etal., Science 249:146-51, 1990). sCRl treatment during myocardial I/R attenuates infarction associated with decreased deposition of C5b-9 complexes along the coronary endothelium and decreased leukocyte infiltration after reperfusion.

In experimental myocardial I/R, Cl esterase inhibitor (Cl INH) administered before reperfusion prevents deposition of Clq and significantly reduced the area of cardiac muscle necrosis (Buerke, M., etal., 1995, Circulation 91:393-402, 1995). Animals genetically deficient in C3 have less local tissue necrosis after skeletal muscle or intestinal ischaemia (Weiser, M.R., et al., J. Exp. Med. 183:2343-48, 1996).

The membrane attack complex is the ultimate vehicle of complement-directed injury and studies in C5-deficient animals have shown decreased local and remote injury in models of I/R injury (Austen, W.G. Jr., et al., Surgery 126:343-48, 1999). An inhibitor of complement activation, soluble Ciry (complement receptor-related gene Y), has been shown to be effective against injury when given both before and after the onset of murine intestinal reperfusion (Rehrig, S., et al., J. Immunol. 167:5921-27, 2001). In a model of skeletal muscle ischemia, the use of soluble complement receptor 1 (sCRl) also reduced muscle injury when given after the start of reperfusion (Kyriakides, C., et al., Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 281:C244-30, 2001). In a porcine model of myocardial I/R, animals treated with monoclonal antibody (MoAb) to the anaphylatoxin C5a prior to reperfusion showed attenuated infarction (Amsterdam, E.A., et al., Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 268:H448-57, 1995). Rats treated with C5 MoAb demonstrated attenuated infarct size, neutrophil infiltration and apoptosis in the myocardium (Vakeva, A., et al., Circulation 97:2259-67, 1998). These experimental results highlight the importance of complement activation in the pathogenesis of I/R injury.

It is unclear which complement pathway (classical, lectin or alternative) is predominantly involved in complement activation in I/R injury. Weiser et al. demonstrated an important role of the lectin and/or classical pathways during skeletal I/R by showing that C3- or C4- knockout mice were protected against I/R injury based on a significant reduction in vascular permeability (Weiser, M.R., etal., J. Exp. Med. 183:2343-48, 1996). In contrast, renal I/R experiments with C4 knockout mice demonstrate no significant tissue protection, while C3-, C5-, and C6-knockout mice were protected from injury, suggesting that complement activation during renal I/R injury

-232016204452 28 Jun 2016 occurs via the alternative pathway (Zhou, W., et al., J. Clin. Invest. 105:1363-71, 2000). Using factor D deficient mice, Stahl et al. recently presented evidence for an important role of the alternative pathway in intestinal I/R in mice (Stahl, G., et al., Am. J. Pathol. 162:449-55, 2003). In contrast, Williams et al. suggested a predominant role of the classical pathway for initiation of I/R injury in the intestine of mice by showing reduced organ staining for C3 and protection from injury in C4 and IgM (Ragl-/-) deficient mice (Williams, J.P., et al., J. Appl. Physiol. 86:938-42, 1999).

Treatment of rats in a myocardial I/R model with monoclonal antibodies against rat mannan-binding lectin (MBL) resulted in reduced postischemic reperfusion injury (Jordan, J.E., etal., Circulation 104:1413-18, 2001). MBL antibodies also reduced complement deposition on endothelial cells in vitro after oxidative stress indicating a role for the lectin pathway in myocardial I/R injury (Collard, C.D., et al., Am. J. Pathol. 156:1549-56, 2000). There is also evidence that I/R injury in some organs may be mediated by a specific category of IgM, termed natural antibodies, and activation of the classical pathway (Fleming, S.D., etal., J. Immunol. 169:2126-33, 2002; Reid, R.R., et al., J. Immunol. 169:5433-40, 2002).

Several inhibitors of complement activation have been developed as potential therapeutic agents to prevent morbidity and mortality resulting from myocardial I/R complications. Two of these inhibitors, sCRl (TP10) and humanized anti-C5 scFv (Pexelizumab), have completed Phase II clinical trials. Pexelizumah has additionally completed a Phase III clinical trial. Although TP10 was well tolerated and beneficial to patients in early Phase I/II trials, results from a Phase II trial ending in February 2002 failed to meet its primary endpoint. However, sub-group analysis of the data from male patients in a high-risk population undergoing open-heart procedures demonstrated significantly decreased mortality and infarct size. Administration of a humanized anti-C5 scFv decreased overall patient mortality associated with acute myocardial infarction in the COMA and COMPLY Phase II trials, but failed to meet the primary endpoint (Mahaffey, K.W., et al., Circulation 108:1176-83, 2003). Results from a recent Phase III anti-C5 scFv clinical trial (PRIMO-CABG) for improving surgically induced outcomes following coronary artery bypass were recently released. Although the primary endpoint for this study was not reached, the study demonstrated an overall reduction in postoperative patient morbidity and mortality.

-242016204452 28 Jun 2016

One aspect of the invention is thus directed to the treatment of ischemia reperfusion injuries by treating a subject experiencing ischemic reperfusion with a therapeutically effective amount of a MASP-2 inhibitory agent in a pharmaceutical carrier. The MASP-2 inhibitory agent may be administered to the subject by intra5 arterial, intravenous, intracranial, intramuscular, subcutaneous, or other parenteral administration, and potentially orally for non-peptidergic inhibitors, and most suitably by intra-arterial or intravenous administration. Administration of the MASP-2 inhibitory compositions of the present invention suitably commences immediately after or as soon as possible after an ischemia reperfusion event. In instances where reperfusion occurs in a controlled environment (e.g., following an aortic aneurism repair, organ transplant or reattachment of severed or traumatized limbs or digits), the MASP-2 inhibitory agent may be administered prior to and/or during and/or after reperfusion. Administration may be repeated periodically as determined by a physician for optimal therapeutic effect.

ATHEROSCLEROSIS

There is considerable evidence that complement activation is involved in atherogenesis in humans. A number of studies have convincingly shown that, although no significant complement activation takes place in normal arteries, complement is extensively activated in atherosclerotic lesions and is especially strong in vulnerable and ruptured plaques. Components of the terminal complement pathway are frequently found in human atheromas (Niculescu, F., etal., Mol. Immunol. 36:949-55.10-12, 1999; Rus, H.G., etal., Immunol. Lett. 20:305-310, 1989; Torzewski, M., etal., Arterioscler. Thromb. Vase. Biol. 18:369-378, 1998). C3 and C4 deposition in arterial lesions has also been demonstrated (Hansson, G.K., et al., Acta Pathol. Microbiol. Immunol. Scand. (A) 92:429-35, 1984). The extent of C5b-9 deposition was found to correlate with the severity of the lesion (Vlaicu, R., et al., Atherosclerosis 57:163-77, 1985). Deposition of complement iC3b, but not C5b-9, was especially strong in ruptured and vulnerable plaques, suggesting that complement, activation may be a factor in acute coronary syndromes (Taskinen S., et al., Biochem. J. 367:403-12,2002). In experimental atheroma in rabbits, complement activation was found to precede the development of lesions (Seifer, P.S., et al., Lab Invest. 60:747-54, 1989).

In atherosclerotic lesions, complement is activated via the classic and alternative pathways, but there is little evidence, as yet, of complement activation via the lectin pathway. Several components of the arterial wall may trigger complement activation.

-252016204452 28 Jun 2016

The classical pathway of complement may be activated by C-reactive protein (CRP) bound to enzymatically degraded LDL (Bhakdi, S., et al., Arterioscler. Thromb. Vase. Biol. 19:2348-54, 1999). Consistent with this view is the finding that the terminal complement proteins colocalize with CRP in the intima of early human lesions (Torzewski, J., et al., Arterioscler. Thromb. Vase. Biol. 18:1386-92, 1998). Likewise, immunoglobulin M or IgG antibodies specific for oxidized LDL within lesions may activate the classical pathway (Witztum, J.L., Lancet 344:793-95, 1994). Lipids isolated from human atherosclerotic lesions have a high content of unesterified cholesterol and are able to activate the alternative pathway (Seifert P.S., etal., J. Exp. Med. 172:547-57,

1990). Chlamydia pneumoniae, a Gram-negative bacteria frequently associated with atherosclerotic lesions, may also activate the alternative pathway of complement (Campbell L.A., et al., J. Infect. Dis. 172:585-8, 1995). Other potential complement activators present in atherosclerotic lesions include cholesterol crystals and cell debris, both of which can activate the alternative pathway (Seifert, P.S., et al., Mol. Immunol.

24:1303-08,1987).

Byproducts of complement activation are known to have many biological properties that could influence the development of atherosclerotic lesions. Local complement activation may induce cell lysis and generate at least some of the cell debris found in the necrotic core of advanced lesions (Niculescu, F. etal., Mol. Immunol.

36:949-55.10-12, 1999). Sublytic complement activation could be a significant factor contributing to smooth muscle cell proliferation and to monocyte infiltration into the arterial intima during atherogenesis (Torzewski J., etal., Arterioscler. Thromb. Vase. Biol. 18:673-77, 1996). Persistent activation of complement may be detrimental because it may trigger and sustain inflammation. In addition to the infiltration of complement components from blood plasma, arterial cells express messenger RNA for complement proteins and the expression of various complement components is upregulated in atherosclerotic lesions (Yasojima, K., etal., Arterioscler. Thromb. Vase. Biol. 21:121419, 2001).

A limited number of studies on the influence of complement protein deficiencies on atherogenesis have been reported. The results in experimental animal models have been conflicting. In the rat, the formation of atherosclerotic-like lesions induced by toxic doses of vitamin D was diminished in complement-depleted animals (Geertinger P., et al., Acta. Pathol. Microbiol. Scand. (A) 78:284-88, 1970). Furthermore, in cholesterol-fed

-262016204452 28 Jun 2016 rabbits, complement inhibition either by genetic C6 deficiency (Geertinger, P., et al., Artery 1:177-84, 1977; Schmiedt, W., etal., Arterioscl. Thromb. Vase. Biol. 18:17901795, 1998) or by anticomplement agent K-76 COONa (Saito, E., et al., J. Drug Dev. 3:147-54, 1990) suppressed the development of atherosclerosis without affecting the serum cholesterol levels. In contrast, a recent study reported that C5 deficiency does not reduce the development of atherosclerotic lesions in apolipoprotein E (ApoE) deficient mice (Patel, S., et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 286:164-70, 2001). However, in another study the development of atherosclerotic lesions in LDLR-deficient (ldlr-) mice with or without C3 deficiency was evaluated (Buono, C., et al., Circulation 105:3025-31,

2002). They found that the maturation of atheromas to atherosclerotic-like lesions depends in part of the presence of an intact complement system.

One aspect of the invention is thus directed to the treatment or prevention of atherosclerosis by treating a subject suffering from or prone to atherosclerosis with a therapeutically effective amount of a MASP-2 inhibitory agent in a pharmaceutical carrier. The MASP-2 inhibitory agent may be administered to the subject by intraarterial, intravenous, intrathecal, intracranial, intramuscular, subcutaneous or other parenteral administration, and potentially orally for non-peptidergic inhibitors. Administration of the MASP-2 inhibitory composition may commence after diagnosis of atherosclerosis in a subject or prophylactically in a subject at high risk of developing such a condition. Administration may he repeated periodically as determined by a physician for optimal therapeutic effect.

OTHER VASCULAR DISEASES AND CONDITIONS

The endothelium is largely exposed to the immune system and is particularly vulnerable to complement proteins that are present in plasma. Complement-mediated vascular injury has been shown to contribute to the pathophysiology of several diseases of the cardiovascular system, including atherosclerosis (Seifert, P.S., etal., Atherosclerosis 73:91-104, 1988), ischemia-reperfusion injury (Weisman, H.F., Science 249:146-51, 1990) and myocardial infarction (Tada, T., etal., Virchows Arch 430:327332, 1997). Evidence suggests that complement activation may extend to other vascular conditions.

For example, there is evidence that complement activation contributes to the pathogenesis of many forms of vasculitis, including: Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis, systemic lupus erythematosus-associated vasculitis, vasculitis associated with rheumatoid

-272016204452 28 Jun 2016 arthritis (also called malignant rheumatoid arthritis), immune complex vasculitis, and Takayasu's disease. Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis is a form of systemic vasculitis of the small vessels with immune pathogenesis, in which activation of complement through the lectin pathway leading to C5b-9-induced endothelial damage is recognized as an important mechanism (Kawana, S., etal., Arch. Dermatol. Res. 282:183-7, 1990; Endo, M., etal., Am J. Kidney Dis. 35:401-7, 2000). Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an example of systemic autoimmune diseases that affects multiple organs, including skin, kidneys, joints, serosal surfaces, and central nervous system, and is frequently associated with severe vasculitis. IgG anti-endothelial antibodies and IgG complexes capable of binding to endothelial cells are present in the sera of patients with active SLE, and deposits of IgG immune complexes and complement are found in blood vessel walls of patients with SLE vasculitis (Cines, D.B., et al., J. Clin. Invest. 73:611-25, 1984). Rheumatoid arthritis associated with vasculitis, also called malignant rheumatoid arthritis (Tomooka, K., Fukuoka Igaku Zasshi 80:456-66, 1989), immune-complex vasculitis, vasculitis associated with hepatitis A, leukocytoclastic vasculitis, and the arteritis known as Takayasu's disease, form another pleomorphic group of human diseases in which complement-dependent cytotoxicity against endothelial and other cell types plays a documented role (Tripathy, N.K., et al., J. Rheumatol. 28:805-8,2001).

Evidence also suggests that complement activation plays a role in dilated cardiomyopathy. Dilated cardiomyopathy is a syndrome characterized by cardiac enlargement and impaired systolic function of the heart. Recent data suggests that ongoing inflammation in the myocardium may contribute to the development of disease. C5b-9, the terminal membrane attack complex of complement, is known to significantly correlate with immunoglobulin deposition and myocardial expression of TNF-alpha. In myocardial biopsies from 28 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, myocardial accumulation of C5b-9 was demonstrated, suggesting that chronic immunoglobulinmediated complement activation in the myocardium may contribute in part to the progression of dilated cardiomyopathy (Zwaka, T.P., et al., Am. J. Pathol. 161(2):449-57, 2002).

One aspect of the invention is thus directed to the treatment of a vascular condition, including cardiovascular conditions, cerebrovascular conditions, peripheral (e.g., musculoskeletal) vascular conditions, renovascular conditions, and mesenteric/enteric vascular conditions, by administering a composition comprising a

-282016204452 28 Jun 2016 therapeutically effective amount of a MASP-2 inhibitory agent in a pharmaceutical carrier. Conditions for which the invention is believed to be suited include, without limitation: vasculitis, including Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis, systemic lupus erythematosus-associated vasculitis, vasculitis associated with rheumatoid arthritis (also called malignant rheumatoid arthritis), immune complex vasculitis, and Takayasu's disease; dilated cardiomyopathy; diabetic angiopathy; Kawasaki's disease (arteritis); and venous gas embolus (VGE). Also, given that complement activation occurs as a result of luminal trauma and the foreign-body inflammatory response associated with cardiovascular interventional procedures, it is believed that the MASP-2 inhibitoiy compositions of the present invention may also be used in the inhibition of restenosis following stent placement, rotational atherectomy and/or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), either alone or in combination with other restenosis inhibitory agents such as are disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 6,492,332 to Demopulos.

The MASP-2 inhibitory agent may be administered to the subject by intra-arterial, intravenous, intramuscular, intrathecal, intracranial, subcutaneous or other parenteral administration, and potentially orally for non-peptidergic inhibitors. Administration may be repeated periodically as determined by a physician for optimal therapeutic effect For the inhibition of restenosis, the MASP-2 inhibitory composition may be administered before and/or during and/or after the placement of a stent or the atherectomy or angioplasty procedure. Alternately, the MASP-2 inhibitory composition may be coated on or incorporated into the stent.

GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS

Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are chronic inflammatory disorders of the bowel that fall under the banner of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). IBD is characterized by spontaneously occurring, chronic, relapsing inflammation of unknown origin. Despite extensive research into the disease in both humans and experimental animals, the precise mechanisms of pathology remain to be elucidated. However, the complement system is believed to be activated in patients with IBD and is thought to play a role in disease pathogenesis (Kolios, G., etal., Hepato-Gastroenterology 45:1601-9,

1998; Elmgreen, J., Dan. Med. Bull. 33:222,1986).

It has been shown that C3b and other activated complement products are found at the luminal face of surface epithelial cells, as well as in the muscularis mucosa and submucosal blood vessels in IBD patients (Halstensen, T.S., et al., Immunol. Res. 10:485-292016204452 28 Jun 2016

92, 1991; Halstensen, T.S., etal., Gastroenterology 98:1264, 1990). Furthermore, polymorphonuclear cell infiltration, usually a result of C5a generation, characteristically is seen in the inflammatory bowel (Kohl, J., Mol. Immunol. 38:175, 2001). The multifunctional complement inhibitor K-76, has also been reported to produce symptomatic improvement of ulcerative colitis in a small clinical study (Kitano, A., et al., Dis. Colon Rectum 35:560, 1992), as well as in a model of carrageenan-induced colitis in rabbits (Kitano, A., et al., Clin. Exp. Immunol. 94:348-53,1993).

A novel human C5a receptor antagonist has been shown to protect against disease pathology in a rat model of IBD (Woodruff, T.M., et al., J. Immunol. 171:5514-20,2003).

Mice that were genetically deficient in decay-accelerating factor (DAF), a membrane complement regulatory protein, were used in a model of IBD to demonstrate that DAF deficiency resulted in markedly greater tissue damage and increased proinflammatory cytokine production (Lin, F., etal., J. Immunol. 172:3836-41, 2004). Therefore, control of complement is important in regulating gut homeostasis and may be a major pathogenic mechanism involved in the development of IBD.

The present invention thus provides methods for inhibiting MASP-2-dependent complement activation in subjects suffering from inflammatory gastrointestinal disorders, including but not limited to pancreatitis, diverticulitis and bowel disorders including Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and irritable bowel syndrome, by administering a composition comprising a therapeutically effect amount of a MASP-2 inhibitory agent in a pharmaceutical carrier to a patient suffering from such a disorder. The MASP-2 inhibitory agent may be administered to the subject by intra-arterial, intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intrathecal, intracranial or other parenteral administration, and potentially orally for non-peptidergic inhibitors. Administration may suitably be repeated periodically as determined by a physician to control symptoms of the disorder being treated.

PULMONARY CONDITIONS

Complement has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many lung inflammatory disorders, including: acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (Ware, I., etal., N.

Engl. J. Med. 342:1334-49,2000); transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) (Seeger, W., etal., Blood 76:1438-44, 1990); ischemia/reperfusion acute lung injury (Xiao, F., etal., J. Appi. Physiol. 82:1459-65, 1997); chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (Marc, M.M., et al., Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. (Epub ahead of print), March

-302016204452 28 Jun 2016

23, 2004); asthma (Krug, N., et al., Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 164:1841-43, 2001); Wegener's granulomatosis (Kalluri, R., etal., J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 8:1795-800, 1997); and antiglomerular basement membrane disease (Goodpasture's disease) (Kondo, C., et al., Clin. Exp. Immunol. 124:323-9, 2001).

It is now well accepted that much of the pathophysiology of ARDS involves a dysregulated inflammatory cascade that begins as a normal response to an infection or other inciting event, but ultimately causes significant autoinjury to the host (Stanley, T.P., Emerging Therapeutic Targets 2:1-16, 1998). Patients with ARDS almost universally show evidence of extensive complement activation (increased plasma levels of complement components C3a and C5a), and the degree of complement activation has been correlated with the development and outcome of ARDS (Hammerschmidt, D.F., et al., Lancet 1:947-49, 1980; Solomkin, J.S., et al., J. Surgery 97:668-78, 1985).

Various experimental and clinical data suggest a role for complement activation in the pathophysiology of ARDS. In animal models, systemic activation of complement leads to acute lung injury with histopathology similar to that seen in human ARDS (Till, G.O., etal., Am. J. Pathol. 129:44-53, 1987; Ward, P.A., Am. J. Pathol. 149:1081-86, 1996). Inhibiting the complement cascade by general complement depletion or by specific inhibition of C5a confers protection in animal models of acute lung injury (Mulligan, M.S., etal., J. Clin. Invest. 98:503-512, 1996). In rat models, sCRl has a protective effect in complement- and neutrophil-mediated lung injury (Mulligan, M.S., Yeh, etal., J. Immunol. 148:1479-85, 1992). In addition, virtually all complement components can be produced locally in the lung by type II alveolar cells, alveolar macrophages and lung fibroblasts (Hetland, G., et al., Scand. J. Immunol. 24:603-8,1986; Rothman, B.I., et al., J. Immunol. 145:592-98, 1990). Thus the complement cascade is well positioned to contribute significantly to lung inflammation and, consequently, to lung injury in ARDS.

Asthma is, in essence, an inflammatory disease. The cardinal features of allergic asthma include airway hyperresponsiveness to a variety of specific and nonspecific stimuli, excessive airway mucus production, pulmonary eosinophilia, and elevated concentration of serum IgE. Although asthma is multifactorial in origin, it is generally accepted that it arises as a result of inappropriate immunological responses to common environmental antigens in genetically susceptible individuals. The fact that the complement system is highly activated in the human asthmatic lung is well documented

-312016204452 28 Jun 2016 (Humbles, A.A., et al., Nature 406:998-01, 2002; van de Graf, E.A., et al., J. Immunol. Methods 147:241-50, 1992). Furthermore, recent data from animal models and humans provide evidence that complement activation is an important mechanism contributing to disease pathogenesis (Karp, C.L., etal., Nat. Immunol. 1:221-26, 2000; Bautsch, W., et al., J. Immunol. 165:5401-5, 2000; Drouin, S.M., et al., J. Immunol. 169:5926-33, 2002; Walters, D.M., et al., Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 27:413-18, 2002). A role for the lectin pathway in asthma is supported by studies using a murine model of chronic fungal asthma. Mice with a genetic deficiency in mannan-binding lectin develop an altered airway hyperresponsiveness compared to normal animals in this asthma model (Hogaboam, C.M., et al., J. Leukoc. Biol. 75:805-14, 2004).

Complement may be activated in asthma via several pathways, including:

(a) activation through the classical pathway as a result of allergen-antibody complex formation; (b) alternative pathway activation on allergen surfaces; (c) activation of the lectin pathway through engagement of carbohydrate structures on allergens; and (d) cleavage of C3 and C5 by proteases released from inflammatoiy cells. Although much remains to be learned about the complex role played by complement in asthma, identification of the complement activation pathways involved in the development of allergic asthma may provide a focus for development of novel therapeutic strategies for this increasingly important disease.

An aspect of the invention thus provides a method for treating pulmonary disorders, by administering a composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a MASP-2 inhibitoiy agent in a pharmaceutical carrier to a subject suffering from pulmonary disorders, including without limitation, acute respiratory distress syndrome, transfusion-related acute lung injury, ischemia/reperfusion acute lung injury, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, Wegener's granulomatosis, antiglomerular basement membrane disease (Goodpasture's disease), meconium aspiration syndrome, bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, acute lung injury secondary to bum, non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema, transfusion-related respiratory depression, and emphysema. The MASP-2 inhibitory agent may be administered to the subject systemically, such as by intra-arterial, intravenous, intramuscular, inhalational, nasal, subcutaneous or other parenteral administration, or potentially by oral administration for non-peptidergic agents. The MASP-2 inhibitory agent composition may be combined with one or more additional therapeutic agents, including anti-322016204452 28 Jun 2016 inflammatory agents, antihistamines, corticosteroids or antimicrobial agents. Administration may be repeated as determined by a physician until the condition has been resolved.

EXTRACORPOREAL CIRCULATION

There are numerous medical procedures during which blood is diverted from a patient's circulatory system (extracorporeal circulation systems or ECC). Such procedures include hemodialysis, plasmapheresis, leukopheresis, extracorporeal membrane oxygenator (ECMO), heparin-induced extracorporeal membrane oxygenation LDL precipitation (HELP) and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). These procedures expose blood or blood products to foreign surfaces that may alter normal cellular function and hemostasis. In pioneering studies Craddock et al. identified complement activation as the probable cause of granulocytopenia during hemodialysis (Craddock, P.R., et al., N. Engl. J. Med. 296:769-74, 1977). The results of numerous studies between 1977 and the present time indicate that many of the adverse events experienced by patients undergoing hemodialysis or CPB are caused by activation of the complement system (Chenoweth, D.E., Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 516:306-313, 1987; Hugli, TE, Complement 3:111-127, 1986; Cheung, A.K., J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 1:150-161, 1990; Johnson, R.J., Nephrol. Dial. Transplant 9:36-45 1994). For example, the complement activating potential has been shown to be an important criterion in determination of the biocompatibility of hemodialyzers with respect to recovery of renal function, susceptibility to infection, pulmonary dysfunction, morbidity, and survival rate of patients with renal failure (Hakim, R.M., Kidney Int. 44:484-4946,1993).

It has been largely believed that complement activation by hemodialysis membranes occurs by alternative pathway mechanisms due to weak C4a generation (Kirklin, J.K., et al., J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 86:845-57, 1983; Vallhonrat, H., et al., ASAIO J. 45:113-4, 1999), but recent work suggests that the classical pathway may also be involved (Wachtfogel, Y.T., et al., Blood 73:468-471, 1989). However, there is still inadequate understanding of the factors initiating and controlling complement activation on artificial surfaces including biomedical polymers. For example, Cuprophan membrane used in hemodialysis has been classified as a very potent complement activator. While not wishing to be limited by theory, the inventors theorize that this could perhaps be explained in part by its polysaccharide nature. The MASP-2-dependent complement

-332016204452 28 Jun 2016 activation system identified in this patent provides a mechanism whereby activation of the lectin pathway triggers alternative pathway activation.

Patients undergoing ECC during CPB suffer a systemic inflammatory reaction, which is partly caused by exposure of blood to the artificial surfaces of the extracorporeal circuit, but also by surface-independent factors like surgical trauma and ischemiareperfusion injury (Butler, J., et al., Ann. Thorac. Surg. 55:552-9, 1993; Edmunds, L.H., Ann. Thorac. Surg. 66(Suppl):S12-6, 1998; Asimakopoulos, G., Perfusion 14:269-77, 1999). The CPB-triggered inflammatory reaction can result in postsurgical complications, generally termed postperfusion syndrome. Among these postoperative events are cognitive deficits (Fitch, J., etal., Circulation 100(25):2499-2506, 1999), respiratory failure, bleeding disorders, renal dysfunction and, in the most severe cases, multiple organ failure (Wan, S., etal., Chest 112:676-692, 1997). Coronary bypass surgery with CPB leads to profound activation of complement, in contrast to surgery without CPB but with a comparable degree of surgical trauma (E. Fosse, 1987).

Therefore, the primary suspected cause of these CPB-related problems is inappropriate activation of complement during the bypass procedure (Chenoweth, K., et al., N. Engl. J. Med. 304:497-503, 1981; P. Haslam, etal., Anaesthesia 25:22-26, 1980; J.K. Kirklin, etal., J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 86:845-857, 1983; Moore, F.D., etal., Ann. Surg 208:95-103, 1988; J. Steinberg, etal., J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg 106:1901-1918,

1993). In CPB circuits, the alternative complement pathway plays a predominant role in complement activation, resulting from the interaction of blood with the artificial surfaces of the CPB circuits (Kirklin, J.K., etal., J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., 86:845-57, 1983; Kirklin, J.K., et al., Ann. Thorac. Surg. 41:193-199, 1986; Vallhonrat H., et al., ASAIO J. 45:113-4, 1999). However, there is also evidence that the classical complement pathway is activated during CPB (Wachtfogel, Y.T., et al., Blood 73:468-471, 1989).

Primary inflammatory substances are generated after activation of the complement system, including anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a, the opsonin C3b, and the membrane attack complex C5b-9. C3a and C5a are potent stimulators of neutrophils, monocytes, and platelets (Haeffher-Cavaillon, N., etal., J. Immunol. ,139:794-9, 1987;

Fletcher, M.P., etal., Am. J. Physiol. 265:H1750-61, 1993; Rinder, C.S., etal., J. Clin. Invest. 96:1564-72, 1995; Rinder, C.S., etal., Circulation 100:553-8, 1999). Activation of these cells results in release of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, TNF alpha), oxidative free radicals and proteases (Schindler, R., et al., Blood 76:1631-8,1990;

-342016204452 28 Jun 2016

Cruickshank, A.M., et al., Clin Sci. (Lond) 79:161-5, 1990; Kawamura, T., et al., Can. J. Anaesth. 40:1016-21, 1993; Steinberg, J.B., etal., J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 106:1008-1, 1993; Finn, A., etal., J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 105:234-41, 1993; Ashraf, S.S., etal., J. Cardiothorac. Vase. Anesth. 11:718-22, 1997). C5a has been shown to upregulate adhesion molecules GDI lb and CD 18 of Mac-1 in polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) and to induce degranulation of PMNs to release proinflammatory enzymes. Rinder, C., et al., Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 27(Suppl 1):S6-12, 1996; Evangelista, V., et al., Blood 93:876-85, 1999; Kinkade, J.M., Jr., et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 114:296-303, 1983; Lamb, N.J., etal., Crit. Care Med. 2T.VT5%10 44, 1999; Fujie, K., etal., Eur. J. Pharmacol. 374:117-25, 1999. C5b-9 induces the expression of adhesion molecule P-selectin (CD62P) on platelets (Rinder, C.S., et al., J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 118:460-6, 1999), whereas both C5a and C5b-9 induce surface expression of P-selectin on endothelial cells (Foreman, K.E., etal., J. Clin. Invest. 94:1147-55, 1994). These adhesion molecules are involved in the interaction among leukocytes, platelets and endothelial cells. The expression of adhesion molecules on activated endothelial cells is responsible for sequestration of activated leukocytes, which then mediate tissue inflammation and injury (Evangelista, V., Blood 1999; Foreman,

K.E., J. Clin. Invest. 1994; Lentsch, A.B., etal., J. Pathol. 190:343-8, 2000). It is the actions of these complement activation products on neutrophils, monocytes, platelets and other circulatory cells that likely lead to the various problems that arise after CPB.

Several complement inhibitors are being studied for potential applications in CPB.

They include a recombinant soluble complement receptor 1 (sCRl) (Chai, P.J., et al., Circulation 101:541-6, 2000), a humanized single chain anti-C5 antibody (h5Gl.l-scFv or Pexelizumab) (Fitch, J.C.K., etal., Circulation 100:3499-506, 1999), a recombinant fusion hybrid (CAB-2) of human membrane cofactor protein and human decay accelerating factor (Rinder, C.S., etal., Circulation 100:553-8, 1999), a 13-residue C3binding cyclic peptide (Compstatin) (Nilsson, B., etal., Blood 92:1661-7, 1998) and an anti-factor D MoAb (Fung, M., etal., J. Thoracic Cardiovasc. Surg. 122:113-22, 2001). SCRl and CAB-2 inhibit the classical and alternative complement pathways at the steps of C3 and C5 activation. Compstatin inhibits both complement pathways at the step of C3 activation, whereas h5Gl.l-scFv does so only at the step of C5 activation. Anti-factor D MoAb inhibits the alternative pathway at the steps of C3 and C5 activation. However,

-352016204452 28 Jun 2016 none of these complement inhibitors would specifically inhibit the MASP-2-dependent complement activation system identified in this patent.

Results from a large prospective phase 3 clinical study to investigate the efficacy and safety of the humanized single chain anti-C5 antibody (h5Gl.l-scFv, pexelizu mab) in reducing perioperative MI and mortality in coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery has been reported (Verrier, E.D., etal., JAMA 291:2319-27, 2004). Compared with placebo, pexelizu mab was not associated with a significant reduction in the risk of the composite end point of death or MI in 2746 patients who had undergone CABG surgery. However, there was a statistically significant reduction 30 days after the procedure among all 3099 patients undergoing CABG surgery with or without valve surgery. Since pexelizu mab inhibits at the step of C5 activation, it inhibits C5a and sC5b-9 generation but has no effect on generation of the other two potent complement inflammatory substances, C3a and opsonic C3b, which are also known to contribute to the CPB-triggered inflammatory reaction.

One aspect of the invention is thus directed to the prevention or treatment of extracorporeal exposure-triggered inflammatory reaction by treating a subject undergoing an extracorporeal circulation procedure with a composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a MASP-2 inhibitory agent in a pharmaceutical carrier, including patients undergoing hemodialysis, plasmapheresis, leukopheresis, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), heparin-induced extracorporeal membrane oxygenation LDL precipitation (HELP) and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). MASP-2 inhibitory agent treatment in accordance with the methods of the present invention is believed to be useful in reducing or preventing the cognitive dysfunction that sometimes results from CPB procedures. The MASP-2 inhibitory agent may be administered to the subject preprocedurally and/or intraprocedurally and/or postprocedurally, such as by intraarterial, intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous or other parenteral administration. Alternately, the MASP-2 inhibitory agent may be introduced to the subject's bloodstream during extracorporeal circulation, such as by injecting the MASP-2 inhibitory agent into tubing or a membrane through or past which the blood is circulated or by contacting the blood with a surface that has been coated with the MASP-2 inhibitory agent such as an interior wall of the tubing, membrane or other surface such as a CPB device.

-362016204452 28 Jun 2016

INFLAMMATORY AND NON-INFLAMMATORY ARTHRITIDES AND OTHER MUSCULOSKELETAL DISEASES

Activation of the complement system has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a wide variety of rheumatological diseases; including rheumatoid arthritis (Linton, S.M., etal., Molec. Immunol. 36:905-14, 1999), juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (Mollnes, T.E., et al., Arthritis Rheum. 29:1359-64, 1986), osteoarthritis (Kemp, P.A., et al., J. Clin. Lab. Immunol. 37:147-62, 1992), systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE) (Molina, H., Current Opinion in Rheumatol. 14:492-497, 2002), Behcet's syndrome (Rumfeld, W.R., et al., Br. J. Rheumatol. 25:266-70, 1986) and Sjogren's syndrome (Sanders, M.E., etal.,

J. Immunol. 138:2095-9, 1987).

There is compelling evidence that immune-complex-triggered complement activation is a major pathological mechanism that contributes to tissue damage in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). There are numerous publications documenting that complement activation products are elevated in the plasma of RA patients (Morgan, B.P., etal., Clin. Exp. Immunol, 73:473-478, 1988; Auda, G., etal., Rheumatol. Int. 10:185189, 1990; Rumfeld, W.R., etal., Br. J. Rheumatol. 25:266-270, 1986). Complement activation products such as C3a, C5a, and sC5b-9 have also been found within inflamed rheumatic joints and positive correlations have been established between the degree of complement activation and the severity of RA (Makinde, V.A., et al., Ann. Rheum. Dis.

48:302-306, 1989; Brodeur, J.P., etal., Arthritis Rheumatism 34:1531-1537, 1991). In both adult and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, elevated serum and synovial fluid levels of alternative pathway complement activation product Bb compared to C4d (a marker for classical pathway activation), indicate that complement activation is mediated predominantly by the alternative pathway (El-Ghobarey, A.F. et al., J. Rheumatology

7:453-460, 1980; Agarwal, A., etal., Rheumatology 39:189-192, 2000). Complement activation products can directly damage tissue (via C5b-9) or indirectly mediate inflammation through recruitment of inflammatory cells by the anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a.

Animal models of experimental arthritis have been widely used to investigate the role of complement in the pathogenesis of RA. Complement depletion by cobra venom factor in animal models of RA prevents the onset of arthritis (Morgan, K., et al., Arthritis Rheumat. 24:1356-1362, 1981; Van Lent, P.L., etal., Am. J. Pathol. 140:1451-1461, 1992). Intra-articular injection of the soluble form of complement receptor 1 (sCRl), a

-372016204452 28 Jun 2016 complement inhibitor, suppressed inflammation in a rat model of RA (Goodfellow, R.M., etal., Clin. Exp. Immunol. 110:45-52, 1997). Furthermore, sCRl inhibits the development and progression of rat collagen-induced arthritis (Goodfellow, R.M., et al., Clin Exp. Immunol. 119:210-216, 2000). Soluble CR1 inhibits the classical and alternative complement pathways at the steps of C3 and C5 activation in both the alternative pathway and the classical pathway, thereby inhibiting generation of C3a, C5a and sC5b-9.

In the late 1970s it was recognized that immunization of rodents with heterologous type II collagen (CEE; the major collagen component of human joint cartilage) led to the development of an autoimmune arthritis (collagen-induced arthritis, or CIA) with significant similarities to human RA (Courtenay, J.S., etal., Nature 283:666-68, 1980), Banda etal., J. of Immunol. 171: 2109-2115 (2003)). The autoimmune response in susceptible animals involves a complex combination of factors including specific major histocompatability complex (MHC) molecules, cytokines and

CH-specific B- and T-cell responses (reviewed by Myers, L.K., etal., Life Sciences 61:1861-78, 1997). The observation that almost 40% of inbred mouse strains have a complete deficiency in complement component C5 (Cinader, B., etal., J. Exp. Med. 120:897-902, 1964) has provided an indirect opportunity to explore the role of complement in this arthritic model by comparing CIA between C5-deficient and sufficient strains. Results from such studies indicate that C5 sufficiency is an absolute requirement for the development of CIA (Watson etal., 1987; Wang, Y., etal., J. Immunol. 164:4340-4347, 2000). Further evidence of the importance of C5 and complement in RA has been provided by the use of anti-C5 monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs). Prophylactic intraperitoneal administration of anti-C5 MoAbs in a murine model of CIA almost completely prevented disease onset while treatment during active arthritis resulted in both significant clinical benefit and milder histological disease (Wang, Y., et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92:8955-59,1995).

Additional insights about the potential role of complement activation in disease pathogenesis have been provided by studies using K/BxN T-cell receptor transgenic mice, a recently developed model of inflammatory arthritis (Korganow, A.S., et al., Immunity 10:451-461, 1999). All K/BxN animals spontaneously develop an autoimmune disease with most (although not all) of the clinical, histological and immunological features of RA in humans. Furthermore, transfer of serum from arthritic K/BxN mice into healthy

-382016204452 28 Jun 2016 animals provokes arthritis within days via the transfer of arthritogenic immunoglobulins. To identify the specific complement activation steps required for disease development, serum from arthritic K/BxN mice was transferred into various mice genetically deficient for a particular complement pathway product (Ji, H., et al., Immunity 16:157-68, 2002).

Interestingly, the results of the study demonstrated that alternative pathway activation is critical, whereas classical pathway activation is dispensable. In addition, the generation of C5a is critical since both C5-deficient mice and C5aR-deficient mice were protected from disease development. Consistent with these results, a previous study reported that genetic ablation of C5a receptor expression protects mice from arthritis (Grant, E.P., et al., J. Exp. Med. 196:1461-1471, 2002).

A humanized anti-C5 Mo Ab (5G1.1) that prevents the cleavage of human complement component C5 into its pro-inflammatory components is under development by Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., New Haven, Connecticut, as a potential treatment for RA.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease of undefined etiology that results in production of autoantibodies, generation of circulating immune complexes, and episodic, uncontrolled activation of the complement system. Although the origins of autoimmunity in SLE remain elusive, considerable information is now available implicating complement activation as an important mechanism contributing to vascular injury in this disease (Abramson, S.B., etal., Hospital Practice 33:107-122, 1998). Activation of both the classical and alternative pathways of complement are involved in the disease and both C4d and Bb are sensitive markers of moderate-to-severe lupus disease activity (Manzi, S., etal., Arthrit. Rheumat. 39:1178-1188, 1996). Activation of the alternative complement pathway accompanies disease flares in systemic lupus erythematosus during pregnancy (Buyon, J.P., etal., Arthritis Rheum. 35:55-61, 1992). In addition, the lectin pathway may contribute to disease development since autoantibodies against MBL have recently been identified in sera from SLE patients (Seelen, M.A., et al., Clin Exp. Immunol. 134:335-343,2003).

Immune complex-mediated activation of complement through the classic pathway is believed to be one mechanism by which tissue injury occurs in SLE patients. However, hereditary deficiencies in complement components of the classic pathway increase the risk of lupus and lupus-like disease (Pickering, M.C., et al., Adv. Immunol. 76:227-324, 2000). SLE, or a related syndrome occurs in more than 80% of persons with

-392016204452 28 Jun 2016 complete deficiency of Clq, Clr/Cls, C4 or C3. This presents an apparent paradox in reconciling the harmful effects with the protective effects of complement in lupus.

An important activity of the classical pathway appears to be promotion of the removal of immune complexes from the circulation and tissues by the mononuclear phagocytic system (Kohler, P.F., etal., Am. J. Med. 56:406-11, 1974). In addition, complement has recently been found to have an important role in the removal and disposal of apoptotic bodies (Mevorarch, D., et al., J. Exp. Med. 188:2313-2320, 1998). Deficiency in classical pathway function may predispose subjects to the development of SLE by allowing a cycle to develop in which immune complexes or apoptotic cells accumulate in tissues, cause inflammation and the release of autoantigens, which in turn stimulate the production of autoantibodies and more immune complexes and thereby evoke an autoimmune response (Botto, M., et al., Nat. Genet. 19:56-59, 1998; Botto, M., Arthritis Res. 3:201-10, 2001). However, these complete deficiency states in classical pathway components are present in approximately one of 100 patients with SLE.

Therefore, in the vast majority of SLE patients, complement deficiency in classical pathway components does not contribute to the disease etiology and complement activation may be an important mechanism contributing to SLE pathogenesis. The fact that rare individuals with permanent genetic deficiencies in classical pathway components frequently develop SLE at some point in their lives testifies to the redundancy of mechanisms capable of triggering the disease.

Results from animal models of SLE support the important role of complement activation in pathogenesis of the disease. Inhibiting the activation of C5 using a blocking anti-C5 MoAb decreased proteinuria and renal disease in NZB/NZW FI mice, a mouse model of SLE (Wang Y., et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:8563-8, 1996).

Furthermore, treatment with anti-C5 MoAb of mice with severe combined immunodeficiency disease implanted with cells secreting anti-DNA antibodies results in improvement in the proteinuria and renal histologic picture with an associated benefit in survival compared to untreated controls (Ravirajan, C.T., et al., Rheumatology 43:442-7, 2004). The alternative pathway also has an important role in the autoimmune disease manifestations of SLE since backcrossing of factor B-deficient mice onto the MRL/lpr model of SLE revealed that the lack of factor B lessened the vasculitis, glomerular disease, C3 consumption and IgG3 RF levels typically found in this model without altering levels of other autoantibodies (Watanabe, H., etal., J. Immunol. 164:786-794,

-402016204452 28 Jun 2016

2000). A humanized anti-C5 MoAb is under investigation as a potential treatment for SLE. This antibody prevents the cleavage of C5 to C5a and C5b. In Phase I clinical trials, no serious adverse effects were noted, and more human trials are under way to determine the efficacy in SLE (Strand, V., lupus 10:216-221,2001).

One aspect of the invention is thus directed to the prevention or treatment of inflammatory and non-inflammatory arthritides and other musculoskeletal disorders, including but not limited to osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, gout, neuropathic arthropathy, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis or other spondyloarthropathies and crystalline arthropathies, or systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), by administering a composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a MASP-2 inhibitory agent in a pharmaceutical carrier to a subject suffering from such a disorder. The MASP-2 inhibitory agent may be administered to the subject systemically, such as by intra-arterial, intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous or other parenteral administration, or potentially by oral administration for non-peptidergic agents.

Alternatively, administration may be by local delivery, such as by intra-articular injection. The MASP-2 inhibitory agent may be administered periodically over an extended period of time for treatment or control of a chronic condition, or may be by single or repeated administration in the period before, during and/or following acute trauma or injury, including surgical procedures performed on the joint.

RENAL CONDITIONS

Activation of the complement system has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a wide variety of renal diseases; including, mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis (IgAnephropathy, Berger's disease) (Endo, M., etal., Clin. Nephrology 55:185-191, 2001), membranous glomerulonephritis (Kerjashki, D., Arch B Cell Pathol. 58:253-71, 1990;

Brenchley, P.E., etal., Kidney Int., 41:933-7, 1992; Salant, D.J., etal., Kidney Int. 35:976-84, 1989), membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis) (Bartlow, B.G., et al., Kidney Int. 15:294-300, 1979; Meri, S., etal., J. Exp. Med. 175:939-50, 1992), acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis (poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis), cryoglobulinemic glomerulonephritis (Ohsawa, I., etal., Clin Immunol. 101:59-66, 2001), lupus nephritis (Gatenby, P.A., Autoimmunity 11:61-6, 1991), and Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis (Endo, M., et al., Am. J. Kidney Dis. 35:401-407, 2000). The involvement of complement in renal disease has been appreciated for several decades but there is still a major discussion on its exact role in the

-412016204452 28 Jun 2016 onset, the development and the resolution phase of renal disease. Under normal conditions the contribution of complement is beneficial to the host, but inappropriate activation and deposition of complement may contribute to tissue damage.

There is substantial evidence that glomerulonephritis, inflammation of the glomeruli, is often initiated by deposition of immune complexes onto glomerular or tubular structures which then triggers complement activation, inflammation and tissue damage. Kahn and Sinniah demonstrated increased deposition of C5b-9 in tubular basement membranes in biopsies taken from patients with various forms of glomerulonephritis (Kahn, T.N., et al., Histopath. 26:351-6, 1995). In a study of patients with IgA nephrology (Alexopoulos, A., etal., Nephrol. Dial. Transplant 10:1166-1172, 1995), C5b-9 deposition in the tubular epithelial/basement membrane structures correlated with plasma creatinine levels. Another study of membranous nephropathy demonstrated a relationship between clinical outcome and urinary sC5b-9 levels (Kon, S.P., etal., Kidney Int. 48:1953-58, 1995). Elevated sC5b-9 levels were correlated positively with poor prognosis. Lehto etal., measured elevated levels of CD59, a complement regulatory factor that inhibits the membrane attack complex in plasma membranes, as well as C5b-9 in urine from patients with membranous glomerulonephritis (Lehto, T., etal., Kidney Int. 47:1403-11, 1995). Histopathological analysis of biopsy samples taken from these same patients demonstrated deposition of C3 and C9 proteins in the glomeruli, whereas expression of CD59 in these tissues was diminished compared to that of normal kidney tissue. These various studies suggest that ongoing complementmediated glomerulonephritis results in urinary excretion of complement proteins that correlate with the degree of tissue damage and disease prognosis.

Inhibition of complement activation in various animal models of glomerulonephritis has also demonstrated the importance of complement activation in the etiology of the disease. In a model of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN), infusion of anti-Thyl antiserum in C6-deficient rats (that cannot form C5b-9) resulted in 90% less glomerular cellular proliferation, 80% reduction in platelet and macrophage infiltration, diminished collagen type IV synthesis (a marker for mesangial matrix expansion), and 50% less proteinuria than in C6+ normal rats (Brandt, J., et al., Kidney Int. 49:335-343, 1996). These results implicate C5b-9 as a major mediator of tissue damage by complement in this rat anti-thymocyte serum model. In another model of glomerulonephritis, infusion of graded dosages of rabbit anti-rat glomerular basement

-422016204452 28 Jun 2016 membrane produced a dose-dependent influx of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) that was attenuated by prior treatment with cobra venom factor (to consume complement) (Scandrett, A.L., et al., Am. J. Physiol. 268:F256-F265, 1995). Cobra venom factortreated rats also showed diminished histopathology, decreased long-term proteinuria, and lower creatinine levels than control rats. Employing three models of GN in rats (antithymocyte serum, Con A anti-Con A, and passive Heymann nephritis), Couser et al., demonstrated the potential therapeutic efficacy of approaches to inhibit complement by using the recombinant sCRl protein (Couser, W.G., et al., J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 5:188894, 1995). Rats treated with sCRl showed significantly diminished PMN, platelet and macrophage influx, decreased mesangiolysis, and proteinuria versus control rats. Further evidence for the importance of complement activation in glomerulonephritis has been provided by the use of an anti-C5 MoAb in the NZB/W FI mouse model. The anti-C5 MoAb inhibits cleavage of C5, thus blocking generation of C5a and C5b-9. Continuous therapy with anti-C5 MoAb for 6 months resulted in significant amelioration of the course of glomerulonephritis. A humanized anti-C5 MoAb monoclonal antibody (5G1.1) that prevents the cleavage of human complement component C5 into its proinflammatory components is under development by Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., New Haven, Connecticut, as a potential treatment for glomerulonephritis.

Direct evidence for a pathological role of complement in renal injury is provided by studies of patients with genetic deficiencies in specific complement components. A number of reports have documented an association of renal disease with deficiencies of complement regulatory factor H (Ault, B.H., Nephrol. 14:1045-1053, 2000; Levy, M., et al., Kidney Int. 30:949-56, 1986; Pickering, M.C., et al., Nat. Genet. 31:424-8, 2002). Factor H deficiency results in low plasma levels of factor B and C3 and in consumption of C5b-9. Both atypical membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) and idiopathic hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) are associated with factor H deficiency. Factor H deficient pigs (Jansen, J.H., et al., Kidney Int. 53:331-49, 1998) and factor H knockout mice (Pickering, M.C., 2002) display MPGN-like symptoms, confirming the importance of factor H in complement regulation. Deficiencies of other complement components are associated with renal disease, secondary to the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (Walport, M.J., Davies, et al., Ann. NY. Acad. Sci. 815:26781, 1997). Deficiency for Clq, C4 and C2 predispose strongly to the development of SLE via mechanisms relating to defective clearance of immune complexes and apoptotic

-432016204452 28 Jun 2016 material. In many of these SLE patients lupus nephritis occurs, characterized by the deposition of immune complexes throughout the glomerulus.

Further evidence linking complement activation and renal disease has been provided by the identification in patients of autoantibodies directed against complement components, some of which have been directly related to renal disease (Trouw, L.A., et al., Mol. Immunol. 38:199-206, 2001). A number of these autoantibodies show such a high degree of correlation with renal disease that the term nephritic factor (NeF) was introduced to indicate this activity. In clinical studies, about 50% of the patients positive for nephritic factors developed MPGN (Spitzer, R.E., et al., Clin. Immunol.

Immunopathol. 64:177-83, 1992). C3NeF is an autoantibody directed against the alternative pathway C3 convertase (C3bBb) and it stabilizes this convertase, thereby promoting alternative pathway activation (Daha, M.R., et al., J. Immunol. 116:1-7, 1976). Likewise, autoantibody with a specificity for the classical pathway C3 convertase (C4b2a), called C4NeF, stabilizes this convertase and thereby promotes classical pathway activation (Daha, M.R. etal., J. Immunol. 125:2051-2054, 1980; Halbwachs, L., etal., J. Clin. Invest. 65:1249-56, 1980). Anti-Clq autoantibodies have been described to be related to nephritis in SLE patients (Hovath, L., etal., Clin. Exp. Rheumatol. 19:667-72, 2001; Siegert, C., etal., J. Rheumatol. 18:230-34, 1991; Siegert, C., etal., Clin. Exp. Rheumatol. 10:19-23, 1992), and a rise in the titer of these anti-Clq autoantibodies was reported to predict a flare of nephritis (Coremans, I.E., et al., Am. J. Kidney Dis. 26:595601, 1995). Immune deposits eluted from postmortem kidneys of SLE patients revealed the accumulation of these anti-Clq autoantibodies (Mannick, M., etal., Arthritis Rheumatol. 40:1504-11, 1997). All these facts point to a pathological role for these autoantibodies. However, not all patients with anti-Clq autoantibodies develop renal disease and also some healthy individuals have low titer anti-Clq autoantibodies (Siegert, C.E., et al., Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol. 67:204-9,1993).

In addition to the alternative and classical pathways of complement activation, the lectin pathway may also have an important pathological role in renal disease. Elevated levels of MBL, MBL-associated serine protease and complement activation products have been detected by immunohistochemical techniques on renal biopsy material obtained from patients diagnosed with several different renal diseases, including HenochSchonlein purpura nephritis (Endo, M., et al., Am. J. Kidney Dis. 35:401-407, 2000), cryoglobulinemic glomerulonephritis (Ohsawa, I., et al., Clin. Immunol. 101:59-66,2001)

-442016204452 28 Jun 2016 and IgA neuropathy (Endo, M., etal., Clin. Nephrology 55:185-191, 2001). Therefore, despite the fact that an association between complement and renal diseases has been known for several decades, data on how complement exactly influences these renal diseases is far from complete.

One aspect of the invention is thus directed to the treatment of renal conditions including but not limited to mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis, membranous glomerulonephritis, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis), acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis (poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis), cryoglobulinemic glomerulonephritis, lupus nephritis, Henoch10 Schonlein purpura nephritis or IgA nephropathy, by administering a composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a MASP-2 inhibitory agent in a pharmaceutical carrier to a subject suffering from such a disorder. The MASP-2 inhibitory agent may be administered to the subject systemically, such as by intra-arterial, intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous or other parenteral administration, or potentially by oral administration for non-peptidergic agents. The MASP-2 inhibitory agent may be administered periodically over an extended period of time for treatment or control of a chronic condition, or may be by single or repeated administration in the period before, during or following acute trauma or injury.

SKIN DISORDERS

Psoriasis is a chronic, debilitating skin condition that affects millions of people and is attributed to both genetic and environmental factors. Topical agents as well as UVB and PUVA phototherapy are generally considered to be the first-line treatment for psoriasis. However, for generalized or more extensive disease, systemic therapy is indicated as a primary treatment or, in some cases, to potentiate UVB and PUVA therapy.

The underlying etiology of various skins diseases such as psoriasis support a role for immune and proinflammatory processes including the involvement of the complement system. Moreover, the role of the complement system has been established as an important nonspecific skin defense mechanism. Its activation leads to the generation of products that not only help to maintain normal host defenses, but also mediate inflammation and tissue injury. Proinflammatory products of complement include large fragments of C3 with opsonic and cell-stimulatory activities (C3b and C3bi), low molecular weight anaphylatoxins (C3a, C4a, and C5a), and membrane attack complexes. Among them, C5a or its degradation product C5a des Arg, seems to be the most

-452016204452 28 Jun 2016 important mediator because it exerts a potent chemotactic effect on inflammatory cells. Intradermal administration of C5a anaphylatoxin induces skin changes quite similar to those observed in cutaneous hypersensitivity vasculitis that occurs through immune complex-mediated complement activation. Complement activation is involved in the pathogenesis of the inflammatory changes in autoimmune bullous dermatoses. Complement activation by pemphigus antibody in the epidermis seems to be responsible for the development of characteristic inflammatory changes termed eosinophilic spongiosis. In bullous pemphigoid (BP), interaction of basement membrane zone antigen and BP antibody leads to complement activation that seems to be related to leukocytes lining the dermoepidermal junction. Resultant anaphylatoxins not only activate the infiltrating leukocytes but also induce mast cell degranulation, which facilitates dermoepidermal separation and eosinophil infiltration. Similarly, complement activation seems to play a more direct role in the dermoepidermal separation noted in epidermolysis bullosa acquisita and herpes gestationis.

Evidence for the involvement of complement in psoriasis comes from recent experimental findings described in the literature related to the pathophysiological mechanisms for the inflammatory changes in psoriasis and related diseases. A growing body of evidence has indicated that T-cell-mediated immunity plays an important role in the triggering and maintenance of psoriatic lesions. It has been revealed that lymphokines produced by activated T-cells in psoriatic lesions have a strong influence on the proliferation of the epidermis. Characteristic neutrophil accumulation under the stratum comeum can he observed in the highly inflamed areas of psoriatic lesions. Neutrophils are chemotactically attracted and activated there by synergistic action of chemokines, IL-8 and Gro-alpha released by stimulated keratinocytes, and particularly by

C5a/C5a des-arg produced via the alternative complement pathway activation (Terui, T., TahokuJ. Exp. Med. 190:239-248, 2000; Terui, T., Exp. Dermatol. 9:1-10, 2000).

Psoriatic scale extracts contain a unique chemotactic peptide fraction that is likely to be involved in the induction of rhythmic transepidermal leukocyte chemotaxis. Recent studies have identified the presence of two unrelated chemotactic peptides in this fraction,

i.e., C5a/C5a des Arg and interleukin 8 (IL-8) and its related cytokines. To investigate their relative contribution to the transepidermal leukocyte migration as well as their interrelationship in psoriatic lesions, concentrations of immunoreactive C5a/C5a desArg and IL-8 in psoriatic lesional scale extracts and those from related sterile pustular

-462016204452 28 Jun 2016 dermatoses were quantified. It was found that the concentrations of C5a/C5a desArg and IL-8 were more significantly increased in the homy-tissue extracts from lesional skin than in those from non-inflammatory orthokeratotic skin. The increase of C5a/C5a desArg concentration was specific to the lesional scale extracts. Based on these results, it appears that C5a/C5a desArg is generated only in the inflammatory lesional skin under specific circumstances that preferentially favor complement activation. This provides a rationale for the use of an inhibitor of complement activation to ameliorate psoriatic lesions.

While the classical pathway of the complement system has been shown to be activated in psoriasis, there are fewer reports on the involvement of the alternative pathway in the inflammatory reactions in psoriasis. Within the conventional view of complement activation pathways, complement fragments C4d and Bb are released at the time of the classical and alternative pathway activation, respectively. The presence of the C4d or Bb fragment, therefore, denotes a complement activation that proceeds through the classical and/or alternative pathway. One study measured the levels of C4d and Bb in psoriatic scale extracts using enzyme immunoassay techniques. The scales of these dermatoses contained higher levels of C4d and Bb detectable by enzyme immunoassay than those in the stratum comeum of noninflammatory skin (Takematsu, H., etal., Dermatologica 181:289-292, 1990). These results suggest that the alternative pathway is activated in addition to the classical pathway of complement in psoriatic lesional skin.

Additional evidence for the involvement of complement in psoriasis and atopic dermatitis has been obtained by measuring normal complement components and activation products in the peripheral blood of 35 patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) and 24 patients with psoriasis at a mild to intermediate stage. Levels of C3, C4 and Cl inactivator (Cl INA) were determined in serum by radial immunodiffusion, whereas C3a and C5a levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. In comparison to healthy nonatopic controls, the levels of C3, C4 and Cl INA were found to be significantly increased in both diseases. In AD, there was a tendency towards increased C3a levels, whereas in psoriasis, C3a levels were significantly increased. The results indicate that, in both AD and psoriasis, the complement system participates in the inflammatory process (Ohkonohchi, K., et al., Dermatologica 179:30-34,1989).

Complement activation in psoriatic lesional skin also results in the deposition of terminal complement complexes within the epidermis as defined by measuring levels of SC5b-9 in the plasma and homy tissues of psoriatic patients. The levels of SC5b-9 in

-472016204452 28 Jun 2016 psoriatic plasma have been found to be significantly higher than those of controls or those of patients with atopic dermatitis. Studies of total protein extracts from lesional skin have shown that, while no SC5b-9 can be detected in the noninflammatory homy tissues, there were high levels of SC5b-9 in lesional homy tissues of psoriasis. By immunofluorescence using a monoclonal antibody to the C5b-9 neoantigen, deposition of C5b-9 has been observed only in the stratum comeum of psoriatic skin. In summary, in psoriatic lesional skin, the complement system is activated and complement activation proceeds all the way to the terminal step, generating membrane attack complex.

New biologic drags that selectively target the immune system have recently become available for treating psoriasis. Four biologic drags that are either currently FDA approved or in Phase 3 studies are: alefacept (Amevive®) and efalizuMoAb (Raptiva®) which are T-cell modulators; etanercept (Enbrel®), a soluble TNF-receptor; and inflixiMoAb (Remicade®), an anti-TNF monoclonal antibody. Raptiva is an immune response modifier, wherein the targeted mechanism of action is a blockade of the interaction between LFA-1 on lymphocytes and ICAM-1 on antigen-presenting cells and on vascular endothelial cells. Binding of GDI la by Raptiva results in saturation of available GDI la binding sites on lymphocytes and down-modulation of cell surface GDI la expression on lymphocytes. This mechanism of action inhibits T-cell activation, cell trafficking to the dermis and epidermis and T-cell reactivation. Thus, a plurality of scientific evidence indicates a role for complement in inflammatory disease states of the skin and recent pharmaceutical approaches have targeted the immune system or specific inflammatory processes. None, however, have identified MASP-2 as a targeted approach. Based on the inventors' new understanding of the role of MASP-2 in complement activation, the inventors believe MASP-2 to be an effective target for the treatment of psoriasis and other skin disorders.

One aspect of the invention is thus directed to the treatment of psoriasis, autoimmune bullous dermatoses, eosinophilic spongiosis, bullous pemphigoid, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, atopic dermatitis, herpes gestationis and other skin disorders, and for the treatment of thermal and chemical bums including capillary leakage caused thereby, by administering a composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a MASP-2 inhibitory agent in a pharmaceutical carrier to a subject suffering from such a skin disorder. The MASP-2 inhibitory agent may be administered to the subject topically, by application of a spray, lotion, gel, paste, salve or irrigation solution

-482016204452 28 Jun 2016 containing the MASP-2 inhibitory agent, or systemically such as by intra-arterial, intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous or other parenteral administration, or potentially by oral administration for non-peptidergic inhibitors. Treatment may involve a single administration or repeated applications or dosings for an acute condition, or by periodic applications or dosings for control of a chronic condition.

TRANSPLANTATION

Activation of the complement system significantly contributes to the inflammatory reaction after solid organ transplantation. In allotransplantation, the complement system may be activated by ischemia/reperfusion and, possibly, by antibodies directed against the graft (Baldwin, W.M., etal., Springer Seminal Immunopathol. 25:181-197, 2003). In xenotransplantation from nonprimates to primates, the major activators for complement are preexisting antibodies. Studies in animal models have shown that the use of complement inhibitors may significantly prolong graft survival (see below). Thus, there is an established role of the complement system in organ injury after organ transplantation, and therefore the inventors believe that the use of complement inhibitors directed to MASP-2 may prevent damage to the graft after alio- or xenotransplantation.

Innate immune mechanisms, particularly complement, play a greater role in inflammatory and immune responses against the graft than has been previously recognized. For example, alternative complement pathway activation appears to mediate renal ischemia/reperfusion injury, and proximal tubular cells may be both the source and the site of attack of complement components in this setting. Locally produced complement in the kidney also plays a role in the development of both cellular and antibody-mediated immune responses against the graft.

C4d is the degradation product of the activated complement factor C4, a component of the classical and lectin-dependent pathways. C4d staining has emerged as a useful marker of humoral rejection both in the acute and in the chronic setting and led to renewed interest in the significance of anti-donor antibody formation. The association between C4d and morphological signs of acute cellular rejection is statistically significant. C4d is found in 24-43% of Type I episodes, in 45% of type II rejection and 50% of type III rejection (Nickeleit, V., etal., J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 13:242-251, 2002; Nickeleit, V., etal., Nephrol. Dial. Transplant 18:2232-2239, 2003). A number of

-492016204452 28 Jun 2016 therapies are in development that inhibit complement or reduce local synthesis as a means to achieve an improved clinical outcome following transplantation.

Activation of the complement cascade occurs as a result of a number of processes during transplantation. Present therapy, although effective in limiting cellular rejection, does not fully deal with all the barriers faced. These include humoral rejection and chronic allograft nephropathy or dysfunction. Although the overall response to the transplanted organ is a result of a number of effector mechanisms on the part of the host, complement may play a key role in some of these. In the setting of renal transplantation, local synthesis of complement by proximal tubular cells appears of particular importance.

The availability of specific inhibitors of complement may provide the opportunity for an improved clinical outcome following organ transplantation. Inhibitors that act by a mechanism that blocks complement attack may be particularly useful, because they hold the promise of increased efficacy and avoidance of systemic complement depletion in an already immuno-compromised recipient.

Complement also plays a critical role in xenograft rejection. Therefore, effective complement inhibitors are of great interest as potential therapeutic agents. In pig-toprimate organ transplantation, hyperacute rejection (HAR) results from antibody deposition and complement activation. Multiple strategies and targets have been tested to prevent hyperacute xenograft rejection in the pig-to-primate combination. These approaches have been accomplished by removal of natural antibodies, complement depletion with cobra venom factor, or prevention of C3 activation with the soluble complement inhibitor sCRl. In addition, complement activation blocker-2 (CAB-2), a recombinant soluble chimeric protein derived from human decay accelerating factor (DAF) and membrane cofactor protein, inhibits C3 and C5 convertases of both classical and alternative pathways. CAB-2 reduces complement-mediated tissue injury of a pig heart perfused ex vivo with human blood. A study of the efficacy of CAB-2 when a pig heart was transplanted heterotopically into rhesus monkeys receiving no immunosuppression showed that graft survival was markedly prolonged in monkeys that received CAB-2 (Salerno, C.T., etal., Xenotransplantation 9:125-134, 2002). CAB-2 markedly inhibited complement activation, as shown by a strong reduction in generation of C3a and SC5b-9. At graft rejection, tissue deposition of iC3b, C4 and C9 was similar or slightly reduced from controls, and deposition of IgG, IgM, Clq and fibrin did not change. Thus, this approach for complement inhibition abrogated hyperacute rejection of

-502016204452 28 Jun 2016 pig hearts transplanted into rhesus monkeys. These studies demonstrate the beneficial effects of complement inhibition on survival and the inventors believe that MASP-2 inhibition may also be useful in xenotransplantation.

Another approach has focused on determining if anti-complement 5 (C5) 5 monoclonal antibodies could prevent hyperacute rejection (HAR) in a rat-to-presensitized mouse heart transplantation model and whether these MoAb, combined with cyclosporine and cyclophosphamide, could achieve long-term graft survival. It was found that anti-C5 MoAb prevents HAR (Wang, H., etal., Transplantation 68:1643-1651, 1999). The inventors thus believe that other targets in the complement cascade, such as MASP-2, may also be valuable for preventing HAR and acute vascular rejection in future clinical xenotransplantation.

While the pivotal role of complement in hyperacute rejection seen in xenografts is well established, a subtler role in allogeneic transplantation is emerging. A link between complement and the acquired immune response has long been known, with the finding that complement-depleted animals mounted subnormal antibody responses following antigenic stimulation. Opsonization of antigen with the complement split product C3d has been shown to greatly increase the effectiveness of antigen presentation to B cells, and has been shown to act via engagement of complement receptor type 2 on certain B cells. This work has been extended to the transplantation setting in a skin graft model in mice, where C3- and C4-deficient mice had a marked defect in allo-antibody production, due to failure of class switching to high-affinity IgG. The importance of these mechanisms in renal transplantation is increased due to the significance of anti-donor antibodies and humoral rejection.

Previous work has already demonstrated upregulation of C3 synthesis by proximal tubular cells during allograft rejection following renal transplantation. The role of locally synthesized complement has been examined in a mouse renal transplantation model. Grafts from C3-negative donors transplanted into C3-sufficient recipients demonstrated prolonged survival (>100 days) as compared with control grafts from C3-positive donors, which were rejected within 14 days. Furthermore, the anti-donor T-cell proliferative response in recipients of C3-negative grafts was markedly reduced as compared with that of controls, indicating an effect of locally synthesized C3 on T-cell priming.

These observations suggest the possibility that exposure of donor antigen to Tcells first occurs in the graft and that locally synthesized complement enhances antigen

-512016204452 28 Jun 2016 presentation, either by opsonization of donor antigen or by providing additional signals to both antigen-presenting cells and T-cells. In the setting of renal transplantation, tubular cells that produce complement also demonstrate complement deposition on their cell surface. '

One aspect of the invention is thus directed to the prevention or treatment of inflammatory reaction resulting from tissue or solid organ transplantation by administering a composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a MASP-2 inhibitory agent in a pharmaceutical carrier to the transplant recipient, including subjects that have received allotransplantation or xenotransplantation of whole organs (e.g., kidney, heart, liver, pancreas, lung, cornea, etc.) or grafts (e.g., valves, tendons, bone marrow, etc.). The MASP-2 inhibitory agent may be administered to the subject by intraarterial, intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous or other parenteral administration, or potentially by oral administration for non-peptidergic inhibitors. Administration may occur during the acute period following transplantation and/or as long-term posttransplantation therapy. Additionally or in lieu of posttransplant administration, the subject may be treated with the MASP-2 inhibitory agent prior to transplantation and/or during the transplant procedure, and/or by pretreating the organ or tissue to be transplanted with the MASP-2 inhibitory agent. Pretreatment of the organ or tissue may entail applying a solution, gel or paste containing the MASP-2 inhibitory agent to the surface of the organ or tissue by spraying or irrigating the surface, or the organ or tissue may be soaked in a solution containing the MASP-2 inhibitor.

CENTRAL AND PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS AND INJURIES

Activation of the complement system has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of central nervous system (CNS) or peripheral nervous system (PNS) diseases or injuries, including but not limited to multiple sclerosis (MS), myasthenia gravis (MG), Huntington's disease (HD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Guillain Barre syndrome, reperfusion following stroke, degenerative discs, cerebral trauma, Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The initial determination that complement proteins are synthesized in CNS cells including neurons, astrocytes and microglia, as well as the realization that anaphylatoxins generated in the CNS following complement activation can alter neuronal function, has opened up the potential role of complement in CNS disorders (Morgan, B.P., etal., Immunology Today 17:10: 461-466, 1996). It has

-522016204452 28 Jun 2016 now been shown that C3a receptors and C5a receptors are found on neurons and show widespread distribution in distinct portions of the sensory, motor and limbic brain systems (Barum, S.R., Immunologic Research 26:7-13, 2002). Moreover, the anaphylatoxins C5a and C3a have been shown to alter eating and drinking behavior in rodents and can induce calcium signaling in microglia and neurons. These findings raise possibilities regarding the therapeutic utility of inhibiting complement activation in a variety of CNS inflammatory diseases including cerebral trauma, demyelination, meningitis, stroke and Alzheimer's disease.

Brain trauma or hemorrhage is a common clinical problem, and complement activation may occur and exacerbate resulting inflammation and edema. The effects of complement inhibition have been studied in a model of brain trauma in rats (Kaczorowski etal., J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 15:860-864, 1995). Administration of sCRl immediately prior to brain injury markedly inhibited neutrophil infiltration into the injured area, indicating complement was important for recruitment of phagocytic cells.

Likewise, complement activation in patients following cerebral hemorrhage is clearly implicated by the presence of high levels of multiple complement activation products in both plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Complement activation and increased staining of C5b-9 complexes have been demonstrated in sequestered lumbar disc tissue and could suggest a role in disc herniation tissue-induced sciatica (Gronblad, M., et al.,

Spine 28(2):114-118, 2003).

MS is characterized by a progressive loss of myelin ensheathing and insulating axons within the CNS. Although the initial cause is unknown, there is abundant evidence implicating the immune system (Prineas, J.W., etal., Lab Invest. 38:409-421, 1978; Ryberg, B., J. Neurol. Sci. 54:239-261, 1982). There is also clear evidence that complement plays a prominent role in the pathophysiology of CNS or PNS demyelinating diseases including MS, Guillain-Barre syndrome and Miller-Fisher syndrome (Gasque, P., et al., Immunopharmacology 49:171-186, 2000; Barnum, S.R. in Bondy S. et al. (eds.) Inflammatory events in neurodegeneration, Prominent Press 139-156, 2001). Complement contributes to tissue destruction, inflammation, clearance of myelin debris and even remyelination of axons. Despite clear evidence of complement involvement, the identification of complement therapeutic targets is only now being evaluated in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis. Studies have established that EAE mice deficient in C3 or factor B showed attenuated

-532016204452 28 Jun 2016 demyelination as compared to EAE control mice (Barnum, Immunologic Research 26:713, 2002). EAE mouse studies using a soluble form of a complement inhibitor coined sCrry and C3-/- and factor B-/- demonstrated that complement contributes to the development and progression of the disease model at several levels. In addition, the marked reduction in EAE severity in factor B-/- mice provides further evidence for the role of the alternative pathway of complement in EAE (Nataf etal., J. Immunology 165:5867-5873,2000). .

MG is a disease of the neuromuscular junction with a loss of acetylcholine receptors and destruction of the end plate. sCRl is very effective in an animal model of

MG, further indicating the role of complement in the disease (Piddelesden et al., J. Neuroimmunol. 1997).

The histological hallmarks of AD, a neurodegenerative disease, are senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (McGeer etal., Res. Immunol. 143:621-630, 1992). These pathological markers also stain strongly for components of the complement system.

Evidence points to a local neuroinflammatory state that results in neuronal death and cognitive dysfunction. Senile plaques contain abnormal amyloid-p-peptide (Αβ), a peptide derived from amyloid precursor protein. Αβ has been shown to bind Cl and can trigger complement activation (Rogers etal., Res. Immunol. 143:624-630, 1992). In addition, a prominent feature of AD is the association of activated proteins of the classical complement pathway from Clq to C5b-9, which have been found highly localized in the neuritic plaques (Shen, Y., et al., Brain Research 769:391-395, 1997; Shen, Y., et al., Neurosci. Letters 305(3):165-168, 2001). Thus, Αβ not only initiates the classical pathway, but a resulting continual inflammatory state may contribute to the neuronal cell death. Moreover, the fact that complement activation in AD has progressed to the terminal C5b-9 phase indicates that the regulatory mechanisms of the complement system have been unable to halt the complement activation process.

Several inhibitors of the complement pathway have been proposed as potential therapeutic approaches for AD, including proteoglycan as inhibitors of C1Q binding, Nafamstat as an inhibitor of C3 convertase, and C5 activation blockers or inhibitors of

C5a receptors (Shen, Y., et al., Progress in Neurobiology, 70:463-472,2003). The role of MASP-2 as an initiation step in the innate complement pathway, as well as for alternative pathway activation, provides a potential new therapeutic approach and is supported by the wealth of data suggesting complement pathway involvement in AD.

-542016204452 28 Jun 2016

In damaged regions in the brains of PD patients, as in other CNS degenerative diseases, there is evidence of inflammation characterized by glial reaction (especially microglia), as well as increased expression of HLA-DR antigens, cytokines, and components of complement. These observations suggest that immune system mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of neuronal damage in PD. The cellular mechanisms of primary injury in PD have not been clarified, however, but it is likely that mitochondrial mutations, oxidative stress and apoptosis play a role. Furthermore, inflammation initiated by neuronal damage in the striatum and the substantial nigra in PD may aggravate the course of the disease. These observations suggest that treatment with complement inhibitory drugs may act to slow progression of PD (Czlonkowska, A., et al., Med. Sci. Monit. 8:165-177, 2002).

One aspect of the invention is thus directed to the treatment of peripheral nervous system (PNS) and/or central nervous system (CNS) disorders or injuries by treating a subject suffering from such a disorder or injury with a composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a MASP-2 inhibitory agent in a pharmaceutical carrier. CNS and PNS disorders and injuries that may be treated in accordance with the present invention are believed to include but are not limited to multiple sclerosis (MS), myasthenia gravis (MG), Huntington's disease (HD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Guillain Barre syndrome, reperfusion following stroke, degenerative discs, cerebral trauma, Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Miller-Fisher syndrome, cerebral trauma and/or hemorrhage, demyelination and, possibly, meningitis.

For treatment of CNS conditions and cerebral trauma, the MASP-2 inhibitory agent may be administered to the subject by intrathecal, intracranial, intraventricular, intra-arterial, intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, or other parenteral administration, and potentially orally for non-peptidergic inhibitors. PNS conditions and cerebral trauma may be treated by a systemic route of administration or alternately by local administration to the site of dysfunction or trauma. Administration of the MASP-2 inhibitory compositions of the present invention may be repeated periodically as determined by a physician until effective relief or control of the symptoms is achieved.

BLOOD DISORDERS

Sepsis is caused by an overwhelming reaction of the patient to invading microorganisms. A major function of the complement system is to orchestrate the inflammatory response to invading bacteria and other pathogens. Consistent with this

-552016204452 28 Jun 2016 physiological role, complement activation has been shown in numerous studies to have a major role in the pathogenesis of sepsis (Bone, R.C., Annals. Internal. Med. 115:457-469, 1991). The definition of the clinical manifestations of sepsis is ever evolving. Sepsis is usually defined as the systemic host response to an infection. However, on many occasions, no clinical evidence for infection (e.g., positive bacterial blood cultures) is found in patients with septic symptoms. This discrepancy was first taken into account at a Consensus Conference in 1992 when the term systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) was established, and for which no definable presence of bacterial infection was required (Bone, R.C., et al., Crit. Care Med. 20:724-726, 1992). There is now general agreement that sepsis and SIRS are accompanied by the inability to regulate the inflammatory response. For the purposes of this brief review, we will consider the clinical definition of sepsis to also include severe sepsis, septic shock, and SIRS.

The predominant source of infection in septic patients before the late 1980s was Gram-negative bacteria. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the main component of the Gram15 negative bacterial cell wall, was known to stimulate release of inflammatory mediators from various cell types and induce acute infectious symptoms when injected into animals (Haeney, M.R., etal., Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 41(Suppl. A):41-6, 1998).

Interestingly, the spectrum of responsible microorganisms appears to have shifted from predominantly Gram-negative bacteria in the late 1970s and 1980s to predominantly

Gram-positive bacteria at present, for reasons that are currently unclear (Martin, G.S., et al., N. Eng. J. Med. 348:1546-54, 2003).

Many studies have shown the importance of complement activation in mediating inflammation and contributing to the features of shock, particularly septic and hemorrhagic shock. Both Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms commonly precipitate septic shock. LPS is a potent activator of complement, predominantly via the alternative pathway, although classical pathway activation mediated by antibodies also occurs (Fearon, D.T., et al., N. Engl. J. Med. 292:937-400,1975). The major components of the Gram-positive cell wall are peptidoglycan and lipoteichoic acid, and both components are potent activators of the alternative complement pathway, although in the presence of specific antibodies they can also activate the classical complement pathway (Joiner, K.A., et ¢4., Ann. Rev. Immunol. 2:461-2, 1984).

The complement system was initially implicated in the pathogenesis of sepsis when it was noted by researchers that anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a mediate a variety of

-562016204452 28 Jun 2016 inflammatory reactions that might also occur during sepsis. These anaphylatoxins evoke vasodilation and an increase in microvascular permeability, events that play a central role in septic shock (Schumacher, W.A., etal., Agents Actions 34:345-349, 1991). In addition, the anaphylatoxins induce bronchospasm, histamine release from mast cells, and aggregation of platelets. Moreover, they exert numerous effects on granulocytes, such as chemotaxis, aggregation, adhesion, release of lysosomal enzymes, generation of toxic super oxide anion and formation of leukotrienes (Shin, H.S., et al., Science 162:361-363, 1968; Vogt, W., Complement 3:177-86,1986). These biologic effects are thought to play a role in development of complications of sepsis such as shock or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (Hammerschmidt, D.E., etal., Lancet 1:947-949, 1980; Slotman, G.T., etal., Surgery 99:744-50, 1986). Furthermore, elevated levels of the anaphylatoxin C3a is associated with a fatal outcome in sepsis (Hack, C.E., et al., Am. J. Med. 86:20-26, 1989). In some animal models of shock, certain complement-deficient strains (e.g., C5-deficient ones) are more resistant to the effects of LPS infusions (Hseuh,

W., et al., Immunol. 70:309-14,1990).

Blockade of C5a generation with antibodies during the onset of sepsis in rodents has been shown to greatly improve survival (Czermak, B.J., et al., Nat. Med. 5:788-792, 1999). Similar findings were made when the C5a receptor (C5aR) was blocked, either with antibodies or with a small molecular inhibitor (Huber-Lang, M.S., et al., FASEB J.

16:1567-74, 2002; Riedemann, N.C., etal., J. Clin. Invest. 110:101-8, 2002). Earlier experimental studies in monkeys have suggested that antibody blockade of C5a attenuated E. co/z-induced septic shock and adult respiratory distress syndrome (Hangen, D.H., et al., J. Surg. Res. 46:195-9, 1989; Stevens, J.H., et al., J. Clin. Invest. 77:1812-16, 1986). In humans with sepsis, C5a was elevated and associated with significantly reduced survival rates together with multiorgan failure, when compared with that in less severely septic patients and survivors (Nakae, H., et al., Res. Commun. Chem. Pathol. Pharmacol. 84:189-95, 1994; Nakae, etal., Surg. Today 26:225-29, 1996; Bengtson, A., et al., Arch. Surg. 123:645-649,1988). The mechanisms by which C5a exerts its harmful effects during sepsis are yet to be investigated in greater detail, but recent data suggest the generation of C5a during sepsis significantly compromises innate immune functions of blood neutrophils (Huber-Lang, M.S., et al., J. Immunol. 169:3223-31,2002), their ability to express a respiratory burst, and their ability to generate cytokines (Riedemann, N.C., et al., Immunity 19:193-202, 2003). In addition, C5a generation during sepsis appears to

-572016204452 28 Jun 2016 have procoagulant effects (Laudes, I.J., etal., Am. J. Pathol. 160:1867-75, 2002). The complement-modulating protein CI INH has also shown efficacy in animal models of sepsis and ARDS (Dickneite, G., Behring Ins. Mitt. 93:299-305, 1993).

The lectin pathway may also have a role in pathogenesis of sepsis. MBL has been shown to bind to a range of clinically important microorganisms including both Gramnegative and Gram-positive bacteria, and to activate the lectin pathway (Neth, O., et al., Infect. Immun. 68:688, 2000). Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is increasingly regarded as the Gram-positive counterpart of LPS. It is a potent immunostimulant that induces cytokine release from mononuclear phagocytes and whole blood (Morath, S. et al., J. Exp. Med.

195:1635, 2002; Morath, S. etal., Infect. Immun. 70:938, 2002). Recently it was demonstrated that L-ficolin specifically binds to LTA isolated from numerous Grampositive bacteria species, including Staphylococcus aureus, and activates the lectin pathway (Lynch, N.J., et al., J. Immunol. 172:1198-02, 2004). MBL also has been shown to bind to LTA from Enterococcus spp in which the polyglycerophosphate chain is substituted with glycosyl groups), hut not to LTA from nine other species including S. aureus (Polotsky, V.Y., et al., Infect. Immun. 64:380,1996).

An aspect of the invention thus provides a method for treating sepsis or a condition resulting from sepsis, by administering a composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a MASP-2 inhibitory agent in a pharmaceutical carrier to a subject suffering from sepsis or a condition resulting from sepsis including without limitation severe sepsis, septic shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome resulting from sepsis, and systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Related methods are provided for the treatment of other blood disorders, including hemorrhagic shock, hemolytic anemia, autoimmune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) or other marrow/blood destructive conditions, by administering a composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a MASP-2 inhibitory agent in a pharmaceutical carrier to a subject suffering from such a condition. The MASP-2 inhibitory agent is administered to the subject systemically, such as by intraarterial, intravenous, intramuscular, inhalational (particularly in the case of ARDS), subcutaneous or other parenteral administration, or potentially by oral administration for non-peptidergic agents. The MASP-2 inhibitory agent composition may be combined with one or more additional therapeutic agents to combat the sequelae of sepsis and/or shock. For advanced sepsis or shock or a distress condition resulting therefrom, the

-582016204452 28 Jun 2016

MASP-2 inhibitory composition may suitably be administered in a fast-acting dosage form, such as by intravenous or intra-arterial delivery of a bolus of a solution containing the MASP-2 inhibitory agent composition. Repeated administration may be carried out as determined by a physician until the condition has been resolved.

UROGENITAL CONDITIONS

The complement system has been implicated in several distinct urogenital disorders including painful bladder disease, sensory bladder disease, chronic abacterial cystitis and interstitial cystitis (Holm-Bentzen, M., etal., J. Urol. 138:503-507, 1987), infertility (Cruz, etal., Biol. Reprod. 54:1217-1228, 1996), pregnancy (Xu, C., etal.,

Science 287:498-507, 2000), fetomatemal tolerance (Xu, C., et al., Science 287:498-507, 2000), and pre-eclampsia (Haeger, M., Int. J. Gynecol. Obstet. 43:113-127, 1993).

Painful bladder disease, sensory bladder disease, chronic abacterial cystitis and interstitial cystitis are ill-defined conditions of unknown etiology and pathogenesis, and, therefore, they are without any rational therapy. Pathogenetic theories concerning defects in the epithelium and/or mucous surface coating of the bladder, and theories concerning immunological disturbances, predominate (Holm-Bentzen, M., et al., J. Urol. 138:503507, 1987). Patients with interstitial cystitis were reported to have been tested for immunoglobulins (IgA, G, M), complement components (Clq, C3, C4) and for Clesterase inhibitor. There was a highly significant depletion of the serum levels of complement component C4 (p less than 0.001) and immunoglobulin G was markedly elevated (p less than 0.001). This study suggests classical pathway activation of the complement system, and supports the possibility that a chronic local immunological process is involved in the pathogenesis of the disease (Mattila, J., et al., Eur. Urol. 9:350352, 1983). Moreover, following binding of autoantibodies to antigens in bladder mucosa, activation of complement could be involved in the production of tissue injury and in the chronic self-perpetuating inflammation typical of this disease (Helin, H., et al., Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol. 43:88-96,1987).

In addition to the role of complement in urogenital inflammatory diseases, reproductive functions may be impacted by the local regulation of the complement pathway. Naturally occurring complement inhibitors have evolved to provide host cells with the protection they need to control the body's complement system. Crry, a naturallyoccurring rodent complement inhibitor that is structurally similar to the human complement inhibitors, MCP and DAF, has been investigated to delineate the regulatory

-592016204452 28 Jun 2016 control of complement in fetal development. Interestingly, attempts to generate Crry-/mice were unsuccessful. Instead, it was discovered that homozygous Crry-/- mice died in utero. Crry-/- embryos survived until about 10 days post coitus, and survival rapidly declined with death resulting from developmental arrest. There was also a marked invasion of inflammatory cells into the placental tissue of Crry-/- embryos. In contrast, Crry+/+ embryos appeared to have C3 deposited on the placenta. This suggests that complement activation had occurred at the placenta level, and in the absence of complement regulation, the embryos died. Confirming studies investigated the introduction of the Crry mutation onto a C3 deficient background. This rescue strategy was successful. Together, these data illustrate that the fetomatemal complement interface must be regulated. Subtle alterations in complement regulation within the placenta might contribute to placental dysfunction and miscarriage (Xu, C., et al., Science 287:498-507, 2000).

Pre-eclampsia is a pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorder in which complement system activation has been implicated but remains controversial (Haeger, M., Int. J. Gynecol. Obstet. 43:113-127, 1993). Complement activation in systemic circulation is closely related to established disease in pre-eclampsia, but no elevations were seen prior to the presence of clinical symptoms and, therefore, complement components cannot be used as predictors of pre-eclampsia (Haeger, etal., Obstet. Gynecol. 78:46, 1991).

However, increased complement activation at the local environment of the placenta bed might overcome local control mechanisms, resulting in raised levels of anaphylatoxins and C5b-9 (Haeger, et al., Obstet. Gynecol. 73:551, 1989).

One proposed mechanism of infertility related to antisperm antibodies (ASA) is through the role of complement activation in the genital tract. Generation of C3b and iC3b opsonin, which can potentiate the binding of sperm by phagocytic cells via their complement receptors as well as formation of the terminal C5b-9 complex on the sperm surface, thereby reducing sperm motility, are potential causes associated with reduced fertility. Elevated C5b-9 levels have also been demonstrated in ovarian follicular fluid of infertile women (D'Cruz, O.J., et al., J. Immunol. 144:3841-3848, 1990). Other studies have shown impairment in sperm migration, and reduced sperm/egg interactions, which may be complement associated (D'Cruz, O.J., etal., J. Immunol. 146:611-620, 1991; Alexander, N.J., Fertil. Steril. 41:433-439, 1984). Finally, studies with sCRl demonstrated a protective effect against ASA- and complement mediated injury to human

-602016204452 28 Jun 2016 sperm (D'Cruz, O.J., etal., Biol. Reprod. 54:1217-1228, 1996). These data provide several lines of evidence for the use of complement inhibitors in the treatment of urogenital disease and disorders.

An aspect of the invention thus provides a method for inhibiting MASP-25 dependent complement activation in a patient suffering from a urogenital disorder, by administering a composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a MASP-2 inhibitory agent in a pharmaceutical carrier to a subject suffering from such a disorder. Urogenital disorders believed to be subject to therapeutic treatment with the methods and compositions of the present invention include, by way of nonlimiting example, painful bladder disease, sensory bladder disease, chronic abacterial cystitis and interstitial cystitis, male and female infertility, placental dysfunction and miscarriage and preeclampsia. The MASP-2 inhibitory agent may be administered to the subject systemically, such as by intra-arterial, intravenous, intramuscular, inhalational, subcutaneous or other parenteral administration, or potentially by oral administration for non-peptidergic agents. Alternately, the MASP-2 inhibitory composition may be delivered locally to the urogenital tract, such as by intravesical irrigation or instillation with a liquid solution or gel composition. Repeated administration may be carried out as determined by a physician to control or resolve the condition.

DIABETES AND DIABETIC CONDITIONS

Diabetic retinal microangiopathy is characterized by increased permeability, leukostasis, microthrombosis, and apoptosis of capillary cells, all of which could be caused or promoted by activation of complement. Glomerular structures and endoneurial microvessels of patients with diabetes show signs of complement activation. Decreased availability or effectiveness of complement inhibitors in diabetes has been suggested by the findings that high glucose in vitro selectively decreases on the endothelial cell surface the expression of CD55 and CD59, the two inhibitors that are glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored membrane proteins, and that CD59 undergoes nonenzymatic glycation that hinders its complement-inhibitory function.

Studies by Zhang et al. (Diabetes 51:3499-3504, 2002), investigated complement activation as a feature of human nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy and its association with changes in inhibitory molecules. It was found that deposition of C5b-9, the terminal product of complement activation, occurs in the wall of retinal vessels of human eye donors with type-2 diabetes, but not in the vessels of age-matched nondiabetic donors.

-612016204452 28 Jun 2016

Clq and C4, the complement components unique to the classical pathway, were not detected in the diabetic retinas, which indicates that C5b-9 was generated via the alternative pathway. The diabetic donors showed a prominent reduction in the retinal levels of CD55 and CD59, the two complement inhibitors linked to the plasma membrane by GPI anchors. Similar complement activation in retinal vessels and selective reduction in the levels of retinal CD55 and CD59 were observed in rats with a 10 week duration of streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Thus, diabetes appears to cause defective regulation of complement inhibitors and complement activation that precede most other manifestations of diabetic retinal microangiopathy.

Gerl etal. (Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 43:1104-08, 2000) determined the presence of activated complement components in eyes affected by diabetic retinopathy. Immunohistochemical studies found extensive deposits of complement C5b-9 complexes that were detected in the choriocapillaris immediately underlying the Bruch membrane and densely surrounding the capillaries in all 50 diabetic retinopathy specimens. Staining for C3d positively correlated with C5b-9 staining, indicative of the fact that complement activation had occurred in situ. Furthermore, positive staining was found for vitronectin, which forms stable complexes with extracellular C5b-9. In contrast, there was no positive staining for C-reactive protein (CRP), mannan-binding lectin (MBL), Clq, or C4, indicating that complement activation did not occur through a C4-dependent pathway. Thus, the presence of C3d, C5b-9, and vitronectin indicates that complement activation occurs to completion, possibly through the alternative pathway in the choriocapillaris in eyes affected by diabetic retinopathy. Complement activation may be a causative factor in the pathologic sequelae that can contribute to ocular tissue disease and visual impairment. Therefore, the use of a complement inhibitor may be an effective therapy to reduce or block damage to microvessels that occurs in diabetes.

Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM, also referred to as Type-I diabetes) is an autoimmune disease associated with the presence of different types of autoantibodies (Nicoloff et al., Clin. Dev. Immunol. 11:61-66, 2004). The presence of these antibodies and the corresponding antigens in the circulation leads to the formation of circulating immune complexes (CIC), which are known to persist in the blood for long periods of time. Deposition of CIC in the small blood vessels has the potential to lead to microangiopathy with debilitating clinical consequences. A correlation exists between

-622016204452 28 Jun 2016

CIC and the development of microvascular complications in diabetic children. These findings suggest that elevated levels of CIC IgG are associated with the development of early diabetic nephropathy and that an inhibitor of the complement pathway may be effective at blocking diabetic nephropathy (Kotnik, etal., Croat. Med. J. 44:707-11,

2003). In addition, the formation of downstream complement proteins and the involvement of the alternative pathway is likely to he a contributory factor in overall islet cell function in IDDM, and the use of a complement inhibitor to reduce potential damage or limit cell death is expected (Caraher, et al., J. Endocrinol. 162:143-53, 1999).

In another aspect of the invention, methods are provided for inhibiting MASP-210 dependent complement activation in a subject suffering from nonobese diabetes (IDDM) or from angiopathy, neuropathy or retinopathy complications of IDDM or adult onset (Type-2) diabetes, by administering a composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a MASP-2 inhibitor in a pharmaceutical carrier. The MASP-2 inhibitory agent may be administered to the subject systemically, such as by intra-arterial, intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous or other parenteral administration, or potentially by oral administration for non-peptidergic agents. Alternatively, administration may be by local delivery to the site of angiopathic, neuropathic or retinopathic symptoms. The MASP-2 inhibitory agent may be administered periodically over an extended period of time for treatment or control of a chronic condition, or by a single or series of administrations for treatment of an acute condition.

PERICHEMOTHERAPEUTIC ADMINISTRATION AND TREATMENT OF MALIGNANCIES

Activation of the complement system may also be implicated in the pathogenesis of malignancies. Recently, the neoantigens of the C5b-9 complement complex, IgG, C3,

C4, S-protein/vitronectin, fibronectin, and macrophages were localized on 17 samples of breast cancer and on 6 samples of benign breast tumors using polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies and the streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase technique. All the tissue samples with carcinoma in each the TNM stages presented C5b-9 deposits on the membranes of tumor cells, thin granules on cell remnants, and diffuse deposits in the necrotic areas (Niculescu,

F., et al., Am. J. Pathol. 140:1039-1043, 1992). .

In addition, complement activation may he a consequence of chemotherapy or radiation therapy and thus inhibition of complement activation would he useful as an adjunct in the treatment of malignancies to reduce iatrogenic inflammation. When

-632016204452 28 Jun 2016 chemotherapy and radiation therapy preceded surgery, C5b-9 deposits were more intense and extended. The C5b-9 deposits were absent in all the samples with benign lesions. Sprotein/vitronectin was present as fibrillar deposits in the connective tissue matrix and as diffuse deposits around the tumor cells, less intense and extended than fibronectin. IgG,

C3, and C4 deposits were present only in carcinoma samples. The presence of C5b-9 deposits is indicative of complement activation and its subsequent pathogenetic effects in breast cancer (Niculescu, F., et al., Am. J. Pathol. 140:1039-1043,1992).

Pulsed tunable dye laser (577 nm) (PTDL) therapy induces hemoglobin coagulation and tissue necrosis, which is mainly limited to blood vessels. In a PTDL10 irradiated normal skin study, the main findings were as follows: 1) C3 fragments, C8, C9, and MAC were deposited in vessel walls; 2) these deposits were not due to denaturation of the proteins since they became apparent only 7 min after irradiation, contrary to immediate deposition of transferrin at the sites of erythrocyte coagulates; 3) the C3 deposits were shown to amplify complement activation by the alternative pathway, a reaction which was specific since tissue necrosis itself did not lead to such amplification; and 4) these reactions preceded the local accumulation of polymorphonuclear leucocytes. Tissue necrosis was more pronounced in the hemangiomas. The larger angiomatous vessels in the center of the necrosis did not fix complement significantly. By contrast, complement deposition in the vessels situated at the periphery was similar to that observed in normal skin with one exception: C8, C9, and MAC were detected in some blood vessels immediately after laser treatment, a finding consistent with assembly of the MAC occurring directly without the formation of a C5 convertase. These results indicate that complement is activated in PTDL-induced vascular necrosis, and might be responsible for the ensuing inflammatory response.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) of tumors elicits a strong host immune response, and one of its manifestations is a pronounced neutrophilia. In addition to complement fragments (direct mediators) released as a consequence of PDT-induced complement activation, there are at least a dozen secondary mediators that all arise as a result of complement activity. The latter include cytokines IL-lbeta, TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-10, G30 CSF and KC, thromboxane, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, histamine, and coagulation factors (Cecic, I., et al., Cancer Lett. 183:43-51, 2002).

Finally, the use of inhibitors of MASP-2-dependent complement activation may be envisioned in conjunction with the standard therapeutic regimen for the treatment of

-642016204452 28 Jun 2016 cancer. For example, treatment with rituximab, a chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, can be associated with moderate to severe first-dose side-effects, notably in patients with high numbers of circulating tumor cells. Recent studies during the first infusion of rituximab measured complement activation products (C3b/c and C4b/c) and cytokines (tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-8) in five relapsed low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) patients. Infusion of rituximab induced rapid complement activation, preceding the release of TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-8. Although the study group was small, the level of complement activation appeared to be correlated both with the number of circulating B cells prior to the infusion (r = 0.85; P =

0.07), and with the severity of the side-effects. The results indicated that complement plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of side-effects of rituximab treatment. As complement activation cannot be prevented by corticosteroids, it may be relevant to study the possible role of complement inhibitors during the first administration of rituximab (van der Kolk, L.E., et al., Br. J. Haematol. 115:807-811, 2001).

In another aspect of the invention, methods are provided for inhibiting MASP-2dependent complement activation in a subject being treated with chemotherapeutics and/or radiation therapy, including without limitation for the treatment of cancerous conditions. This method includes administering a composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a MASP-2 inhibitor in a pharmaceutical carrier to a patient perichemotherapeutically, i.e., before and/or during and/or after the administration of chemotherapeutic(s) and/or radiation therapy. For example, administration of a MASP-2 inhibitor composition of the present invention may be commenced before or concurrently with the administration of chemo- or radiation therapy, and continued throughout the course of therapy, to reduce the detrimental effects of the chemo- and/or radiation therapy in the non-targeted, healthy tissues. In addition, the MASP-2 inhibitor composition can be administered following chemo- and/or radiation therapy. It is understood that chemo- and radiation therapy regimens often entail repeated treatments and, therefore, it is possible that administration of a MASP-2 inhibitor composition would also be repetitive and relatively coincident with the chemotherapeutic and radiation treatments. It is also believed that MASP-2 inhibitory agents may be used as chemotherapeutic agents, alone or in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents and/or radiation therapy, to treat patients suffering from malignancies. Administration

-652016204452 28 Jun 2016 may suitably be via oral (for non-peptidergic), intravenous, intramuscular or other parenteral route.

ENDOCRINE DISORDERS

The complement system has also been recently associated with a few endocrine 5 conditions or disorders including Hashimoto's thyroiditis (Blanchin, S., et al., Exp. Eye Res. 73(6):887-96, 2001), stress, anxiety and other potential hormonal disorders involving regulated release of prolactin, growth or insulin-like growth factor, and adrenocorticotropin from the pituitary (Francis, K., et al., FASEB J. 17:2266-2268, 2003;

Hansen, T.K., Endocrinology 144(12):5422-9, 2003).

Two-way communication exists between the endocrine and immune systems using molecules such as hormones and cytokines. Recently, a new pathway has been elucidated by which C3a, a complement-derived cytokine, stimulates anterior pituitary hormone release and activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, a reflex central to the stress response and to the control of inflammation. C3a receptors are expressed in pituitary-hormone-secreting and non-hormone-secreting (folliculostellate) cells. C3a and C3adesArg (a non-inflammatory metabolite) stimulate pituitary cell cultures to release prolactin, growth hormone, and adrenocorticotropin. Serum levels of these hormones, together with adrenal corticosterone, increase dose dependently with recombinant C3a and C3adesArg administration in vivo. The implication is that complement pathway modulates tissue-specific and systemic inflammatory responses through communication with the endocrine pituitary gland (Francis, K., et al., FASEB J. 17:2266-2268,2003).

An increasing number of studies in animals and humans indicate that growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) modulate immune function. GH therapy increased the mortality in critically ill patients. The excessive mortality was almost entirely due to septic shock or multi-organ failure, which could suggest that a GHinduced modulation of immune and complement function was involved. Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) is a plasma protein that plays an important role in innate immunity through activation of the complement cascade and inflammation following binding to carbohydrate structures. Evidence supports a significant influence from growth hormone on MBL levels and, therefore, potentially on lectin-dependent complement activation (Hansen, T.K., Endocrinology 144(12):5422-9, 2003).

-662016204452 28 Jun 2016

Thyroperoxidase (TPO) is one of the main autoantigens involved in autoimmune thyroid diseases. TPO consists of a large N-terminal myeloperoxidase-like module followed by a complement control protein (CCP)-like module and an epidermal growth factor-like module. The CCP module is a constituent of the molecules involved in the activation of C4 complement component, and studies were conducted to investigate whether C4 may bind to TPO and activate the complement pathway in autoimmune conditions. TPO via its CCP module directly activates complement without any mediation by Ig. Moreover, in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, thyrocytes overexpress C4 and all the downstream components of the complement pathway. These results indicate that TPO, along with other mechanisms related to activation of the complement pathway, may contribute to the massive cell destruction observed in Hashimoto's thyroiditis (Blanchin, S., et al., 2001).

An aspect of the invention thus provides a method for inhibiting MASP-2dependent complement activation to treat an endocrine disorder, by administering a composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a MASP-2 inhibitory agent in a pharmaceutical carrier to a subject suffering from an endocrine disorder. Conditions subject to treatment in accordance with the present invention include, by way of nonlimiting example, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, stress, anxiety and other potential hormonal disorders involving regulated release of prolactin, growth or insulin-like growth factor, and adrenocorticotropin from the pituitary. The MAS-2 inhibitory agent may be administered to the subject systemically, such as by intra-arterial, intravenous, intramuscular, inhalational, nasal, subcutaneous or other parenteral administration, or potentially by oral administration for non-peptidergic agents. The MASP-2 inhibitory agent composition may be combined with one or more additional therapeutic agents.

Administration may be repeated as determined by a physician until the condition has been resolved.

OPHTHALMOLOGIC CONDITIONS

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a blinding disease that afflicts millions of adults, yet the sequelae of biochemical, cellular, and/or molecular events leading to the development of AMD are poorly understood. AMD results in the progressive destruction of the macula which has been correlated with the formation of extracellular deposits called drusen located in and around the macula, behind the retina and between the retina pigment epithelium (RPE) and the choroid. Recent studies have

-672016204452 28 Jun 2016 revealed that proteins associated with inflammation and immune-mediated processes are prevalent among drusen-associated constituents. Transcripts that encode a number of these molecules have been detected in retinal, RPE, and choroidal cells. These data also demonstrate that dendritic cells, which are potent antigen-presenting cells, are intimately associated with drusen development, and that complement activation is a key pathway that is active both within drusen and along the RPE-choroid interface (Hageman, G.S., et al., Prog. Retin. Eye Res., 20:705-732, 2001).

Several independent studies have shown a strong association between AMD and a genetic polymorphism in the gene for complement factor H (CFH) in which the likelihood of AMD is increased by a factor of 7.4 in individuals homozygous for the risk allele (Klein, R.J. et al., Science, 308:362-364, 2005; Haines et al., Science 308:362-364. 2005; Edwards et al., Science 308:263-264, 2005). The CFH gene has been mapped to chromosome lq31 a region that had been implicated in AMD by six independent linkage scans (see, e.g., D.W. Schultz et al., Hum. Mol. Genet. 12:3315, 2003). CFH is known to be a key regulator of the complement system. It has been shown that CFH on cells and in circulation regulates complement activity by inhibiting the activation of C3 to C3a and C3b, and by inactivating existing C3b. Deposition of C5b-9 has been observed in Brusch's membrane, the intercapillary pillars and within drusen in patients with AMD (Klein et al.). Immunofluorescence experiments suggest that in AMD, the polymorphism of CFH may give rise to complement deposition in chorodial capillaries and chorodial vessels (Klein et al.).

The membrane-associated complement inhibitor, complement receptor 1, is also localized in drusen, but it is not detected in RPE cells immunohistochemically. In contrast, a second membrane-associated complement inhibitor, membrane cofactor protein, is present in drusen-associated RPE cells, as well as in small, spherical substructural elements within drusen. These previously unidentified elements also show strong immunoreactivity for proteolytic fragments of complement component C3 that are characteristically deposited at sites of complement activation. It is proposed that these structures represent residual debris from degenerating RPE cells that are the targets of complement attack (Johnson, L.V., et al., Exp. Eye Res. 73:887-896,2001).

An aspect of the invention thus provides a method for inhibiting MASP-2dependent complement activation to treat age-related macular degeneration or other complement mediated ophthalmologic condition by administering a composition

-682016204452 28 Jun 2016 comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a MASP-2 inhibitory agent in a pharmaceutical carrier to a subject suffering from such a condition or other complementmediated ophthalmologic condition. The MASP-2 inhibitory composition may be administered locally to the eye, such as by irrigation or application of the composition in the form of a gel, salve or drops. Alternately, the MASP-2 inhibitory agent may be administered to the subject systemically, such as by intra-arterial, intravenous, intramuscular, inhalational, nasal, subcutaneous or other parenteral administration, or potentially by oral administration for non-peptidergic agents. The MASP-2 inhibitory agent composition may be combined with one or more additional therapeutic agents, such as are disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2004-0072809-A1. Administration may be repeated as determined by a physician until the condition has been resolved or is controlled.

IV. MASP-2 INHIBITORY AGENTS

In one aspect,, the present invention provides methods of inhibiting the adverse effects of MASP-2-dependent complement activation. MASP-2 inhibitory agents are administered in an amount effective to inhibit MASP-2-dependent complement activation in a living subject. In the practice of this aspect of the invention, representative MASP-2 inhibitory agents include: molecules that inhibit the biological activity of MASP-2 (such as small molecule inhibitors, anti-MASP-2 antibodies or blocking peptides which interact with MASP-2 or interfere with a protein-protein interaction), and molecules that decrease the expression of MASP-2 (such as MASP-2 antisense nucleic acid molecules, MASP-2 specific RNAi molecules and MASP-2 ribozymes), thereby preventing MASP-2 from activating the alternative complement pathways. The MASP-2 inhibitory agents can be used alone as a primary therapy or in combination with other therapeutics as an adjuvant · therapy to enhance the therapeutic benefits of other medical treatments.

The inhibition of MASP-2-dependent complement activation is characterized by at least one of the following changes in a component of the complement system that - occurs as a result of administration of a MASP-2 inhibitory agent in accordance with the methods of the invention: the inhibition of the generation or production of MASP-230 dependent complement activation system products C4b, C3a, C5a and/or C5b-9 (MAC) (measured, for example, as described in Example 2), the reduction of alternative complement activation assessed in a hemolytic assay using unsensitized rabbit or guinea pig red blood cells , the reduction of C4 cleavage and C4b deposition (measured, for

-692016204452 28 Jun 2016 example as described in Example 2), or the reduction of C3 cleavage and C3b deposition (measured, for example, as described in Example 2).

According to the present invention, MASP-2 inhibitory agents are utilized that are effective in inhibiting the MASP-2-dependent complement activation system. MASP-2 inhibitory agents useful in the practice of this aspect of the invention include, for example, anti-MASP-2 antibodies and fragments thereof, MASP-2 inhibitory peptides, small molecules, MASP-2 soluble receptors and expression inhibitors. MASP-2 inhibitory agents may inhibit the MASP-2-dependent complement activation system by blocking the biological function of MASP-2. For example, an inhibitory agent may effectively block MASP-2 protein-to-protein interactions, interfere with MASP-2 dimerization or assembly, block Ca2+ binding, interfere with the MASP-2 serine protease active site, or may reduce MASP-2 protein expression.

In some embodiments, the MASP-2 inhibitory agents selectively inhibit MASP-2 complement activation, leaving the Clq-dependent complement activation system functionally intact.

In one embodiment, a MASP-2 inhibitory agent useful in the methods of the invention is a specific MASP-2 inhibitory agent that spedifically binds to a polypeptide comprising SEQ ID NO:6 with an affinity of at least 10 times greater than to other antigens in the complement system. In another embodiment, a MASP-2 inhibitory agent specifically binds to a polypeptide comprising SEQ ID NO :6 with a binding affinity of at least 100 times greater than to other antigens in the complement system. The binding affinity of the MASP-2 inhibitory agent can be determined using a suitable binding assay.

The MASP-2 polypeptide exhibits a molecular structure similar to MASP-1, MASP-3, and Clr and Cis, the proteases of the Cl complement system. The cDNA molecule set forth in SEQ ID NO:4 encodes a representative example of MASP-2 (consisting of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:5) and provides the human MASP-2 polypeptide with a leader sequence (aa 1-15) that is cleaved after secretion, resulting in the mature form of human MASP-2 (SEQ ID NO:6). As shown in FIGURE 2, the human MASP 2 gene encompasses twelve exons. The human MASP-2 cDNA is encoded by exons B, C, D, F, G, Η, I, J, K AND L. An alternative splice results in a 20kDa protein termed MBL-associated protein 19 (MApl9) (SEQ ID NO:2), encoded by (SEQ ID NO:1) arising from exons B, C, D and E as shown in FIGURE 2. The cDNA molecule set forth in SEQ ID NO:50 encodes the murine MASP-2 (consisting

-702016204452 28 Jun 2016 of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:51) and provides the murine MASP-2 polypeptide with a leader sequence that is cleaved after secretion, resulting in the mature form of murine MASP-2 (SEQ ID NO:52). The cDNA molecule set forth in SEQ ID NO:53 encodes the rat MASP-2 (consisting of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ

ID NO:54) and provides the rat MASP-2 polypeptide with a leader sequence that is cleaved after secretion, resulting in the mature form of rat MASP-2 (SEQ ID NO:55).

Those skilled in the art will recognize that the sequences disclosed in SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:50 and SEQ ID NO:53 represent single alleles of human, murine and rat MASP-2 respectively, and that allelic variation and alternative splicing are expected to occur. Allelic variants of the nucleotide sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:50 and SEQ ID NO:53, including those containing silent mutations and those in which mutations result in amino acid sequence changes, are within the scope of the present invention. Allelic variants of the MASP-2 sequence can be cloned by probing cDNA or genomic libraries from different individuals according to standard procedures.

The domains of the human MASP-2 protein (SEQ ID NO :6) are shown in

FIGURE 3A and include an N-terminal Clr/Cls/sea urchin Vegf/bone morphogenic protein (CUBI) domain (aa 1-121 of SEQ ID NO:6), an epidermal growth factor-like domain (aa 122-166), a second CUBI domain (aa 167-293), as well as a tandem of complement control protein domains and a serine protease domain. Alternative splicing of the MASP 2 gene results in MApl 9 shown in FIGURE 3B. MApl9 is a nonenzymatic protein containing the N-terminal CUB1-EGF region of MASP-2 with four additional residues (EQSL) derived from exon E as shown in FIGURE 2.

Several proteins have been shown to bind to, or interact with MASP-2 through protein-to-protein interactions. For example, MASP-2 is known to bind to, and form

Ca2⁺ dependent complexes with, the lectin proteins MBL, H-ficolin and L-ficolin. Each MASP-2/lectin complex has been shown to activate complement through the MASP-2dependent cleavage of proteins C4 and C2 (Ikeda, K., etal., J. Biol. Chem. 262:74517454, 1987; Matsushita, M., etal., J. Exp. Med. 176:1497-2284, 2000; Matsushita, M., et al., J. Immunol. 168:3502-3506, 2002). Studies have shown that the CUB1-EGF domains of MASP-2 are essential for the association of MASP-2 with MBL (Thielens, N.M., etal., J. Immunol. 166:5068, 2001). It has also been shown that the CUB1EGFCUBII domains mediate dimerization of MASP-2, which is required for formation of an active MBL complex (Wallis, R., et al., J. Biol. Chem. 275:30962-30969,

-712016204452 28 Jun 2016

2000). Therefore, MASP-2 inhibitory agents can be identified that bind to or interfere with MASP-2 target regions known to be important for MASP-2-dependent complement activation.

ANTI-MASP-2 ANTIBODIES

In some embodiments of this aspect of the invention, the MASP-2 inhibitory agent comprises an anti-MASP-2 antibody that inhibits the MASP-2-dependent complement activation system. The anti-MASP-2 antibodies useful in this aspect of the invention include polyclonal, monoclonal or recombinant antibodies derived from any antibody producing mammal and may be multispecific, chimeric, humanized, anti10 idiotype, and antibody fragments. Antibody fragments include Fab, Fab', F(ab)2, F(ab')2, Fv fragments, scFv fragments and single-chain antibodies as further described herein.

Several anti-MASP-2 antibodies have been described in the literature, some of which are listed below in TABLE 1. These previously described anti-MASP-2 antibodies can be screened for the ability to inhibit the MASP-2-dependent complement activation system using the assays described herein. Once an anti-MASP-2 antibody is identified that functions as a MASP-2 inhibitory agent, it can be used to produce anti-idiotype antibodies and used to identify other MASP-2 binding molecules as further described below.

TABLE 1: MASP-2 SPECIFIC ANTIBODIES FROM THE LITERATURE

Antigen	Antibody Type	Reference
Recombinant MASP-2	Rat Polyclonal	Peterson, S.V., et al., Mol. Immunol. 37:803-811,2000
Recombinant human CCP1/2-SP fragment (MoAb 8B5)	Rat MoAb (subclass IgGl)	Moller-Kristensen, M., et al., J. of Immunol. Methods 282:159-167, 2003
Recombinant human MApl9 (MoAb 6G12) (cross reacts with MASP-2)	Rat MoAb (subclass ΐΗθη	Moller-Kristensen, M., et al., J. of Immunol. Methods 282:159-167, 2003

-722016204452 28 Jun 2016

Antigen	Antibody Type	Reference
MASP-2	Mouse MoAb	Peterson, S.V., et al., Mol. Immunol. 35:409

ANTI-MASP-2 ANTIBODIES WITH REDUCED EFFECTOR FUNCTION In some embodiments of this aspect of the invention, the anti-MASP-2 antibodies have reduced effector function in order to reduce inflammation that may arise from the activation of the classical complement pathway. The ability of IgG molecules to trigger the classical complement pathway has been shown to reside within the Fc portion of the molecule (Duncan, A.R., et al., Nature 332:738-740 1988). IgG molecules in which the Fc portion of the molecule has been removed by enzymatic cleavage are devoid of this effector function (see Harlow, Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor

Laboratory, New York, 1988). Accordingly, antibodies with reduced effector function can be generated as the result of lacking the Fc portion of the molecule by having a genetically engineered Fc sequence that minimizes effector function, or being of either the human IgG2 or IgGq isotype.

Antibodies with reduced effector function can be produced by standard molecular biological manipulation of the Fc portion of the IgG heavy chains as described in Example9 herein and also described in Jolliffe, etal., Int'l Rev. Immunol. 10:241-250, 11993, and Rodrigues, et al., J. Immunol. 151:6954-6961, 1998. Antibodies with reduced effector function also include human IgG2 and IgG4 isotypes that have a reduced ability to activate complement and/or interact with Fc receptors (Ravetch, J.V., et al., Annu. Rev.

Immunol. 9:457-492, 1991; Isaacs, J.D., et al., J. Immunol. 148:3062-3071, 1992; van de Winkel, J.G., etal., Immunol. Today 14:215-221, 1993). Humanized or frilly human antibodies specific to human MASP-2 comprised of IgG2 or IgG4 isotypes can be produced by one of several methods known to one of ordinary skilled in the art, as described in Vaughan, T.J., et al., Nature Biotechnical 16:535-539,1998.

PRODUCTION OF ANTI-MASP-2 ANTIBODIES

Anti-MASP-2 antibodies can be produced using MASP-2 polypeptides (e.g., full length MASP-2) or using antigenic MASP-2 epitope-bearing peptides (e.g., a portion of

-732016204452 28 Jun 2016 the MASP-2 polypeptide). Immunogenic peptides may be as small as five amino acid residues. For example, the MASP-2 polypeptide including the entire amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:6 may be used to induce anti-MASP-2 antibodies useful in the method of the invention. Particular MASP-2 domains known to be involved in protein5 protein interactions, such as the CUBI, and CUBIEGF domains, as well as the region encompassing the serine-protease active site, may be expressed as recombinant polypeptides as described in Example 5 and used as antigens. In addition, peptides comprising a portion of at least 6 amino acids of the MASP-2 polypeptide (SEQ ID NO:6) are also useful to induce MASP-2 antibodies. Additional examples of MASP-2 derived antigens useful to induce MASP-2 antibodies are provided below in TABLE 2. The MASP-2 peptides and polypeptides used to raise antibodies may be isolated as natural polypeptides, or recombinant or synthetic peptides and catalytically inactive recombinant polypeptides, such as MASP-2A, as further described in Examples 5-7. In some embodiments of this aspect of the invention, anti-MASP-2 antibodies are obtained using a transgenic mouse strain as described in Examples 8 and 9 and further described below.

Antigens useful for producing anti-MASP-2 antibodies also include fusion polypeptides, such as fusions of MASP-2 or a portion thereof with an immunoglobulin polypeptide or with maltose-binding protein. The polypeptide immunogen may be a full20 length molecule or a portion thereof. If the polypeptide portion is hapten-like, such portion may be advantageously joined or linked to a macromolecular carrier (such as keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), bovine serum albumin (BSA) or tetanus toxoid) for immunization.

TABLE 2: MASP-2 DERIVED ANTIGENS

SEQ ID NO:	Amino Acid Sequence
SEQ ID NO:6	Human MASP-2 protein
SEQIDNO:51	Murine MASP-2 protein
SEQ ID NO:8	CUBI domain of human MASP-2 (aa 1-121 of SEQ ID NO:6)
SEQ ID NO:9	CUBIEGF domains of human MASP-2

-742016204452 28 Jun 2016

SEQ ID NO:	Amino Acid Sequence
	(aa 1-166 ofSEQIDNO:6)
SEQIDNOzlO	CUBIEGFCUBII domains of human MASP-2 (aa 1-293 ofSEQIDNO:6)
SEQ ID NO: 11	EGF domain of human MASP-2 (aa 122-166 of SEQ ID NO:6)
SEQ ID NO: 12	Serine-Protease domain of human MASP-2 (aa 429-671 of SEQ ID NO:6)
SEQ ID NO: 13 GKDSCRGDAGGALVFL	Serine-Protease inactivated mutant form (aa 610-625 of SEQ ID NO:6 with mutated Ser 618)
SEQ ID NO: 14 TPLGPKWPEPVFGRL	Human CUBI peptide
SEQ ID NO: 15: TAPPGYRLRLYFTHFDLEL SHLCEYDFVKLSSGAKVL ATLCGQ	Human CUBI peptide
SEQ ID NO: 16: TFRSDYSN	MBL binding region in human CUBI domain
SEQ ID NO: 17: FYSLGSSLDITFRSDYSNEKP FTGF	MBL binding region in human CUBI domain
SEQ ID NO: 18 IDECQVAPG	EGF peptide
SEQ ID NO: 19 ANMLCAGLESGGKDSCR GDSGGALV	Peptide from serine-protease active site

-752016204452 28 Jun 2016

POLYCLONAL ANTIBODIES

Polyclonal antibodies against MASP-2 can be prepared by immunizing an animal with MASP-2 polypeptide or an immunogenic portion thereof using methods well known to those of ordinary skill in the art. See, for example, Green, etal., Production of Polyclonal Antisera, in Immunochemical Protocols (Manson, ed.), page 105, and as further described in Example 6. The immunogenicity of a MASP-2 polypeptide can be increased through the use of an adjuvant, including mineral gels, such as aluminum hydroxide or Freund's adjuvant (complete or incomplete), surface active substances such as lysolecithin, pluronic polyols, polyanions, oil emulsions, keyhole limpet hemocyanin and dinitrophenol. Polyclonal antibodies are typically raised in animals such as horses, cows, dogs, chicken, rats, mice, rabbits, guinea pigs, goats, or sheep. Alternatively, an anti-MASP-2 antibody useful in the present invention may also be derived from a subhuman primate. General techniques for raising diagnostically and therapeutically useful antibodies in baboons may be found, for example, in Goldenberg etal., International Patent Publication No. WO91/11465, and in Losman, M.J., etal., Int. J. Cancer 46:310, 1990. Sera containing immunologically active antibodies are then produced from the blood of such immunized animals using standard procedures well known in the art.

MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES

In some embodiments, the MASP-2 inhibitory agent is an anti-MASP-2 monoclonal antibody. Anti-MASP-2 monoclonal antibodies are highly specific, being directed against a single MASP-2 epitope. As used herein, the modifier monoclonal indicates the character of the antibody as being obtained from a substantially homogenous population of antibodies, and is not to be construed as requiring production of the antibody by any particular method. Monoclonal antibodies can be obtained using any technique that provides for the production of antibody molecules by continuous cell lines in culture, such as the hybridoma method described by Kohler, G., et al., Nature 256:495, 1975, or they may be made by recombinant DNA methods (see, e.g., U.S. Patent

No. 4,816,567 to Cabilly). Monoclonal antibodies may also be isolated from phage antibody libraries using the techniques described in Clackson, T., et al., Nature 352:624628, 1991, and Marks, J.D., et al., J. Mol. Biol. 222:581-597, 1991. Such antibodies can

-762016204452 28 Jun 2016 be of any immunoglobulin class including IgG, IgM, IgE, IgA, IgD and any subclass thereof.

For example, monoclonal antibodies can be obtained by injecting a suitable mammal (e.g., a BALB/c mouse) with a composition comprising a MASP-2 polypeptide or portion thereof. After a predetermined period of time, splenocytes are removed from the mouse and suspended in a cell culture medium. The splenocytes are then fused with an immortal cell line to form a hybridoma. The formed hybridomas are grown in cell culture and screened for their ability to produce a monoclonal antibody against MASP-2. An example further describing the production of anti-MASP-2 monoclonal antibodies is provided in Example 7. (See also Current Protocols in Immunology, Vol. 1., John Wiley & Sons, pages 2.5.1-2.6.7,1991.)

Human monoclonal antibodies may be obtained through the use of transgenic mice that have been engineered to produce specific human antibodies in response to antigenic challenge. In this technique, elements of the human immunoglobulin heavy and light chain locus are introduced into strains of mice derived from embryonic stem cell lines that contain targeted disruptions of the endogenous immunoglobulin heavy chain and light chain loci. The transgenic mice can synthesize human antibodies specific for human antigens, such as the MASP-2 antigens described herein, and the mice can be used to produce human MASP-2 antibody-secreting hybridomas by fusing B-cells from such animals to suitable myeloma cell lines using conventional Kohler-Milstein technology as further described in Example 7. Transgenic mice with a human immunoglobulin genome are commercially available (e.g., from Abgenix, Inc., Fremont, CA, and Medarex, Inc., Annandale, N.J.). Methods for obtaining human antibodies from transgenic mice are described, for example, by Green, L.L., etal., Nature Genet. 7:13, 1994; Lonberg, N., et al., Nature 368:856,1994; and Taylor, L.D., et al., Int. Immun. 6:579,1994.

Monoclonal antibodies can be isolated and purified from hybridoma cultures by a variety of well-established techniques. Such isolation techniques include affinity chromatography with Protein-A Sepharose, size-exclusion chromatography, and ionexchange chromatography (see, for example, Coligan at pages 2.7.1-2.7.12 and pages

2.9.1-2.9.3; Baines etal., Purification of ImmunoglobulinG (IgG), in Methods in

Molecular Biology, The Humana Press, Inc., Vol. 10, pages 79-104,1992).

Once produced, polyclonal, monoclonal or phage-derived antibodies are first tested for specific MASP-2 binding. A variety of assays known to those skilled in the art

-772016204452 28 Jun 2016 may be utilized to detect antibodies which specifically bind to MASP-2. Exemplary assays include Western blot or immunoprecipitation analysis by standard methods (e.g., as described in Ausubel et al.), Immunoelectrophoresis, enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assays, dot blots, inhibition or competition assays and sandwich assays (as described in

Harlow and Land, Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1988). Once antibodies are identified that specifically bind to MASP-2, the antiMASP-2 antibodies are tested for the ability to function as a MASP-2 inhibitory agent in one of several assays such as, for example, a lectin-specific C4 cleavage assay (described in Example 2), a C3b deposition assay (described in Example 2) or a C4b deposition assay (described in Example 2).

The affinity of anti-MASP-2 monoclonal antibodies can be readily determined by one of ordinary skill in the art (see, e.g., Scatchard, A., NY Acad. Sci. 51:660-672, 1949). In one embodiment, the anti-MASP-2 monoclonal antibodies useful for the methods of the invention bind to MASP-2 with a binding affinity of <100 nM, preferably <10 nM and most preferably <2 nM.

CHIMERIC/HUMANIZED ANTIBODIES

Monoclonal antibodies useful in the method of the invention include chimeric antibodies in which a portion of the heavy and/or light chain is identical with or homologous to corresponding sequences in antibodies derived from a particular species or belonging to a particular antibody class or subclass, while the remainder of the chain(s)

I is identical with or homologous to corresponding sequences in antibodies derived from another species or belonging to another antibody class or subclass, as well as fragments of such antibodies (U.S. Patent No. 4,816,567 to Cabilly, and Morrison, S.L., et al., Proc. Nat'lAcad. Sci. USA 81:6851-6855, 1984).

One form of a chimeric antibody useful in the invention is a humanized monoclonal anti-MASP-2 antibody. Humanized forms of non-human (e.g., murine) antibodies are chimeric antibodies, which contain minimal sequence derived from nonhuman immunoglobulin. Humanized monoclonal antibodies are produced by transferring the non-human (e.g., mouse) complementarity determining regions (CDR), from the heavy and light variable chains of the mouse immunoglobulin into a human variable domain. Typically, residues of human antibodies are then substituted in the framework regions of the non-human counterparts. Furthermore, humanized antibodies may comprise residues that are not found in the recipient antibody or in the donor antibody.

-782016204452 28 Jun 2016

These modifications are made to further refine antibody performance. In general, the humanized antibody will comprise substantially all of at least one, and typically two variable domains, in which all or substantially all of the hypervariable loops correspond to those of a non-human immunoglobulin and all or substantially all of the Fv framework regions are those of a human immunoglobulin sequence. The humanized antibody optionally also will comprise at least a portion of an immunoglobulin constant region (Fc), typically that of a human immunoglobulin. For further details, see Jones, P.T., etal., Nature 321:522-525, 1986; Reichmann, L., etal., Nature 332:323-329, 1988; and Presta, Curr. Op. Struct. Biol. 2:593-596,1992.

The humanized antibodies useful in the invention include human monoclonal antibodies including at least a MASP-2 binding CDR3 region. In addition, the Fc portions may be replaced so as to produce IgA or IgM as well as human IgG antibodies. Such humanized antibodies will have particular clinical utility because they will specifically recognize human MASP-2 but will not evoke an immune response in humans against the antibody itself. Consequently, they are better suited for in vivo administration in humans, especially when repeated or long-term administration is necessary.

An example of the generation of a humanized anti-MASP-2 antibody from a murine anti-MASP-2 monoclonal antibody is provided herein in Example 10. Techniques for producing humanized monoclonal antibodies are also described, for example, by Jones, P.T., et al., Nature 321:522, 1986; Carter, P., et al., Proc. Nat'l. Acad. Sci. USA 89:4285, 1992; Sandhu, J.S., Crit. Rev. Biotech. 12:437, 1992; Singer, I.I., et al., J. Immun. 150:2844, 1993; Sudhir (ed.), Antibody Engineering Protocols, Humana Press, Inc., 1995; Kelley, Engineering Therapeutic Antibodies, in Protein Engineering: Principles and Practice, Cleland et al. (eds.), John Wiley & Sons, Inc., pages 399-434,

1996; and by U.S. Patent No. 5,693,762 to Queen, 1997. In addition, there are commercial entities that will synthesize humanized antibodies from specific murine antibody regions, such as Protein Design Labs (Mountain View, CA).

RECOMBINANT ANTIBODIES

Anti-MASP-2 antibodies can also he made using recombinant methods. For example, human antibodies can be made using human immunoglobulin expression libraries (available for example, from Stratagene, Corp., La Jolla, CA) to produce fragments of human antibodies (Vjj, Vl, Fv, Fd, Fab or F(ab')2). These fragments are

-792016204452 28 Jun 2016 then used to construct whole human antibodies using techniques similar to those for producing chimeric antibodies.

ANTI-IDIOTYPE ANTIBODIES

Once anti-MASP-2 antibodies are identified with the desired inhibitory activity, 5 these_antibodies can be used to generate anti-idiotype antibodies that resemble a portion of MASP-2 using techniques that are well known in the art. See, e.g., Greenspan, N.S., etal., FASEBJ. 7:437, 1993. For example, antibodies that bind to MASP-2 and competitively inhibit a MASP-2 protein interaction required for complement activation can be used to generate anti-idiotypes that resemble the MBL binding site on MASP-2 protein and therefore bind and neutralize a binding ligand of MASP-2 such as, for example, MBL.

IMMUNOGLOBULIN FRAGMENTS

The MASP-2 inhibitory agents useful in the method of the invention encompass not only intact immunoglobulin molecules but also the well known fragments including

Fab, Fab', F(ab)2, F(ab')2 and Fv fragments, scFv fragments, diabodies, linear antibodies, single-chain antibody molecules and multispecific antibodies formed from antibody fragments.

It is well known in the art that only a small portion of an antibody molecule, the paratope, is involved in the binding of the antibody to its epitope (see, e.g., Clark, W.R.,

The Experimental Foundations of Modem Immunology, Wiley & Sons, Inc., NY, 1986).

The pFc' and Fc regions of the antibody are effectors of the classical complement pathway, but are not involved in antigen binding. An antibody from which the pFc' region has been enzymatically cleaved, or which has been produced without the pFc' region, is designated an F(ab')2 fragment and retains both of the antigen binding sites of an intact antibody. An isolated F(ab')2 fragment is referred to as a bivalent monoclonal fragment because of its two antigen binding sites. Similarly, an antibody from which the Fc region has been enzymatically cleaved, or which has been produced without the Fc region, is designated a Fab fragment, and retains one of the antigen binding sites of an intact antibody molecule.

Antibody fragments can be obtained by proteolytic hydrolysis, such as by pepsin or papain digestion of whole antibodies by conventional methods. For example, antibody fragments can be produced by enzymatic cleavage of antibodies with pepsin to provide a 5S fragment denoted F(ab')2· This fragment can be further cleaved using a thiol reducing

-802016204452 28 Jun 2016 agent to produce 3.5S Fab' monovalent fragments. Optionally, the cleavage reaction can be performed using a blocking group for the sulfhydryl groups that result from cleavage of disulfide linkages. As an alternative, an enzymatic cleavage using pepsin produces two monovalent Fab fragments and an Fc fragment directly. These methods are described, for example, U.S. Patent No. 4,331,647 to Goldenberg; Nisonoff, A., et al., Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 89:230, 1960; Porter, R.R., Biochem. J. 73:119, 1959; Edelman, et al., in Methods in Enzymology, 1:422, Academic Press, 1967; and by Coligan at pages 2.8.1-2.8.10 and 2.10.-2.10.4.

In some embodiments, the use of antibody fragments lacking the Fc region are 10 preferred to avoid activation of the classical complement pathway which is initiated upon binding Fc to the Fey receptor. There are several methods by which one can produce a MoAb that avoids Fey receptor interactions. For example, the Fc region of a monoclonal antibody can be removed chemically using partial digestion by proteolytic enzymes (such as ficin digestion), thereby generating, for example, antigen-binding antibody fragments such as Fab or F(ab)2 fragments (Mariani, M., etal., Mol. Immunol. 28:69-71, 1991). Alternatively, the human y4 IgG isotype, which does not bind Fey receptors, can be used during construction of a humanized antibody as described herein. Antibodies, single chain antibodies and antigen-binding domains that lack the Fc domain can also be engineered using recombinant techniques described herein.

SINGLE-CHAIN ANTIBODY FRAGMENTS

Alternatively, one can create single peptide chain binding molecules specific for

MASP-2 in which the heavy and light chain Fv regions are connected. The Fv fragments may be connected by a peptide linker to form a single-chain antigen binding protein (scFv). These single-chain antigen binding proteins are prepared by constructing a structural gene comprising DNA sequences encoding the Vh and Vl domains which are connected by an oligonucleotide. The structural gene is inserted into an expression vector, which is subsequently introduced into a host cell, such as E. coli. The recombinant host cells synthesize a single polypeptide chain with a linker peptide bridging the two V domains. Methods for producing scFvs are described for example, by

Whitlow, et al., Methods: A Companion to Methods in Enzymology 2:97, 1991; Bird, etal., Science 242:423, 1988; U.S. Patent No. 4,946,778 to Ladner; Pack, P., etal., Bio/Technology 11:1271,1993.

-812016204452 28 Jun 2016

As an illustrative example, a MASP-2 specific scFv can be obtained by exposing lymphocytes to MASP-2 polypeptide in vitro and selecting antibody display libraries in phage or similar vectors (for example, through the use of immobilized or labeled MASP-2 protein or peptide). Genes encoding polypeptides having potential MASP-2 polypeptide binding domains can be obtained by screening random peptide libraries displayed on phage or on bacteria such as E. coli. These random peptide display libraries can be used to screen for peptides which interact with MASP-2. Techniques for creating and screening such random peptide display libraries are well known in the art (U.S. Patent No. 5,223,409 to Lardner; U.S. Patent No. 4,946,778 to Ladner; U.S. Patent

No. 5,403,484 to Lardner; U.S. Patent No. 5,571,698 to Lardner; and Kay et al., Phage Display of Peptides and Proteins Academic Press, Inc., 1996) and random peptide display libraries and kits for screening such libraries are available commercially, for instance from CLONTECH Laboratories, Inc. (Palo Alto, Calif.), Invitrogen Inc. (San Diego, Calif.), New England Biolabs, Inc. (Beverly, Mass.), and Pharmacia LKB

Biotechnology Inc. (Piscataway, N.J.).

t

Another form of an anti-MASP-2 antibody fragment useful in this aspect of the invention is a peptide coding for a single complementarity-determining region (CDR) that binds to an epitope on a MASP-2 antigen and inhibits MASP-2-dependent complement activation. CDR peptides (minimal recognition units) can be obtained by constructing genes encoding the CDR of an antibody of interest. Such genes are prepared, for example, by using the polymerase chain reaction to synthesize the variable region from RNA of antibody-producing cells (see, for example, Larrick etal., Methods: A Companion to Methods in Enzymology 2:106, 1991; Courtenay-Luck, Genetic Manipulation of Monoclonal Antibodies, in Monoclonal Antibodies: Production,

Engineering and Clinical Application, Ritter etal. (eds.), page 166, Cambridge University Press, 1995; and Ward etal., Genetic Manipulation and Expression of Antibodies, in Monoclonal Antibodies: Principles and Applications, Birch et al. (eds.), page 137, Wiley-Liss, Inc., 1995).

The MASP-2 antibodies described herein are administered to a subject in need thereof to inhibit MASP-2-dependent complement activation. In some embodiments, the

MASP-2 inhibitory agent is a high-affinity human or humanized monoclonal antiMASP-2 antibody with reduced effector function.

-822016204452 28 Jun 2016

PEPTIDE INHIBITORS

In some embodiments of this aspect of the invention, the MASP-2 inhibitory agent comprises isolated MASP-2 peptide inhibitors, including isolated natural peptide inhibitors and synthetic peptide inhibitors that inhibit the MASP-2-dependent complement activation system. As used herein, the term isolated MASP-2 peptide inhibitors refers to peptides that bind to or interact with MASP-2 and inhibit MASP-2dependent complement activation that are substantially pure and are essentially free of other substances with which they may be found in nature to an extent practical and appropriate for their intended use.

Peptide inhibitors have been used successfully in vivo to interfere with proteinprotein interactions and catalytic sites. For example, peptide inhibitors to adhesion molecules structurally related to LFA-1 have recently been approved for clinical use in coagulopathies (Ohman, E.M., etal., European Heart J. 16:50-55, 1995). Short linear peptides (<30 amino acids) have been described that prevent or interfere with integrin15 dependent adhesion (Murayama, 0., etal., J. Biochem. 120:445-51, 1996). Longer peptides, ranging in length from 25 to 200 amino acid residues, have also been used successfully to block integrin-dependent adhesion (Zhang, L., etal., J. Biol. Chem. 271(47):29953-57, 1996). In general, longer peptide inhibitors have higher affinities and/or slower off-rates than short peptides and may therefore be more potent inhibitors.

Cyclic peptide inhibitors have also been shown to be effective inhibitors of integrins in vivo for the treatment of human inflammatory disease (Jackson, D.Y., et al., J. Med. Chem. 40:3359-68, 1997). One method of producing cyclic peptides involves the synthesis of peptides in which the terminal amino acids of the peptide are cysteines, thereby allowing the peptide to exist in a cyclic form by disulfide bonding between the terminal amino acids, which has been shown to improve affinity and half-life in vivo for the treatment of hematopoietic neoplasms (e.g., U.S. Patent No. 6,649,592 to Larson).

SYNTHETIC MASP-2 PEPTIDE INHIBITORS

MASP-2 inhibitory peptides useful in the methods of this aspect of the invention are exemplified by amino acid sequences that mimic the target regions important for

MASP-2 function. The inhibitory peptides useful in the practice of the methods of the invention range in size from about 5 amino acids to about 300 amino acids. TABLE 3 provides a list of exemplary inhibitory peptides that may be useful in the practice of this aspect of the present invention. A candidate MASP-2 inhibitory peptide may be tested

-832016204452 28 Jun 2016 for the ability to function as a MASP-2 inhibitory agent in one of several assays including, for example, a lectin specific C4 cleavage assay (described in Example 2), and a C3b deposition assay (described in Example 2).

In some embodiments, the MASP-2 inhibitory peptides are derived from MASP-2 5 polypeptides and are selected from the full length mature MASP-2 protein (SEQ ID NO :6), or from a particular domain of the MASP-2 protein such as, for example, the CUBI domain (SEQ ID NO:8), the CUBIEGF domain (SEQ ID NO:9), the EGF domain (SEQ ID NO:11), and the serine protease domain (SEQ ID NO:12). As previously described, the CUBEGFCUBII regions have been shown to be required for dimerization and binding with MBL (Thielens etal., supra). In particular, the peptide sequence TFRSDYN (SEQ ID NO: 16) in the CUBI domain of MASP-2 has been shown to be involved in binding to MBL in a study that identified a human carrying a homozygous mutation at Aspl05 to Glyl05, resulting in the loss of MASP-2 from the MBL complex (Stengaard-Pedersen, K., et al., New England J. Med. 349:554-560, 2003). MASP-2 inhibitory peptides may also be derived from MAp 19 (SEQ ID NO:3).

In some embodiments, MASP-2 inhibitory peptides are derived from the lectin proteins that bind to MASP-2 and are involved in the lectin complement pathway. Several different lectins have been identified that are involved in this pathway, including mannan-binding lectin (MBL), L-ficolin, M-ficolin and H-ficolin. (Ikeda, K., et al., J.

Biol. Chem. 262:7451-7454, 1987; Matsushita, M., etal., J. Exp. Med. 176:1497-2284, 2000; Matsushita, M., et al., J. Immunol. 168:3502-3506,2002). These lectins are present in serum as oligomers of homotrimeric subunits, each having N-terminal collagen-like fibers with carbohydrate recognition domains. These different lectins have been shown to bind to MASP-2, and the lectin/MASP-2 complex activates complement through cleavage of proteins C4 and C2. H-ficolin has an amino-terminal region of 24 amino acids, a collagen-like domain with 11 Gly-Xaa-Yaa repeats, a neck domain of 12 amino acids, and a fibrinogen-like domain of 207 amino acids (Matsushita, M., et al., J. Immunol. 168:3502-3506, 2002). H-ficolin binds to GlcNAc and agglutinates human erythrocytes coated with LPS derived from S. typhimurium, S. minnesota and E. coli.

H-ficolin has been shown to be associated with MASP-2 and MAp 19 and activates the lectin pathway. Id. L-ficolin/P35 also binds to GlcNAc and has been shown to be associated with MASP-2 and MAp 19 in human serum and this complex has been shown to activate the lectin pathway (Matsushita, M., etal., J. Immunol. 164:2281, 2000).

-842016204452 28 Jun 2016

Accordingly, MASP-2 inhibitory peptides useful in the present invention may comprise a region of at least 5 amino acids selected from the MBL protein (SEQ ID NO:21), the H-ficolin protein (Genbank accession number NM_173452), the M-ficolin protein (Genbank accession number 000602)and the L-ficolin protein (Genbank accession number NM_015838).

More specifically, scientists have identified the MASP-2 binding site on MBL to be within the 12 Gly-X-Y triplets GKD GRD GTK GEK GEP GQG LRG LQG POG KLG POG NOG PSG SOG PKG QKG DOG KS (SEQ ID NO:26) that lie between the hinge and the neck in the C-terminal portion of the collagen-like domain of MBP (Wallis,

R., etal., J. Biol. Chem. 279:14065, 2004). This MASP-2 binding site region is also highly conserved in human H-ficolin and human L-ficolin. A consensus binding site has been described that is present in all three lectin proteins comprising the amino acid sequence OGK-X-GP (SEQ ID NO:22) where the letter O represents hydroxyproline and the letter X is a hydrophobic residue (Wallis et al., 2004, supra). Accordingly, in some embodiments, MASP-2 inhibitory peptides useful in this aspect of the invention are at least 6 amino acids in length and comprise SEQ ID NO:22. Peptides derived from MBL that include the amino acid sequence GLR GLQ GPO GKL GPO G (SEQ ID NO:24) have been shown to bind MASP-2 in vitro (Wallis, et al., 2004, supra). To enhance binding to MASP-2, peptides can be synthesized that are flanked by two GPO triplets at each end (GPO GPO GLR GLQ GPO GKL GPO GGP OGP O SEQ ID NO:25) to enhance the formation of triple helices as found in the native MBL protein (as further described in Wallis, R., et al., J. Biol. Chem. 279:14065,2004).

MASP-2 inhibitory peptides may also be derived from human H-ficolin that include the sequence GAO GSO GEK GAO GPQ GPO GPO GKM GPK GEO GDO (SEQ ID NO:27) from the consensus MASP-2 binding region in H-ficolin. Also included are peptides derived from human L-ficolin that include the sequence GCO GLO GAO GDK GEA GTN GKR GER GPO GPO GKA GPO GPN GAO GEO (SEQ ID NO:28) from the consensus MASP-2 binding region in L-ficolin.

MASP-2 inhibitory peptides may also be derived from the C4 cleavage site such as LQRALEILPNRVTIKANRPFLVFI (SEQ ID NO:29) which is the C4 cleavage site linked to the C-terminal portion of antithrombin III (Glover, G.I., et al., Mol. Immunol. 25:1261 (1988)).

-852016204452 28 Jun 2016

TABLE 3: EXEMPLARY MASP-2 INHIBITORY PEPTIDES

SEQ ID NO	Source
SEQ ID NO:6	Human MASP-2 protein
SEQIDNO-.8	CUBI domain of MASP-2 (aa 1-121 of SEQ ID NO:6)
SEQIDNO:9	CUBIEGF domains of MASP-2 (aa 1-166 of SEQ ID NO:6)
SEQ ID NO: 10	CUBIEGFCUBII domains of MASP-2 (aa 1-293 ofSEQIDNO:6)
SEQ ID NO: 11	EGF domain of MASP-2 (aa 122-166)
SEQ ID NO: 12	Serine-protease domain of MASP-2 (aa 429-671)
SEQ ID NO: 16	MBL binding region in MASP-2
SEQIDNO:3	Human MAp 19
SEQIDNO:21	Human MBL protein
SEQ ID NO:22 OGK-X-GP, Where 0 = hydroxyproline and X is a hydrophobic amino acid residue	Synthetic peptide Consensus binding site from Human MBL and Human ficolins
SEQ ID NO:23 OGKLG	Human MBL core binding site
SEQ ID NO:24 GLR GLQ GPO GKL GPOG	Human MBP Triplets 6-10- demonstrated binding to MASP-2
SEQ ID NO:25	Human MBP Triplets with GPO added to enhance

-862016204452 28 Jun 2016

SEQ ID NO	Source
GPOGPOGLRGLQGPO GKLGPOGGPOGPO	formation of triple helices
SEQ ID NO:26 GKDGRDGTKGEKGEP GQGLRGLQGPOGKLG POGNOGPSGSOGPKG QKGDOGKS	Human MBP Triplets 1-17
SEQ ID NO:27 GAOGSOGEKGAOGPQ GPOGPOGKMGPKGEO GDO	Human H-Ficolin (Hataka)
SEQ ID NO:28 GCOGLOGAOGDKGE AGTNGKRGERGPOGP OGKAGPOGPNGAOGE 0	Human L-Ficolin P35
SEQ ID NO:29 LQRALEILPNRVTIKA NRPFLVFI	Human C4 cleavage site

Note: The letter O represents hydroxyproline. The letter X is a hydrophobic residue.

Peptides derived from the C4 cleavage site as well as other peptides that inhibit the MASP-2 serine protease site can be chemically modified so that they are irreversible protease inhibitors. For example, appropriate modifications may include, but are not necessarily limited to, halomethyl ketones (Br, Cl, I, F) at the C-terminus, Asp or Glu, or appended to functional side chains; haloacetyl (or other α-haloacetyl) groups on amino groups or other functional side chains; epoxide or imine-containing groups on the amino or carboxy termini or on functional side chains; or imidate esters on the amino or carboxy termini or on functional side chains. Such modifications would afford the advantage of

-872016204452 28 Jun 2016 permanently inhibiting the enzyme by covalent attachment of the peptide. This could result in lower effective doses and/or the need for less frequent administration of the peptide inhibitor.

In addition to the inhibitory peptides described above, MASP-2 inhibitory 5 peptides useful in the method of the invention include peptides containing the MASP-2binding CDR3 region of anti-MASP-2 MoAb obtained as described herein. The sequence of the CDR regions for use in synthesizing the peptides may be determined by methods known in the art. The heavy chain variable region is a peptide that generally ranges from 100 to 150 amino acids in length. The light chain variable region is a peptide that generally ranges from 80 to 130 amino acids in length. The CDR sequences within the heavy and light chain variable regions include only approximately 3-25 amino acid sequences that may be easily sequenced by one of ordinary skill in the art.

Those skilled in the art will recognize that substantially homologous variations of the MASP-2 inhibitory peptides described above will also exhibit MASP-2 inhibitory activity. Exemplary variations include, but are not necessarily limited to, peptides having insertions, deletions, replacements, and/or additional amino acids on the carboxyterminus or amino-terminus portions of the subject peptides and mixtures thereof. Accordingly, those homologous peptides having MASP-2 inhibitory activity are considered to be useful in the methods of this invention. The peptides described may also include duplicating motifs and other modifications with conservative substitutions. Conservative variants are described elsewhere herein, and include the exchange of an amino acid for another of like charge, size or hydrophobicity and the like.

MASP-2 inhibitory peptides may be modified to increase solubility and/or to maximize the positive or negative charge in order to more closely resemble the segment in the intact protein. The derivative may or may not have the exact primary amino acid structure of a peptide disclosed herein so long as the derivative functionally retains the desired property of MASP-2 inhibition. The modifications can include amino acid substitution with one of the commonly known twenty amino acids or with another amino acid, with a derivatized or substituted amino acid with ancillary desirable characteristics, such as resistance to enzymatic degradation or with a D-amino acid or substitution with another molecule or compound, such as a carbohydrate, which mimics the natural confirmation and function of the amino acid, amino acids or peptide; amino acid deletion; amino acid insertion with one of the commonly known twenty amino acids or with

-882016204452 28 Jun 2016 another amino acid, with a derivatized or substituted amino acid with ancillary desirable characteristics, such as resistance to enzymatic degradation or with a D-amino acid or substitution with another molecule or compound, such as a carbohydrate, which mimics the natural confirmation and function of the amino acid, amino acids or peptide; or substitution with another molecule or compound, such, as a carbohydrate or nucleic acid monomer, which mimics the natural conformation, charge distribution and function of the parent peptide. Peptides may also be modified by acetylation or amidation.

The synthesis of derivative inhibitory peptides can rely on known techniques of peptide biosynthesis, carbohydrate biosynthesis and the like. As a starting point, the artisan may rely on a suitable computer program to determine the conformation of a peptide of interest. Once the conformation of peptide disclosed herein is known, then the artisan can determine in a rational design fashion what sort of substitutions can be made at one or more sites to fashion a derivative that retains the basic conformation and charge distribution of the parent peptide but which may possess characteristics which are not present or are enhanced over those found in the parent peptide. Once candidate derivative molecules are identified, the derivatives can be tested to determine if they function as MASP-2 inhibitory agents using the assays described herein.

SCREENING FOR MASP-2 INHIBITORY PEPTIDES

One may also use molecular modeling and rational molecular design to generate and screen for peptides that mimic the molecular structures of key binding regions of MASP-2 and inhibit the complement activities of MASP-2. The molecular structures used for modeling include the CDR regions of anti-MASP-2 monoclonal antibodies, as well as the target regions known to be important for MASP-2 function including the region required for dimerization, the region involved in binding to MBL, and the serine protease active site as previously described. Methods for identifying peptides that bind to a particular target are well known in the art. For example, molecular imprinting may be used for the de novo construction of macromolecular structures such as peptides that bind to a particular molecule. See, for example, Shea, K.J., Molecular Imprinting of Synthetic Network Polymers: The DeNovo synthesis of Macromolecular Binding and

Catalytic Sties, TRIP 2(5), 1994.

As an illustrative example, one method of preparing mimics of MASP-2 binding peptides is as follows. Functional monomers of a known MASP-2 binding peptide or the binding region of an anti-MASP-2 antibody that exhibits MASP-2 inhibition (the

-892016204452 28 Jun 2016 template) are polymerized. The template is then removed, followed by polymerization of a second class of monomers in the void left by the template, to provide a new molecule that exhibits one or more desired properties that are similar to the template. In addition to preparing peptides in this manner, other MASP-2 binding molecules that are MASP-2 inhibitory agents such as polysaccharides, nucleosides, drugs, nucleoproteins, lipoproteins, carbohydrates, glycoproteins, steroid, lipids and other biologically active materials can also be prepared. This method is useful for designing a wide variety of biological mimics that are more stable than their natural counterparts because they are typically prepared by free radical polymerization of function monomers, resulting in a compound with a nonbiodegradable backbone.

PEPTIDE SYNTHESIS

The MASP-2 inhibitory peptides can be prepared using techniques well known in the art, such as the solid-phase synthetic technique initially described by Merrifield, in J.Amer. Chem. Soc. 85:2149-2154, 1963. Automated synthesis may be achieved, for example, using Applied Biosystems 431A Peptide Synthesizer (Foster City, Calif.) in accordance with the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Other techniques may be found, for example, in Bodanszky, M., etal., Peptide Synthesis, second edition, John Wiley & Sons, 1976, as well as in other reference works known to those skilled in the art.

The peptides can also be prepared using standard genetic engineering techniques known to those skilled in the art. For example, the peptide can be produced enzymatically by inserting nucleic acid encoding the peptide into an expression vector, expressing the DNA, and translating the DNA into the peptide in the presence of the required amino acids. The peptide is then purified using chromatographic or electrophoretic techniques, or by means of a carrier protein that can be fused to, and subsequently cleaved from, the peptide by inserting into the expression vector in phase with the peptide encoding sequence a nucleic acid sequence encoding the carrier protein. The fusion protein-peptide may be isolated using chromatographic, electrophoretic or immunological techniques (such as binding to a resin via an antibody to the carrier protein). The peptide can be cleaved using chemical methodology or enzymatically, as by, for example, hydrolases.

The MASP-2 inhibitory peptides that are useful in the method of the invention can also be produced in recombinant host cells following conventional techniques. To express a MASP-2 inhibitory peptide encoding sequence, a nucleic acid molecule encoding the

-902016204452 28 Jun 2016 peptide must be operably linked to regulatory sequences that control transcriptional expression in an expression vector and then introduced into a host cell. In addition to transcriptional regulatory sequences, such as promoters and enhancers, expression vectors can include translational regulatory sequences and a marker gene, which is suitable for selection of cells that carry the expression vector.

Nucleic acid molecules that encode a MASP-2 inhibitoiy peptide can be synthesized with gene machines using protocols such as the phosphoramidite method. If chemically synthesized double-stranded DNA is required for an application such as the synthesis of a gene or a gene fragment, then each complementary strand is made separately. The production of short genes (60 to 80 base pairs) is technically straightforward and can be accomplished by synthesizing the complementary strands and then annealing them. For the production of longer genes, synthetic genes (doublestranded) are assembled in modular form from single-stranded fragments that are from 20 to 100 nucleotides in length. For reviews on polynucleotide synthesis, see, for example,

Glick and Pasternak, Molecular Biotechnology, Principles and Applications of Recombinant DNA, ASM Press, 1994; Itakura, K., etal., Annu. Rev. Biochem. 53:323, 1984; and Climie, S., et al., Proc. Nat'l Acad. Sci. USA 87:633,1990.

SMALL MOLECULE INHIBITORS

In some embodiments, MASP-2 inhibitory agents are small molecule inhibitors including natural and synthetic substances that have a low molecular weight, such as for example, peptides, peptidomimetics and nonpeptide inhibitors (including oligonucleotides and organic compounds). Small molecule inhibitors of MASP-2 can be generated based on the molecular structure of the variable regions of the antiMASP-2 antibodies.

Small molecule inhibitors may also be designed and generated based on the

MASP-2 crystal structure using computational drug design (Kuntz I.D., et al., Science 257:1078, 1992). The crystal structure of rat MASP-2 has been described (Feinberg, H., et al., EMBOJ. 22:2348-2359, 2003). Using the method described by Kuntz et al., the MASP-2 crystal structure coordinates are used as an input for a computer program such as DOCK, which outputs a list of small molecule structures that are expected to bind to MASP-2. Use of such computer programs is well known to one of skill in the art. For example, the crystal structure of the HIV-1 protease inhibitor was used to identify unique nonpeptide ligands that are HIV-1 protease inhibitors by evaluating the fit of compounds

-912016204452 28 Jun 2016 found in the Cambridge Crystallographic database to the binding site of the enzyme using the program DOCK (Kuntz, I.D., et al., J. Mol. Biol. 161:269-288, 1982; DesJarlais, R.L., et al., PNAS 87:6644-6648, 1990).

The list of small molecule structures that are identified by a computational method 5 as potential MASP-2 inhibitors are screened using a MASP-2 binding assay such as described in Example 7. The small molecules that are found to bind to MASP-2 are then assayed in a functional assay such as described in Example 2 to determine if they inhibit

MASP-2-dependent complement activation.

MASP-2 SOLUBLE RECEPTORS

Other suitable MASP-2 inhibitory agents are believed to include MASP-2 soluble receptors, which may be produced using techniques known to those of ordinary skill in the art.

EXPRESSION INHIBITORS OF MASP-2

In another embodiment of this aspect of the invention, the MASP-2 inhibitory agent is a MASP-2 expression inhibitor capable of inhibiting MASP-2-dependent complement activation. In the practice of this aspect of the invention, representative MASP-2 expression inhibitors include MASP-2 antisense nucleic acid molecules (such as antisense mRNA, antisense DNA or antisense oligonucleotides), MASP-2 ribozymes and MASP-2 RNAi molecules.

Anti-sense RNA and DNA molecules act to directly block the translation of

MASP-2 mRNA by hybridizing to MASP-2 mRNA and preventing translation of MASP2 protein. An antisense nucleic acid molecule may be constructed in a number of different ways provided that it is capable of interfering with the expression of MASP-2. For example, an antisense nucleic acid molecule can be constructed by inverting the coding region (or a portion thereof) of MASP-2 cDNA (SEQ ID NO:4) relative to its normal orientation for transcription to allow for the transcription of its complement.

The antisense nucleic acid molecule is usually substantially identical to at least a portion of the target gene or genes. The nucleic acid, however, need not be perfectly identical to inhibit expression. Generally, higher homology can be used to compensate for the use of a shorter antisense nucleic acid molecule. The minimal percent identity is typically greater than about 65%, but a higher percent identity may exert a more effective repression of expression of the endogenous sequence. Substantially greater percent

-922016204452 28 Jun 2016 identity of more than about 80% typically is preferred, though about 95% to absolute identity is typically most preferred.

The antisense nucleic acid molecule need not have the same intron or exon pattern as the target gene, and non-coding segments of the target gene may be equally effective in achieving antisense suppression of target gene expression as coding segments. A DNA sequence of at least about 8 or so nucleotides may be used as the antisense nucleic acid molecule, although a longer sequence is preferable. In the present invention, a representative example of a useful inhibitory agent of MASP-2 is an antisense MASP-2 nucleic acid molecule which is at least ninety percent identical to the complement of the

MASP-2 cDNA consisting of the nucleic acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:4. The nucleic acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:4 encodes the MASP-2 protein consisting of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:5.

The targeting of antisense oligonucleotides to bind MASP-2 mRNA is another mechanism that may be used to reduce the level of MASP-2 protein synthesis. For example, the synthesis of polygalacturonase and the muscarine type 2 acetylcholine receptor are inhibited by antisense oligonucleotides directed to their respective mRNA sequences (U.S. Patent No. 5,739,119 to Cheng and U.S. Patent No. 5,759,829 to Shewmaker). Furthermore, examples of antisense inhibition have been demonstrated with the nuclear protein cyclin, the multiple drug resistance gene (MDG1), ICAM-1, E20 selectin, STK-1, striatal GABAa receptor and human EGF (see, e.g., U.S. Patent No. 5,801,154 to Baracchini; U.S. Patent No. 5,789,573 to Baker; U.S. Patent No. 5,718,709 to Considine; and U.S. Patent No. 5,610,288 to Reubenstein).

A system has been described that allows one of ordinary skill to determine which oligonucleotides are useful in the invention, which involves probing for suitable sites in the target mRNA using Rnase H cleavage as an indicator for accessibility of sequences within the transcripts. Scherr, M., et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 26:5079-5085, 1998; Lloyd, et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 29:3665-3673, 2001. A mixture of antisense oligonucleotides that are complementary to certain regions of the MASP-2 transcript is added to cell extracts expressing MASP-2, such as hepatocytes, and hybridized in order to create an

RNAseH vulnerable site. This method can be combined with computer-assisted sequence selection that can predict optimal sequence selection for antisense compositions based upon their relative ability to form dimers, hairpins or other secondary structures that would reduce or prohibit specific binding to the target mRNA in a host cell. These

-932016204452 28 Jun 2016 secondary structure analysis and target site selection considerations may be performed using the OLIGO primer analysis software (Rychlik, I., 1997) and the BLASTN 2.0.5 algorithm software (Altschul, S.F., etal., Nucl. Acids Res. 25:3389-3402, 1997). The antisense compounds directed towards the target sequence preferably comprise from about 8 to about 50 nucleotides in length. Antisense oligonucleotides comprising from about 9 to about 35 or so nucleotides are particularly preferred. The inventors contemplate all oligonucleotide compositions in the range of 9 to 35 nucleotides (i.e., those of 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34 or 35 or so bases in length) are highly preferred for the practice of antisense oligonucleotide-based methods of the invention. Highly preferred target regions of the MASP-2 mRNA are those that are at or near the AUG translation initiation codon, and those sequences that are substantially complementary to 5' regions of the mRNA, e.g., between the -10 and +10 regions of the MASP 2 gene nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO:4). Exemplary MASP-2 expression inhibitors are provided in TABLE 4.

TABLE 4 EXEMPLARY EXPRESSION	INHIBITORS OF MASP-2
SEQ ID NO:30 (nucleotides 22-680 of SEQ	Nucleic acid sequence of MASP-2 cDNA
ID NO:4)	(SEQ ID NO:4) encoding CUBIEGF
SEQIDNO:31	Nucleotides 12-45 of SEQ ID NO:4 including
5'CGGGCACACCATGAGGCTGCTGACC	the MASP-2 translation start site (sense)
CTCCTGGGC3
SEQ ID NO:32	Nucleotides 361-396 of SEQ ID NO:4
5'GACATTACCTTCCGCTCCGACTCCAA CGAGAAG3'	encoding a region comprising the MASP-2 MBL binding site (sense)
SEQIDNO:33	Nucleotides 610-642 of SEQ ID NO:4
5AGCAGCCCTGAATACCCACGGCCGT	encoding a region comprising the CUBII domain
ATCCCAAA3'

-942016204452 28 Jun 2016

As noted above, the term oligonucleotide as used herein refers to an oligomer or polymer of ribonucleic acid (RNA) or deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or mimetics thereof. This term also covers those oligonucleobases composed of naturally occurring nucleotides, sugars and covalent intemucleoside (backbone) linkages as well as oligonucleotides having non-naturally occurring modifications. These modifications allow one to introduce certain desirable properties that are not offered through naturally occurring oligonucleotides, such as reduced toxic properties, increased stability against nuclease degradation and enhanced cellular uptake. In illustrative embodiments, the antisense compounds of the invention differ from native DNA by the modification of the phosphodiester backbone to extend the life of the antisense oligonucleotide in which the phosphate substituents are replaced by phosphorothioates. Likewise, one or both ends of the oligonucleotide may be substituted by one or more acridine derivatives that intercalate between adjacent basepairs within a strand of nucleic acid.

Another alternative to antisense is the use of RNA interference (RNAi).

Double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) can provoke gene silencing in mammals in vivo. The natural function of RNAi and co-suppression appears to be protection of the genome against invasion by mobile genetic elements such as retrotransposons and viruses that produce aberrant RNA or dsRNA in the host cell when they become active (see, e.g., Jensen, J., et al., Nat. Genet. 21:209-12,1999). The double-stranded RNA molecule may be prepared by synthesizing two RNA strands capable of forming a double-stranded RNA /

molecule, each having a length from about 19 to 25 (e.g., 19-23 nucleotides). For example, a dsRNA molecule useful in the methods of the invention may comprise the RNA corresponding to a sequence and its complement listed in TABLE 4. Preferably, at least one strand of RNA has a 3' overhang from 1-5 nucleotides. The synthesized RNA strands are combined under conditions that form a double-stranded molecule. The RNA sequence may comprise at least an 8 nucleotide portion of SEQ ID NO:4 with a total length of 25 nucleotides or less. The design of siRNA sequences for a given target is within the ordinary skill of one in the art. Commercial services are available that design siRNA sequence and guarantee at least 70% knockdown of expression (Qiagen, Valencia,

CA).

The dsRNA may be administered as a pharmaceutical composition and carried out by known methods, wherein a nucleic acid is introduced into a desired target cell. Commonly used gene transfer methods include calcium phosphate, DEAE-dextran,

-952016204452 28 Jun 2016 electroporation, microinjection and viral methods. Such methods are taught in Ausubel et al., Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1993.

Ribozymes can also be utilized to decrease the amount and/or biological activity of MASP-2, such as ribozymes that target MASP-2 mRNA. Ribozymes are catalytic

RNA molecules that can cleave nucleic acid molecules having a sequence that is completely or partially homologous to the sequence of the ribozyme. It is possible to design ribozyme transgenes that encode RNA ribozymes that specifically pair with a target RNA and cleave the phosphodiester backbone at a specific location, thereby functionally inactivating the target RNA. In carrying out this cleavage, the ribozyme is not itself altered, and is thus capable of recycling and cleaving other molecules. The inclusion of ribozyme sequences within antisense RNAs confers RNA-cleaving activity upon them, thereby increasing the activity of the antisense constructs.

Ribozymes useful in the practice of the invention typically comprise a hybridizing region of at least about nine nucleotides, which is complementary in nucleotide sequence to at least part of the target MASP-2 mRNA, and a catalytic region that is adapted to cleave the target MASP-2 mRNA (see generally, EPA No. 0 321 201; W088/04300; Haseloff, J., etal., Nature 334:585-591, 1988; Fedor, M.J., etal., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87:1668-1672,1990; Cech, T.R., et al., Ann. Rev. Biochem. 55:599-629,1986).

Ribozymes can either be targeted directly to cells in the form of RNA oligonucleotides incorporating ribozyme sequences, or introduced into the cell as an expression vector encoding the desired ribozymal RNA. Ribozymes may be used and applied in much the same way as described for antisense polynucleotides.

Anti-sense RNA and DNA, ribozymes and RNAi molecules useful in the methods of the invention may be prepared by any method known in the art for the synthesis of

DNA and RNA molecules. These include techniques for chemically synthesizing oligodeoxyribonucleotides and oligoribonucleotides well known in the art, such as for example solid phase phosphoramidite chemical synthesis. Alternatively, RNA molecules may be generated by in vitro and in vivo transcription of DNA sequences encoding the antisense RNA molecule. Such DNA sequences may be incorporated into a wide variety of vectors that incorporate suitable RNA polymerase promoters such as the T7 or SP6 polymerase promoters. Alternatively, antisense cDNA constructs that synthesize antisense RNA constitutively or inducibly, depending on the promoter used, can be introduced stably into cell lines.

-962016204452 28 Jun 2016

Various well known modifications of the DNA molecules may be introduced as a means of increasing stability and half-life. Useful modifications include, but are not limited to, the addition of flanking sequences of ribonucleotides or deoxyribonucleotides to the 5' and/or 3' ends of the molecule or the use of phosphorothioate or 2' O-methyl rather than phosphodiesterase linkages within the oligodeoxyribonucleotide backbone.

V. PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS AND DELIVERY METHODS

DOSING

In another aspect, the invention provides compositions for inhibiting the adverse effects of MASP-2-dependent complement activation comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a MASP-2 inhibitory agent and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The MASP-2 inhibitory agents can be administered to a subject in need thereof, at therapeutically effective doses to treat or ameliorate conditions associated with MASP-2dependent complement activation. A therapeutically effective dose refers to the amount of the MASP-2 inhibitory agent sufficient to result in amelioration of symptoms of the condition.

Toxicity and therapeutic efficacy of MASP-2 inhibitory agents can be determined by standard pharmaceutical procedures employing experimental animal models, such as the murine MASP-2 -/- mouse model expressing the human MASP-2 transgene described in Example 3. Using such animal models, the NOAEL (no observed adverse effect level) and the MED (the minimally effective dose) can be determined using standard methods. The dose ratio between NOAEL and MED effects is the therapeutic ratio, which is expressed as the ratio NOAEL/MED. MASP-2 inhibitory agents that exhibit large therapeutic ratios or indices are most preferred. The data obtained from the cell culture assays and animal studies can be used in formulating a range of dosages for use in humans. The dosage of the MASP-2 inhibitory agent preferably lies within a range of . circulating concentrations that include the MED with little or no toxicity. The dosage may vary within this range depending upon the dosage form employed and the route of administration utilized.

For any compound formulation, the therapeutically effective dose can be estimated using animal models. For example, a dose may be formulated in an animal model to achieve a circulating plasma concentration range that includes the MED. Quantitative levels of the MASP-2 inhibitory agent in plasma may also be measured, for example, by high performance liquid chromatography.

-972016204452 28 Jun 2016

In addition to toxicity studies, effective dosage may also be estimated based on the amount of MASP-2 protein present in a living subject and the binding affinity of the MASP-2 inhibitory agent. It has been shown that MASP-2 levels in normal human subjects is present in serum in low levels in the range of 500 ng/ml, and MASP-2 levels in a particular subject can be determined using a quantitative assay for MASP-2 described in Moller-Kristensen M., et al., J. of Immunol. Methods 282:159-167, 2003.

Generally, the dosage of administered compositions comprising MASP-2 inhibitory agents varies depending on such factors as the subject's age, weight, height, sex, general medical condition, and previous medical history. As an illustration, MASP-2 inhibitory agents, such as anti-MASP-2 antibodies, can be administered in dosage ranges from about 0.010 to 10.0 mg/kg, preferably 0.010 to 1.0 mg/kg, more preferably 0.010 to 0.1 mg/kg of the subject body weight.

Therapeutic efficacy of MASP-2 inhibitory compositions and methods of the present invention in a given subject, and appropriate dosages, can be determined in accordance with complement assays well known to those of skill in the art. Complement generates numerous specific products. During the last decade, sensitive and specific assays have been developed and are available commercially for most of these activation products, including the small activation fragments C3a, C4a, and C5a and the large activation fragments iC3b, C4d, Bb and sC5b-9. Most of these assays utilize monoclonal antibodies that react with new antigens (neoantigens) exposed on the fragment, but not on the native proteins from which they are formed, making these assays very simple and specific. Most rely on ELISA technology, although radioimmunoassay is still sometimes used for C3a and C5a. These latter assays measure both the unprocessed fragments and their 'desArg' fragments, which are the major forms found in the circulation.

Unprocessed fragments and C5aj_esarg are rapidly cleared by binding to cell surface receptors and are hence present in very low concentrations, whereas C3ad_eSArg does not bind to cells and accumulates in plasma. Measurement of C3a provides a sensitive, pathway-independent indicator of complement activation. Alternative pathway activation can be assessed by measuring the Bb fragment. Detection of the fluid-phase product of membrane attack pathway activation, sC5b-9, provides evidence that complement is being activated to completion. Because both the lectin and classical pathways generate the same activation products, C4a and C4d, measurement of these two fragments does not

-98ο

Γ4

2016204452 28 Jun provide any information about which of these two pathways has generated the activation products.

ADDITIONAL AGENTS

The compositions and methods comprising MASP-2 inhibitory agents may 5 optionally comprise one or more additional therapeutic agents, which may augment the activity of the MASP-2 inhibitory agent or that provide related therapeutic functions in an additive or synergistic fashion. For example, one or more MASP-2 inhibitory agents may be administered in combination with one or more anti-inflammatory and/or analgesic agents. The inclusion and selection of additional agent(s) will be determined to achieve a desired therapeutic result. Suitable anti-inflammatory and/or analgesic agents include: serotonin receptor antagonists; serotonin receptor agonists; histamine receptor antagonists; bradykinin receptor antagonists; kallikrein inhibitors; tachykinin receptor antagonists, including neurokinini and neurokinin₂ receptor subtype antagonists; calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonists; interleukin receptor antagonists; inhibitors of enzymes active in the synthetic pathway for arachidonic acid metabolites, including phospholipase inhibitors, including PLA₂ isoform inhibitors and PLCy isoform inhibitors, cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors (which may be either COX-1, COX-2 or nonselective COX-1 and -2 inhibitors), lipooxygenase inhibitors; prostanoid receptor antagonists including eicosanoid EP-1 and EP-4 receptor subtype antagonists and thromboxane receptor subtype antagonists; leukotriene receptor antagonists including leukotriene B4 receptor subtype antagonists and leukotriene D4 receptor subtype antagonists; opioid receptor agonists, including μ-opioid, δ-opioid, and κ-opioid receptor subtype agonists; purinoceptor agonists and antagonists including P2X receptor antagonists and P2Y receptor agonists; adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive potassium channel openers; MAP kinase inhibitors; nicotinic acetylcholine inhibitors; and alpha adrenergic receptor agonists (including alpha-1, alpha-2 and nonselective alpha-1 and 2 agonists).

When used in the prevention or treatment of restenosis, the MASP-2 inhibitory agent of the present invention may be combined with one or more anti-restenosis agents for concomitant administration. Suitable anti-restenosis agents include: antiplatelet agents including: thrombin inhibitors and receptor antagonists, adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptor antagonists (also known as purinoceptor^ receptor antagonists), thromboxane inhibitors and receptor antagonists and platelet membrane glycoprotein

-992016204452 28 Jun 2016 receptor antagonists; inhibitors of cell adhesion molecules, including selectin inhibitors and integrin inhibitors; anti-chemotactic agents; interleukin receptor antagonists; and intracellular signaling inhibitors including: protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors and protein tyrosine phosphatases, modulators of intracellular protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors, inhibitors of src homology2 (SH2) domains, and calcium channel antagonists.

The MASP-2 inhibitory agents of the present invention may also be administered in combination with one or more other complement inhibitors. No complement inhibitors are currently approved for use in humans, however some pharmacological agents have been shown to block complement in vivo. Many of these agents are also toxic or are only partial inhibitors (Asghar, S.S., Pharmacol. Rev. 36:223-44, 1984), and use of these has been limited to use as research tools. K76COOH and nafamstat mesilate are two agents that have shown some effectiveness in animal models of transplantation (Miyagawa, S., etal., Transplant Proc. 24:483-484, 1992). Low molecular weight heparins have also been shown to be effective in regulating complement activity (Edens, R.E., etal.,

Complement Today pp. 96-120, Basel: Karger, 1993). It is believed that these small molecule inhibitors may be useful as agents to use in combination with the MASP-2 inhibitory agents of the present invention.

Other naturally occurring complement inhibitors may be useful in combination with the MASP-2 inhibitory agents of the present invention. Biological inhibitors of complement include soluble complement factor 1 (sCRl). This is a naturally occurring inhibitor that can be found on the outer membrane of human cells. Other membrane inhibitors include DAF, MCP and CD59. Recombinant forms have been tested for their anti-complement activity in vitro and in vivo. sCRl has been shown to be effective in xenotranplantation, wherein the complement system (both alternative and classical) provides the trigger for a hyperactive rejection syndrome within minutes of perfusing blood through the newly transplanted organ (Platt J.L., et al., Immunol. Today 11:450-6, 1990; Marino I.R., etal., Transplant Proc. 1071-6, 1990; Johnstone, P.S., etal., Transplantation 54:573-6, 1992). The use of sCRl protects and extends the survival time of the transplanted organ, implicating the complement pathway in the pathogenesis of organ survival (Leventhal, J.R. et al., Transplantation 55:857-66, 1993; Pruitt, S.K., et al., Transplantation 57:363-70, 1994).

Suitable additional complement inhibitors for use in combination with the compositions of the present invention also include, by way of example, MoAbs such as

-1002016204452 28 Jun 2016 those being developed by Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., New Haven, Connecticut, and anti-properdin MoAbs.

When used in the treatment of arthritides (e.g., osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis), the MASP-2 inhibitory agent of the present invention may be combined with one or more chondroprotective agents, which may include one or more promoters of cartilage anabolism and/or one or more inhibitors of cartilage catabolism, and suitably both an anabolic agent and a catabolic inhibitory agent, for concomitant administration. Suitable anabolic promoting chondroprotective agents include interleukin (IL) receptor agonists including IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, rhIL-4, rhIL-10 and rhIL-13, and chimeric IL-4,

IL-10 or IL-13; Transforming growth factor-β superfamily agonists, including TGF-β,

TGF-βΙ, TGF-P2, TGF-P3, bone morphogenic proteins including BMP-2, BMP-4, BMP5, BMP-6, BMP-7 (OP-1), and OP-2/BMP-8, growth-differentiation factors including GDF-5, GDF-6 and GDF-7, recombinant TGF^s and BMPs, and chimeric TGF-Ps and BMPs; insulin-like growth factors including IGF-1; and fibroblast growth factors including bFGF. Suitable catabolic inhibitory chondroprotective agents include Interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor antagonists (IL-Ira), including soluble human IL-1 receptors (shuIL-lR), rshuIL-lR, rhlL-lra, anti-ILl-antibody, AF11567, and AF12198; Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Receptor Antagonists (TNF-α), including soluble receptors including sTNFRl and sTNFRII, recombinant TNF soluble receptors, and chimeric TNF soluble receptors including chimeric rhTNFR:Fc, Fc fusion soluble receptors and antiTNF antibodies; cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2 specific) inhibitors, including DuP 697, SC58451, celecoxib, rofecoxib, nimesulide, diclofenac, meloxicam, piroxicam, NS-398, RS57067, SC-57666, SC-58125, flosulide, etodolac, L-745,337 and DFU-T-614; Mitogenactivated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors, including inhibitors of ERK1, ERK2,

SAPK1, SAPK2a, SAPK2b, SAPK2d, SAPK3, including SB 203580, SB 203580 iodo, SB202190, SB 242235, SB 220025, RWJ 67657, RWJ 68354, FR 133605, L-167307, PD 98059, PD 169316; inhibitors of nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB), including caffeic acid phenylethyl ester (CAPE), DM-CAPE, SN-50 peptide, hymenialdisine and pyrolidone dithiocarbamate; nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors, including N^G-monomethyl-L30 arginine, 1400W, diphenyleneiodium, S-methyl isothiourea, S-(aminoethyl) isothiourea, L-N⁶-(l-iminoethyl)lysine, 1,3-PBITU, 2-ethyl-2-thiopseudourea, aminoguanidine, N“nitro-L-arginine, and N“-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), including inhibitors of MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-7,

-1012016204452 28 Jun 2016

MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-10, MMP-11, MMP-12, MMP-13, MMP-14 and MMP-15, and including U-24522, minocycline, 4-Abz-Gly-Pro-D-Leu-D-Ala-NHOH, Ac-Arg-CysGly-Val-Pro-Asp-NH2, rhuman TIMP1, rhuman TIMP2, and phosphoramidon; cell adhesion molecules, including integrin agonists and antagonists including ανβ3 MoAb

LM 609 and echistatin; anti-chemotactic agents including F-Met-Leu-Phe receptors, IL-8 receptors, MCP-1 receptors and MIP1-I/RANTES receptors; intracellular signaling inhibitors, including (a) protein kinase inhibitors, including both (i) protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors (isozyme) including calphostin C, G-6203 and GF 109203X and (ii) protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors, (b) modulators of intracellular protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases) and (c) inhibitors of SH2 domains (src Homology2 domains).

For some applications, it may be beneficial to administer the MASP-2 inhibitory agents of the present invention in combination with a spasm inhibitory agent. For example, for urogenital applications, it may be beneficial to include at least one smooth muscle spasm inhibitory agent and/or at least one anti-inflammation agent, and for vascular procedures it may be useful to include at least one vasospasm inhibitor and/or at least one anti-inflammation agent and/or at least one anti-restenosis agent. Suitable examples of spasm inhibitory agents include: serotonin receptor subtype antagonists; tachykinin receptor antagonists; nitric oxide donors; ATP-sensitive potassium channel openers; calcium channel antagonists; and endothelin receptor antagonists.

PHARMACEUTICAL CARRIERS AND DELIVERY VEHICLES

In general, the MASP-2 inhibitory agent compositions of the present invention, combined with any other selected therapeutic agents, are suitably contained in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The carrier is non-toxic, biocompatible and is selected so as not to detrimentally affect the biological activity of the MASP-2 inhibitory agent (and any other therapeutic agents combined therewith). Exemplary pharmaceutically acceptable carriers for peptides are described in U.S. Patent No. 5,211,657 to Yamada. The anti-MASP-2 antibodies and inhibitory peptides useful in the invention may be formulated into preparations in solid, semi-solid, gel, liquid or gaseous forms such as tablets, capsules, powders, granules, ointments, solutions, depositories, inhalants and injections allowing for oral, parenteral or surgical administration. The invention also contemplates local administration of the compositions by coating medical devices and the like.

-1022016204452 28 Jun 2016

Suitable carriers for parenteral delivery via injectable, infusion or irrigation and topical delivery include distilled water, physiological phosphate-buffered saline, normal or lactated Ringer's solutions, dextrose solution, Hank's solution, or propanediol. In addition, sterile, fixed oils may be employed as a solvent or suspending medium. For this purpose any biocompatible oil may be employed including synthetic mono- or diglycerides. In addition, fatty acids such as oleic acid find use in the preparation of injectables. The carrier and agent may be compounded as a liquid, suspension, polymerizable or non-polymerizable gel, paste or salve.

The carrier may also comprise a deliver/ vehicle to sustain (i.e., extend, delay or 10 regulate) the delivery of the agent(s) or to enhance the delivery, uptake, stability or pharmacokinetics of the therapeutic agent(s). Such a delivery vehicle may include, by way of non-limiting example, microparticles, microspheres, nanospheres or nanoparticles composed of proteins, liposomes, carbohydrates, synthetic organic compounds, inorganic compounds, polymeric or copolymeric hydrogels and polymeric micelles. Suitable hydrogel and micelle delivery systems include the PEO:PHB:PEO copolymers and copolymer/cyclodextrin complexes disclosed in WO 2004/009664 A2 and the PEO and PEO/cyclodextrin complexes disclosed in US 2002/0019369 Al. Such hydrogels may be injected locally at the site of intended action, or subcutaneously or intramuscularly to form a sustained release depot.

For intra-articular delivery, the MASP-2 inhibitory agent may be carried in abovedescribed liquid or gel carriers that are injectable, above-described sustained-release delivery vehicles that are injectable, or a hyaluronic acid or hyaluronic acid derivative.

For oral administration of non-peptidergic agents, the MASP-2 inhibitory agent may be carried in an inert filler or diluent such as sucrose, cornstarch, or cellulose.

For topical administration, the MASP-2 inhibitory agent may be carried in ointment, lotion, cream, gel, drop, suppository, spray, liquid or powder, or in gel or microcapsular delivery systems via a transdermal patch.

Various nasal and pulmonary delivery systems, including aerosols, metered-dose inhalers, dry powder inhalers, and nebulizers, are being developed and may suitably be adapted for delivery of the present invention in an aerosol, inhalant, or nebulized delivery vehicle, respectively.

-1032016204452 28 Jun 2016

For intrathecal (IT) or intracerebroventricular (ICV) delivery, appropriately sterile delivery systems (e.g., liquids; gels, suspensions, etc.) can be used to administer the present invention.

The compositions of the present invention may also include biocompatible 5 excipients, such as dispersing or wetting agents, suspending agents, diluents, buffers, penetration enhancers, emulsifiers, binders, thickeners, flavouring agents (for oral administration).

PHARMACEUTICAL CARRIERS FOR ANTIBODIES AND PEPTIDES

More specifically with respect to anti-MASP-2 antibodies and inhibitory peptides, 10 exemplary formulations can be parenterally administered as injectable dosages of a solution or suspension of the compound in a physiologically acceptable diluent with a pharmaceutical carrier that can be a sterile liquid such as water, oils, saline, glycerol or ethanol. Additionally, auxiliary substances such as wetting or emulsifying agents, surfactants, pH buffering substances and the like can be present in compositions comprising anti-MASP-2 antibodies and inhibitory peptides. Additional components of pharmaceutical compositions include petroleum (such as of animal, vegetable or synthetic origin), for example, soybean oil and mineral oil. In general, glycols such as propylene glycol or polyethylene glycol are preferred liquid carriers for injectable solutions.

The anti-MASP-2 antibodies and inhibitory peptides can also be administered in the form of a depot injection or implant preparation that can be formulated in such a maimer as to permit a sustained or pulsatile release of the active agents.

PHARMACEUTICALLY ACCEPTABLE CARRIERS FOR EXPRESSION INHIBITORS

More specifically with respect to expression inhibitors useful in the methods of the invention, compositions are provided that comprise an expression inhibitor as described above and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent. The composition may further comprise a colloidal dispersion system.

Pharmaceutical compositions that include expression inhibitors may include, but are not limited to, solutions, emulsions, and liposome-containing formulations. These compositions may be generated from a variety of components that include, but are not limited to, preformed liquids, self-emulsifying solids and self-emulsifying semisolids. The preparation of such compositions typically involves combining the expression inhibitor with one or more of the following: buffers, antioxidants, low molecular weight

-1042016204452 28 Jun 2016 polypeptides, proteins, amino acids, carbohydrates including glucose, sucrose or dextrins, chelating agents such as EDTA, glutathione and other stabilizers and excipients. Neutral buffered saline or saline mixed with non-specific serum albumin are examples of suitable diluents.

In some embodiments, the compositions ihay be prepared and formulated as emulsions which are typically heterogeneous systems of one liquid dispersed in another in the form of droplets (see, Idson, in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Vol. 1, Rieger and Banker (eds.), Marcek Dekker, Inc., N.Y., 1988). Examples of naturally occurring emulsifiers used in emulsion formulations include acacia, beeswax, lanolin, lecithin and phosphatides.

In one embodiment, compositions including nucleic acids can be formulated as microemulsions. A microemulsion, as used herein refers to a system of water, oil and amphiphile, which is a single optically isotropic and thermodynamically stable liquid solution (see Rosoff in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Vol. 1). The method of the invention may also use liposomes for the transfer and delivery of antisense oligonucleotides to the desired site.

Pharmaceutical compositions and formulations of expression inhibitors for topical administration may include transdermal patches, ointments, lotions, creams, gels, drops, suppositories, sprays, liquids and powders. Conventional pharmaceutical carriers, as well as aqueous, powder or oily bases and thickeners and the like may be used.

MODES OF ADMINISTRATION

The pharmaceutical compositions comprising MASP-2 inhibitory agents may be administered in a number of ways depending on whether a local or systemic mode of administration is most appropriate for the condition being treated. Additionally, as described herein above with respect to extracorporeal reperfusion procedures, MASP-2 inhibitory agents can be administered via introduction of the compositions of the present invention to recirculating blood or plasma. Further, the compositions of the present invention can be delivered by coating or incorporating the compositions on or into an implantable medical device.

SYSTEMIC DELIVERY

As used herein, the terms systemic delivery and systemic administration are intended to include but are not limited to oral and parenteral routes including intramuscular (IM), subcutaneous, intravenous (IV), intra-arterial, inhalational,

-1052016204452 28 Jun 2016 sublingual, buccal, topical, transdermal, nasal, rectal, vaginal and other routes of administration that effectively result in dispersement of the delivered agent to a single or multiple sites of intended therapeutic action. Preferred routes of systemic delivery for the present compositions include intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous and inhalational.

It will be appreciated that the exact systemic administration route for selected agents utilized in particular compositions of the present invention will be determined in part to account for the agent's susceptibility to metabolic transformation pathways associated with a given route of administration. For example, peptidergic agents may be most suitably administered by routes other than oral.

MASP-2 inhibitory antibodies and polypeptides can be delivered into a subject in need thereof by any suitable means. Methods of delivery of MASP-2 antibodies and polypeptides include administration by oral, pulmonary, parenteral (e.g., intramuscular, intraperitoneal, intravenous (IV) or subcutaneous injection), inhalation (such as via a fine powder formulation), transdermal, nasal, vaginal, rectal, or sublingual routes of administration, and can be formulated in dosage forms appropriate for each route of administration.

By way of representative example, MASP-2 inhibitory antibodies and peptides can be introduced into a living body by application to a bodily membrane capable of absorbing the polypeptides, for example the nasal, gastrointestinal and rectal membranes.

The polypeptides are typically applied to the absorptive membrane in conjunction with a permeation enhancer. (See, e.g., Lee, V.H.L., Crit. Rev. Ther. Drug Carrier Sys. 5:69, 1988; Lee, V.H.L., J. Controlled Release 13:213, 1990; Lee, V.H.L., Ed., Peptide and Protein Drug Delivery, Marcel Dekker, New York (1991); DeBoer, A.G., etal., J. Controlled Release, 13:241, 1990.) For example, STDHF is a synthetic derivative of fusidic acid, a steroidal surfactant that is similar in structure to the bile salts, and has been used as a permeation enhancer for nasal delivery. (Lee, W.A., Biopharm. 22, Nov./Dec. 1990.) *

The MASP-2 inhibitory antibodies and polypeptides may be introduced in association with another molecule, such as a lipid, to protect the polypeptides from enzymatic degradation. For example, the covalent attachment of polymers, especially polyethylene glycol (PEG), has been used to protect certain proteins from enzymatic hydrolysis in the body and thus prolong half-life (Fuertges, F., et al., J. Controlled Release 11:139, 1990). Many polymer systems have been reported for protein delivery

-1062016204452 28 Jun 2016 (Bae, Y.H., et al., J. Controlled Release 9:271, 1989; Hori, R., et al., Pharm. Res. 6:813, 1989; Yamakawa, I., et al., J. Pharm. Sci. 79:505,1990; Yoshihiro, I., et al., J. Controlled Release 10:195, 1989; Asano, M., etal., J. Controlled Release 9:111, 1989; Rosenblatt, J., etal., J. Controlled Release 9:195, 1989; Makino, K., J. Controlled Release 12:235,

1990; Takakura, Y., etal., J. Pharm. Sci. 78:117, 1989; Takakura, Y., etal., J. Pharm.

Sci. 78:219,1989).

Recently, liposomes have been developed with improved serum stability and circulation half-times (see, e.g., U.S. Patent No. 5,741,516 to Webb). Furthermore, various methods of liposome and liposome-like preparations as potential drug carriers have been reviewed (see, e.g., U.S. Patent No. 5,567,434 to Szoka; U.S. Patent No. 5,552,157 to Yagi; U.S. Patent No. 5,565,213 to Nakamori; U.S. Patent No. 5,738,868 to Shinkarenko and U.S. Patent No. 5,795,587 to Gao).

For transdermal applications, the MASP-2 inhibitory antibodies and polypeptides may be combined with other suitable ingredients, such as carriers and/or adjuvants.

There are no limitations on the nature of such other ingredients, except that they must be pharmaceutically acceptable for their intended administration, and cannot degrade the activity of the active ingredients of the composition. Examples of suitable vehicles include ointments, creams, gels, or suspensions, with or without purified collagen. The MASP-2 inhibitory antibodies and polypeptides may also be impregnated into transdermal patches, plasters, and bandages, preferably in liquid or semi-liquid form.

The compositions of the present invention may be systemically administered on a periodic basis at intervals determined to maintain a desired level of therapeutic effect. For example, compositions may be administered, such as by subcutaneous injection, every two to four weeks or at less frequent intervals. The dosage regimen will be determined by the physician considering various factors that may influence the action of the combination of agents. These factors will include the extent of progress of the condition being treated, the patient's age, sex and weight, and other clinical factors. The dosage for each individual agent will vary as a function of the MASP-2 inhibitory agent that is included in the composition, as well as the presence and nature of any drug delivery vehicle (e.g., a sustained release delivery vehicle). In addition, the dosage quantity may be adjusted to account for variation in the frequency of administration and the pharmacokinetic behavior of the delivered agent(s).

-1072016204452 28 Jun 2016

LOCAL DELIVERY

As used herein, the term local encompasses application of a drug in or around a site of intended localized action, and may include for example topical delivery to the skin or other affected tissues, ophthalmic delivery, intrathecal (IT), intracerebroventricular (ICV), intra-articular, intracavity, intracranial or intravesicular administration, placement or irrigation. Local administration may be preferred to enable administration of a lower dose, to avoid systemic side effects, and for more accurate control of the timing of delivery and concentration of the active agents at the site of local delivery. Local administration provides a known concentration at the target site, regardless of interpatient variability in metabolism, blood flow, etc. Improved dosage control is also provided by the direct mode of delivery.

Local delivery of a MASP-2 inhibitory agent may be achieved in the context of surgical methods for treating a disease or condition, such as for example during procedures such as arterial bypass surgery, atherectomy, laser procedures, ultrasonic procedures, balloon angioplasty and stent placement. For example, a MASP-2 inhibitor can be administered to a subject in conjunction with a balloon angioplasty procedure. A balloon angioplasty procedure involves inserting a catheter having a deflated balloon into an artery. The deflated balloon is positioned in proximity to the atherosclerotic plaque and is inflated such that the plaque is compressed against the vascular wall. As a result, the balloon surface is in contact with the layer of vascular endothelial cells on the surface of the blood vessel. The MASP-2 inhibitory agent may be attached to the balloon angioplasty catheter in a manner that permits release of the agent at the site of the atherosclerotic plaque. The agent may be attached to the balloon catheter in accordance with standard procedures known in the art. For example, the agent may he stored in a compartment of the balloon catheter until the balloon is inflated, at which point it is released into the local environment. Alternatively, the agent may be impregnated on the balloon surface, such that it contacts the cells of the arterial wall as the balloon is inflated. The agent may also be delivered in a perforated balloon catheter such as those disclosed in Flugelman, Μ.Υ., etal., Circulation 85:1110-1117, 1992. See also published PCT

Application WO 95/23161 for an exemplary procedure for attaching a therapeutic protein to a balloon angioplasty catheter. Likewise, the MASP-2 inhibitory agent may be included in a gel or polymeric coating applied to a stent, or may be incorporated into the

-1082016204452 28 Jun 2016 material of the stent, such that the stent elutes the MASP-2 inhibitory agent after vascular placement.

MASP-2 inhibitory compositions used in the treatment of arthritides and other musculoskeletal disorders may be locally delivered by intra-articular injection. Such compositions may suitably include a sustained release delivery vehicle. As a further example of instances in which local delivery may be desired, MASP-2 inhibitory compositions used in the treatment of urogenital conditions may be suitably instilled intravesically or within another urogenital structure.

COATINGS ON A MEDICAL DEVICE

MASP-2 inhibitory agents such as antibodies and inhibitory peptides may be immobilized onto (or within) a surface of an implantable or attachable medical device. The modified surface will typically be in contact with living tissue after implantation into an animal body. By implantable or attachable medical device is intended any device that is implanted into, or attached to, tissue of an animal body, during the normal operation of the device (e.g., stents and implantable drug delivery devices). Such implantable or attachable medical devices can be made from, for example, nitrocellulose, diazocellulose, glass, polystyrene, polyvinylchloride, polypropylene, polyethylene, dextran, Sepharose, agar, starch, nylon, stainless steel, titanium and biodegradable and/or biocompatible polymers. Linkage of the protein to a device can be accomplished by any technique that does not destroy the biological activity of the linked protein, for example by attaching one or both of the N- C-terminal residues of the protein to the device. Attachment may also be made at one or more internal sites in the protein. Multiple attachments (both internal and at the ends of the protein) may also be used. A surface of an implantable or attachable medical device can be modified to include functional groups (e.g., carboxyl, amide, amino, ether, hydroxyl, cyano, nitrido, sulfanamido, acetylinic, epoxide, silanic, anhydric, succinimic, azido) for protein immobilization thereto. Coupling chemistries include, but are not limited to, the formation of esters, ethers, amides, azido and sulfanamido derivatives, cyanate and other linkages to the functional groups available on MASP-2 antibodies or inhibitory peptides. MASP-2 antibodies or inhibitory fragments can also be attached non-covalently by the addition of an affinity tag sequence to the protein, such as GST (D.B. Smith and K.S. Johnson, Gene 67:31, 1988), polyhistidines (E. Hochuli etal., J. Chromatog. 411:77, 1987), or biotin. Such affinity tags may be used for the reversible attachment of the protein to a device.

-1092016204452 28 Jun 2016

Proteins can also be covalently attached to the surface of a device body, for example by covalent activation of the surface of the medical device. By way of representative example, matricellular protein(s) can be attached to the device body by any of the following pairs of reactive groups (one member of the pair being present on the surface of the device body, and the other member of the pair being present on the matricellular protein(s)): hydroxyl/carboxylic acid to yield an ester linkage;

hydroxyl/anhydride to yield an ester linkage; hydroxyl/isocyanate to yield a urethane linkage. A surface of a device body that does not possess useful reactive groups can be treated with radio-frequency discharge plasma (RFGD) etching to generate reactive groups in order to allow deposition of matricellular protein(s) (e.g., treatment with oxygen plasma to introduce oxygen-containing groups; treatment with propyl amino plasma to introduce amine groups).

MASP-2 inhibitory agents comprising nucleic acid molecules such as antisense, RNAi-or DNA-encoding peptide inhibitors can be embedded in porous matrices attached to a device body. Representative porous matrices useful for making the surface layer are those prepared from tendon or dermal collagen, as may be obtained from a variety of commercial sources (e.g., Sigma and Collagen Corporation), or collagen matrices prepared as described in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,394,370 to Jefferies and 4,975,527 to Koezuka. One collagenous material is termed UltraFiber™, and is obtainable from

Norian Corp. (Mountain View, Calif.).

Certain polymeric matrices may also be employed if desired, and include acrylic ester polymers and lactic acid polymers, as disclosed, for example, in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,526,909 to Urist and 4,563,489 to Urist. Particular examples of useful polymers are those of orthoesters, anhydrides, propylene-cofumarates, or a polymer of one or more α-hydroxy carboxylic acid monomers, (e.g., α-hydroxy acetic acid (glycolic acid) and/or α-hydroxy propionic acid (lactic acid)).

TREATMENT REGIMENS

In prophylactic applications, the pharmaceutical compositions are administered to a subject susceptible to, or otherwise at risk of, a condition associated with MASP-230 dependent complement activation in an amount sufficient to eliminate or reduce the risk of developing symptoms of the condition. In therapeutic applications, the pharmaceutical compositions are administered to a subject suspected of, or already suffering from, a condition associated with MASP-2-dependent complement activation in a therapeutically

-1102016204452 28 Jun 2016 effective amount sufficient to relieve, or at least partially reduce, the symptoms of the condition. In both prophylactic and therapeutic regimens, compositions comprising MASP-2 inhibitory agents may be administered in several dosages until a sufficient therapeutic outcome has been achieved in the subject. Application of the MASP-2 inhibitory compositions of the present invention may be carried out by a single administration of the composition, or a limited sequence of administrations, for treatment of an acute condition, e.g., reperfosion injury or other traumatic injury. Alternatively, the composition may be administered at periodic intervals over an extended period of time for treatment of chronic conditions, e.g., arthritides or psoriasis.

The methods and compositions of the present invention may be used to inhibit inflammation and related processes that typically result from diagnostic and therapeutic medical and surgical procedures. To inhibit such processes, the MASP-2 inhibitory composition of the present invention may be applied periprocedurally. As used herein periprocedurally refers to administration of the inhibitory composition preprocedurally and/or intraprocedurally and/or postprocedurally, i.e., before the procedure, before and during the procedure, before and after the procedure, before, during and after the procedure, during the procedure, during and after the procedure, or after the procedure. Periprocedural application may be carried out by local administration of the composition to the surgical or procedural site, such as by injection or continuous or intermittent irrigation of the site, or by systemic administration. Suitable methods for local perioperative delivery of MASP-2 inhibitory agent solutions are disclosed in US Patent Nos. 6,420,432 to Demopulos and 6,645,168 to Demopulos. Suitable methods for local delivery of chondroprotective compositions including MASP-2 inhibitory agent(s) are disclosed in International PCT Patent Application WO 01/07067 A2. Suitable methods and compositions for targeted systemic delivery of chondroprotective compositions including MASP-2 inhibitory agent(s) are disclosed in International PCT Patent Application WO 03/063799 A2.

VI. EXAMPLES

The following examples merely illustrate the best mode now contemplated for practicing the invention, but should not be construed to limit the invention. All literature citations herein are expressly incorporated by reference.

-Ill2016204452 28 Jun 2016

EXAMPLE 1

This example describes the generation of a mouse strain deficient in MASP-2 (MASP-2-/-) but sufficient of MApl9 (MApl9+/+).

Materials and Methods: The targeting vector pKO-NTKV 1901 was designed to 5 disrupt the three exons coding for the C-terminal end of murine MASP-2, including the exon that encodes the serine protease domain, as shown in FIGURE 4. PKO-NTKV 1901 was used to transfect the murine ES cell line E14.1a (SV129 Ola). Neomycin-resistant and Thymidine Kinase-sensitive clones were selected. 600 ES clones were screened and of these, four different clones were identified and verified by southern blot to contain the expected selective targeting and recombination event as shown in FIGURE 4. Chimeras were generated from these four positive clones by embryo transfer. The chimeras were then backcrossed in the genetic background C57/BL6 to create transgenic males. The transgenic males were crossed with females to generate FIs with 50% of the offspring showing heterozygosity for the disrupted MASP 2 gene. The heterozygous mice were intercrossed to generate homozygous MASP-2 deficient offspring, resulting in heterozygous and wild-type mice in the ration of 1:2:1, respectively.

Results and Phenotype: The resulting homozygous MASP-2-/- deficient mice were found to be viable and fertile and were verified to be MASP-2 deficient by southern blot to confirm the correct targeting event, by Northern blot to confirm the absence of

MASP-2 mRNA, and by Western blot to confirm the absence of MASP-2 protein (data not shown). The presence of MApl9 mRNA and the absence of MASP-2 mRNA was further confirmed using time-resolved RT-PCR on a LightCycler machine. The MASP-2-/- mice do continue to express MApl9, MASP-1 and MASP-3 mRNA and protein as expected (data not shown). The presence and abundance of mRNA in the

MASP-2-/- mice for Properdin, Factor B, Factor D, C4, C2 and C3 was assessed by

LightCycler analysis and found to be identical to that of the wild-type littermate controls (data not shown). The plasma from homozygous MASP-2-/- mice is totally deficient of lectin-pathway-mediated complement activation and alternative pathway complement activation as further described in Example 2.

Generation of a MASP-2-/- strain on a pure C57BL6 Background: The

MASP-2-/- mice are back-crossed with a pure C57BL6 line for nine generations prior to use of the MASP-2-/- strain as an experimental animal model.

-1122016204452 28 Jun 2016

EXAMPLE 2

This example demonstrates that MASP-2 is required for complement activation via the alternative and the lectin pathway.

Methods and Materials:

Lectin pathway specific C4 Cleavage Assay: A C4 cleavage assay has been described by Petersen, et al., J. Immunol. Methods 257:107 (2001) that measures lectin pathway activation resulting from lipoteichoic acid (LTA) from S. aureus which binds L-ficolin. The assay described in example 11 was adapted to measure lectin pathway activation via MBL by coating the plate with LPS and mannan or zymosan prior to adding serum from MASP-2 -/- mice as described below. The assay was also modified to remove the possibility of C4 cleavage due to the classical pathway. This was achieved by using a sample dilution buffer containing 1 M NaCl, which permits high affinity binding of lectin pathway recognition components to their ligands, but prevents activation of endogenous C4, thereby excluding the participation of the classical pathway by dissociating the Cl complex. Briefly described, in the modified assay serum samples (diluted in high salt (1M NaCl) buffer) are added to ligand-coated plates, followed by the addition of a constant amount of purified C4 in a buffer with a physiological concentration of salt. Bound recognition complexes containing MASP-2 cleave the C4, resulting in C4b deposition.

Assay Methods:

1) Nunc Maxisorb microtiter plates (Maxisorb, Nunc, cat. No. 442404, Fisher Scientific) were coated with 1 pg/ml mannan (M7504 Sigma) or any other ligand (e.g., such as those listed below) diluted in coating buffer (15 mM Na₂CO3, 35 mM NaHCO3, pH 9.6).

The following reagents were used in the assay:

a. mannan (1 pg/well mannan (M7504 Sigma) in 100 pi coating buffer):

b. zymosan (1 pg/well zymosan (Sigma) in 100μ1 coating buffer);

c. LTA (1 pg/well in 100 μΐ coating buffer or 2 pg/well in 20 pi methanol) '

d. 1 pg of the H-ficolin specific Mab 4H5 in coating buffer

e. PSA from Aerococcus viridans (2 pg/well in 100 pi coating buffer)

f. 100 pl/well of formalin-fixed 5. aureus DSM20233 (Οϋ55θ=0.5) in coating buffer.

2) The plates were incubated overnight at 4°C.

-1132016204452 28 Jun 2016

3) After overnight incubation, the residual protein binding sites were saturated by incubated the plates with 0.1% HSA-TBS blocking buffer (0.1% (w/v) HSA in 10 mM Tris-CL, 140 mM NaCI, 1.5 mM NaN₃, pH 7.4) for 1-3 hours, then washing the plates 3X with TBS/tween/Ca²⁺ (TBS with 0.05% Tween 20 and 5 mM CaCl₂, 1 mM

MgCl₂, pH 7.4).

4) Serum samples to be tested were diluted in MBL-binding buffer (1 M NaCI) and the diluted samples were added to the plates and incubated overnight at 4°C. Wells receiving buffer only were used as negative controls.

5) Following incubation overnight at 4°C, the plates were washed 3X with 10 TBS/tween/Ca2+. Human C4 (100 μΐ/well of 1 pg/ml diluted in BBS (4mM barbital,

145 mM NaCI, 2 mM CaCl₂, 1 mM MgCl₂, pH 7.4)) was then added to the plates and incubated for 90 minutes at 37°C. The plates were washed again 3X with TB S/tween/Ca²⁺.

6) C4b deposition was detected with an alkaline phosphatase-conjugated 15 chicken anti-human C4c (diluted 1:1000 in TBS/tween/Ca²⁺), which was added to the plates and incubated for 90 minutes at room temperature. The plates were then washed again 3X with TBS/tween/Ca²⁺.

7) Alkaline phosphatase was detected by adding 100 μΐ of p-nitrophenyl phosphate substrate solution, incubating at room temperature for 20 minutes, and reading the OD₄q₅ in a microtiter plate reader.

Results: FIGURE 6A-B show the amount of C4b deposition on mannan (FIGURE 6A) and zymosan (FIGURE 6B) in serum dilutions from MASP-2+/+ (crosses), MASP-2+/- (closed circles) and MASP-2-/- (closed triangles). FIGURE 6C shows the relative C4 convertase activity on plates coated with zymosan (white bars) or mannan (shaded bars) from MASP-2-/+ mice (n=5) and MASP-2-/- mice (n=4) relative to wild-type mice (n=5) based on measuring the amount of C4b deposition normalized to wild-type serum. The error bars represent the standard deviation. As shown in FIGURES 6A-C, plasma from MASP-2-/- mice is totally deficient in lectin-pathwaymediated complement activation on mannan and on zymosan coated plates. These results clearly demonstrate that MASP-2, but not MASP-1 or MASP-3, is the effector component of the lectin pathway.

C3b deposition assay:

-1142016204452 28 Jun 2016

1) Nunc Maxisorb microtiter plates (Maxisorb, Nunc, cat. No. 442404, Fisher Scientific) are coated with 1 pg/well mannan (M7504 Sigma) or any other ligand diluted in coating buffer (15 mM Na2CO₃, 35 mM NaHCO₃, pH 9.6) and incubated overnight at 4°C.

2) Residual protein binding sites are saturated by incubating the plate with

0.1% HSA-TBS blocking buffer (0.1% (w/v) HSA in 10 mM Tris-CL, 140 mM NaCl, 1.5 mM NaN₃, pH 7.4) for 1-3 hours.

3) Plates are washed in TBS/tw/Ca⁺⁺(TBS with 0.05% Tween 20 and 5 mM CaCl₂) and diluted BBS is added to serum samples (4 mM barbital, 145 mM NaCl, 2 mM

CaCl₂, 1 mM MgCl₂, pH 7.4). Wells receiving only buffer are used as negative controls. A control set of serum samples obtained from wild-type or MASP-2-/- mice are Clq depleted prior to use in the assay. Clq-depleted mouse serum was prepared using protein-A-coupled Dynabeads (Dynal Biotech, Oslo, Norway) coated with rabbit antihuman Clq IgG (Dako, Glostrup, Denmark), according to the supplier's instructions.

4) Following incubation overnight at 4°C, and another wash with TBS/tw/

Ca⁺⁺, converted and bound C3 is detected with a polyclonal anti-human-C3c Antibody (Dako A 062) diluted in TBS/tw/ Ca^⁺ at 1:1000). The secondary antibody is goat antirabbit IgG (whole molecule) conjugated to alkaline-phosphatase (Sigma Immunochemicals A-3 812) diluted 1:10,000 in TBS/tw/Ca+A The presence of alternative complement pathway (AP) is determined by addition of 100 μΐ substrate solution (Sigma Fast p-Nitrophenyl Phosphate tablet sets, Sigma) and incubation at room temperature. Hydrolysis is monitored quantitatively by measuring the absorption at 405 nm in a microtiter plate reader. A standard curve is prepared for each analysis using serial dilutions of plasma/serum samples.

Results: The results shown in FIGURES 7A and 7B are from pooled serum from several mice. The crosses represent MASP-2+/+ serum, the filled circles represent Clq depleted MASP-2+/+ serum, the open squares represent MASP-2-/- serum and the open triangles represent Clq depleted MASP-2-/- serum. As shown in FIGURES 7A-B, serum from MASP-2-/- mice tested in a C3b deposition assay results in very low levels of C3 activation on mannan (FIGURE 7A) and on zymosan (FIGURE 7B) coated plates. This result clearly demonstrates that MASP-2 is required to contribute the initial C3b generation from C3 to initiate the alternative complement pathway. This is a surprising result in view of the widely accepted view that complement factors C3, factor B, factor D

-1152016204452 28 Jun 2016 and properdin form an independent functional alternative pathway in which C3 can undergo a spontaneous conformational change to a C3b-like form which then generates a fluid phase convertase iC3Bb and deposits C3b molecules on activation surfaces such as zymosan.

Recombinant MASP-2 reconstitutes Lectin Pathway-Dependent C4 Activation in serum from the MASP-2-/- mice

In order to establish that the absence of MASP-2 was the direct cause of the loss of lectin pathway-dependent C4 activation in the MASP-2-/- mice, the effect of adding recombinant MASP-2 protein to serum samples was examined in the C4 cleavage assay described above. Functionally active murine MASP-2 and catalytically inactive murine MASP-2A (in which the active-site serine residue in the serine protease domain was substituted for the alanine residue) recombinant proteins were produced and purified as described below in Example 5. Pooled serum from 4 MASP-2 -/- mice was pre-incubated with increasing protein concentrations of recombinant murine MASP-2 or inactive recombinant murine MASP-2A and C4 convertase activity was assayed as described above.

Results: As shown in FIGURE 8, the addition of functionally active murine recombinant MASP-2 protein (shown as open triangles) to serum obtained from the MASP-2 -/- mice restored lectin pathway-dependent C4 activation in a protein concentration dependent manner, whereas the catalytically inactive murine MASP-2A protein (shown as stars) did not restore C4 activation. The results shown in FIGURE 8 are normalized to the C4 activation observed with pooled wild-type mouse serum (shown as a dotted line).

EXAMPLE 3

This example describes the generation of a transgenic mouse strain that is murine

MASP-2-/-, MAp 19+/+ and that expresses a human MASP-2 transgene (a murine MASP-2 knock-out and a human MASP-2 knock-in).

Materials and Methods: A minigene encoding human MASP-2 called mind hMASP-2 (SEQ ID NO:49) as shown in FIGURE 5 was constructed which includes the promoter region of the human MASP 2 gene, including the first 3 exons (exon 1 to exon 3) followed by the cDNA sequence that represents the coding sequence of the following 8 exons, thereby encoding the full-length MASP-2 protein driven by its endogenous promoter. The mini hMASP-2 construct was injected into fertilized eggs of

-1162016204452 28 Jun 2016

MASP-2-/- in order to replace the deficient murine MASP 2 gene by transgenically expressed human MASP-2.

EXAMPLE 4

This example describes the isolation of human MASP-2 protein in proenzyme form from human serum.

Method of human MASP-2 isolation: A method for isolating MASP-2 from human serum has been described in Matsushita et al., J. Immunol. 165:2637-2642, 2000. Briefly, human serum is passed through a yeast mannan-Sepharose column using a 10 mM imidazole buffer (pH 6.0) containing 0.2 M NaCI, 20 mM CaCL, 0.2 mM NPGB,

20 μΜ /j-APMSF, and 2% mannitol. The MASP-1 and MASP-2 proenzymes complex with MBL and elute with the above buffer containing 0.3 M mannose. To separate proenzymes MASP-1 and MASP-2 from MBL, preparations containing the complex are applied to anti-MBL-Sepharose and then MASPs are eluted with imidazole buffer containing 20 mM EDTA and 1 M NaCI. Finally, proenzymes MASP-1 and MASP-2 are separated from each other by passing through anti-MASP-l-Sepharose in the same buffer as used for the anti-MBL-Sepharose. MASP-2 is recovered in the effluents, whereas MASP-1 is eluted with 0.1 M glycine buffer (pH 2.2).

EXAMPLE 5

This example describes the recombinant expression and protein production of recombinant full-length human, rat and murine MASP-2, MASP-2 derived polypeptides, and catalytically inactivated mutant forms of MASP-2

Expression of Full-length human, murine and rat MASP-2:

The full length cDNA sequence of human MASP-2 (SEQ ID NO: 4) was also subcloned into the mammalian expression vector pCI-Neo (Promega), which drives eukaryotic expression under the control of the CMV enhancer/promoter region (described in Kaufman R.J. et al., Nucleic Acids Research 19:4485-90, 1991; Kaufman, Methods in Enzymology, 185:537-66 (1991)). The full length mouse cDNA (SEQ ID NO:50) and rat MASP-2 cDNA (SEQ ID NO:53) were each subcloned into the pED expression vector. The MASP-2 expression vectors were then transfected into the adherent Chinese hamster ovary cell line DXB1 using the standard calcium phosphate transfection procedure described in Maniatis et al., 1989. Cells transfected with these constructs grew very slowly, implying that the encoded protease is cytotoxic.

-1172016204452 28 Jun 2016

In another approach, the minigene construct (SEQ ID NO:49) containing the human cDNA of MASP-2 driven by its endogenous promoter is transiently transfected into Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO). The human MASP-2 protein is secreted into the culture media and isolated as described below.

Expression of Full-length catalytically inactive MASP-2:

Rationale: MASP-2 is activated by autocatalytic cleavage after the recognition subcomponents MBL or ficolins (either L-ficolin, H-ficolin or M-ficolin) bind to their respective carbohydrate pattern. Autocatalytic cleavage resulting in activation of MASP2 often occurs during the isolation procedure of MASP-2 from serum, or during the purification following recombinant expression. In order to obtain a more stable protein preparation for use as an antigen, a catalytically inactive form of MASP-2, designed as MASP-2A was created by replacing the serine residue that is present in the catalytic triad of the protease domain with an alanine residue in rat (SEQ ID NO:55 Ser617 to Ala617); in mouse (SEQ ID NO:52 Ser617 to Ala617); or in human (SEQ ID NO:3 Ser618 to

Ala618).

In order to generate catalytically inactive human and murine MASP-2A proteins, site-directed mutagenesis was carried out using the oligonucleotides shown in TABLE 5. The oligonucleotides in TABLE 5 were designed to anneal to the region of the human and murine cDNA encoding the enzymatically active serine and oligonucleotide contain a mismatch in order to change the serine codon into an alanine codon. For example, PCR oligonucleotides SEQ ID NOS:56-59 were used in combination with human MASP-2 cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 4) to amplify the region from the start codon to the enzymatically active serine and from the serine to the stop codon to generate the complete open reading from of the mutated MASP-2 A containing the Ser618 to Ala618 mutation. The PCR products were purified after agarose gel electrophoresis and band preparation and single adenosine overlaps were generated using a standard tailing procedure. The adenosine tailed MASP-2A was then cloned into the pGEM-T easy vector, transformed into E. coli.

A catalytically inactive rat MASP-2A protein was generated by kinasing and annealing SEQ ID NO: 64 and SEQ ID NO: 65 by combining these two oligonucleotides in equal molar amounts, heating at 100°C for 2 minutes and slowly cooling to room temperature. The resulting annealed fragment has Pstl and Xbal compatible ends and was inserted in place of the Pstl-Xbal fragment of the wild-type rat MASP-2 cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 53) to generate rat MASP-2A.

-1182016204452 28 Jun 2016 'GAGGTGACGCAGGAGGGGCATTAGTGTTT 3' (SEQ ID NO: 64)

5' CTAGAAACACTAATGCCCCTCCTGCGTCACCTCTGCA 3' (SEQ ID NO: 65)

The human, murine and rat MASP-2A were each further subcloned into either of 5 the mammalian expression vectors pED or pCI-Neo and transfected into the Chinese

Hamster ovary cell line DXB1 as described below.

In another approach, a catalytically inactive form of MASP-2 is constructed using the method described in Chen et al., J. Biol. Chem., 276(28):25894-25902, 2001. Briefly, the plasmid containing the full-length human MASP-2 cDNA (described in Thiel et al.,

Nature 386:506, 1997) is digested with Xhoi and EcoRi and the MASP-2 cDNA (described herein as SEQ ID NO :4) is cloned into the corresponding restriction sites of the pFastBacl baculovirus transfer vector (Life Technologies, NY). The MASP-2 serine protease active site at Ser618 is then altered to Ala618 by substituting the doublestranded oligonucleotides encoding the peptide region amino acid 610-625 (SEQ ID

NO:13) with the native region amino acids 610 to 625 to create a MASP-2 full length polypeptide with an inactive protease domain. Construction of Expression Plasmids Containing Polypeptide Regions Derived from Human Masp-2

The following constructs are produced using the MASP-2 signal peptide (residues 1-15 of SEQ ID NO:5) to secrete various domains of MASP-2. A construct expressing the human MASP-2 CUBI domain (SEQ ID NO: 8) is made by PCR amplifying the region encoding residues 1-121 of MASP-2 (SEQ ID NO:6) (corresponding to the Nterminal CUBI domain). A construct expressing the human MASP-2 CUBIEGF domain (SEQ ID NO:9) is made by PCR amplifying the region encoding residues 1-166 of MASP-2 (SEQ ID NO:6) (corresponding to the N-terminal CUBIEGF domain). A construct expressing the human MASP-2 CUBIEGFCUBII domain (SEQ ID NO: 10) is made by PCR amplifying the region encoding residues 1-293 of MASP-2 (SEQ ID NO:6) (corresponding to the N-terminal CUBIEGFCUBII domain). The above mentioned domains are amplified by PCR using VentR polymerase and pBS-MASP-2 as a template, according to established PCR methods. The 5' primer sequence of the sense primer (5'-CGGGATCCATGAGGCTGCTGACCCTC-3' SEQ ID NO:34) introduces a £«/«HI restriction site (underlined) at the 5' end of the PCR products. Antisense primers for each of the MASP-2 domains, shown below in TABLE 5, are designed to introduce a stop codon (boldface) followed by an jEcoRI site (underlined) at the end of each PCR product.

-1192016204452 28 Jun 2016

Once amplified, the DNA fragments are digested with Βα/nHI and EcoRA and cloned into the corresponding sites of the pFastBacl vector. The resulting constructs are characterized by restriction mapping and confirmed by dsDNA sequencing.

TABLE 5: MASP-2 PCR PRJ	1MERS
MASP-2 domain	5' PCR Primer	3’ PCR Primer
SEQ ID NO:8 CUBI (aa 1-121 of SEQ ID NO:6)	5'CGGGATCCATGAG GCTGCTGACCCTC-3' (SEQIDNO:34)	5'GGAATTCCTAGGCTGCATA (SEQIDNO:35)
SEQIDNO:9 CUBIEGF (aa 1-166 of SEQIDNO:6)	5'CGGGATCCATGAG GCTGCTGACCCTC-3' (SEQIDNO:34)	5'GGAATTCCTACAGGGCGCT- 3' (SEQEDNO:36)
SEQ ID NO: 10 CUBIEGFCUBH (aa 1-293 ofSEQIDNO:6)	5'CGGGATCCATGAG GCTGCTGACCCTC-3’ (SEQIDNO:34)	5'GGAATTCCTAGTAGTGGAT 3’ (SEQIDNO:37)
SEQEDNO:4 human MASP-2	5'ATGAGGCTGCTGA CCCTCCTGGGCCTT C 3' (SEQ ID NO: 56) hMASP-2 forward	5'TTAAAATCACTAATTATGTT CTCGATC 3' (SEQ ED NO: 59) hMASP-2_reverse
SEQ ID NO:4 human MASP-2 cDNA	5'CAGAGGTGACGCA GGAGGGGCAC 3' (SEQ ID NO: 58) hMASP-2 ala forward	5'GTGCCCCTCCTGCGTCACCT CTG 3' (SEQ ID NO: 57) hMASP-2_ala_reverse
SEQEDNO:50 Murine MASP-2 cDNA	5'ATGAGGCTACTCA TCTTCCTGG3' (SEQ ID NO: 60) mMASP- 2 forward	5'TTAGAAATTACTTATTATGT TCTCAATCC3' (SEQ ID NO: 63) mMASP-2jreverse

-1202016204452 28 Jun 2016

MASP-2 domain	5' PCR Primer	3'PCR Primer
SEQ ID NO:50 Murine MASP-2 cDNA	5'CCCCCCCTGCGTC ACCTCTGCAG3' (SEQ ID NO: 62) mMASP-2 ala forward	5'CTGCAGAGGTGACGCAGGG GGGG 3' (SEQ ID NO: 61) mMASP-2_ala_reverse

Recombinant eukaryotic expression of MASP-2 and protein production of enzymatically inactive mouse, rat, and human MASP-2A

The MASP-2 and MASP-2A expression constructs described above were transfected into DXB1 cells using the standard calcium phosphate transfection procedure (Maniatis etal., 1989). MASP-2A was produced in serum-free medium to ensure that preparations were not contaminated with other serum proteins. Media was harvested from confluent cells every second day (four times in total). The level of recombinant MASP-2A averaged approximately 1.5 mg/liter of culture medium for each of the three species.

MASP-2A protein purification: The MASP-2A (Ser-Ala mutant described above) was purified by affinity chromatography on MBP-A-agarose columns. This strategy enabled rapid purification without the use of extraneous tags. MASP-2 A (100-200 ml of medium diluted with an equal volume of loading buffer (50 mM Tris-Cl, pH 7.5, containing 150 mM NaCl and 25 mM CaCl₂) was loaded onto an MBP-agarose affinity column (4 ml) pre-equilibrated with 10 ml of loading buffer. Following washing with a further 10 ml of loading buffer, protein was eluted in 1 ml fractions with 50 mM Tris-Cl, pH 7.5, containing 1.25 M NaCl and 10 mM EDTA. Fractions containing the MASP-2A were identified by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Where necessary, MASP-2A was purified further by ion-exchange chromatography on a MonoQ column (HR 5/5). Protein was dialysed with 50 mM Tris-Cl pH 7.5, containing 50 mM NaCl and loaded onto the column equilibrated in the same buffer. Following washing, bound MASP-2 A was eluted with a 0.05-1 M NaCl gradient over 10 ml.

Results: Yields of 0.25-0.5 mg of MASP-2A protein were obtained from 200 ml of medium. The molecular mass of 77.5 kDa determined by MALDI-MS is greater than the calculated value of the unmodified polypeptide (73.5 kDa) due to glycosylation.

-1212016204452 28 Jun 2016

Attachment of glycans at each of the /V-glycosylation sites accounts for the observed mass. MASP-2A migrates as a single band on SDS-polyacrylamide gels, demonstrating that it is not proteolytically processed during biosynthesis. The weight-average molecular mass determined by equilibrium ultracentri&gation is in agreement with the calculated value for homodimers of the glycosylated polypeptide.

PRODUCTION OF RECOMBINANT HUMAN MASP-2 POLYPEPTIDES Another method for producing recombinant MASP-2 and MASP2A derived polypeptides is described in Thielens, N.M., etal., J. Immunol. 166:5068-5077, 2001. Briefly, the Spodoptera frugiperda insect cells (Ready-Plaque Sf9 cells obtained from

Novagen, Madison, WI) are grown and maintained in SfPOOII serum-free medium (Life Technologies) supplemented with 50 IU/ml penicillin and 50 mg/ml streptomycin (Life Technologies). The Trichoplusia ni (High Five) insect cells (provided by Jadwiga Chroboczek, Institut de Biologie Structurale, Grenoble, France) are maintained in TCI00 medium (Life Technologies) containing 10% FCS (Dominique Dutscher, Brumath,

France) supplemented with 50 IU/ml penicillin and 50 mg/ml streptomycin. Recombinant baculoviruses are generated using the Bac-to-Bac system (Life Technologies). The bacmid DNA is purified using the Qiagen midiprep purification system (Qiagen) and is used to transfect Sf9 insect cells using cellfectin in Sf900 II SFM medium (Life Technologies) as described in the manufacturer's protocol. Recombinant virus particles are collected 4 days later, titrated by virus plaque assay, and amplified as described by King and Possee, in The Baculovirus Expression System: A Laboratory Guide, Chapman and Hall Ltd., London, pp. 111-114,1992.

High Five cells (1.75 χ 10⁷ cells/175-cm² tissue culture flask) are infected with the recombinant viruses containing MASP-2 polypeptides at a multiplicity of infection of 2 in

Sf900 II SFM medium at 28°C for 96 h. The supernatants are collected by centrifugation and diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate is added to a final concentration of 1 mM.

The MASP-2 polypeptides are secreted in the culture medium. The culture supernatants are dialyzed against 50 mM NaCl, 1 mM CaCl₂, 50 mM triethanolamine hydrochloride, pH 8.1, and loaded at 1.5 ml/min onto a Q-Sepharose Fast Flow column (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech) (2.8 x 12 cm) equilibrated in the same buffer. Elution is conducted by applying al.2 liter linear gradient to 350 mM NaCl in the same buffer. Fractions containing the recombinant MASP-2 polypeptides are identified by Western blot analysis, precipitated by addition of (NH₄)₂SO₄ to 60% (w/v), and left overnight at

-1222016204452 28 Jun 2016

4°C. The pellets are resuspended in 145 mM NaCl, 1 mM CaCl₂, 50 mM triethanolamine hydrochloride, pH 7.4, and applied onto a TSK G3000 SWG column (7.5 x 600 mm) (Tosohaas, Montgomeryville, PA) equilibrated in the same buffer. The purified polypeptides are then concentrated to 0.3mg/ml by ultrafiltration on Microsep microconcentrators (m.w. cut-off = 10,000) (Filtron, Karlstein, Germany).

EXAMPLE 6

This example describes a method of producing polyclonal antibodies against MASP-2 polypeptides.

Materials and Methods:

MASP-2 Antigens: Polyclonal anti-human MASP-2 antiserum is produced by immunizing rabbits with the following isolated MASP-2 polypeptides: human MASP-2 (SEQ ID NO:6) isolated from serum as described in Example 4; recombinant human MASP-2 (SEQ ID NO:6), MASP-2A containing the inactive protease domain (SEQ ID

NO: 13), as described in Examples 4-5; and recombinant CUBI (SEQ ID NO:8),

CUBEGFI (SEQ ID NO:9), and CUBEGFCUBII (SEQ ID NO: 10) expressed as described above in Example 5.

Polyclonal antibodies: Six-week old Rabbits, primed with BCG (bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine) are immunized by injecting 100 pg of MASP-2 polypeptide at lOOpg/ml in sterile saline solution. Injections are done every 4 weeks, with antibody titer monitored by ELISA assay as described in Example 7. Culture supernatants are collected for antibody purification by protein A affinity chromatography.

EXAMPLE 7

This example describes a method for producing murine monoclonal antibodies against rat or human MASP-2 polypeptides.

Materials and Methods:

Male A/J mice (Harlan, Houston, Tex.), 8-12 weeks old, are injected subcutaneously with 100 pg human or rat rMASP-2 or rMASP-2A polypeptides (made as described in Example 4 or Example 5) in complete Freund's adjuvant (Difco Laboratories, Detroit, Mich.) in 200 pi of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) pH 7.4. At two-week intervals the mice are twice injected subcutaneously with 50 pg of human or rat rMASP-2 or rMASP-2A polypeptide in incomplete Freund's adjuvant. On the fourth

-1232016204452 28 Jun 2016 week the mice are injected with 50 pg of human or rat rMASP-2 or rMASP-2 A polypeptide in PBS and are fused 4 days later.

For each fusion, single cell suspensions are prepared from the spleen of an immunized mouse and used for fusion with Sp2/0 myeloma cells. 5x10^ of the Sp2/0 and

5x10^ spleen cells are fused in a medium containing 50% polyethylene glycol (M.W. 1450) (Kodak, Rochester, N.Y.) and 5% dimethylsulfoxide (Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, Mo.). The cells are then adjusted to a concentration of 1.5x10$ spleen cells per 200 μΐ of the suspension in Iscove medium (Gibco, Grand Island, Ν.Υ.), supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, lOOunits/ml of penicillin, 100 pg/ml of streptomycin,

0.1 mM hypoxanthine, 0.4 pM aminopterin and 16 pM thymidine. Two hundred microliters of the cell suspension are added to each well of about twenty 96-well microculture plates. After about ten days culture supernatants are withdrawn for screening for reactivity with purified factor MASP-2 in an ELISA assay.

ELISA Assay: Wells of Immulon2 (Dynatech Laboratories, Chantilly, Va.) microtest plates are coated by adding 50 pi of purified hMASP-2 at 50 ng/ml or rat rMASP-2 (or rMASP-2A) overnight at room temperature. The low concentration of MASP-2 for coating enables the selection of high-affinity antibodies. After the coating solution is removed by flicking the plate, 200 pi of BLOTTO (non-fat dry milk) in PBS is added to each well for one hour to block the non-specific sites. An hour later, the wells are then washed with a buffer PBST (PBS containing 0.05% Tween 20). Fifty microliters of culture supernatants from each fusion well is collected and mixed with 50 pi of BLOTTO and then added to the individual wells of the microtest plates. After one hour of incubation, the wells are washed with PBST. The bound murine antibodies are then detected by reaction with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG (Fc specific) (Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories, West Grove, Pa.) and diluted at 1:2,000 in BLOTTO. Peroxidase substrate solution containing 0.1% 3,3,5,5 tetramethyl benzidine (Sigma, St. Louis, Mo.) and 0.0003% hydrogen peroxide (Sigma) is added to the wells for color development for 30 minutes. The reaction is terminated by addition of 50 pi of 2M H2SO4 per well. The Optical Density at 450 nm of the reaction mixture is read with a BioTek ELISA Reader (BioTek Instruments, Winooski, Vt.).

MASP-2 Binding Assay.

Culture supernatants that test positive in the MASP-2 ELISA assay described above can be tested in a binding assay to determine the binding affinity the MASP-2

-1242016204452 28 Jun 2016 inhibitory agents have for MASP-2. A similar assay can also be used to determine if the inhibitory agents bind to other antigens in the complement system.

Polystyrene microtiter plate wells (96-well medium binding plates, Coming Costar, Cambridge, MA) are coated with MASP-2 (20 ng/100 μΙ/well, Advanced

Research Technology, San Diego, CA) in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) pH 7.4 overnight at 4°C. After aspirating the MASP-2 solution, wells are blocked with PBS containing 1% bovine serum albumin (BSA; Sigma Chemical) for 2h at room temperature. Wells without MASP-2 coating serve as the background controls. Aliquots of hybridoma supernatants or purified anti-MASP-2 MoAbs, at varying concentrations in blocking solution, are added to the wells. Following a 2h incubation at room temperature, the wells are extensively rinsed with PBS. MASP-2-bound anti-MASP-2 MoAb is detected by the addition of peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG (Sigma Chemical) in blocking solution, which is allowed to incubate for lh at room temperature. The plate is rinsed again thoroughly with PBS, and 100 μΐ of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethyl benzidine (TMB) substrate (Kirkegaard and Perry Laboratories, Gaithersburg, MD) is added. The reaction of TMB is quenched by the addition of 100 μΐ of 1M phosphoric acid, and the plate is read at 450 nm in a microplate reader (SPECTRA MAX 250, Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, CA).

The culture supernatants from the positive wells are then tested for the ability to inhibit complement activation in a functional assay such as the C4 cleavage assay as described in Example 2. The cells in positive wells are then cloned by limiting dilution. The MoAbs are tested again for reactivity with hMASP-2 in an ELISA assay as described above. The selected hybridomas are grown in spinner flasks and the spent culture supernatant collected for antibody purification by protein A affinity chromatography.

EXAMPLE 8

This example describes the generation of a MASP-2-/- knockout mouse expressing human MASP-2 for use as a model in which to screen for MASP-2 inhibitory agents.

Materials and Methods: A MASP-2-/- mouse as described in Example 1 and a

MASP-2-/- mouse expressing a human MASP-2 transgene construct (human MASP-2 knock-in) as described in Example 3 are crossed, and progeny that are murine MASP-1252016204452 28 Jun 2016

2-/-, murine MAp 19+, human MASP-2+ are used to identify human MASP-2 inhibitory agents.

Such animal models can be used as test substrates for the identification and efficacy of MASP-2 inhibitory agents such as human anti-MASP-2 antibodies, MASP-2 inhibitory peptides and nonpeptides, and compositions comprising MASP-2 inhibitory agents. For example, the animal model is exposed to a compound or agent that is known to trigger MASP-2-dependent complement activation, and a MASP-2 inhibitory agent is administered to the animal model at a sufficient time and concentration to elicit a reduction of disease symptoms in the exposed animal.

In addition, the murine MASP-2-/-, MAp 19+, human MASP-2+ mice may be used to generate cell lines containing one or more cell types involved in a MASP-2associated disease which can be used as a cell culture model for that disorder. The generation of continuous cell lines from transgenic animals is well known in the art, for example see Small, J.A., et al., Mol. Cell Biol., 5:642-48,1985.

EXAMPLE 9

This example describes a method of producing human antibodies against human MASP-2 in a MASP-2 knockout mouse that expresses human MASP-2 and human immunoglobulins.

Materials and Methods:

A MASP-2-/- mouse was generated as described in Example 1. A mouse was then constructed that expresses human MASP-2 as described in Example 3. A homozygous MASP-2-/- mouse and a MASP-2-/- mouse expressing human MASP-2 are each crossed with a mouse derived from an embryonic stem cell line engineered to contain targeted disruptions of the endogenous immunoglobulin heavy chain and light chain loci and expression of at least a segment of the human immunoglobulin locus. Preferably, the segment of the human immunoglobulin locus includes unrearranged sequences of heavy and light chain components. Both inactivation of endogenous immunoglobulin genes and introduction of exogenous immunoglobulin genes can be achieved by targeted homologous recombination. The transgenic mammals resulting from this process are capable of functionally rearranging the immunoglobulin component sequences and expressing a repertoire of antibodies of various isotypes encoded by human immunoglobulin genes, without expressing endogenous immunoglobulin genes.

-1262016204452 28 Jun 2016

The production and properties of mammals having these properties is described, for example see Thomson, A.D., Nature 148:1547-1553, 1994, and Sloane, B.F., Nature Biotechnology 14:826, 1996. Genetically engineered strains of mice in which the mouse antibody genes are inactivated and functionally replaced with human antibody genes is commercially available (e.g., XenoMouse®, available from Abgenix, Fremont CA). The resulting offspring mice are capable of producing human MoAb against human MASP-2 that are suitable for use in human therapy.

EXAMPLE 10

This example describes the generation and production of humanized murine antiMASP-2 antibodies and antibody fragments.

A murine anti-MASP-2 monoclonal antibody is generated in Male A/J mice as described in Example 7. The murine antibody is then humanized as described below to reduce its immunogenicity by replacing the murine constant regions with their human counterparts to generate a chimeric IgG and Fab fragment of the antibody, which is useful for inhibiting the adverse effects of MASP-2-dependent complement activation in human subjects in accordance with the present invention.

1. Cloning of anti-MASP-2 variable region genes from murine hybridoma cells. Total RNA is isolated from the hybridoma cells secreting anti20 MASP-2 MoAb (obtained as described in Example 7) using RNAzol following the manufacturer's protocol (Biotech, Houston, Tex.). First strand cDNA is synthesized from the total RNA using oligo dT as the primer. PCR is performed using the immunoglobulin constant C region-derived 3' primers and degenerate primer sets derived from the leader peptide or the first framework region of murine Vjj or Vj£ genes as the 5' primers.

Anchored PCR is carried out as described by Chen and Platsucas (Chen, P.F., Scand. J. Immunol. 35:539-549, 1992). For cloning the Vj£ gene, double-stranded cDNA is prepared using a Notl-MAKl primer (5'-TGCGGCCGCTGTAGGTGCTGTCTTT-3' SEQ ID NO:38). Annealed adaptors ADI (5’-GGAATTCACTCGTTATTCTCGGA-3' SEQ ID NO:39) and AD2 (5'-TCCGAGAATAACGAGTG-3' SEQ ID NO:40) are ligated to both 5' and 3' termini of the double-stranded cDNA. Adaptors at the 3' ends are removed by Notl digestion. The digested product is then used as the template in PCR with the ADI oligonucleotide as the 5' primer and MAK2 (5CATTGAAAGCTTTGGGGTAGAAGTTGTTC-3' SEQ ID NO:41) as the 3' primer.

-1272016204452 28 Jun 2016

DNA fragments of approximately 500 bp are cloned into pUC19. Several clones are selected for sequence analysis to verify that the cloned sequence encompasses the expected murine immunoglobulin constant region. The Not 1-MAKI and MAK2 oligonucleotides are derived from the Vj£ region and are 182 and 84 bp, respectively, downstream from the first base pair of the C kappa gene. Clones are chosen that include the complete Vj^ and leader peptide.

For cloning the Vjj gene, double-stranded cDNA is prepared using the Notl

MAGI primer (5’-CGCGGCCGCAGCTGCTCAGAGTGTAGA-3’ SEQ ID NO:42). Annealed adaptors ADI and AD2 are ligated to both 5' and 3' termini of the double10 stranded cDNA. Adaptors at the 3' ends are removed by Notl digestion. The digested product are used as the template in PCR with the ADI oligonucleotide and MAG2 (5CGGTAAGCTTCACTGGCTCAGGGAAATA-3' SEQ ID NO:43) as primers. DNA fragments of 500 to 600 bp in length are cloned into pUC19. The Notl-MAGl and MAG2 oligonucleotides are derived from the murine Cy.7.1 region, and are 180 and

93 bp, respectively, downstream from the first bp of the murine Cy.7.1 gene. Clones are chosen that encompass the complete Vjj and leader peptide.

2. Construction of Expression Vectors for Chimeric MASP-2 IgG and Fab. The cloned Vyj and genes described above are used as templates in a PCR reaction to add the Kozak consensus sequence to the 5' end and the splice donor to the 3' end of the nucleotide sequence. After the sequences are analyzed to confirm the absence of PCR errors, the Vyj and Vg; genes are inserted into expression vector cassettes containing human C.yl and C. kappa respectively, to give pSV2neoVjj-huCyl and pSV2neoV-huCy. CsCl gradient-purified plasmid DNAs of the heavy- and light-chain vectors are used to transfect COS cells by electroporation. After 48 hours, the culture supernatant is tested by ELISA to confirm the presence of approximately 200 ng/ml of chimeric IgG. The cells are harvested and total RNA is prepared. First strand cDNA is synthesized from the total RNA using oligo dT as the primer. This cDNA is used as the template in PCR to generate the Fd and kappa DNA fragments. For the Fd gene, PCR is carried out using 5'-AAGAAGCTTGCCGCCACCATGGATTGGCTGTGGAACT-3' (SEQ ID NO:44) as the 5' primer and a CHI-derived 3' primer (5'CGGGATCCTCAAACTTTCTTGTCCACCTTGG-3' SEQ ID NO:45). The DNA sequence is confirmed to contain the complete Vjj and the CHI domain of human IgGl. After digestion with the proper enzymes, the Fd DNA fragments are inserted at the

-1282016204452 28 Jun 2016

Hindlll and BamHI restriction sites of the expression vector cassette pSV2dhfr-TUS to give pSV2dhfrFd. The pSV2 plasmid is commercially available and consists of DNA segments from various sources: pBR322 DNA (thin line) contains the pBR322 origin of DNA replication (pBR ori) and the lactamase ampicillin resistance gene (Amp); SV40

DNA, represented by wider hatching and marked, contains the SV40 origin of DNA replication (SV40 ori), early promoter (5' to the dhfr and neo genes), and polyadenylation signal (3' to the dhfr and neo genes). The SV40-derived polyadenylation signal (pA) is also placed at the 3' end of the Fd gene.

For the kappa gene, PCR is carried out using 5'10 AAGAAAGCTTGCCGCCACCATGTTCTCACTAGCTCT-3' (SEQ ID NO:46) as the 5' primer and a C_K-derived 3' primer (5’-CGGGATCCTTCTCCCTCTAACACTCT-3' SEQ ID NO:47). DNA sequence is confirmed to contain the complete Vj^ and human Cj^ regions. After digestion with proper restriction enzymes, the kappa DNA fragments are inserted at the Hindlll and BamHI restriction sites of the expression vector cassette pSV2neo-TUS to give pSV2neoK. The expression of both Fd and .kappa genes are driven by the HCMV-derived enhancer and promoter elements. Since the Fd gene does not include the cysteine amino acid residue involved in the inter-chain disulfide bond, this recombinant chimeric Fab contains non-covalently linked heavy- and light-chains. This chimeric Fab is designated as cFab.

To obtain recombinant Fab with an inter-heavy and light chain disulfide bond, the above Fd gene may be extended to include the coding sequence for additional 9 amino acids (EPKSCDKTH SEQ ID NO:48) from the hinge region of human IgGl. The BstEII-BamHI DNA segment encoding 30 amino acids at the 3' end of the Fd gene may be replaced with DNA segments encoding the extended Fd, resulting in pSV2dhfrFd/9aa.

3. Expression and Purification of Chimeric Anti-MASP-2 IgG

To generate cell lines secreting chimeric anti-MASP-2 IgG, NSO cells are transfected with purified plasmid DNAs of pSV2neoVfj-huC.yl and pSV2neoV-huC kappa by electroporation. Transfected cells are selected in the presence of 0.7 mg/ml G418. Cells are grown in a 250 ml spinner flask using serum-containing medium.

Culture supernatant of 100 ml spinner culture is loaded on a 10-ml PROSEP-A column (Bioprocessing, Inc., Princeton, N.J.). The column is washed with 10 bed volumes of PBS. The bound antibody is eluted with 50 mM citrate buffer, pH 3.0. Equal volume of 1 M Hepes, pH 8.0 is added to the fraction containing the purified antibody to

-1292016204452 28 Jun 2016 adjust the pH to 7.0. Residual salts are removed by buffer exchange with PBS by Millipore membrane ultrafiltration (M.W. cut-off: 3,000). The protein concentration of the purified antibody is determined by the BCA method (Pierce).

4. Expression and purification of chimeric anti-MASP-2 Fab

To generate cell lines secreting chimeric anti-MASP-2 Fab, CHO cells are transfected with purified plasmid DNAs of pSV2dhfrFd (or pSV2dhfrFd/9aa) and pSV2neokappa, by electroporation. Transfected cells are selected in the presence of G418 and methotrexate. Selected cell lines are amplified in increasing concentrations of methotrexate. Cells are single-cell subcloned by limiting dilution. High-producing single-cell subcloned cell lines are then grown in 100 ml spinner culture using serum-free medium.

Chimeric anti-MASP-2 Fab is purified by affinity chromatography using a mouse anti-idiotypic MoAb to the MASP-2 MoAb. An anti-idiotypic MASP-2 MoAb can be made by immunizing mice with a murine anti-MASP-2 MoAb conjugated with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and screening for specific MoAb binding that can be competed with human MASP-2. For purification, 100 ml of supernatant from spinner cultures of CHO cells producing cFab or cFab/9aa are loaded onto the affinity column coupled with an anti-idiotype MASP-2 MoAb. The column is then washed thoroughly with PBS before the bound Fab is eluted with 50 mM diethylamine, pH 11.5. Residual salts are removed by buffer exchange as described above. The protein concentration of the purified Fab is determined by the BCA method (Pierce).

The ability of the chimeric MASP-2 IgG, cFab, and cFAb/9aa to inhibit MASP-2dependent complement pathways may be determined by using the inhibitory assays described in Example 2.

EXAMPLE 11

This example describes an in vitro C4 cleavage assay used as a functional screen to identify MASP-2 inhibitory agents capable of blocking MASP-2-dependent complement activation via L-ficolin/P35, H-ficolin, M-ficolin or mannan.

C4 Cleavage Assay: A C4 cleavage assay has been described by Petersen, S.V., etal., J. Immunol. Methods 257:107, 2001, which measures lectin pathway activation resulting from lipoteichoic acid (LTA) from S. aureus which binds L-ficolin.

-1302016204452 28 Jun 2016

Reagents: Formalin-fixed 5. aureous (DSM20233) is prepared as follows: bacteria is grown overnight at 37°C in tryptic soy blood medium, washed three times with PBS, then fixed for 1 h at room temperature in PBS/0.5% formalin, and washed a further three times with PBS, before being resuspended in coating buffer (15 mM Na2Co3,

35 mM NaHCO₃, pH 9.6).

Assay: The wells of a Nunc MaxiSorb microtiter plate (Nalgene Nunc International, Rochester, NY) are coated with: 100 μΐ of formalin-fixed S. aureus DSM20233 (OD55Q = 0.5) in coating buffer with 1 ug of L-ficolin in coating buffer. After overnight incubation, wells are blocked with 0.1% human serum albumin (HSA) in

TBS (10 mM Tris-HCl, 140 mM NaCl, pH 7.4), then are washed with TBS containing 0.05% Tween 20 and 5 mM CaCl2 (wash buffer). Human serum samples are diluted in 20 mM Tris-HCl, 1 M NaCl, 10 mM CaCl₂, 0.05% Triton X-100, 0.1% HSA, pH 7.4, which prevents activation of endogenous C4 and dissociates the Cl complex (composed of Clq, Clr and Cis). MASP-2 inhibitory agents, including anti-MASP-2 MoAbs and inhibitory peptides are added to the serum samples in varying concentrations. The diluted samples are added to the plate and incubated overnight at 4°C. After 24 hours, the plates are washed thoroughly with wash buffer, then 0.1 pg of purified human C4 (obtained as described in Dodds, A.W., Methods Enzymol. 223:46, 1993) in 100 μΐ of 4 mM barbital, 145 mM NaCl, 2 mM CaCl·?, 1 mM MgCl2, pH 7.4 is added to each well. After 1.5 h at

37°C, the plates are washed again and C4b deposition is detected using alkaline phosphatase-conjugated chicken anti-human C4c (obtained from Immunsystem, Uppsala, Sweden) and measured using the colorimetric substrate p-nitrophenyl phosphate.

C4 Assay on mannan: The assay described above is adapted to measure lectin pathway activation via MBL by coating the plate with LSP and mannan prior to adding serum mixed with various MASP-2 inhibitory agents.

C4 assay on H-ficolin (Hakata Ag): The assay described above is adapted to measure lectin pathway activation via H-ficolin by coating the plate with LPS and Hficolin prior to adding serum mixed with various MASP-2 inhibitory agents.

EXAMPLE 12

The following assay demonstrates the presence of classical pathway activation in wild-type and MASP-2-/- mice.

-1312016204452 28 Jun 2016

Methods: Immune complexes were generated in situ by coating microtiter plates (Maxisorb, Nunc, cat. No. 442404, Fisher Scientific) with 0.1% human serum albumin in lOmM Tris, 140mM NaCl, pH 7.4 for 1 hours at room temperature followed by overnight incubation at 4°C with sheep anti whole serum antiserum (Scottish Antibody Production

Unit, Carluke, Scottland) diluted 1:1000 in TBS/tween/Ca²⁺. Serum samples were obtained from wild-type and MASP-2-/- mice and added to the coated plates. Control samples were prepared in which Clq was depleted from wild-type and MASP-2-/- serum samples. Clq-depleted mouse serum was prepared using protein-A-coupled Dynabeads (Dynal Biotech, Oslo, Norway) coated with rabbit anti-human Clq IgG (Dako, Glostrup,

Denmark), according to the supplier's instructions. The plates were incubated for 90 minutes at 37°C. Bound C3b was detected with a polyclonal anti-human-C3c Antibody (Dako A 062) diluted in TBS/tw/ Ca⁴^ at 1:1000. The secondary antibody is goat antirabbit IgG.

Results: FIGURE 9 shows the relative C3b deposition levels on plates coated with IgG in wild-type serum, MASP-2-/- serum, Clq-depleted wild-type and Clqdepleted MASP-2-/- serum. These results demonstrate that the classical pathway is intact in the MASP-2-/- mouse strain.

EXAMPLE 13

The following assay is used to test whether a MASP-2 inhibitory agent blocks the classical pathway by analyzing the effect of a MASP-2 inhibitory agent under conditions in which the classical pathway is initiated by immune complexes.

Methods: To test the effect of a MASP-2 inhibitory agent on conditions of complement activation where the classical pathway is initiated by immune complexes, triplicate 50 μΐ samples containing 90% NHS are incubated at 37°C in the presence of

10 pg/ml immune complex (IC) or PBS, and parallel triplicate samples (+/-IC) are also included which contain 200 nM anti-properdin monoclonal antibody during the 37°C incubation. After a two hour incubation at 37°C, 13 mM EDTA is added to all samples to stop further complement activation and the samples are immediately cooled to 5°C. The samples are then stored at -70°C prior to being assayed for complement activation products (C3a and sC5b-9) using ELISA kits (Quidel, Catalog Nos. A015 and A009) following the manufacturer's instructions.

-1322016204452 28 Jun 2016

EXAMPLE 14

This example demonstrates that the lectin-dependent MASP-2 complement activation system is activated in the ischemia/reperfusion phase following abdominal aortic aneurysm repair.

Experimental Rationale and Design: Patients undergoing abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair are subject to an ischemia-reperfusion injury, which is largely mediated by complement activation. We investigated the role of the MASP-2-dependent lectin pathway of complement activation in ischemia-reperfusion injury in patients undergoing AAA repair. The consumption of mannan-binding lectin (MBL) in serum was used to measure the amount of MASP-2-dependent lectin pathway activation that occurred during reperfusion.

Patient Serum Sample Isolation: A total of 23 patients undergoing elective infrarenal AAA repair and 8 control patients undergoing major abdominal surgery were included in this study.

For the patients under going AAA repair, systemic blood samples were taken from each patient's radial artery (via an arterial line) at four defined time points during the procedure: time point 1: induction of anaesthesia; time point 2: just prior to aortic clamping; time point 3: just prior to aortic clamp removal; and time point 4: during reperfusion.

For the control patients undergoing major abdominal surgery, systemic blood samples were taken at induction of anaesthesia and at two hours after the start of the procedure.

Assay for levels of MBL: Each patient plasma sample was assayed for levels of mannan-binding lectin (MBL) using ELISA techniques.

Results: The results of this study are shown in FIGURE 10, which presents a graph showing the mean percentage change in MBL levels (y axis) at each of the various time points (x axis). Starting values for MBL are 100%, with relative decreases shown thereafter. As shown in FIGURE 10, AAA patients (n=23) show a significant decrease in plasma MBL levels, averaging an approximate 41% decrease at time of ischemia/reperfusion following AAA. In contrast, in control patients (n=8) undergoing major abdominal surgery only a minor consumption of MBL was observed in the plasma samples.

-1332016204452 28 Jun 2016

The data presented provides a strong indication that the MASP-2-dependent lectin pathway of the complement system is activated in the ischemia/reperfusion phase following AAA repair. The decrease in MBL levels appears to be associated with ischaemia-reperfusion injury because the MBL levels drop significantly and rapidly when the clamped major vessel is reperfused after the end of the operation. In contrast, control sera of patients undergoing major abdominal surgery without a major ischemiareperfusion insult only show a slight decrease in MBL plasma levels. In view of the wellestablished contribution of complement activation in reperfusion injury, we conclude that activation of the MASP-2-dependent lectin pathway on ischemic endothelial cells is a major factor in the pathology of ischemia/reperfusion injury. Therefore, a specific transient blockade or reduction in the MASP-2-dependent lectin pathway of complement activation would be expected to have a significant beneficial therapeutic impact to improve the outcome of clinical procedures and diseases that involve a transient ischemic insult, e.g., myocardial infarction, gut infarction, bums, transplantation and stroke.

EXAMPLE 15

This example describes the use of the MASP-2-/- strain as an animal model for testing MASP-2 inhibitory agents useful to treat Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Background and Rationale: Murine Arthritis Model: K/BxN T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic (tg) mice, is a recently developed model of inflammatory arthritis (Kouskoff, V., etal., Cell 87:811-822, 1996; Korganow, A.S., etal., Immunity 10:451461, 1999; Matsumoto, I., etal., Science 286:1732-1735, 1999; Maccioni M. etal., J. Exp. Med. 195(8):1071-1077, 2002). The K/BxN mice spontaneously develop an autoimmune disease with most of the clinical, histological and immunological features of

RA in humans (Ji, H., et al., Immunity 16:157-168, 2002). The murine disorder is joint specific, but is initiated then perpetuated by T, then B cell autoreactivity to glucose-6phosphate isomerase (GPI), a ubiquitously expressed antigen. Further, transfer of serum (or purified anti-GPI Igs) from arthritic K/BxN mice into healthy animals provokes arthritis within several days. It has also been shown that polyclonal anti-GPI antibodies or a pool of anti-GPI monoclonal antibodies of the IgGl isotype induce arthritis when injected into healthy recipients (Maccioni et al., 2002). The murine model is relevant to human RA, because serum from RA patients has also been found to contain anti-GPI antibodies, which is not found in normal individuals. A C5-deficient mouse was tested in

-1342016204452 28 Jun 2016 this system and found to block the development of arthritis (Ji, H., et al., 2002, supra). There was also strong inhibition of arthritis in C3 null mice, implicating the alternative pathway, however, MBP-A null mice did develop arthritis. In mice however, the presence of MBP-C may compensate for the loss of MBP-A.

Based on the observations described herein that MASP-2 plays an essential role in the initiation of both the lectin and alternative pathways, the K/BxN arthritic model is useful to screen for MASP-2 inhibitory agents that are effective for use as a therapeutic agents to treat RA.

Methods: Serum from arthritic K/BxN mice is obtained at 60 days of age, pooled and injected (150-200 μΐ i.p.) into MASP-2-/- recipients (obtained as described in Example 1); and control littermates with or without MASP-2 inhibitory agents (MoAb, inhibitory peptides and the like as described herein) at days 0 and 2. A group of normal mice are also pretreated with a MASP-2 inhibitory agent for two days prior to receiving the injection of serum. A further group of mice receive an injection of serum at day 0, followed by a MASP-2 inhibitory agent at day 6. A clinical index is evaluated over time with one point scored for each affected paw, % point scored for a paw with only mild swelling. Ankle thickness is also measured by a caliper (thickness is defined as the difference from day 0 measurement).

EXAMPLE 16

This example describes an assay for inhibition of complement-mediated tissue damage in an ex vivo model of rabbit hearts perfused with human plasma.

Background and Rationale: Activation of the complement system contributes to hyperacute rejection of xenografts. Previous studies have shown that hyperacute rejection can occur in the absence of anti-donor antibodies via activation of the alternative pathway (Johnston, P.S., et al., Transplant Proc. 23:877-879,1991).

Methods: To determine whether isolated anti-MASP-2 inhibitory agents such as anti-MASP-2 antibodies obtained as described in Example 7 are able to inhibit complement pathway in tissue damage, the anti-MASP-2 MoAbs and antibody fragments may be tested using an ex vivo model in which isolated rabbit hearts are perfused with diluted human plasma. This model was previously shown to cause damage to the rabbit myocardium due to the activation of the alternative complement pathway (Gralinski, M.R., et al., Immunopharmacology 34:79-88,1996).

-1352016204452 28 Jun 2016

EXAMPLE 17

This example describes an assay that measures neutrophil activation which is useful as a measure of an effective dose of a MASP-2 inhibitory agent for the treatment of conditions associated with the lectin-dependent pathway in accordance with the methods of the invention.

Methods: A method for measuring neutrophil elastase has been described in Gupta-Bansal, R., et al., Molecular Immunol. 37:191-201, 2000. Briefly, the complex of elastase and serum α 1-antitrypsin is measured with a two-site sandwich assay that utilizes antibodies against both elastase and 04-antitrypsin. Polystyrene microtiter plates are coated with a 1:500 dilution of anti-human elastase antibody (The Binding Site, Birmingham, UK) in PBS overnight at 4°C. After aspirating the antibody solution, wells are blocked with PBS containing 0.4% HAS for 2 h at room temperature. Aliquots (100 μΐ) of plasma samples that are treated with or without a MASP-2 inhibitory agent are added to the wells. Following a 2h incubation at room temperature, the wells are extensively rinsed with PBS. Bound elastase-aj-antitrypsin complex is detected by the addition of a 1:500 dilution of peroxidase conjugated- aj-antitrypsin antibody in blocking solution that is allowed to incubate for 1 h at room temperature. After washing the plate with PBS, 100 μΐ aliquots of TMB substrate are added. The reaction of TMB is quenched by the addition of 100 μΐ of phosphoric acid, and the plate is read at 450 nm in a microplate reader.

EXAMPLE 18

This example describes an animal model for testing MASP-2 inhibitory agents useful to treat myocardial ischemia/reperfusion.

Methods: A myocardial ischemia-reperfusion model has been described by

Vakeva etal., Circulation 97:2259-2267, 1998, and Jordan etal., Circulation 104(12):1413-1418, 2001. The described model may be modified for use in MASP-2-/and MASP-2+/+ mice as follows. Briefly, adult male mice are anesthetized. Jugular vein and trachea are cannulated and ventilation is maintained with 100% oxygen with a rodent ventilator adjusted to maintain exhaled CO2 between 3.5% and 5%. A left thoracotomy is performed and a suture is placed 3 to 4 mm from the origin of the left coronary artery.

Five minutes before ischemia, animals are given a MASP-2 inhibitory agent, such as antiMASP-2 antibodies (e.g., in a dosage range of between .01 to lOmg/kg). Ischemia is

-1362016204452 28 Jun 2016 then initiated by tightening the suture around the coronary artery and maintained for 30 minutes, followed by four hours of reperfusion. Sham-operated animals are prepared identically without tightening the suture.

Analysis of Complement C3 Deposition: After reperfusion, samples for 5 immunohistochemistry are obtained from the central region of the left ventricle, fixed and frozen at -80°C until processed. Tissue sections are incubated with an HRP-conjugated goat anti-rat C3 antibody. Tissue sections are analyzed for the presence of C3 staining in the presence of anti-MASP-2 inhibitory agents as compared with sham-operated control animals and MASP-2-/- animals to identify MASP-2 inhibitory agents that reduce C3 deposition in vivo.

EXAMPLE 19

This example describes the use of the MASP-2-/- strain as an animal model for testing MASP-2 inhibitory agents for the ability to protect transplanted tissue from ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Background/Rationale: It is known that ischemia/reperfusion injury occurs in a donor organ during transplantation. The extent of tissue damage is related to the length of ischemia and is mediated by complement, as demonstrated in various models of ischemia and through the use of complement inhibiting agents such as soluble receptor type 1 (CR1) (Weisman etal., Science 249:146-151, 1990; Mulligan etal., J. Immunol.

148:1479-1486, 1992; Pratt etal., Am. J. Path. 163(4):1457-1465, 2003). An animal model for transplantation has been described by Pratt etal., Am. J. Path. 163(4):14571465, which may be modified for use with the MASP-2-/- mouse model and/or for use as a MASP-2+/+ model system in which to screen MASP-2 inhibitory agents for the ability to protect transplanted tissue from ischemia/reperfusion injury. The flushing of the donor kidney with perfusion fluid prior to transplantation provides an opportunity to introduce anti-MASP-2 inhibitory agents into the donor kidney.

Methods: MASP-2-/- and/or MASP-2+/+ mice are anesthetized. The left: donor kidney is dissected and the aorta is ligated cephalad and caudad to the renal artery. A portex tube catheter (Portex Ltd, Hythe, UK) is inserted between the ligatures and the kidney is perfused with 5 ml of Soltran Kidney Perfusion Solution (Baxter Health Care,

UK) containing MASP-2 inhibitory agents such as anti-MASP-2 monoclonal antibodies (in a dosage range of from .01 mg/kg to 10 mg/kg) for a period of at least 5 minutes.

Renal transplantation is then performed and the mice are monitored over time.

-1372016204452 28 Jun 2016

Analysis of Transplant Recipients: Kidney transplants are harvested at various time intervals and tissue sections are analyzed using anti-C3 to determine the extent of C3 deposition.

EXAMPLE 20

This example describes the use of a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) animal model for testing MASP-2 inhibitory agents useful to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Background and Rationale: Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) represents an autoimmune polyarthritis inducible in susceptible strains of rodents and primates after immunization with native type II collagen and is recognized as a relevant model for human rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (see Courtney et al., Nature 283: 666 (1980); Trenthan etal., J. Exp. Med. 146: 857 (1977)). Both RA and CIA are characterized by joint inflammation, pannus formation and cartilage and bone erosion. The CIA susceptible murine strain DBA/lLacJ is a developed model of CIA in which mice develop clinically severe arthritis after immunization with Bovine type II collagen (Wang et al., J. Immunol. 164: 4340-4347 (2000). A C5-deficient mouse strain was crossed with DBA/lLacJ and the resulting strain was found to be resistant to the development of CIA arthritis (Wang et al., 2000, supra).

Based on the observations described herein that MASP-2 plays an essential role in the initiation of both the lectin and alternative pathways, the CIA arthritic model is useful to screen for MASP-2 inhibitory agents that are effective for use as therapeutic agents to treat RA.

Methods: A MASP-2-/- mouse is generated as described in Example 1. The MASP-2-/- mouse is then crossed with a mouse derived from the DBA/lLacJ strain (The

Jackson Laboratory). FI and subsequent offspring are intercrossed to produce homozygous MASP-2-/- in the DBA/lLacJ line.

Collagen immunization is carried out as described in Wang et al., 2000, supra. Briefly, wild-type DBA/lLacJ mice and MASP-2-/- DBA/lLacJ mice are immunized with Bovine type II collagen (BCII) or mouse type II collagen (MCII) (obtained from

Elastin Products, Owensville, MO), dissolved in 0.01 M acetic acid at a concentration of

4mg/ml. Each mouse is injected intradermally at the base of the tail with 200ug CII and lOOug mycobacteria. Mice are re-immunized after 21 days and are examined daily for

-1382016204452 28 Jun 2016 the appearance of arthritis. An arthritic index is evaluated over time with respect to the severity of arthritis in each affected paw.

MASP-2 inhibitory agents are screened in the wild-type DBA/lLacJ CIA mice by injecting a MASP-2 inhibitory agent such as anti-MASP-2 monoclonal antibodies (in a dosage range of from .01 mg/kg to 10 mg/kg) at the time of collagen immunization, either systemically, or locally at one or more joints and an arthritic index is evaluated over time as described above. Anti-hMASP-2 monoclonal antibodies as therapeutic agents can be easily evaluated in a MASP-2-/-, hMASP-+/+ knock-in DBA/lLacJ CIA mouse model.

EXAMPLE 21

This example describes the use of a (NZB/W) Fj animal model for testing MASP2 inhibitory agents useful to treat immune-complex mediated glomerulonephritis.

Background and Rationale: New Zealand black x New Zealand white (NZB/W) FI mice spontaneously develop an autoimmune syndrome with notable similarities to human immune-complex mediated glomerulonephritis. The NZB/W FI mice invariably succumb to glomerulonephritis by 12 months of age. As discussed above, it has been demonstrated that complement activation plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of immune-complex mediated glomerulonephritis. It has been further shown that the administration of an anti-C5 Mo Ab in the NZB/W FI mouse model resulted in significant amelioration of the course of glomerulonepthritis (Wang et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 93: 8563-8568 (1996)). Based on the observations described herein that MASP-2 plays an essential role in the initiation of both the lectin and alternative pathways, the NZB/W Fj animal model is useful to screen for MASP-2 inhibitory agents that are effective for use as therapeutic agents to treat glomerulonephritis.

Methods: A MASP-2-/- mouse is generated as described in Example 1. The

MASP-2-/- mouse is then seperately crossed with a mouse derived both from the NZB and the NZW strains (The Jackson Laboratory). FI and subsequent offspring are intercrossed to produce homozygous MASP-2-/- in both the NZB and NZW genetic backgrounds. To determine the role of MASP-2 in the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis in this model, the development of this disease in FI individuals resulting from crosses of either wild-type NZB x NZW mice or MASP-2-/-NZB x

MASP-2-/-NZW mice are compared. At weekly intervals urine samples will be collected from the MASP-2+/+ and MASP-2-/- F 1 mice and urine protein levels monitored for the

-1392016204452 28 Jun 2016 presence of anti-DNA antibodies (as described in Wang etal., 1996, supra).

Histopathological analysis of the kidneys is also carried out to monitor the amount of mesangial matrix deposition and development of glomerulonephritis.

The NZB/W FI animal model is also useful to screen for MASP-2 inhibitory 5 agents that are effective for use as therapeutic agents to treat glomerulonephritis. At 18 weeks of age, wild-type NZB/W FI mice are injected intraperitoneally with anti-MASP-2 inhibitory agents, such as anti-MASP-2 monoclonal antibodies (in a dosage range of from .01 mg/kg to 10 mg/kg) at a frequency of weekly or biweekly. The above-mentioned histopathological and biochemical markers of glomerulonephritis are used to evaluate disease development in the mice and to identify useful MASP-2 inhibitory agents for the treatment of this disease.

EXAMPLE 22

This example describes the use of a tubing loop as a model for testing MASP-2 15 inhibitory agents useful to prevent tissue damage resulting from extracorporeal circulation (ECC) such as a cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) circuit.

Background and Rationale: As discussed above, patients undergoing ECC during CPB suffer a systemic inflammatory reaction, which is partly caused by exposure of blood to the artificial surfaces of the extracorporeal circuit, but also by surface20 independent factors like surgical trauma and ischemia-reperfusion injuiy (Butler, J., et al., Ann. Thorac. Surg. 55:552-9, 1993; Edmunds, L.H., Ann. Thorac. Surg. 66(Suppl):S12-6, 1998; Asimakopoulos, G., Perfusion 14:269-77,1999). It has further been shown that the alternative complement pathway plays a predominant role in complement activation in CPB circuits, resulting from the interaction of blood with the artificial surfaces of the

CPB circuits (see Kirklin et al., 1983, 1986, discussed supra). Therefore, based on the observations described herein that MASP-2 plays an essential role in the initiation of both the lectin and alternative pathways, the tubing loop model is useful to screen for MASP-2 inhibitory agents that are effective for use as therapeutic agents to prevent or treat an extracorporeal exposure-triggered inflammatory reaction.

Methods: A modification of a previously described tubing loop model for cardiopulmonary bypass circuits is utilized (see Gong etal., J. Clinical Immunol.

16(4):222-229 (1996)) as described in Gupta-Bansal etal., Molecular Immunol. 37:191201 (2000). Briefly, blood is freshly collected from a healthy subject in a 7ml vacutainer

-1402016204452 28 Jun 2016 tube (containing 7 units of heparin per ml of whole blood). Polyethylene tubing similar to what is used during CPB procedures (e.g., I.D. 2.92 mm; O.D. 3.73 mm, length: 45 cm) is filled with 1ml of blood and closed into a loop with a short piece of silicone tubing. A control tubing containing heparinized blood with 10 mM EDTA was included in the study as a background control. Sample and control tubings were rotated vertically in a water bath for 1 hour at 37°C. After incubation, the blood samples were transferred into 1.7ml microfuge tubes containing EDTA, resulting in a final concentration of 20mM EDTA. The samples were centrifuged and the plasma was collected. MASP-2 inhibitory agents, such as anti-MASP-2 antibodies are added to the heparinized blood immediately before rotation. The plasma samples are then subjected to assays to measure file concentration C3a and soluble C5b-9 as described in Gupta-Bansal et al., 2000, supra.

EXAMPLE 23

This example describes the use of a rodent caecal ligation and puncture (CLP) 15 model system for testing MASP-2 inhibitory agents useful to treat sepsis or a condition resulting from sepsis, including severe sepsis, septic shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome resulting from sepsis and systemic inflammatory response syndrome.

Background and Rationale: As discussed above, complement activation has been shown in numerous studies to have a major role in the pathogenesis of sepsis (see Bone,

R.C., Annals. Internal. Med. 115:457-469, 1991). The CLP rodent model is a recognized model that mimics the clinical course of sepsis in humans and is considered to be a reasonable surrogate model for sepsis in humans (see Ward, P., Nature Review Immunology Vol 4: 133-142 (2004). A recent study has shown that treatment of CLP animals with anti-C5a antibodies resulted in reduced bacteremia and greatly improved survival Huber-Lang et al., J. of Immunol. 169: 3223-3231 (2002). Therefore, based on the observations described herein that MASP-2 plays an essential role in the initiation of both the lectin and alternative pathways, the CLP rodent model is useful to screen for MASP-2 inhibitory agents that are effective for use as therapeutic agents to prevent or treat sepsis or a condition resulting from sepsis.

Methods: The CLP model is adapted from the model described in Huber-Lang et al., 2004, supra as follows. MASP-2-/- and MASP-2+/+ animals are anesthetized. A

2cm midline abdominal incision is made and the cecum is tightly ligated below the ileocecal valve, avoiding bowel obstruction. The cecum is then punctured through and

-1412016204452 28 Jun 2016 through with a 21-gauge needle. The abdominal incision was then closed in layers with silk suture and skin clips (Ethicon, Summerville, NJ). Immediately after CLP, animals receive an injection of a MASP-2 inhibitory agent such as anti-MASP-2 monoclonal antibodies (in a dosage range of from .01 mg/kg to 10 mg/kg). Anti-hMASP-2 monoclonal antibodies as therapeutic agents can be easily evaluated in a MASP-2-/-, hMASP-+/+ knock-in CLP mouse model. The plasma of the mice are then analyzed for levels of complement-derived anaphylatoxins and respiratory burst using the assays described in Huber-Lang et al., 2004, supra.

While the preferred embodiment of the invention has been illustrated and described, it will be appreciated that various changes can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

-1421002052168

2016204452 12 Jan 2018

Claims (13)

1. THE CLAIMS DEFINING THE INVENTION ARE AS FOLLOWS:

   1. The use of a composition comprising a MASP-2 inhibitory agent in the manufacture of a medicament for inhibiting the adverse effects of MASP-2-dependent complement activation in the treatment of a subject suffering from a renal condition selected from the group consisting of

   5 mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis, membranous glomerulonephritis, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis), acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis (poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis), cryoglobulinemic glomerulonephritis, lupus nephritis, Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis and IgA nephropathy, wherein the MASP-2 inhibitory agent is a MASP-2 expression inhibitor that selectively inhibits

   0 MASP-2-dependent complement activation without substantially inhibiting Clq-dependent complement activation.
2. 2. The use of claim 1, wherein the MASP-2 expression inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of a MASP-2 antisense nucleic acid molecule, a MASP-2 ribozyme and a MASP-2 RNAi molecule.

   5 3. The use of claim 2, wherein the MASP-2 antisense nucleic acid molecule comprises at least one of an antisense RNA molecule, an antisense DNA molecule or an antisense oligonucleotide.

   4. The use of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the composition further comprises a pharmaceutical carrier.

   20 5. A method of inhibiting the adverse effects of MASP-2-dependent complement activation in the treatment of a subject suffering from a renal condition selected from the group consisting of mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis, membranous glomerulonephritis, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis), acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis (poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis), cryoglobulinemic

   25 glomerulonephritis, lupus nephritis, Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis and IgA nephropathy, comprising administration of a MASP-2 inhibitory agent, wherein the MASP-2 inhibitory agent is a MASP-2 expression inhibitor that selectively inhibits MASP-2-dependent complement activation without substantially inhibiting Clq-dependent complement activation.

   -1431002052168

   2016204452 12 Jan 2018

   6. The method of claim 5, wherein the MASP-2 expression inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of a MASP-2 antisense nucleic acid molecule, a MASP-2 ribozyme and a MASP-2 RNAi molecule.

   7. The method of claim 6, wherein the MASP-2 antisense nucleic acid molecule comprises 5 at least one of an antisense RNA molecule, an antisense DNA molecule or an antisense oligonucleotide.

   8. The method of any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the composition further comprises a pharmaceutical carrier.

   -1442016204452 28 Jun 2016

   1/13

   2016204452 28 Jun 2016

   2/13

   2016204452 28 Jun 2016 ε»5
3. 3/13 s<5 £

   g

   Of

   O\ ’—( »< 35 iSSOOSOi^

   I

   E domain EGF domain

   2016204452 28 Jun 2016
4. 4/13

   2016204452 28 Jun 2016
5. 5/13

   MASP-2 mSNA

   2016204452 28 Jun 2016
6. 6/13 uiuξ op ao

   2016204452 28 Jun 2016
7. 7/13 wusop ao log serum dilutions

   2016204452 28 Jun 2016
8. 8/13 ιιομν&ιρν pj ζάμυρ#

   2016204452 28 Jun 2016
9. 9/13 wusop ao

   2016204452 28 Jun 20
10. 10/13 wusop ao

    2016204452 28 Jun 201
11. 11/13

    UOIIVMIOV pj

    2016204452 28 Jun 2016
12. 12/13

    V-l wusop ao log plasma dilution

    2016204452 28 Jun 2016
13. 13/13 uopmiuoouoo jgjft ui aSump o/_o uvajfl

    Induction Pre-clamp Ischemia Reperfusion

    Fig. 10.

    2016204452 28 Jun 2016

    SEQUENCE LISTING <110> Omeros Corporation Schwaeble, H.W.

    Stover, C.M.

    Tedford, C. E.

    Parent, J.B.

    Fujita, T.

    <120> METHODS FOR TREATING CONDITIONS ASSOCIATED WITH MASP-2 DEPENDENT COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION <130> OMER-1-25400 <150> US 60/578,847 <151> 2004-06-10 <160> 65 <170> Patentln version 3.2 <210> 1 <211> 725 <212> DNA <213> Homo sapien <220>

    <221> CDS <222> (27)..(584) <400> 1 ggccaggcca gctggacggg cacacc atg agg ctg ctg acc etc ctg ggc ett 53

    Met Arg Leu Leu Thr Leu Leu Gly Leu 1 5

    ctg Leu 10 tgt Cys ggc teg gtg Val gcc acc ccc ttg ggc Pro Leu Gly ccg Pro 20 aag tgg cct Pro gaa Glu cct Pro 25 101 Gly Ser Ala 15 Thr Lys Trp gtg ttc ggg ege ctg gca tcc ccc ggc ttt cca ggg gag tat gcc aat 149 Val Phe Gly Arg Leu Ala Ser Pro Gly Phe Pro Gly Glu Tyr Ala Asn 30 35 40 gac cag gag egg ege tgg acc ctg act gca ccc ccc ggc tac ege ctg 197 Asp Gin Glu Arg Arg Trp Thr Leu Thr Ala Pro Pro Gly Tyr Arg Leu 45 50 55 ege etc tac ttc acc cac ttc gac ctg gag etc tcc cac etc tgc gag 245 Arg Leu Tyr Phe Thr His Phe Asp Leu Glu Leu Ser His Leu Cys Glu 60 65 70 tac gac ttc gtc aag ctg age teg ggg gcc aag gtg ctg gcc aeg ctg 293 Tyr Asp Phe Val Lys Leu Ser Ser Gly Ala Lys Val Leu Ala Thr Leu 75 80 85 1 tgc ggg cag gag age aca gac aeg gag egg gcc cct ggc aag gac act 341 Cys Gly Gin Glu Ser Thr Asp Thr Glu Arg Ala Pro Gly Lys Asp Thr 90 95 100 105 ttc tac teg ctg ggc tcc age ctg gac att acc ttc ege tcc gac tac 389 Phe Tyr Ser Leu Gly Ser Ser Leu Asp Ile Thr Phe Arg Ser Asp Tyr 110 115 120 tcc aac gag aag ccg ttc aeg ggg ttc gag gcc ttc tat gca gcc gag 437 Ser Asn Glu Lys Pro Phe Thr Gly Phe Glu Ala Phe Tyr Ala Ala Glu

    Page 1

    125

    130

    135

    485

    2016204452 28 Jun 2016

    gac Asp att Ile gac Asp 140 gag tgc cag Gln gtg Val gcc ccg gga Gly gag Glu gcg Ala ccc Pro 150 acc Thr tgc Cys gac Asp Glu Cys Ala 145 Pro cac cac tgc cac aac cac ctg ggc ggt ttc tac tgc tcc tgc cgc gca His His Cys His Asn His Leu Gly Gly Phe Tyr Cys Ser Cys Arg Ala 155 160 165 ggc tac gtc ctg cac cgt aac aag cgc acc tgc tea gag cag age etc Gly Tyr Val Leu His Arg Asn Lys Arg Thr Cys Ser Glu Gln Ser Leu 170 175 180 185

    tag cctcccctgg agctccggcc tgcccagcag gtcagaagcc agagccagcc tgctggcctc agctccgggt tgggctgaga tggctgtgcc ccaactccca ttcacccacc atggacccaa taataaacct ggccccaccc c <210> 2 <211> 185 <212> PRT <213> Homo sapien <400> 2

    533

    581

    634

    694

    725

    Met 1 Arg Leu Leu Thr 5 Leu Leu Gly Leu Leu 10 Cys Gly Ser Val Ala 15 Thr Pro Leu Gly Pro 20 Lys Trp Pro Glu Pro 25 Val Phe Gly Arg Leu 30 Ala Ser Pro Gly Phe 35 Pro Gly Glu Tyr Ala 40 Asn Asp Gln Glu Arg 45 Arg Trp Thr Leu Thr 50 Ala Pro Pro Gly Tyr 55 Arg Leu Arg Leu Tyr 60 Phe Thr His Phe Asp 65 Leu Glu Leu Ser His 70 Leu Cys Glu Tyr Asp 75 Phe Val Lys Leu Ser 80 Ser Gly Ala Lys Val 85 Leu Ala Thr Leu Cys 90 Gly Gln Glu Ser Thr 95 Asp Thr Glu Arg Ala 100 Pro Gly Lys Asp Thr 105 Phe Tyr Ser Leu Gly 110 Ser Ser Leu Asp Ile 115 Thr Phe Arg Ser Asp 120 Tyr Ser Asn Glu Lys 125 Pro Phe Thr Gly Phe 130 Glu Ala Phe Tyr Ala 135 Ala Glu Asp Ile Asp 140 Glu Cys Gln Val Ala 145 Pro Gly Glu Ala Pro 150 Thr Cys Asp His His 155 Cys His Asn His Leu 160

    Page 2 o

    <N

    2016204452 28 Jun

    Gly Gly Phe Tyr Cys 165 Ser Cys Arg Ala Gly Tyr Val 170 Leu His Arg 175 Asn Lys Arg Thr Cys Ser Glu Gin Ser Leu 180 185 <210> 3 <211> 170 <212> PRT <213> Homo sapien <400> 3 Thr Pro Leu Gly Pro Lys Trp Pro Glu Pro Val Phe Gly Arg Leu Ala 1 5 10 15 Ser Pro Gly Phe Pro Gly Glu Tyr Ala Asn Asp Gin Glu Arg Arg Trp 20 25 30 Thr Leu Thr Ala Pro Pro Gly Tyr Arg Leu Arg Leu Tyr Phe Thr His 35 40 45 Phe Asp Leu Glu Leu Ser His Leu Cys Glu Tyr Asp Phe Val Lys Leu 50 55 60 Ser Ser Gly Ala Lys Val Leu Ala Thr Leu Cys Gly Gin Glu Ser Thr 65 70 75 80 Asp Thr Glu Arg Ala Pro Gly Lys Asp Thr Phe Tyr Ser Leu Gly Ser 85 90 95 Ser Leu Asp Ile Thr Phe Arg Ser Asp Tyr Ser Asn Glu Lys Pro Phe 100 105 110 Thr Gly Phe Glu Ala Phe Tyr Ala Ala Glu Asp Ile Asp Glu Cys Gin 115 120 125 Val Ala Pro Gly Glu Ala Pro Thr Cys Asp His His Cys His Asn His 130 135 140 Leu Gly Gly Phe Tyr Cys Ser Cys Arg Ala Gly Tyr Val Leu His Arg 145 150 155 160 Asn Lys Arg Thr Cys Ser Glu Gin Ser Leu

    165 170

    <210> 4 <211> 2460 <212> DNA <213> Homo

    sapien

    Page 3

    2016204452 28 Jun 2016 <220>

    <221> CDS <222> (22)..(2082) <400> 4

    ggccagctgg acgggcacac c atg agg ctg Met Arg Leu ctg Leu acc Thr 5 etc Leu ctg Leu ggc Gly ett Leu ctg Leu 10 51 1 tgt ggc teg gtg gcc acc ccc ttg ggc ccg aag tgg cct gaa cct gtg 99 Cys Gly Ser Val Ala Thr Pro Leu Gly 15 Pro 20 Lys Trp Pro Glu Pro 25 Val ttc ggg ege ctg gca tcc ccc ggc ttt oca ggg gag tat gcc aat gac 147 Phe Gly Arg Leu Ala Ser Pro Gly Phe 30 35 Pro Gly Glu Tyr Ala 40 Asn Asp cag gag egg ege tgg acc ctg act gca ccc ccc ggc tac ege ctg ege 195 Gin Glu Arg 45 Arg Trp Thr Leu Thr Ala 50 Pro Pro Gly Tyr 55 Arg Leu Arg etc tac ttc acc cac ttc gac ctg gag etc tec cac etc tgc gag tac 243 Leu Tyr Phe 60 Thr His Phe Asp Leu Glu 65 Leu Ser His 70 Leu Cys Glu Tyr gac ttc gtc aag ctg age teg ggg gcc aag gtg ctg gcc aeg ctg tgc 291 Asp Phe Val 75 Lys Leu Ser Ser Gly Ala 80 Lys Val 85 Leu Ala Thr Leu Cys 90 ggg cag gag age aca gac aeg gag egg gcc cct ggc aag gac act ttc 339 Gly Gin Glu Ser Thr Asp Thr Glu Arg 95 Ala 100 Pro Gly Lys Asp Thr 105 Phe tac teg ctg ggc tec age ctg gac att acc ttc ege tec gac tac tec 387 Tyr Ser Leu Gly Ser Ser Leu Asp Ile 110 115 Thr Phe Arg Ser Asp 120 Tyr Ser aac gag aag ccg ttc aeg ggg ttc gag gcc ttc tat gca gcc gag gac 435 Asn Glu Lys 125 Pro Phe Thr Gly Phe Glu 130 Ala Phe Tyr Ala 135 Ala Glu Asp att gac gag tgc cag gtg gcc ccg gga gag geg ccc acc tgc gac cac 483 Ile Asp Glu 140 Cys Gin Val Ala Pro Gly 145 Glu Ala Pro 150 Thr Cys Asp His cac tgc cac aac cac ctg ggc ggt ttc tac tgc tec tgc ege gca ggc 531 His Cys His 155 Asn His Leu Gly Gly Phe 160 Tyr Cys 165 Ser Cys Arg Ala Gly 170 tac gtc ctg cac cgt aac aag ege acc tgc tea gcc ctg tgc tec ggc 579 Tyr Val Leu His Arg Asn Lys Arg Thr 175 Cys 180 Ser Ala Leu Cys Ser 185 Gly cag gtc ttc acc cag agg tet ggg'gag etc age age cct gaa tac cca 627 Gin Val Phe Thr Gin Arg Ser Gly Glu 190 195 Leu Ser Ser Pro Glu 200 Tyr Pro egg ccg tat ccc aaa etc tec agt tgc act tac age ate age ctg gag 675 Arg Pro Tyr 205 Pro Lys Leu Ser Ser Cys 210 Thr Tyr Ser Ile 215 Ser Leu Glu gag ggg ttc agt gtc att ctg gac ttt gtg gag tec ttc gat gtg gag 723 Glu Gly Phe 220 Ser Val Ile Leu Asp Phe 225 Val Glu Ser 230 Phe Asp Val Glu

    Page 4

    2016204452 28 Jun 2016

    aca Thr 235 cac His cct Pro gaa Glu acc Thr ctg Leu 240 tgt Cys ccc tac gac Asp ttt Phe 245 etc Leu aag Lys att lie caa Gln aca Thr 250 771 Pro Tyr gac aga gaa gaa cat ggc cca ttc tgt ggg aag aca ttg ccc cac agg 819 Asp Arg Glu Glu His 255 Gly Pro Phe Cys Gly 260 Lys Thr Leu Pro His 265 Arg att gaa aca aaa age aac aeg gtg acc ate acc ttt gtc aca gat gaa 867 Ile Glu Thr Lys 270 Ser Asn Thr Val Thr 275 Ile Thr Phe Val Thr 280 Asp Glu tea gga gac cac aca ggc tgg aag ate cac tac aeg age aca geg cag 915 Ser Gly Asp 285 His Thr Gly Trp Lys 290 Ile His Tyr Thr Ser 295 Thr Ala Gln cct tgc cct tat ccg atg geg cca cct aat ggc cac gtt tea cct gtg 963 Pro Cys 300 Pro Tyr Pro Met Ala 305 Pro Pro Asn Gly His 310 Val Ser Pro Val caa gcc aaa tac ate ctg aaa gac age ttc tec ate ttt tgc gag act 1011 Gln 315 Ala Lys Tyr Ile Leu 320 Lys Asp Ser Phe Ser 325 Ile Phe Cys Glu Thr 330 ggc tat gag ett ctg caa ggt cac ttg ccc ctg aaa tec ttt act gca 1059 Gly Tyr Glu Leu Leu 335 Gln Gly His Leu Pro 340 Leu Lys Ser Phe Thr 345 Ala gtt tgt cag aaa gat gga tet tgg gac egg cca atg ccc geg tgc age 1107 Val Cys Gln Lys 350 Asp Gly Ser Trp Asp 355 Arg Pro Met Pro Ala 360 Cys Ser att gtt gac tgt ggc cct cct gat gat eta ccc agt ggc ega gtg gag 1155 Ile Val Asp 365 Cys Gly Pro Pro Asp 370 Asp Leu Pro Ser Gly 375 Arg Val Glu tac ate aca ggt cct gga gtg acc acc tac aaa get gtg att cag tac 1203 Tyr Ile 380 Thr Gly Pro Gly Val 385 Thr Thr Tyr Lys Ala 390 Val Ile Gln Tyr age tgt gaa gag acc ttc tac aca atg aaa gtg aat gat ggt aaa tat 1251 Ser 395 Cys Glu Glu Thr Phe 400 Tyr Thr Met Lys Val 405 Asn Asp Gly Lys Tyr 410 gtg tgt gag get gat gga ttc tgg aeg age tec aaa gga gaa aaa tea 1299 Val Cys Glu Ala Asp 415 Gly Phe Trp Thr Ser 420 Ser Lys Gly Glu Lys 425 Ser etc cca gtc tgt gag cct gtt tgt gga eta tea gcc ege aca aca gga 1347 Leu Pro Val Cys 430 Glu Pro Val Cys Gly 435 Leu Ser Ala Arg Thr 440 Thr Gly ggg cgt ata tat gga ggg caa aag gca aaa cct ggt gat ttt cct tgg 1395 Gly Arg Ile 445 Tyr Gly Gly Gln Lys 450 Ala Lys Pro Gly Asp 455 Phe Pro Trp caa gtc ctg ata tta ggt gga acc aca gca gca ggt gca ett tta tat 1443 Gln Val 460 Leu Ile Leu Gly Gly 465 Thr Thr Ala Ala Gly 470 Ala Leu Leu Tyr gac aac tgg gtc eta aca get get cat gcc gtc tat gag caa aaa cat 1491 Asp 475 Asn Trp Val Leu Thr 480 Ala Ala His Ala Val 485 Tyr Glu Gln Lys His 490 gat gca tcc gcc ctg gac att ega atg ggc acc ctg aaa aga eta tea 1539 Asp Ala Ser Ala Leu Asp Ile Arg Met Gly Thr Leu Lys Arg Leu Ser

    Page 5

    495 500 505

    2016204452 28 Jun 2016

    cct Pro cat His tat Tyr aca Thr 510 caa Gln gcc Ala tgg Trp tct Ser gaa Glu 515 get Ala gtt Val ttt Phe ata Ile cat His 520 gaa Glu ggt Gly 1587 tat act cat gat get ggc ttt gac aat gac ata gca ctg att aaa ttg 1635 Tyr Thr His 525 Asp Ala Gly Phe Asp 530 Asn Asp Ile Ala Leu 535 Ile Lys Leu aat aac aaa gtt gta ate aat age aac ate aeg cct att tgt ctg cca 1683 Asn Asn 540 Lys Val Val Ile Asn 545 Ser Asn Ile Thr Pro 550 Ile Cys Leu Pro aga aaa gaa get gaa tcc ttt atg agg aca gat gac att gga act gca 1731 Arg 555 Lys Glu Ala Glu Ser 560 Phe Met Arg Thr Asp 565 Asp Ile Gly Thr Ala 570 tct gga tgg gga tta acc caa agg ggt ttt ett get aga aat eta atg 1779 Ser Gly Trp Gly Leu 575 Thr Gln Arg Gly Phe 580 Leu Ala Arg Asn Leu 585 Met tat gtc gac ata ccg att gtt gac cat caa aaa tgt act get gca tat 1827 Tyr Val Asp Ile 590 Pro Ile Val Asp His 595 Gln Lys Cys Thr Ala 600 Ala Tyr gaa aag cca ccc tat cca agg gga agt gta act get aac atg ett tgt 1875 Glu Lys Pro 605 Pro Tyr Pro Arg Gly 610 Ser Val Thr Ala Asn 615 Met Leu Cys get ggc tta gaa agt ggg ggc aag gac age tgc aga ggt gac age gga 1923 Ala Gly 620 Leu Glu Ser Gly Gly 625 Lys Asp Ser Cys Arg 630 Gly Asp Ser Gly ggg gca ctg gtg ttt eta gat agt gaa aca gag agg tgg ttt gtg gga 1971 Gly 635 Ala Leu Val Phe Leu 640 Asp Ser Glu Thr Glu 645 Arg Trp Phe Val Gly 650 gga ata gtg tcc tgg ggt tcc atg aat tgt ggg gaa gca ggt cag tat 2019 Gly Ile Val Ser Trp 655 Gly Ser Met Asn Cys 660 Gly Glu Ala Gly Gln 665 Tyr gga gtc tac aca aaa gtt att aac tat att ccc tgg ate gag aac ata 2067 Gly Val Tyr Thr 670 Lys Val Ile Asn Tyr 675 Ile Pro Trp Ile Glu 680 Asn Ile

    att agt gat ttt taa cttgcgtgtc tgcagtcaag gattcttcat ttttagaaat 2122

    Ile Ser Asp Phe

    685

    gcctgtgaag accttggcag cgacgtggct cgagaagcat tcatcattac tgtggacatg 2182 gcagttgttg ctccacccaa aaaaacagac tccaggtgag gctgctgtca tttctccact 2242 tgccagttta attccagcct tacccattga ctcaagggga cataaaccac gagagtgaca 2302 gtcatctttg cccacccagt gtaatgtcac tgctcaaatt acatttcatt accttaaaaa 2362 gccagtctct tttcatactg gctgttggca tttctgtaaa ctgcctgtcc atgctctttg 2422 tttttaaact tgttcttatt gaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaa 2460 <210> 5 <211> 686 <212> PRT

    Page 6

    2016204452 28 Jun 2016 <213> Homo sapien <400> 5

    Met 1 Arg Leu Leu Thr 5 Leu Leu Gly Leu Leu Cys 10 Gly Ser Val Ala Thr 15 Pro Leu Gly Pro Lys Trp Pro Glu Pro Val Phe Gly Arg Leu Ala Ser 20 25 30 Pro Gly Phe Pro Gly Glu Tyr Ala Asn Asp Gin Glu Arg Arg Trp Thr 35 40 45 Leu Thr Ala Pro Pro Gly Tyr Arg Leu Arg Leu Tyr Phe Thr His Phe 50 55 60 Asp Leu Glu Leu Ser His Leu Cys Glu Tyr Asp Phe Val Lys Leu Ser 65 70 75 80 Ser Gly Ala Lys Val Leu Ala Thr Leu Cys Gly Gin Glu Ser Thr Asp 85 90 95 Thr Glu Arg Ala Pro Gly Lys Asp Thr Phe Tyr Ser Leu Gly Ser Ser 100 105 110 Leu Asp Ile Thr Phe Arg Ser Asp Tyr Ser Asn Glu Lys Pro Phe Thr 115 120 125 Gly Phe Glu Ala Phe Tyr Ala Ala Glu Asp Ile Asp Glu Cys Gin Val 130 135 140 Ala Pro Gly Glu Ala Pro Thr Cys Asp His His Cys His Asn His Leu 145 150 155 160 Gly Gly Phe Tyr Cys Ser Cys Arg Ala Gly Tyr Val Leu His Arg Asn 165 170 175 Lys Arg Thr Cys Ser Ala Leu Cys Ser Gly Gin Val Phe Thr Gin Arg 180 185 190 Ser Gly Glu Leu Ser Ser Pro Glu Tyr Pro Arg Pro Tyr Pro Lys Leu 195 200 205 Ser Ser Cys Thr Tyr Ser Ile Ser Leu Glu Glu Gly Phe Ser Val Ile 210 215 220 Leu Asp Phe Val Glu Ser Phe Asp Val Glu Thr His Pro Glu Thr Leu 225 230 235 240 Cys Pro Tyr Asp Phe Leu Lys Ile Gin Thr Asp Arg Glu Glu His Gly 245 250 255

    Page 7

    2016204452 28 Jun 2016

    Pro Phe Cys Gly Lys 260 Thr Leu Pro His Arg Ile Glu Thr Lys Ser Asn 265 270 Thr Val Thr Ile Thr Phe Val Thr Asp Glu Ser Gly Asp His Thr Gly 275 280 285 Trp Lys Ile His Tyr Thr Ser Thr Ala Gln Pro Cys Pro Tyr Pro Met 290 295 300 Ala Pro Pro Asn Gly His Val Ser Pro Val Gln Ala Lys Tyr Ile Leu 305 310 315 320 Lys Asp Ser Phe Ser Ile Phe Cys Glu Thr Gly Tyr Glu Leu Leu Gln 325 330 335 Gly His Leu Pro Leu Lys Ser Phe Thr Ala Val Cys Gln Lys Asp Gly 340 345 350 Ser Trp Asp Arg Pro Met Pro Ala Cys Ser Ile Val Asp Cys Gly Pro 355 360 365 Pro Asp Asp Leu Pro Ser Gly Arg Val Glu Tyr Ile Thr Gly Pro Gly 370 375 380 Val Thr Thr Tyr Lys Ala Val Ile Gln Tyr Ser Cys Glu Glu Thr Phe 385 390 395 400 Tyr Thr Met Lys Val Asn Asp Gly Lys Tyr Val Cys Glu Ala Asp Gly 405 410 415 Phe Trp Thr Ser Ser Lys Gly Glu Lys Ser Leu Pro Val Cys Glu Pro 420 425 430 Val Cys Gly Leu Ser Ala Arg Thr Thr Gly Gly Arg Ile Tyr Gly Gly 435 440 445 Gln Lys Ala Lys Pro Gly Asp Phe Pro Trp Gln Val Leu Ile Leu Gly 450 455 460 Gly Thr Thr Ala Ala Gly Ala Leu Leu Tyr Asp Asn Trp Val Leu Thr 465 470 475 480 Ala Ala His Ala Val Tyr Glu Gln Lys His Asp Ala Ser Ala Leu Asp 485 490 495 Ile Arg Met Gly Thr Leu Lys Arg Leu Ser Pro His Tyr Thr Gln Ala

    500 505 510

    Page 8

    2016204452 28 Jun 2016

    Trp Ser Glu 515 Ala Val Phe Ile His 520 Glu Gly Tyr Thr His 525 Asp Ala Gly Phe Asp Asn Asp Ile Ala Leu Ile Lys Leu Asn Asn Lys Val Val Ile 530 535 540 Asn Ser Asn Ile Thr Pro Ile Cys Leu Pro Arg Lys Glu Ala Glu Ser 545 550 555 560 Phe Met Arg Thr Asp Asp Ile Gly Thr Ala Ser Gly Trp Gly Leu Thr 565 570 575 Gin Arg Gly Phe Leu Ala Arg Asn Leu Met Tyr Val Asp Ile Pro Ile 580 585 590 Val Asp His Gin Lys Cys Thr Ala Ala Tyr Glu Lys Pro Pro Tyr Pro 595 600 605 Arg Gly Ser Val Thr Ala Asn Met Leu Cys Ala Gly Leu Glu Ser Gly 610 615 620 Gly Lys Asp Ser Cys Arg Gly Asp Ser Gly Gly Ala Leu Val Phe Leu 625 630 635 640 Asp Ser Glu Thr Glu Arg Trp Phe Val Gly Gly Ile Val Ser Trp Gly 645 650 655 Ser Met Asn Cys Gly Glu Ala Gly Gin Tyr Gly Val Tyr Thr Lys Val 660 665 670 Ile Asn Tyr Ile Pro Trp Ile Glu Asn Ile Ile Ser Asp Phe

    675 680 685 <210> 6 <211> 671 <212> PRT

    <213> Homo sapien <400> 6 Thr 1 Pro Leu Gly Pro 5 Lys Trp Pro Glu Pro 10 Val Phe Gly Arg Leu 15 Ala Ser Pro Gly Phe Pro 20 Gly Glu Tyr Ala 25 Asn Asp Gin Glu Arg 30 Arg Trp Thr Leu Thr 35 Ala Pro Pro Gly Tyr 40 Arg Leu Arg Leu Tyr 45 Phe Thr His Phe Asp Leu Glu Leu Ser His Leu Cys Glu Tyr Asp Phe Val Lys Leu

    50 55 60

    Page 9

    2016204452 28 Jun 2016

    Ser Ser Gly Ala Lys Val Leu Ala Thr Leu Cys Gly Gln Glu Ser Thr 65 70 75 80 Asp Thr Glu Arg Ala Pro Gly Lys Asp Thr Phe Tyr Ser Leu Gly Ser 85 90 95 Ser Leu Asp Ile Thr Phe Arg Ser Asp Tyr Ser Asn Glu Lys Pro Phe 100 105 110 Thr Gly Phe Glu Ala Phe Tyr Ala Ala Glu Asp Ile Asp Glu Cys Gln 115 120 125 Val Ala Pro Gly Glu Ala Pro Thr Cys Asp His His Cys His Asn His 130 135 140 Leu Gly Gly Phe Tyr Cys Ser Cys Arg Ala Gly Tyr Val Leu His Arg 145 150 155 160 Asn Lys Arg Thr Cys Ser Ala Leu Cys Ser Gly Gln Val Phe Thr Gln 165 170 175 Arg Ser Gly Glu Leu Ser Ser Pro Glu Tyr Pro Arg Pro Tyr Pro Lys 180 185 190 Leu Ser Ser Cys Thr Tyr Ser lie Ser Leu Glu Glu Gly Phe Ser Val 195 200 205 Ile Leu Asp Phe Val Glu Ser Phe Asp Val Glu Thr His Pro Glu Thr 210 215 220 Leu Cys Pro Tyr Asp Phe Leu Lys Ile Gln Thr Asp Arg Glu Glu His 225 230 235 240 Gly Pro Phe Cys Gly Lys Thr Leu Pro His Arg Ile Glu Thr Lys Ser 245 250 255 Asn Thr Val Thr Ile Thr Phe Val Thr Asp Glu Ser Gly Asp His Thr 260 265 270 Gly Trp Lys Ile His Tyr Thr Ser Thr Ala Gln Pro Cys Pro Tyr Pro 275 280 285 Met Ala Pro Pro Asn Gly His Val Ser Pro Val Gln Ala Lys Tyr Ile 290 295 300 Leu Lys Asp Ser Phe Ser Ile Phe Cys Glu Thr Gly Tyr Glu Leu Leu 305 310 315 320 Gln Gly His Leu Pro Leu Lys Ser Phe Thr Ala Val Cys Gln Lys Asp

    Page 10

    2016204452 28 Jun 2016

    325 330 335 Gly Ser Trp Asp Arg Pro Met Pro Ala Cys Ser Ile Val Asp Cys Gly 340 345 350 Pro Pro Asp Asp Leu Pro Ser Gly Arg Val Glu Tyr Ile Thr Gly Pro 355 360 365 Gly Val Thr Thr Tyr Lys Ala Val Ile Gln Tyr Ser Cys Glu Glu Thr 370 375 380 Phe Tyr Thr Met Lys Val Asn Asp Gly Lys Tyr Val Cys Glu Ala Asp 385 390 395 400 Gly Phe Trp Thr Ser Ser Lys Gly Glu Lys Ser Leu Pro Val Cys Glu 405 410 415 Pro Val Cys Gly Leu Ser Ala Arg Thr Thr Gly Gly Arg Ile Tyr Gly 420 425 430 Gly Gln Lys Ala Lys Pro Gly Asp Phe Pro Trp Gln Val Leu Ile Leu 435 440 445 Gly Gly Thr Thr Ala Ala Gly Ala Leu Leu Tyr Asp Asn Trp Val Leu 450 455 460 Thr Ala Ala His Ala Val Tyr Glu Gln Lys His Asp Ala Ser Ala Leu 465 470 475 480 Asp Ile Arg Met Gly Thr Leu Lys Arg Leu Ser Pro His Tyr Thr Gln 485 490 495 Ala Trp Ser Glu Ala Val Phe Ile His Glu Gly Tyr Thr His Asp Ala 500 505 510 Gly Phe Asp Asn Asp Ile Ala Leu lie Lys Leu Asn Asn Lys Val Val 515 520 525 Ile Asn Ser Asn Ile Thr Pro lie Cys Leu Pro Arg Lys Glu Ala Glu 530 535 540 Ser Phe Met Arg Thr Asp Asp Ile Gly Thr Ala Ser Gly Trp Gly Leu 545 550 555 560 Thr Gln Arg Gly Phe Leu Ala Arg Asn Leu Met Tyr Val Asp Ile Pro 565 570 575 Ile Val Asp His Gln Lys Cys Thr Ala Ala Tyr Glu Lys Pro Pro Tyr

    580 585 590

    Page 11

    2016204452 28 Jun 2016

    Pro Arg Gly 595 Ser Val Thr Ala Asn 600 Met Leu Cys Ala Gly 605 Leu Glu Ser Gly Gly 610 Lys Asp Ser Cys Arg 615 Gly Asp Ser Gly Gly 620 Ala Leu Val Phe Leu 625 Asp Ser Glu Thr Glu 630 Arg Trp Phe Val Gly 635 Gly He Val Ser Trp 640 Gly Ser Met Asn Cys 645 Gly Glu Ala Gly Gin 650 Tyr Gly Val Tyr Thr 655 Lys Val He Asn Tyr 660 lie Pro Trp lie Glu 665 Asn He He Ser Asp 670 Phe

    <210> 7 <211> 4900 <212> DNA <213> Homo sapien <400> 7

    cctgtcctgc ctgcctggaa ctctgagcag gctggagtca tggagtcgat tcccagaatc 60 ccagagtcag ggaggctggg ggcaggggca ggtcactgga caaacagatc aaaggtgaga 120 ccagcgtagg actgcagacc aggccaggcc agctggacgg gcacaccatg aggtaggtgg 180 gcgccacagc ctccctgcag ggtgtggggt gggagcacag gcctgggcct caccgcccct 240 gccctgccca taggctgctg accctcctgg gccttctgtg tggctcggtg gccaccccct 300 taggcccgaa gtggcctgaa cctgtgttcg ggcgcctggc atcccccggc tttccagggg 360 agtatgccaa tgaccaggag cggcgctgga ccctgactgc accccccggc taccgcctgc 420 gcctctactt cacccacttc gacctggagc tctcccacct ctgcgagtac gacttcgtca 480 aggtgccgtc agacgggagg gctggggttt ctcagggtcg gggggtcccc aaggagtagc 540 cagggttcag ggacacctgg gagcaggggc caggcttggc caggagggag atcaggcctg 600 ggtcttgcct tcactccctg tgacacctga ccccacagct gagctcgggg gccaaggtgc 660 tggccacgct gtgcgggcag gagagcacag acacggagcg ggcccctggc aaggacactt 720 tctactcgct gggctccagc ctggacatta ccttccgctc cgactactcc aacgagaagc 780 cgttcacggg gttcgaggcc ttctatgcag ccgagggtga gccaagaggg gtcctgcaac 840 atctcagtct gcgcagctgg ctgtgggggt aactctgtct taggccaggc agccctgcct 900 tcagtttccc cacctttccc agggcagggg agaggcctct ggcctgacat catccacaat 960 gcaaagacca aaacagccgt gacctccatt cacatgggct gagtgccaac tctgagccag 1020 ggatctgagg acagcatcgc ctcaagtgac gcagggactg gccgggcgcg gcagctcacg 1080 cctgtaattc cagcactttg ggaggccgag gctggcttga taatttgagg gtcaggagtt 1140 caaggccagc cagggcaaca cggtgaaact ctatctccac taaaactaca aaaattagct 1200

    Page 12

    2016204452 28 Jun 2016

    gggcgtggtg gtgcgcacct ggaatcccag ctactaggga ggctgaggca ggagaattgc 1260 ttgaacctgc gaggtggagg ctgcagtgaa cagagattgc accactacac tccacctggg 1320 cgacagacta gactccgtct caaaaaacaa aaaacaaaaa ccacgcaggg ccgagggccc 1380 atttacaagc tgacaaagtg ggccctgcca gcgggagcgc tgcaggatgt ttgattttca 1440 gatcccagtc cctgcagaga ccaactgtgt gacctctggc aagtggctca atttctctgc 1500 tccttagaag ctgctgcaag ggttcagcgc tgtagccccg ccccctgggt ttgattgact 1560 cccctcatta gctgggtgac ctcggccgga cactgaaact cccactggtt taacagaggt 1620 gatgtttgca tctttctccc agcgctgctg ggagcttgca gcgaccctag gcctgtaagg 1680 tgattggccc ggcaccagtc ccgcacccta gacaggacct aggcctcctc tgaggtccac 1740 tctgaggtca tggatctcct gggaggagtc caggctggat cccgcctctt tccctcctga 1800 cggcctgcct ggccctgcct ctcccccaga cattgacgag tgccaggtgg ccccgggaga 1860 ggcgcccacc tgcgaccacc actgccacaa ccacctgggc ggtttctact gctcctgccg 1920 cgcaggctac gtcctgcacc gtaacaagcg cacctgctca ggtgagggag gctgcctggg 1980 ccccaacgca ccctctcctg ggatacccgg ggctcctcag ggccattgct gctctgccca 2040 ggggtgcgga gggcctgggc ctggacactg ggtgcttcta ggccctgctg cctccagctc 2100 cccttctcag ccctgcttcc cctctcagca gccaggctca tcagtgccac cctgccctag 2160 cactgagact aattctaaca tcccactgtg tacctggttc cacctgggct ctgggaaccc 2220 ctcatgtagc cacgggagag tcggggtatc taccctcgtt ccttggactg ggttcctgtt 2280 ccctgcactg ggggacgggc cagtgctctg gggcgtgggc agccccaccc tgtggcgctg 2340 accctgctcc cccgactcgg tttctcctct cggggtctct ccttgcctct ctgatctctc 2400 ttccagagca gagcctctag cctcccctgg agctccggct gcccagcagg tcagaagcca 2460 gagccaggct gctggcctca gctccgggtt gggctgagat gctgtgcccc aactcccatt 2520 cacccaccat ggacccaata ataaacctgg ccccacccca cctgctgccg cgtgtctctg 2580 gggtgggagg gtcgggaggc ggtggggcgc gctcctctct gcctaccctc ctcacagcct 2640 catgaacccc aggtctgtgg gagcctcctc catggggcca cacggtcctt ggcctcaccc 2700 cctgttttga agatggggca ctgaggccgg agaggggtaa ggcctcgctc gagtccaggt 2760 ccccagaggc tgagcccaga gtaatcttga accaccccca ttcagggtct ggcctggagg 2820 agcctgaccc acagaggaga caccctggga gatattcatt gaggggtaat ctggtccccc 2880 gcaaatccag gggtgattcc cactgcccca taggcacagc cacgtggaag aaggcaggca 2940 atgttggggc tcctcacttc ctagaggcct cacaactcaa atgcccccca ctgcagctgg 3000 gggtggggtg gtggtatggg atggggacca agccttcctt gaaggataga gcccagccca 3060 acaccccgcc ccgtggcagc agcatcacgt gttccagcga ggaaggagag caccagactc 3120 agtcatgatc actgttgcct tgaacttcca agaacagccc cagggcaagg gtcaaaacag 3180

    Page 13

    2016204452 28 Jun 2016

    gggaaagggg gtgatgagag atccttcttc cggatgttcc tccaggaacc agggggctgg 3240 ctggtcttgg ctgggttcgg gtaggagacc catgatgaat aaacttggga atcactgggg 3300 tggctgtaag ggaatttagg ggagctccga aggggccctt aggctcgagg agatgctcct 3360 ctcttttccc gaattcccag ggacccagga gagtgtccct tcttcctctt cctgtgtgtc 3420 catccacccc cgccccccgc cctggcagag ctggtggaac tcagtgctct agcccctacc 3480 ctggggttgc gactctggct caggacacca ccacgctccc tgggggtgtg agtgagggcc 3540 tgtgcgctcc atcccgagtg ctgcctgttt cagctaaagc ctcaaagcaa gagaaacccc 3600 ctctctaagc ggcccctcag ccatcgggtg ggtcgtttgg tttctgggta ggcctcaggg 3660 gctggccacc tgcagggccc agcccaaccc agggatgcag atgtcccagc cacatccctg 3720 tcccagtttc ctgctcccca aggcatccac cctgctgttg gtgcgagggc tgatagaggg 3780 cacgccaagt cactcccctg cccttccctc cttccagccc tgtgctccgg ccaggtcttc 3840 acccagaggt ctggggagct cagcagccct gaatacccac ggccgtatcc caaactctcc 3900 agttgcactt acagcatcag cctggaggag gggttcagtg tcattctgga ctttgtggag 3960 tccttcgatg tggagacaca ccctgaaacc ctgtgtccct acgactttct caaggtctgg 4020 ctcctgggcc cctcatcttg tcccagatcc tcccccttca gcccagctgc accccctact 4080 tcctgcagca tggcccccac cacgttcccg tcaccctcgg tgaccccacc tcttcaggtg 4140 ctctatggag gtcaaggctg gggcttcgag tacaagtgtg ggaggcagag tggggagggg 4200 caccccaatc catggcctgg gttggcctca ttggctgtcc ctgaaatgct gaggaggtgg 4260 gttacttccc tccgcccagg ccagacccag gcagctgctc cccagctttc atgagcttct 4320 ttctcagatt caaacagaca gagaagaaca tggcccattc tgtgggaaga cattgcccca 4380 caggattgaa acaaaaagca acacggtgac catcaccttt gtcacagatg aatcaggaga 4440 ccacacaggc tggaagatcc actacacgag cacagtgagc aagtgggctc agatccttgg 4500 tggaagcgca gagctgcctc tctctggagt gcaaggagct gtagagtgta gggctcttct 4560 gggcaggact aggaagggac accaggttta gtggtgctga ggtctgaggc agcagcttct 4620 aaggggaagc acccgtgccc tcctcagcag cacccagcat cttcaccact cattcttcaa 4680 ccacccattc acccatcact catcttttac ccacccaccc tttgccactc atccttctgt 4740 ccctcatcct tccaaccatt catcaatcac ccacccatcc atcctttgcc acacaaccat 4800 ccacccattc ttctacctac ccatcctatc catccatcct tctatcagca tccttctacc 4860 acccatcctt cgttcggtca tccatcatca tccatccatc 4900

    <210> 8 <211> 136 <212> PRT <213> Homo sapien <400> 8

    Page 14

    2016204452 28 Jun 2016

    Met 1 Arg Leu Leu Thr Leu Leu Gly Leu Leu Cys Gly Ser Val Ala Thr 15 5 10 Pro Leu Gly Pro Lys Trp Pro Glu Pro Val Phe Gly Arg Leu Ala Ser 20 25 30 Pro Gly Phe Pro Gly Glu Tyr Ala Asn Asp Gln Glu Arg Arg Trp Thr 35 40 45 Leu Thr Ala Pro Pro Gly Tyr Arg Leu Arg Leu Tyr Phe Thr His Phe 50 55 60 Asp Leu Glu Leu Ser His Leu Cys Glu Tyr Asp Phe Val Lys Leu Ser 65 70 75 80 Ser Gly Ala Lys Val Leu Ala Thr Leu Cys Gly Gln Glu Ser Thr Asp 85 90 95 Thr Glu Arg Ala Pro Gly Lys Asp Thr Phe Tyr Ser Leu Gly Ser Ser 100 105 110 Leu Asp Ile Thr Phe Arg Ser Asp Tyr Ser Asn Glu Lys Pro Phe Thr 115 120 125 Gly Phe Glu Ala Phe Tyr Ala Ala 130 135 <2io> : 9 <2ii> : 181 <212> : PRT <213> ) Homo sapien <400> ! 9 Met Arg Leu Leu Thr Leu Leu Gly Leu Leu Cys Gly Ser Val Ala Thr 1 5 10 15 Pro Leu Gly Pro Lys Trp Pro Glu Pro Val Phe Gly Arg Leu Ala Ser 20 25 30 Pro Gly Phe Pro Gly Glu Tyr Ala Asn Asp Gln Glu Arg Arg Trp Thr 35 40 45 Leu Thr Ala Pro Pro Gly Tyr Arg Leu Arg Leu Tyr Phe Thr His Phe 50 55 60 Asp Leu Glu Leu Ser His Leu Cys Glu Tyr Asp Phe Val Lys Leu Ser 65 70 75 80 Ser Gly Ala Lys Val Leu Ala Thr Leu Cys Gly Gln Glu Ser Thr Asp 85 90 95

    Page 15

    2016204452 28 Jun 2016

    Thr Glu Arg Ala Pro Gly Lys Asp Thr Phe Tyr Ser Leu Gly Ser Ser 100 105 110 Leu Asp Ile Thr Phe Arg Ser Asp Tyr Ser Asn Glu Lys Pro Phe Thr 115 120 125 Gly Phe Glu Ala Phe Tyr Ala Ala Glu Asp Ile Asp Glu Cys Gln Val 130 135 140 Ala Pro Gly Glu Ala Pro Thr Cys Asp His His Cys His Asn His Leu 145 150 155 160 Gly Gly Phe Tyr Cys Ser Cys Arg Ala Gly Tyr Val Leu His Arg Asn 165 170 175 Lys Arg Thr Cys Ser 180 <210> 10 <211> 293 <212> PRT <213> ' Homo sapien <400> 10 Met Arg Leu Leu Thr Leu Leu Gly Leu Leu Cys Gly Ser Val Ala Thr 1 5 10 15 Pro Leu Gly Pro Lys Trp Pro Glu Pro Val Phe Gly Arg Leu Ala Ser 20 25 30 Pro Gly Phe Pro Gly Glu Tyr Ala Asn Asp Gln Glu Arg Arg Trp Thr 35 40 45 Leu Thr Ala Pro Pro Gly Tyr Arg Leu Arg Leu Tyr Phe Thr His Phe 50 55 60 Asp Leu Glu Leu Ser His Leu Cys Glu Tyr Asp Phe Val Lys Leu Ser 65 70 75 80 Ser Gly Ala Lys Val Leu Ala Thr Leu Cys Gly Gln Glu Ser Thr Asp 85 90 95 Thr Glu Arg Ala Pro Gly Lys Asp Thr Phe Tyr Ser Leu Gly Ser Ser 100 105 110 Leu Asp Ile Thr Phe Arg Ser Asp Tyr Ser Asn Glu Lys Pro Phe Thr 115 120 125 Gly Phe Glu Ala Phe Tyr Ala Ala Glu Asp Ile Asp Glu Cys Gln Val

    Page 16

    130

    135

    140

    160

    2016204452 28 Jun 2016

    Ala Pro Gly Glu Ala Pro Thr Cys Asp His His Cys His Asn His 145 150 155 Gly Gly Phe Tyr Cys Ser Cys Arg Ala Gly Tyr Val Leu His Arg 165 170 175 Lys Arg Thr Cys Ser Ala Leu Cys Ser Gly Gin Val Phe Thr Gin 180 185 190 Ser Gly Glu Leu Ser Ser Pro Glu Tyr Pro Arg Pro Tyr Pro Lys 195 200 205 Ser Ser Cys Thr Tyr Ser Ile Ser Leu Glu Glu Gly Phe Ser Val 210 215 220 Leu Asp Phe Val Glu Ser Phe Asp Val Glu Thr His Pro Glu Thr 225 230 235 Cys Pro Tyr Asp Phe Leu Lys Ile Gin Thr Asp Arg Glu Glu His 245 250 255 Pro Phe Cys Gly Lys Thr Leu Pro His Arg Ile Glu Thr Lys Ser 260 265 270 Thr Val Thr Ile Thr Phe Val Thr Asp Glu Ser Gly Asp His Thr 275 280 285 Trp Lys Ile His Tyr 290 <210> : 11 <211> ‘ 41 <212> 1 PRT <213> Homo sapien <400> : Ll Glu Asp Ile Asp Glu Cys Gin Val Ala Pro Gly Glu Ala Pro Thr 1 5 10 15 Asp His His Cys His Asn His Leu Gly Gly Phe Tyr Cys Ser Cys 20 ' 25 30 Ala Gly Tyr Val Leu His Arg Asn Lys

    240

    35 <210> 12 <211> 242 <212> PRT <213> Homo

    Page 17

    2016204452 28 Jun 2016 <400> 12

    Ile Tyr Gly Gly Gln Lys Ala Lys Pro Gly Asp Phe Pro Trp Gln Val 15 10 15

    Leu Ile Leu Gly Gly Thr Thr Ala Ala Gly Ala Leu Leu Tyr Asp Asn 20 25 30

    Trp Val Leu Thr Ala Ala His Ala Val Tyr Glu Gln Lys His Asp Ala 35 40 45

    Ser Ala Leu Asp Ile Arg Met Gly Thr Leu Lys Arg Leu Ser Pro His 50 55 60

    Tyr Thr Gln Ala Trp Ser Glu Ala Val Phe Ile His Glu Gly Tyr Thr 65 70 75 80

    His Asp Ala Gly Phe Asp Asn Asp Ile Ala Leu Ile Lys Leu Asn Asn 85 90 95

    Lys Val Val Ile Asn Ser Asn Ile Thr Pro Ile Cys Leu Pro Arg Lys 100 105 110

    Glu Ala Glu Ser Phe Met Arg Thr Asp Asp Ile Gly Thr Ala Ser Gly 115 120 125

    Trp Gly Leu Thr Gln Arg Gly Phe Leu Ala Arg Asn Leu Met Tyr Val 130 135 140

    Asp Ile Pro Ile Val Asp His Gln Lys Cys Thr Ala Ala Tyr Glu Lys 145 150 155 160

    Pro Pro Tyr Pro Arg Gly Ser Val Thr Ala Asn Met Leu Cys Ala Gly 165 170 175

    Leu Glu Ser Gly Gly Lys Asp Ser Cys Arg Gly Asp Ser Gly Gly Ala 180 185 190

    Leu Val Phe Leu Asp Ser Glu Thr Glu Arg Trp Phe Val Gly Gly Ile 195 200 205

    Val Ser Trp Gly Ser Met Asn Cys Gly Glu Ala Gly Gln Tyr Gly Val 210 215 220

    Tyr Thr Lys Val Ile Asn Tyr Ile Pro Trp Ile Glu Asn Ile Ile Ser 225 230 235 240

    Asp Phe

    Page 18

    2016204452 28 Jun 2016 <210> 13 <211> 16 <212> PRT <213> Artificial Sequence <220>

    <223> Synthetic peptide <400> 13

    Gly Lys Asp Ser Cys Arg Gly Asp Ala Gly Gly Ala Leu Val Phe Leu 15 10 15 <210> 14 <211> 15 <212> PRT <213> Artificial Sequence <220>

    <223> Synthetic peptide <400> 14

    Thr Pro Leu Gly Pro Lys Trp Pro Glu Pro Val Phe Gly Arg Leu 15 10 15

    <210> 15 <211> 43 <212> PRT <213> Artificial Sequence <220> <223> Synthetic peptide <400> 15 Thr Ala Pro Pro Gly Tyr Arg Leu Arg Leu Tyr Phe Thr His Phe Asp 1 5 10 15

    Leu Glu Leu Ser His Leu Cys Glu Tyr Asp Phe Val Lys Leu Ser Ser 20 25 30

    Gly Ala Lys Val Leu Ala Thr Leu Cys Gly Gln 35 40 <210> 16 <211> 8 <212> PRT <213> Artificial <220>

    <223> Synthetic peptide <400> 16

    Thr Phe Arg Ser Asp Tyr Ser Asn 1 5 <210> 17

    Page 19

    2016204452 28 Jun 2016 <211> 25 <212> PRT <213> Artificial Sequence <220>

    <223> Synthetic peptide <400> 17

    Phe Tyr Ser Leu Gly Ser Ser Leu Asp Ile Thr Phe Arg Ser Asp Tyr 15 10 15

    Ser Asn Glu Lys Pro Phe Thr Gly Phe 20 25 <210> 18 <211> 9 <212> PRT <213> Artificial <220>

    <223> Synthetic peptide <400> 18

    Ile Asp Glu Cys Gln Val Ala Pro Gly 1 5

    <210> 19 <211> 25 <212> PRT <213> Artificial Sequence <220> <223> Synthetic peptide <400> 19 Ala Asn Met Leu Cys Ala Gly Leu Glu Ser Gly Gly Lys Asp Ser Cys 1 5 10 15

    Arg Gly Asp Ser Gly Gly Ala Leu Val 20 25 <210> 20 <211> 960 <212> DNA <213> Homo sapien <220>

    <221> CDS <222> (51)..(797) <400> 20 attaactgag attaaccttc cctgagtttt ctcacaccaa ggtgaggacc atg tcc Met Ser 1 ctg ttt cca tea etc cct etc ett etc ctg agt atg gtg gca geg tet Leu Phe Pro Ser Leu Pro Leu Leu Leu Leu Ser Met Val Ala Ala Ser

    104

    Page 20

    2016204452 28 Jun 2016

    tac tea gaa Glu act Thr gtg acc tgt gag Glu gat Asp gcc Ala caa Gln aag Lys 30 acc Thr tgc Cys cct Pro gca Ala 152 Tyr Ser 20 Val Thr Cys 25 gtg att gee tgt age tet cca ggc ate aac ggc ttc cca ggc aaa gat 200 Val Ile Ala Cys Ser Ser Pro Gly Ile Asn Gly Phe Pro Gly Lys Asp 35 40 45 50 ggg cgt gat ggc acc aag gga gaa aag ggg gaa cca ggc caa ggg etc 248 Gly Arg Asp Gly Thr Lys Gly Glu Lys Gly Glu Pro Gly Gln Gly Leu 55 60 65 aga ggc tta cag ggc ccc cct gga aag ttg ggg cct cca gga aat cca 296 Arg Gly Leu Gln Gly Pro Pro Gly Lys Leu Gly Pro Pro Gly Asn Pro 70 75 80 ggg cct tet ggg tea cca gga cca aag ggc caa aaa gga gac cct gga 344 Gly Pro Ser Gly Ser Pro Gly Pro Lys Gly Gln Lys Gly Asp Pro Gly 85 90 95 aaa agt ccg gat ggt gat agt age ctg get gcc tea gaa aga aaa get 392 Lys Ser Pro Asp Gly Asp Ser Ser Leu Ala Ala Ser Glu Arg Lys Ala 100 105 110 ctg caa aca gaa atg gca cgt ate aaa aag tgg etc acc ttc tet ctg 440 Leu Gln Thr Glu Met Ala Arg Ile Lys Lys Trp Leu Thr Phe Ser Leu 115 120 125 130 ggc aaa caa gtt ggg aac aag ttc ttc ctg acc aat ggt gaa ata atg 488 Gly Lys Gln Val Gly Asn Lys Phe Phe Leu Thr Asn Gly Glu Ile Met 135 140 145 ace ttt gaa aaa gtg aag gcc ttg tgt gtc aag ttc cag gcc tet gtg 536 Thr Phe Glu Lys Val Lys Ala Leu Cys Val Lys Phe Gln Ala Ser Val 150 155 160 gee ace ccc agg aat get gca gag aat gga gcc att cag aat etc ate 584 Ala Thr Pro Arg Asn Ala Ala Glu Asn Gly Ala Ile Gln Asn Leu Ile 165 170 175 aag gag gaa gcc ttc ctg ggc ate act gat gag aag aca gaa ggg cag 632 Lys Glu Glu Ala Phe Leu Gly Ile Thr Asp Glu Lys Thr Glu Gly Gln 180 185 190 ttt gtg gat ctg aca gga aat aga ctg acc tac aca aac tgg aac gag 680 Phe Val Asp Leu Thr Gly Asn Arg Leu Thr Tyr Thr Asn Trp Asn Glu 195 200 205 210 ggt gaa ccc aac aat get ggt tet gat gaa gat tgt gta ttg eta ctg 728 Gly Glu Pro Asn Asn Ala Gly Ser Asp Glu Asp Cys Val Leu Leu Leu 215 220 225 aaa aat ggc cag tgg aat gac gtc ccc tgc tee acc tee cat ctg gcc 776 Lys Asn Gly Gln Trp Asn Asp Val Pro Cys Ser Thr Ser His Leu Ala 230 235 240

    gtc tgt gag ttc cct ate tga agggtcatat cactcaggcc ctccttgtct 827

    Val Cys Glu Phe Pro Ile

    245 ttttactgca acccacaggc ccacagtatg ettgaaaaga taaattatat caatttcctc 887 atatccagta ttgttccttt tgtgggcaat cactaaaaat gatcactaac agcaccaaca 947

    Page 21 aagcaataat agt

    960

    2016204452 28 Jun 2016

    <210> <211> <212> <213> <400> 21 248 PRT Homo 21 Leu sapien Phe Pro 5 Ser Leu Pro Leu Met 1 Ser Ala Ser Tyr Ser 20 Glu Thr Val Thr Cys 25 Pro Ala Val 35 Ile Ala Cys Ser Ser 40 Pro Lys Asp 50 Gly Arg Asp Gly Thr 55 Lys Gly Gly 65 Leu Arg Gly Leu Gln 70 Gly Pro Pro Asn Pro Gly Pro Ser 85 Gly Ser Pro Gly Pro Gly Lys Ser 100 Pro Asp Gly Asp Ser 105 Lys • Ala Leu 115 Gln Thr Glu Met Ala 120 Arg Ser Leu 130 Gly Lys Gln Val Gly 135 Asn Lys Ile 145 Met Thr Phe Glu Lys 150 Val Lys Ala Ser Val Ala Thr Pro 165 Arg Asn Ala Ala Leu Ile Lys Glu 180 Glu Ala Phe Leu Gly 185 Gly Gln Phe 195 Val Asp Leu Thr Gly 200 Asn Asn Glu 210 Gly Glu Pro Asn Asn 215 Ala Gly

    Leu Leu Leu Ser Met Val Ala 10 15

    Glu Asp Ala Gln Lys Thr Cys 30

    Gly Ile Asn Gly Phe Pro Gly 45

    Glu Lys Gly Glu Pro Gly Gln 60

    Gly Lys Leu Gly Pro Pro Gly 75 80

    Pro Lys Gly Gln Lys Gly Asp 90 95

    Ser Leu Ala Ala Ser Glu Arg 110

    Ile Lys Lys Trp Leu Thr Phe 125

    Phe Phe Leu Thr Asn Gly Glu 140

    Leu Cys Val Lys Phe Gln Ala 155 160

    Glu Asn Gly Ala Ile Gln Asn 170 175

    Ile Thr Asp Glu Lys Thr Glu 190

    Arg Leu Thr Tyr Thr Asn Trp 205

    Ser Asp Glu Asp Cys Val Leu 220

    Page 22

    2016204452 28 Jun 2016

    Leu Leu Lys Asn Gly Gln Trp Asn Asp Val Pro Cys Ser Thr Ser His 225 230 235 240

    Leu Ala Val Cys Glu Phe Pro Ile

    245 <210> <211> <212> <213> 22 6 PRT Artificial Sequence <220> <223> Synthetic peptide consensus sequence

    <220> <221> <222> <223> MISC FEATURE (1) · · (1) Wherein X at position 1 represents hydroxyproline <220> <221> <222> <223> MISC FEATURE (4) .. (4) Wherein X at position 4 represents hydrophobic residue <400> 22

    Xaa Gly Lys Xaa Gly Pro 1 5

    <210> <211> <212> <213> 23 5 PRT Artificial Sequence <220> <223> Synthetic peptide

    <220> <221> <222> <223> MISC FEATURE (1) · · (1) Wherein X represents hydroxyproline <400> 23

    Xaa Gly Lys Leu Gly 1 5

    <210> <211> <212> <213> 24 16 PRT Artificial Sequence <220> <223> Synthetic peptide

    <220> <221> <222> <223> MISC FEATURE (9)..(15) Wherein X at positions 9 and 15 represents hydroxyproline

    Page 23

    2016204452 28 Jun 2016 <400> 24

    Gly Leu Arg Gly Leu Gln Gly Pro Xaa Gly Lys Leu Gly Pro Xaa Gly 15 10 15 <210> 25 <211> 27 <212> PRT <213> Artificial Sequence <220>

    <223> Synthetic peptide <220>

    <221> MISC__FEATURE <222> (3)..(27) <223> Wherein X at positions 3, 6, 15, 21, 24, 27 represents hydroxyproline <400> 25

    Gly Pro Xaa Gly Pro Xaa Gly Leu Arg Gly Leu Gln Gly Pro Xaa Gly 15 10 15

    Lys Leu Gly Pro Xaa Gly Pro Xaa Gly Pro Xaa 20 25 <210> 26 <211> 53 <212> PRT <213> Artificial Sequence <220>

    <223> Synthetic peptide <220>

    <221> misc_feature <222> (26)..(26) <223> Xaa can be any naturally occurring amino acid <220>

    <221> misc_feature <222> (32)..(32) <223> Xaa can be any naturally occurring amino acid <220>

    <221> misc_feature <222> (35)..(35) <223> Xaa can be any naturally occurring amino acid <220>

    <221> misc_feature <222> (41)..(41) <223> Xaa can be any naturally occurring amino acid <220>

    <221> misc_feature <222> (50)..(50) <223> Xaa can be any naturally occurring amino acid

    Page 24 <400> 26

    2016204452 28 Jun 2016

    Gly 1 Lys Asp Gly Arg 5 Asp Gly Thr Lys Gly 10 Glu Lys Gly Glu Pro 15 Gly Gin Gly Leu Arg 20 Gly Leu Gin Gly Pro 25 Xaa Gly Lys Leu Gly 30 Pro Xaa Gly Asn Xaa 35 Gly Pro Ser Gly Ser 40 Xaa Gly Pro Lys Gly 45 Gin Lys Gly Asp Xaa Gly Lys Ser

    <210> 27 <211> 33 <212> PRT <213> Artificial Sequence <220>

    <223> Synthetic peptide <220>

    <221> MISC_FEATURE <222> (3)..(33) <223> Wherein X at positions 3, 6, 12, 18, 21, 30, 33 represents hydroxyproline <400> 27

    Gly Ala 1 Xaa Gly Ser Xaa Gly Glu Lys Gly Ala Xaa Gly Pro Gin Gly 5 10 15 Pro Xaa Gly Pro Xaa Gly Lys Met Gly Pro Lys Gly Glu Xaa Gly Asp 20 25 30

    Xaa <210> 28 <211> 45 <212> PRT <213> Artificial Sequence <220>

    <223> Synthetic peptide <220>

    <221> MISC_FEATURE <222> (3)..(45) <223> Wherein X at positions 3, 6, 9, 27, 30, 36, 42, 45 represents hydroxyproline <400> 28

    Gly Cys Xaa Gly Leu Xaa Gly Ala Xaa Gly Asp Lys Gly Glu Ala Gly 15 10 15

    Page 25

    2016204452 28 Jun 2016

    Thr Asn Gly Lys Arg Gly Glu Arg Gly Pro Xaa Gly Pro Xaa Gly Lys 20 25 30

    Ala Gly Pro Xaa Gly Pro Asn Gly Ala Xaa Gly Glu Xaa 35 40 45 <210> 29 <211> 24 <212> PRT <213> Artificial Sequence <220>

    <223> Synthetic peptide <400> 29

    Leu Gln Arg Ala Leu Glu Ile Leu Pro Asn Arg Val Thr Ile Lys Ala 15 10 15

    Asn Arg Pro Phe Leu Val Phe Ile 20 <210> 30 <211> 559 <212> DNA <213> Homo sapien <400> 30

    atgaggctgc tgaccctcct gggccttctg tgtggctcgg tggccacccc cttgggcccg 60 aagtggcctg aacctgtgtt cgggcgcctg gcatcccccg gctttccagg ggagtatgcc 120 aatgaccagg agcggcgctg gaccctgact gcaccccccg gctaccgcct gcgcctctac 180 ttcacccact tcgacctgga gctctcccac ctctgcgagt acgacttcgt caagctgagc 240 tcgggggcca aggtgctggc cacgctgtgc gggcaggaga gcacagacac ggagcgggcc 300 cctggcaagg acactttcta ctcgctgggc tccagcctgg acattacctt ccgctccgac 360 tactccaacg agaagccgtt cacggggttc gaggccttct atgcagccga ggacattgac 420 gagtgccagg tggccccggg agaggcgccc acctgcgacc accactgcca caaccacctg 480 ggcggtttct actgctcctg ccgcgcaggc tacgtcctgc accgtaacaa gcgcacctgc 540 tcagccctgt gctccggcc 559

    <210> 31 <211> 34 <212> DNA <213> Artificial Sequence <220>

    <223> Synthetic oligo <400> 31 cgggcacacc atgaggctgc tgaccctcct gggc 34

    Page 26

    2016204452 28 Jun 2016 <210> 32 <211> 33 <212> DNA <213> Artificial Sequence <220>

    <223> Synthetic oligo <400> 32 gacattacct tccgctccga ctccaacgag aag <210> 33 <211> 33 <212> DNA <213> Artificial Sequence <220>

    <223> Synthetic oligo <400> 33 agcagccctg aatacccacg gccgtatccc aaa <210> 34 <211> 26 <212> DNA <213> Artificial Sequence <220>

    <223> Synthetic oligo <400> 34 cgggatccat gaggctgctg accctc <210> 35 <211> 19 <212> DNA <213> Artificial Sequence <220>

    <223> Synthetic oligo <400> 35 ggaattccta ggctgcata <210> 36 <211> 19 <212> DNA <213> Artificial Sequence <220>

    <223> Synthetic oligo <400> 36 ggaattccta cagggcgct

    <210> 37 <211> 19 <212> DNA <213> Artificial Sequence

    Page 27

    2016204452 28 Jun 2016 <220>

    <223> Synthetic oligo <400> 37 ggaattccta gtagtggat <210> 38 <211> 25 <212> DNA <213> Artificial Sequence <220>

    <223> Synthetic oligo <400> 38 tgcggccgct gtaggtgctg tcttt 25 <210> 39 <211> 23 <212> DNA <213> Artificial Sequence <220>

    <223> Synthetic oligo <400> 39 ggaattcact cgttattctc gga 23 <210> 40 <211> 17 <212> DNA <213> Artificial Sequence <220>

    <223> Synthetic oligo <400> 40 tccgagaata acgagtg 17 <210> 41 <211> 29 <212> DNA <213> Artificial Sequence <220>

    <223> Synthetic oligo <400> 41 cattgaaagc tttggggtag aagttgttc 29 <210> 42 <211> 27 <212> DNA <213> Artificial Sequence <220>

    <223> Synthetic oligo <400> 42 cgcggccgca gctgctcaga gtgtaga 27

    Page 28

    2016204452 28 Jun 2016

    <210> <211> <212> <213> 43 28 DNA Artificial Sequence <220> <223> Synthetic oligo

    <400> 43 cggtaagctt cactggctca gggaaata 28

    <210> <211> <212> <213> 44 37 DNA Artificial Sequence <220> <223> Synthetic oligo

    <400> 44 aagaagcttg ccgccaccat ggattggctg tggaact 37

    <210> <211> <212> <213> 45 31 DNA Artificial Sequence <220> <223> Synthetic oligo

    <400> 45 cgggatcctc aaactttctt gtccaccttg g 31

    <210> <211> <212> <213> 46 36 DNA Artificial Sequence <220> <223> Synthetic oligo

    <400> 46 aagaaagctt gccgccacca tgttctcact agctct 36

    <210> <211> <212> <213> 47 26 DNA Artificial Sequence <220> <223> Synthetic oligo

    <400> 47 cgggatcctt ctccctctaa cactct 26

    <210> <211> <212> <213> 48 9 PRT Artificial Sequence

    Page 29

    2016204452 28 Jun 2016 <220>

    <223> Synthetic peptide <400> 48

    Glu Pro Lys Ser Cys Asp Lys Thr His 1 5 <210> 49 <211> 4960 <212> DNA <213> Homo Sapien <400> 49

    ccggacgtgg tggcgcatgc ctgtaatccc agctactcgg gaggctgagg caggagaatt 60 gctcgaaccc cggaggcaga ggtttggtgg ctcacacctg taatcccagc actttgcgag 120 gctgaggcag gtgcatcgct ttggctcagg agttcaagac cagcctgggc aacacaggga 180 gacccccatc tctacaaaaa acaaaaacaa atataaaggg gataaaaaaa aaaaaaagac 240 aagacatgaa tccatgagga cagagtgtgg aagaggaagc agcagcctca aagttctgga 300 agctggaaga acagataaac aggtgtgaaa taactgcctg gaaagcaact tctttttttt 360 tttttttttt tttgaggtgg agtctcactc tgtcgtccag gctggagtgc agtggtgcga 420 tctcggatca ctgcaacctc cgcctcccag gctcaagcaa ttctcctgcc tcagcctccc 480 gagtagctgg gattataagt gcgcgctgcc acacctggat gatttttgta tttttagtag 540 agatgggatt tcaccatgtt ggtcaggctg gtctcaaact cccaacctcg tgatccaccc 600 accttggcct cccaaagtgc tgggattaca ggtataagcc accgagccca gccaaaagcg 660 acttctaagc ctgcaaggga atcgggaatt ggtggcacca ggtccttctg acagggttta 720 agaaattagc cagcctgagg ctgggcacgg tggctcacac ctgtaatccc agcactttgg 780 gaggctaagg caggtggatc acctgagggc aggagttcaa gaccagcctg accaacatgg 840 agaaacccca tccctaccaa aaataaaaaa ttagccaggt gtggtggtgc tcgcctgtaa 900 tcccagctac ttgggaggct gaggtgggag gattgcttga acacaggaag tagaggctgc 960 agtgagctat gattgcagca ctgcactgaa gccggggcaa cagaacaaga tccaaaaaaa 1020 agggaggggt gaggggcaga gccaggattt gtttccaggc tgttgttacc taggtccgac 1080 tcctggctcc cagagcagcc tgtcctgcct gcctggaact ctgagcaggc tggagtcatg 1140 gagtcgattc ccagaatccc agagtcaggg aggctggggg caggggcagg tcactggaca 1200 aacagatcaa aggtgagacc agcgtagggc tgcagaccag gccaggccag ctggacgggc 1260 acaccatgag gtaggtgggc gcccacagcc tccctgcagg gtgtggggtg ggagcacagg 1320 cctgggccct caccgcccct gccctgccca taggctgctg accctcctgg gccttctgtg 1380 tggctcggtg gccaccccct tgggcccgaa gtggcctgaa cctgtgttcg ggcgcctggc 1440 atcccccggc tttccagggg agtatgccaa tgaccaggag cggcgctgga ccctgactgc 1500 accccccggc taccgcctgc gcctctactt cacccacttc gacctggagc tctcccacct 1560

    Page 30

    2016204452 28 Jun 2016

    ctgcgagtac gacttcgtca aggtgccgtc aggacgggag ggctggggtt tctcagggtc 1620 ggggggtccc caaggagtag ccagggttca gggacacctg ggagcagggg ccaggcttgg 1680 ccaggaggga gatcaggcct gggtcttgcc ttcactccct gtgacacctg accccacagc 1740 tgagctcggg ggccaaggtg ctggccacgc tgtgcgggca ggagagcaca gacacggagc 1800 gggcccctgg caaggacact ttctactcgc tgggctccag cctggacatt accttccgct 1860 ccgactactc caacgagaag ccgttcacgg ggttcgaggc cttctatgca gccgagggtg 1920 agccaagagg ggtcctgcaa catctcagtc tgcgcagctg gctgtggggg taactctgtc 1980 ttaggccagg cagccctgcc ttcagtttcc ccacctttcc cagggcaggg gagaggcctc 2040 tggcctgaca tcatccacaa tgcaaagacc aaaacagccg tgacctccat tcacatgggc 2100 tgagtgccaa ctctgagcca gggatctgag gacagcatcg cctcaagtga cgcagggact 2160 ggccgggcgc agcagctcac gcctgtaatt ccagcacttt gggaggccga ggctggctga 2220 tcatttgagg tcaggagttc aaggccagcc agggcaacac ggtgaaactc tatctccact 2280 aaaactacaa aaattagctg ggcgtggtgg tgcgcacctg gaatcccagc tactagggag 2340 gctgaggcag gagaattgct tgaacctgcg aggtggaggc tgcagtgaac agagattgca 2400 ccactacact ccagcctggg cgacagagct agactccgtc tcaaaaaaca aaaaacaaaa 2460 acgacgcagg ggccgagggc cccatttaca gctgacaaag tggggccctg ccagcgggag 2520 cgctgccagg atgtttgatt tcagatccca gtccctgcag agaccaactg tgtgacctct 2580 ggcaagtggc tcaatttctc tgctccttag gaagctgctg caagggttca gcgctgtagc 2640 cccgccccct gggtttgatt gactcccctc attagctggg tgacctcggg ccggacactg 2700 aaactcccac tggtttaaca gaggtgatgt ttgcatcttt ctcccagcgc tgctgggagc 2760 ttgcagcgac cctaggcctg taaggtgatt ggcccggcac cagtcccgca ccctagacag 2820 gacgaggcct cctctgaggt ccactctgag gtcatggatc tcctgggagg agtccaggct 2880 ggatcccgcc tctttccctc ctgacggcct gcctggccct gcctctcccc cagacattga 2940 cgagtgccag gtggccccgg gagaggcgcc cacctgcgac caccactgcc acaaccacct 3000 gggcggtttc tactgctcct gccgcgcagg ctacgtcctg caccgtaaca agcgcacctg 3060 ctcagccctg tgctccggcc aggtcttcac ccagaggtct ggggagctca gcagccctga 3120 atacccacgg ccgtatccca aactctccag ttgcacttac agcatcagcc tggaggaggg 3180 gttcagtgtc attctggact ttgtggagtc cttcgatgtg gagacacacc ctgaaaccct 3240 gtgtccctac gactttctca agattcaaac agacagagaa gaacatggcc cattctgtgg 3300 gaagacattg ccccacagga ttgaaacaaa aagcaacacg gtgaccatca cctttgtcac 3360 agatgaatca ggagaccaca caggctggaa gatccactac acgagcacag cgcacgcttg 3420 cccttatccg atggcgccac ctaatggcca cgtttcacct gtgcaagcca aatacatcct 3480 gaaagacagc ttctccatct tttgcgagac tggctatgag cttctgcaag gtcacttgcc 3540

    Page 31

    2016204452 28 Jun 2016

    cctgaaatcc tttactgcag tttgtcagaa agatggatet tgggaccggc caatgcccgc 3600 gtgcagcatt gttgactgtg gccctcctga tgatctaccc agtggccgag tggagtacat 3660 cacaggtcct ggagtgacca cctacaaagc tgtgattcag tacagctgtg aagagacctt 3720 ctacacaatg aaagtgaatg atggtaaata tgtgtgtgag gctgatggat tctggacgag 3780 ctccaaagga gaaaaatcac tcccagtctg tgagcctgtt tgtggactat cagcccgcac 3840 aacaggaggg cgtatatatg gagggcaaaa ggcaaaacct ggtgattttc cttggcaagt 3900 cctgatatta ggtggaacca cagcagcagg tgcactttta tatgacaact gggtcctaac 3960 agctgctcat geegtetatg agcaaaaaca tgatgcatcc gccctggaca ttcgaatggg 4020 caccctgaaa agactatcac ctcattatac acaagcctgg tctgaagctg tttttataca 4080 tgaaggttat actcatgatg ctggctttga caatgacata gcactgatta aattgaataa 4140 caaagttgta atcaatagca acatcacgcc tatttgtctg ccaagaaaag aagctgaatc 4200 etttatgagg acagatgaca ttggaactgc atctggatgg ggattaaccc aaaggggttt 4260 tettgetaga aatctaatgt atgtcgacat accgattgtt gaccatcaaa aatgtactgc 4320 tgcatatgaa aagccaccct atccaagggg aagtgtaact gctaacatgc tttgtgctgg 4380 ettagaaagt gggggcaagg acagctgcag aggtgacagc ggaggggcac tggtgtttct 4440 agatagtgaa acagagaggt ggtttgtggg aggaatagtg tcctggggtt ccatgaattg 4500 tggggaagca ggtcagtatg gagtctacac aaaagttatt aactatattc cctggatcga 4560 gaacataatt agtgattttt aacttgcgtg tetgeagtea aggattette atttttagaa 4620 atgcctgtga agaccttggc agcgacgtgg ctcgagaagc attcatcatt actgtggaca 4680 tggcagttgt tgctccaccc aaaaaaacag actccaggtg aggctgctgt catttctcca 4740 cttgccagtt taattccagc cttacccatt gactcaaggg gacataaacc acgagagtga 4800 cagtcatctt tgcccaccca gtgtaatgtc actgctcaaa ttacatttca ttaccttaaa 4860 aagccagtct cttttcatac tggctgttgg catttctgta aactgcctgt ccatgctctt 4920 tgtttttaaa cttgttctta ttgaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa 4960

    <210> 50 <211> 2090 <212> DNA <213> Murine MASP-2 CDS <220>

    <221> CDS <222> (33)..(2090) <400> 50 ggcgctggac tgcagagcta tggtggcaca cc atg agg eta etc ate ttc ctg 53

    Met Arg Leu Leu Ile Phe Leu 1 5 ggt ctg ctg tgg agt ttg gtg gcc aca ett ctg ggt tea aag tgg cct 101

    Page 32

    2016204452 28 Jun 2016

    Gly Leu Leu 10 Trp Ser Leu Val Ala 15 Thr Leu Leu Gly Ser 20 Lys Trp Pro gaa cct gta ttc ggg ege ctg gtg tee cct ggc ttc cca gag aag tat 149 Glu Pro 25 Val Phe Gly Arg Leu 30 Val Ser Pro Gly Phe 35 Pro Glu Lys Tyr get gac cat caa gat ega tee tgg aca ctg act gca ccc cct ggc tac 197 Ala 40 Asp His Gln Asp Arg 45 Ser Trp Thr Leu Thr 50 Ala Pro Pro Gly Tyr 55 ege ctg ege etc tac ttc acc cac ttt gac ctg gaa etc tet tac ege 245 Arg Leu Arg Leu Tyr 60 Phe Thr His Phe Asp 65 Leu Glu Leu Ser Tyr 70 Arg tgc gag tat gac ttt gtc aag ttg age tea ggg acc aag gtg ctg gee 293 Cys Glu Tyr Asp 75 Phe Val Lys Leu Ser 80 Ser Gly Thr Lys Val 85 Leu Ala aca ctg tgt ggg cag gag agt aca gac act gag cag gca cct ggc aat 341 Thr Leu Cys 90 Gly Gln Glu Ser Thr 95 Asp Thr Glu Gln Ala 100 Pro Gly Asn gac acc ttc tac tea ctg ggt ccc age eta aag gtc acc ttc cac tee 389 Asp Thr 105 Phe Tyr Ser Leu Gly 110 Pro Ser Leu Lys Val 115 Thr Phe His Ser gac tac tee aat gag aag ccg ttc aca ggg ttt gag gee ttc tat gca 437 Asp 120 Tyr Ser Asn Glu Lys 125 Pro Phe Thr Gly Phe 130 Glu Ala Phe Tyr Ala 135 geg gag gat gtg gat gaa tgc aga gtg tet ctg gga gac tea gtc cct 485 Ala Glu Asp Val Asp 140 Glu Cys Arg Val Ser 145 Leu Gly Asp Ser Val 150 Pro tgt gac cat tat tgc cac aac tac ttg ggc ggc tac tat tgc tee tgc 533 Cys Asp His Tyr 155 Cys His Asn Tyr Leu 160 Gly Gly Tyr Tyr Cys 165 Ser Cys aga geg ggc tac att etc cac cag aac aag cac aeg tgc tea gee ett 581 Arg Ala Gly 170 Tyr Ile Leu His Gln 175 Asn Lys His Thr Cys 180 Ser Ala Leu tgt tea ggc cag gtg ttc aca gga aga tet ggg tat etc agt age cct 629 Cys Ser 185 Gly Gln Val Phe Thr 190 Gly Arg Ser Gly Tyr 195 Leu Ser Ser Pro gag tac ccg cag cca tac ccc aag etc tee age tgc acc tac age ate 677 Glu 200 Tyr Pro Gln Pro Tyr 205 Pro Lys Leu Ser Ser 210 Cys Thr Tyr Ser Ile 215 ege ctg gag gac ggc ttc agt gtc ate ctg gac ttc gtg gag tee ttc 725 Arg Leu Glu Asp Gly 220 Phe Ser Val Ile Leu 225 Asp Phe Val Glu Ser 230 Phe gat gtg gag aeg cac cct gaa gee cag tgc ccc tat gac tee etc aag 773 Asp Val Glu Thr 235 His Pro Glu Ala Gln 240 Cys Pro Tyr Asp Ser 245 Leu Lys att caa aca gac aag ggg gaa cac ggc cca ttt tgt ggg aag aeg ctg 821 Ile Gln Thr 250 Asp Lys Gly Glu His 255 Gly Pro Phe Cys Gly 260 Lys Thr Leu cct ccc agg att gaa act gac age cac aag gtg acc ate acc ttt gee 869 Pro Pro Arg Ile Glu Thr Asp Ser His Lys Val Thr Ile Thr Phe Ala

    265 270 275

    Page 33

    2016204452 28 Jun 2016

    act Thr 280 gac gag teg ggg aac cac His aca Thr ggc tgg aag Lys 290 ata Ile cac His tac Tyr aca Thr age Ser 295 917 Asp Glu Ser Gly Asn 285 Gly Trp aca gca egg ccc tgc cct gat cca aeg geg cca cct aat ggc age att 965 Thr Ala Arg Pro Cys Pro Asp Pro Thr Ala Pro Pro Asn Gly Ser Ile 300 305 310 tea cct gtg caa gee aeg tat gtc ctg aag gac agg ttt tet gtc ttc 1013 Ser Pro Val Gln Ala Thr Tyr Val Leu Lys Asp Arg Phe Ser Val Phe 315 320 325 tgc aag aca ggc ttc gag ett ctg caa ggt tet gtc ccc ctg aaa tea 1061 Cys Lys Thr Gly Phe Glu Leu Leu Gln Gly Ser Val Pro Leu Lys Ser 330 335 340 ttc act get gtc tgt cag aaa gat gga tet tgg gac egg ccg atg cca 1109 Phe Thr Ala Val Cys Gln Lys Asp Gly Ser Trp Asp Arg Pro Met Pro 345 350 355 gag tgc age att att gat tgt ggc cct ccc gat gac eta ccc aat ggc 1157 Glu Cys Ser Ile Ile Asp Cys Gly Pro Pro Asp Asp Leu Pro Asn Gly 360 365 370 375 cat gtg gac tat ate aca ggc cct caa gtg act acc tac aaa get gtg 1205 His Val Asp Tyr Ile Thr Gly Pro Gln Val Thr Thr Tyr Lys Ala Val 380 385 390 att cag tac age tgt gaa gag act ttc tac aca atg age age aat ggt 1253 Ile Gln Tyr Ser Cys Glu Glu Thr Phe Tyr Thr Met Ser Ser Asn Gly 395 400 405 aaa tat gtg tgt gag get gat gga ttc tgg aeg age tee aaa gga gaa 1301 Lys Tyr Val Cys Glu Ala Asp Gly Phe Trp Thr Ser Ser Lys Gly Glu 410 415 420 aaa etc ccc ccg gtt tgt gag cct gtt tgt ggg ctg tee aca cac act 1349 Lys Leu Pro Pro Val Cys Glu Pro Val Cys Gly Leu Ser Thr His Thr 425 430 435 ata gga gga ege ata gtt gga ggg cag cct gca aag cct ggt gac ttt 1397 Ile Gly Gly Arg Ile Val Gly Gly Gln Pro Ala Lys Pro Gly Asp Phe 440 445 450 455 cct tgg caa gtc ttg ttg ctg ggt caa act aca gca gca gca ggt gca 1445 Pro Trp Gln Val Leu Leu Leu Gly Gln Thr Thr Ala Ala Ala Gly Ala 460 465 470 ett ata cat gac aat tgg gtc eta aca gee get cat get gta tat gag 1493 Leu Ile His Asp Asn Trp Val Leu Thr Ala Ala His Ala Val Tyr Glu 475 480 485 aaa aga atg gca geg tee tee ctg aac ate ega atg ggc ate etc aaa 1541 Lys Arg Met Ala Ala Ser Ser Leu Asn Ile Arg Met Gly Ile Leu Lys 490 495 500 agg etc tea cct cat tac act caa gee tgg ccc gag gaa ate ttt ata 1589 Arg Leu Ser Pro His Tyr Thr Gln Ala Trp Pro Glu Glu Ile Phe Ile 505 510 515 cat gaa ggc tac act cac ggt get ggt ttt gac aat gat ata gca ttg 1637 His Glu Gly Tyr Thr His Gly Ala Gly Phe Asp Asn Asp Ile Ala Leu 520 525 530 535 att aaa etc aag aac aaa gtc aca ate aac gga age ate atg cct gtt 1685

    Page 34

    2016204452 28 Jun 2016

    lie Lys Leu Lys Asn Lys 540 Val Thr Ile Asn 545 Gly Ser Ile Met Pro Val 550 tgc eta ccg ega aaa gaa get gca tcc tta atg aga aca gac ttc act 1733 Cys Leu Pro Arg Lys Glu Ala Ala Ser Leu Met Arg Thr Asp Phe Thr 555 560 565 gga act gtg get ggc tgg ggg tta acc cag aag ggg ett ett get aga 1781 Gly Thr Val Ala Gly Trp Gly Leu Thr Gin Lys Gly Leu Leu Ala Arg 570 575 580 aac eta atg ttt gtg gac ata cca att get gac cac caa aaa tgt acc 1829 Asn Leu Met Phe Val Asp Ile Pro Ile Ala Asp His Gin Lys Cys Thr 585 590 595 acc gtg tat gaa aag etc tat cca gga gta aga gta age get aac atg 1877 Thr Val Tyr Glu Lys Leu Tyr Pro Gly Val Arg Val Ser Ala Asn Met 600 605 610 615 etc tgt get ggc tta gag act ggt ggc aag gac age tgc aga ggt gac 1925 Leu Cys Ala Gly Leu Glu Thr Gly Gly Lys Asp Ser Cys Arg Gly Asp 620 625 630 agt ggg ggg gca tta gtg ttt eta gat aat gag aca cag ega tgg ttt 1973 Ser Gly Gly Ala Leu Val Phe Leu Asp Asn Glu Thr Gin Arg Trp Phe 635 640 645 gtg gga gga ata gtt tec tgg ggt tcc att aat tgt ggg geg gca ggc 2021 Val Gly Gly Ile Val Ser Trp Gly Ser Ile Asn Cys Gly Ala Ala Gly 650 655 660 cag tat ggg gtc tac aca aaa gtc ate aac tat att ccc tgg aat gag 2069 Gin Tyr Gly Val Tyr Thr Lys Val Ile Asn Tyr Ile Pro Trp Asn Glu 665 670 675 aac ata ata agt aat ttc taa 2090 Asn Ile Ile Ser Asn Phe

    680 685 <210> 51 <211> 685 <212> PRT <213> Murine MASP-2 CDS <400> 51

    Met 1 Arg Leu Leu Ile 5 Phe Leu Gly Leu Leu 10 Trp Ser Leu Val Ala 15 Thr Leu Leu Gly Ser 20 Lys Trp Pro Glu Pro 25 Val Phe Gly Arg Leu 30 Val Ser Pro Gly Phe 35 Pro Glu Lys Tyr Ala 40 Asp His Gin Asp Arg 45 Ser Trp Thr Leu Thr 50 Ala Pro Pro Gly Tyr 55 Arg Leu Arg Leu Tyr 60 Phe Thr His Phe Asp 65 Leu Glu Leu Ser Tyr 70 Arg Cys Glu Tyr Asp 75 Phe Val Lys Leu Ser 80

    Page 35

    2016204452 28 Jun 2016

    Ser Gly Thr Lys Val Leu Ala Thr Leu Cys Gly Gln Glu Ser Thr Asp 85 90 95

    Thr Glu Gln Ala Pro Gly Asn Asp Thr Phe Tyr Ser Leu Gly Pro Ser 100 105 110

    Leu Lys Val Thr Phe His Ser Asp Tyr Ser Asn Glu Lys Pro Phe Thr 115 120 125

    Gly Phe Glu Ala Phe Tyr Ala Ala Glu Asp Val Asp Glu Cys Arg Val 130 135 140

    Ser Leu Gly Asp Ser Val Pro Cys Asp His Tyr Cys His Asn Tyr Leu 145 150 155 160

    Gly Gly Tyr Tyr Cys Ser Cys Arg Ala Gly Tyr Ile Leu His Gln Asn 165 170 175

    Lys His Thr Cys Ser Ala Leu Cys Ser Gly Gln Val Phe Thr Gly Arg 180 185 190

    Ser Gly Tyr Leu Ser Ser Pro Glu Tyr Pro Gln Pro Tyr Pro Lys Leu 195 200 205

    Ser Ser Cys Thr Tyr Ser Ile Arg Leu Glu Asp Gly Phe Ser Val Ile 210 215 220

    Leu Asp Phe Val Glu Ser Phe Asp Val Glu Thr His Pro Glu Ala Gln 225 230 235 240

    Cys Pro Tyr Asp Ser Leu Lys Ile Gln Thr Asp Lys Gly Glu His Gly 245 250 255

    Pro Phe Cys Gly Lys Thr Leu Pro Pro Arg Ile Glu Thr Asp Ser His 260 265 270

    Lys Val Thr Ile Thr Phe Ala Thr Asp Glu Ser Gly Asn His Thr Gly 275 280 285

    Trp Lys Ile His Tyr Thr Ser Thr Ala Arg Pro Cys Pro Asp Pro Thr 290 295 300

    Ala Pro Pro Asn Gly Ser Ile Ser Pro Val Gln Ala Thr Tyr Val Leu 305 310 315 320

    Lys Asp Arg Phe Ser Val Phe Cys Lys Thr Gly Phe Glu Leu Leu Gln 325 330 335

    Gly Ser Val Pro Leu Lys Ser Phe Thr Ala Val Cys Gln Lys Asp Gly

    Page 36

    340 345 350

    2016204452 28 Jun 2016

    Ser Trp Asp Arg Pro Met Pro Glu Cys Ser Ile Ile Asp Cys Gly Pro 355 360 365

    Pro Asp Asp Leu Pro Asn Gly His Val Asp Tyr Ile Thr Gly Pro Gin 370 375 380

    Val Thr Thr Tyr Lys Ala Val Ile Gin Tyr Ser Cys Glu Glu Thr Phe 385 390 395 400

    Tyr Thr Met Ser Ser Asn Gly Lys Tyr Val Cys Glu Ala Asp Gly Phe 405 410 415

    Trp Thr Ser Ser Lys Gly Glu Lys Leu Pro Pro Val Cys Glu Pro Val 420 425 430

    Cys Gly Leu Ser Thr His Thr lie Gly Gly Arg Ile Val Gly Gly Gin 435 440 445

    Pro Ala Lys Pro Gly Asp Phe Pro Trp Gin Val Leu Leu Leu Gly Gin 450 455 460

    Thr Thr Ala Ala Ala Gly Ala Leu Ile His Asp Asn Trp Val Leu Thr 465 470 475 480

    Ala Ala His Ala Val Tyr Glu Lys Arg Met Ala Ala Ser Ser Leu Asn 485 490 495

    Ile Arg Met Gly Ile Leu Lys Arg Leu Ser Pro His Tyr Thr Gin Ala 500 505 510

    Trp Pro Glu Glu Ile Phe Ile His Glu Gly Tyr Thr His Gly Ala Gly 515 520 525

    Phe Asp Asn Asp Ile Ala Leu Ile Lys Leu Lys Asn Lys Val Thr Ile 530 535 540

    Asn Gly Ser Ile Met Pro Val Cys Leu Pro Arg Lys Glu Ala Ala Ser 545 550 555 560

    Leu Met Arg Thr Asp Phe Thr Gly Thr Val Ala Gly Trp Gly Leu Thr 565 570 575

    Gin Lys Gly Leu Leu Ala Arg Asn Leu Met Phe Val Asp Ile Pro Ile 580 585 590

    Ala Asp His Gin Lys Cys Thr Thr Val Tyr Glu Lys Leu Tyr Pro Gly 595 600 605

    Page 37

    2016204452 28 Jun 2016

    Val Arg Val Ser Ala Asn Met Leu Cys Ala Gly Leu Glu Thr Gly Gly 610 615 620 Lys Asp Ser Cys Arg Gly Asp Ser Gly Gly Ala Leu Val Phe Leu Asp 625 630 635 640 Asn Glu Thr Gln Arg Trp Phe Val Gly Gly Ile Val Ser Trp Gly Ser 645 650 655 Ile Asn Cys Gly Ala Ala Gly Gln Tyr Gly Val Tyr Thr Lys Val Ile 660 665 670 Asn Tyr Ile Pro Trp Asn Glu Asn Ile Ile Ser Asn Phe 675 680 685 <210> 52 <211> 670 <212> PRT <213> 1 Murine MASP-2 : mature protein <400> 52 Thr Leu Leu Gly Ser Lys Trp Pro Glu Pro Val Phe Gly Arg Leu Val 1 5 10 15 Ser Pro Gly Phe Pro Glu Lys Tyr Ala Asp His Gln Asp Arg Ser Trp 20 25 30 Thr Leu Thr Ala Pro Pro Gly Tyr Arg Leu Arg Leu Tyr Phe Thr His 35 40 45 Phe Asp Leu Glu Leu Ser Tyr Arg Cys Glu Tyr Asp Phe Val Lys Leu 50 55 60 Ser Ser Gly Thr Lys Val Leu Ala Thr Leu Cys Gly Gln Glu Ser Thr 65 70 75 80 Asp Thr Glu Gln Ala Pro Gly Asn Asp Thr Phe Tyr Ser Leu Gly Pro 85 90 95 Ser Leu Lys Val Thr Phe His Ser Asp Tyr Ser Asn Glu Lys Pro Phe 100 105 110 Thr Gly Phe Glu Ala Phe Tyr Ala Ala Glu Asp Val Asp Glu Cys Arg 115 120 125 Val Ser Leu Gly Asp Ser Val Pro Cys Asp His Tyr Cys His Asn Tyr 130 135 140 Leu Gly Gly Tyr Tyr Cys Ser Cys Arg Ala Gly Tyr Ile Leu His Gln 145 150 155 160

    Page 38

    2016204452 28 Jun 2016

    Asn Lys His Thr Cys 165 Ser Ala Leu Cys Ser 170 Gly Gin Val Phe Thr 175 Gly Arg Ser Gly Tyr Leu Ser Ser Pro Glu Tyr Pro Gin Pro Tyr Pro Lys 180 185 190 Leu Ser Ser Cys Thr Tyr Ser Ile Arg Leu Glu Asp Gly Phe Ser Val 195 200 205 Ile Leu Asp Phe Val Glu Ser Phe Asp Val Glu Thr His Pro Glu Ala 210 215 220 Gin Cys Pro Tyr Asp Ser Leu Lys Ile Gin Thr Asp Lys Gly Glu His 225 230 235 240 Gly Pro Phe Cys Gly Lys Thr Leu Pro Pro Arg Ile Glu Thr Asp Ser 245 250 255 His Lys Val Thr Ile Thr Phe Ala Thr Asp Glu Ser Gly Asn His Thr 260 265 270 Gly Trp Lys Ile His Tyr Thr Ser Thr Ala Arg Pro Cys Pro Asp Pro 275 280 285 Thr Ala Pro Pro Asn Gly Ser Ile Ser Pro Val Gin Ala Thr Tyr Val 290 295 300 Leu Lys Asp Arg Phe Ser Val Phe Cys Lys Thr Gly Phe Glu Leu Leu 305 310 315 320 Gin Gly Ser Val Pro Leu Lys Ser Phe Thr Ala Val Cys Gin Lys Asp 325 330 335 Gly Ser Trp Asp Arg Pro Met Pro Glu Cys Ser Ile Ile Asp Cys Gly 340 345 350 Pro Pro Asp Asp Leu Pro Asn Gly His Val Asp Tyr Ile Thr Gly Pro 355 360 365 Gin Val Thr Thr Tyr Lys Ala Val Ile Gin Tyr Ser Cys Glu Glu Thr 370 375 380 Phe Tyr Thr Met Ser Ser Asn Gly Lys Tyr Val Cys Glu Ala Asp Gly 385 390 395 400 Phe Trp Thr Ser Ser Lys Gly Glu Lys Leu Pro Pro Val Cys Glu Pro

    405 410 415

    Page 39

    2016204452 28 Jun 2016

    Val Cys Gly Leu 420 Ser Thr His Thr Ile Gly Gly Arg Ile Val Gly Gly 425 430 Gln Pro Ala Lys Pro Gly Asp Phe Pro Trp Gln Val Leu Leu Leu Gly 435 440 445 Gln Thr Thr Ala Ala Ala Gly Ala Leu lie His Asp Asn Trp Val Leu 450 455 460 Thr Ala Ala His Ala Val Tyr Glu Lys Arg Met Ala Ala Ser Ser Leu 465 470 475 480 Asn Ile Arg Met Gly Ile Leu Lys Arg Leu Ser Pro His Tyr Thr Gln 485 490 495 Ala Trp Pro Glu Glu Ile Phe Ile His Glu Gly Tyr Thr His Gly Ala 500 505 510 Gly Phe Asp Asn Asp Ile Ala Leu Ile Lys Leu Lys Asn Lys Val Thr 515 520 525 Ile Asn Gly Ser Ile Met Pro Val Cys Leu Pro Arg Lys Glu Ala Ala 530 535 540 Ser Leu Met Arg Thr Asp Phe Thr Gly Thr Val Ala Gly Trp Gly Leu 545 550 555 560 Thr Gln Lys Gly Leu Leu Ala Arg Asn Leu Met Phe Val Asp Ile Pro 565 570 575 Ile Ala Asp His Gln Lys Cys Thr Thr Val Tyr Glu Lys Leu Tyr Pro 580 585 590 Gly Val Arg Val Ser Ala Asn Met Leu Cys Ala Gly Leu Glu Thr Gly 595 600 605 Gly Lys Asp Ser Cys Arg Gly Asp Ser Gly Gly Ala Leu Val Phe Leu 610 615 620 Asp Asn Glu Thr Gln Arg Trp Phe Val Gly Gly Ile Val Ser Trp Gly 625 630 635 640 Ser Ile Asn Cys Gly Ala Ala Gly Gln Tyr Gly Val Tyr Thr Lys Val 645 650 655 Ile Asn Tyr Ile Pro Trp Asn Glu Asn Ile Ile Ser Asn Phe 660 665 670

    <210> 53 <211> 2091

    Page 40

    2016204452 28 Jun 2016 <212> DNA <213> Rat MASP-2 CDS <220>

    <221> CDS <222> (10) .. (2067) <400> 53 tggcacaca atg agg eta ctg ate gtc ctg ggt ctg ett tgg agt ttg gtg 51

    Met Arg Leu Leu Ile Val Leu Gly Leu Leu Trp Ser Leu Val 15 10

    gcc Ala 15 aca Thr ett Leu ttg ggc tcc aag Lys tgg Trp cct Pro gag Glu cct Pro 25 gta Val ttc Phe ggg Gly ege Arg ctg Leu 30 99 Leu Gly Ser 20 gtg tcc ctg gcc ttc cca gag aag tat ggc aac cat cag gat ega tcc 147 Val Ser Leu Ala Phe 35 Pro Glu Lys Tyr Gly 40 Asn His Gin Asp Arg 45 Ser tgg aeg ctg act gca ccc cct ggc ttc ege ctg ege etc tac ttc acc 195 Trp Thr Leu Thr 50 Ala Pro Pro Gly Phe 55 Arg Leu Arg Leu Tyr 60 Phe Thr cac ttc aac ctg gaa etc tet tac ege tgc gag tat gac ttt gtc aag 243 His Phe Asn 65 Leu Glu Leu Ser Tyr 70 Arg Cys Glu Tyr Asp 75 Phe Val Lys ttg acc tea ggg acc aag gtg eta gcc aeg ctg tgt ggg cag gag agt 291 Leu Thr 80 Ser Gly Thr Lys Val 85 Leu Ala Thr Leu Cys 90 Gly Gin Glu Ser aca gat act gag egg gca cct ggc aat gac acc ttc tac tea ctg ggt 339 Thr 95 Asp Thr Glu Arg Ala 100 Pro Gly Asn Asp Thr 105 Phe Tyr Ser Leu Gly 110 ccc age eta aag gtc acc ttc cac tcc gac tac tcc aat gag aag cca 387 Pro Ser Leu Lys Val 115 Thr Phe His Ser Asp 120 Tyr Ser Asn Glu Lys 125 Pro ttc aca gga ttt gag gcc ttc tat gca geg gag gat gtg gat gaa tgc 435 Phe Thr Gly Phe 130 Glu Ala Phe Tyr Ala 135 Ala Glu Asp Val Asp 140 Glu Cys aga aca tcc ctg gga gac tea gtc cct tgt gac cat tat tgc cac aac 483 Arg Thr Ser 145 Leu Gly Asp Ser Val 150 Pro Cys Asp His Tyr 155 Cys His Asn tac ctg ggc ggc tac tac tgc tcc tgc ega gtg ggc tac att ctg cac 531 Tyr Leu 160 Gly Gly Tyr Tyr Cys 165 Ser Cys Arg Val Gly 170 Tyr Ile Leu His cag aac aag cat acc tgc tea gcc ett tgt tea ggc cag gtg ttc act 579 Gin 175 Asn Lys His Thr Cys 180 Ser Ala Leu Cys Ser 185 Gly Gin Val Phe Thr 190 ggg agg tet ggc ttt etc agt age cct gag tac cca cag cca tac ccc 627 Gly Arg Ser Gly Phe 195 Leu Ser Ser Pro Glu 200 Tyr Pro Gin Pro Tyr 205 Pro aaa etc tcc age tgc gcc tac aac ate ege ctg gag gaa ggc ttc agt 675 Lys Leu Ser Ser 210 Cys Ala Tyr Asn Ile 215 Arg Leu Glu Glu Gly 220 Phe Ser ate acc ctg gac ttc gtg gag tcc ttt gat gtg gag atg cac cct gaa 723

    Page 41

    2016204452 28 Jun 2016

    He Thr Leu 225 Asp Phe Val Glu Ser 230 Phe Asp Val Glu Met 235 His Pro Glu gcc cag tgc ccc tac gac tec etc aag att caa aca gac aag agg gaa 771 Ala Gln 240 Cys Pro Tyr Asp Ser 245 Leu Lys Ile Gln Thr 250 Asp Lys Arg Glu tac ggc ccg ttt tgt ggg aag aeg ctg ccc ccc agg att gaa act gac 819 Tyr 255 Gly Pro Phe Cys Gly 260 Lys Thr Leu Pro Pro 265 Arg Ile Glu Thr Asp 270 age aac aag gtg acc att acc ttt acc acc gac gag tea ggg aac cac 867 Ser Asn Lys Val Thr 275 Ile Thr Phe Thr Thr 280 Asp Glu Ser Gly Asn 285 His aca ggc tgg aag ata cac tac aca age aca gca cag ccc tgc cct gat 915 Thr Gly Trp Lys 290 Ile His Tyr Thr Ser 295 Thr Ala Gln Pro Cys 300 Pro Asp cca aeg gcg cca cct aat ggt cac att tea cct gtg caa gcc aeg tat 963 Pro Thr Ala 305 Pro Pro Asn Gly His 310 Ile Ser Pro Val Gln 315 Ala Thr Tyr gtc ctg aag gac age ttt tet gtc ttc tgc aag act ggc ttc gag ett 1011 Val Leu 320 Lys Asp Ser Phe Ser 325 Val Phe Cys Lys Thr 330 Gly Phe Glu Leu ctg caa ggt tet gtc ccc ctg aag tea ttc act get gtc tgt cag aaa 1059 Leu 335 Gln Gly Ser Val Pro 340 Leu Lys Ser Phe Thr 345 Ala Val Cys Gln Lys 350 gat gga tet tgg gac egg ccg ata cca gag tgc age att att gac tgt 1107 Asp Gly Ser Trp Asp 355 Arg Pro Ile Pro Glu 360 Cys Ser Ile Ile Asp 365 Cys ggc cct ccc gat gac eta ccc aat ggc cac gtg gac tat ate aca ggc 1155 Gly Pro Pro Asp 370 Asp Leu Pro Asn Gly 375 His Val Asp Tyr Ile 380 Thr Gly cot gaa gtg acc acc tac aaa get gtg att cag tac age tgt gaa gag 1203 Pro Glu Val 385 Thr Thr Tyr Lys Ala 390 Val Ile Gln Tyr Ser 395 Cys Glu Glu act ttc tac aca atg age age aat ggt aaa tat gtg tgt gag get gat 1251 Thr Phe 400 Tyr Thr Met Ser Ser 405 Asn Gly Lys Tyr Val 410 Cys Glu Ala Asp gga ttc tgg aeg age tec aaa gga gaa aaa tec etc ccg gtt tgc aag 1299 Gly 415 Phe Trp Thr Ser Ser 420 Lys Gly Glu Lys Ser 425 Leu Pro Val Cys Lys 430 cct gtc tgt gga ctg tec aca cac act tea gga ggc cgt ata att gga 1347 Pro Val Cys Gly Leu 435 Ser Thr His Thr Ser 440 Gly Gly Arg Ile Ile 445 Gly gga cag cct gca aag cct ggt gac ttt cct tgg caa gtc ttg tta ctg 1395 Gly Gln Pro Ala 450 Lys Pro Gly Asp Phe 455 Pro Trp Gln Val Leu 460 Leu Leu ggt gaa act aca gca gca ggt get ett ata cat gac gac tgg gtc eta 1443 Gly Glu Thr 465 Thr Ala Ala Gly Ala 470 Leu Ile His Asp Asp 475 Trp Val Leu aca gcg get cat get gta tat ggg aaa aca gag gcg atg tec tec ctg 1491 Thr Ala Ala His Ala Val Tyr Gly Lys Thr Glu Ala Met Ser Ser Leu

    480 485 490

    Page 42

    2016204452 28 Jun 2016

    gac ate ege atg ggc ate etc aaa agg etc tcc etc att tac act caa Asp 495 Ile Arg Met Gly Ile 500 Leu Lys Arg Leu Ser 505 Leu Ile Tyr Thr Gln 510 gcc tgg cca gag get gtc ttt ate cat gaa ggc tac act cac gga get Ala Trp Pro Glu Ala 515 Val Phe Ile His Glu 520 Gly Tyr Thr His Gly 525 Ala ggt ttt gac aat gat ata gca ctg att aaa etc aag aac .aaa gtc aca Gly Phe Asp Asn 530 Asp Ile Ala Leu Ile 535 Lys Leu Lys Asn Lys 540 Val Thr ate aac aga aac ate atg ccg att tgt eta cca aga aaa gaa get gca Ile Asn Arg 545 Asn Ile Met Pro Ile 550 Cys Leu Pro Arg Lys 555 Glu Ala Ala tcc tta atg aaa aca gac ttc gtt gga act gtg get ggc tgg ggg tta Ser Leu 560 Met Lys Thr Asp Phe 565 Val Gly Thr Val Ala 570 Gly Trp Gly Leu acc cag aag ggg ttt ett get aga aac eta atg ttt gtg gac ata cca Thr 575 Gln Lys Gly Phe Leu 580 Ala Arg Asn Leu Met 585 Phe Val Asp Ile Pro 590 att gtt gac cac caa aaa tgt get act geg tat aca aag cag ccc tac Ile Val Asp His Gln 595 Lys Cys Ala Thr Ala 600 Tyr Thr Lys Gln Pro 605 Tyr cca gga gca aaa gtg act gtt aac atg etc tgt get ggc eta gac ege Pro Gly Ala Lys 610 Val Thr Val Asn Met 615 Leu Cys Ala Gly Leu 620 Asp Arg ggt ggc aag gac age tgc aga ggt gac age gga ggg gca tta gtg ttt Gly Gly Lys 625 Asp Ser Cys Arg Gly 630 Asp Ser Gly Gly Ala 635 Leu Val Phe eta gac aat gaa aca cag aga tgg ttt gtg gga gga ata gtt tcc tgg Leu Asp 640 Asn Glu Thr Gln Arg 645 Trp Phe Val Gly Gly 650 Ile Val Ser Trp ggt tet att aac tgt ggg ggg tea gaa cag tat ggg gtc tac aeg aaa Gly 655 Ser Ile Asn Cys Gly 660 Gly Ser Glu Gln Tyr 665 Gly Val Tyr Thr Lys 670 gtc aeg aac tat att ccc tgg att gag aac ata ata aat aat ttc taa Val Thr Asn Tyr Ile 675 Pro Trp Ile Glu Asn 680 Ile Ile Asn Asn Phe 685

    1539

    1587

    1635

    1683

    1731

    1779

    1827

    1875

    1923

    1971

    2019

    2067

    tttgcaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaa <210> 54 <211> 685 <212> PRT <213> Rat MASP-2 CDS <400> 54 Met Arg Leu Leu Ile Val Leu Gly Leu Leu Trp Ser Leu Val Ala Thr 1 5 10 15

    2091

    Leu Leu Gly Ser Lys Trp Pro Glu 20

    Pro Val Phe 25

    Gly Arg Leu Val Ser 30

    Page 43

    2016204452 28 Jun 2016

    Leu Ala

    Leu Thr 50

    Asn Leu 65

    Ser Gly

    Thr Glu

    Leu Lys

    Gly Phe 130

    Ser Leu 145

    Gly Gly

    Lys His

    Ser Gly

    Ser Ser 210

    Leu Asp 225

    Cys Pro

    Pro Phe

    Lys Val

    Trp Lys

    Phe Pro 35

    Ala Pro

    Glu Leu

    Thr Lys

    Arg Ala 100

    Val Thr 115

    Glu Ala

    Gly Asp

    Tyr Tyr

    Thr Cys 180

    Phe Leu 195

    Cys Ala

    Phe Val

    Tyr Asp

    Cys Gly 260

    Thr Ile 275

    Ile His

    Glu Lys Tyr Gly Asn His Gln 40

    Pro Gly Phe Arg Leu Arg Leu 55

    Ser Tyr Arg Cys Glu Tyr Asp 70 75

    Val Leu Ala Thr Leu Cys Gly 85 90

    Pro Gly Asn Asp Thr Phe Tyr 105

    Phe His Ser Asp Tyr Ser Asn 120

    Phe Tyr Ala Ala Glu Asp Val 135

    Ser Val Pro Cys Asp His Tyr 150 155

    Cys Ser Cys Arg Val Gly Tyr 165 170

    Ser Ala Leu Cys Ser Gly Gln 185

    Ser Ser Pro Glu Tyr Pro Gln 200

    Tyr Asn Ile Arg Leu Glu Glu 215

    Glu Ser Phe Asp Val Glu Met 230 235

    Ser Leu Lys Ile Gln Thr Asp 245 250

    Lys Thr Leu Pro Pro Arg Ile 265

    Thr Phe Thr Thr Asp Glu Ser 280

    Tyr Thr Ser Thr Ala Gln Pro

    Asp Arg Ser Trp Thr 45

    Tyr Phe Thr His Phe 60

    Phe Val Lys Leu Thr 80

    Gln Glu Ser Thr Asp 95

    Ser Leu Gly Pro Ser 110

    Glu Lys Pro Phe Thr 125

    Asp Glu Cys Arg Thr 140

    Cys His Asn Tyr Leu 160

    Ile Leu His Gln Asn 175

    Val Phe Thr Gly Arg 190

    Pro Tyr Pro Lys Leu 205

    Gly Phe Ser Ile Thr 220

    His Pro Glu Ala Gln 240

    Lys Arg Glu Tyr Gly 255

    Glu Thr Asp Ser Asn 270

    Gly Asn His Thr Gly 285

    Cys Pro Asp Pro Thr

    Page 44

    2016204452 28 Jun 2016

    290 295 300 Ala Pro Pro Asn Gly His Ile Ser Pro Val Gin Ala Thr Tyr Val Leu 305 310 315 320 Lys Asp Ser Phe Ser Val Phe Cys Lys Thr Gly Phe Glu Leu Leu Gin 325 330 335 Gly Ser Val Pro Leu Lys Ser Phe Thr Ala Val Cys Gin Lys Asp Gly 340 345 350 Ser Trp Asp Arg Pro Ile Pro Glu Cys Ser Ile Ile Asp Cys Gly Pro 355 360 365 Pro Asp Asp Leu Pro Asn Gly His Val Asp Tyr Ile Thr Gly Pro Glu 370 375 380 Val Thr Thr Tyr Lys Ala Val Ile Gin Tyr Ser Cys Glu Glu Thr Phe 385 390 395 400 Tyr Thr Met Ser Ser Asn Gly Lys Tyr Val Cys Glu Ala Asp Gly Phe 405 410 415 Trp Thr Ser Ser Lys Gly Glu Lys Ser Leu Pro Val Cys Lys Pro Val 420 425 430 Cys Gly Leu Ser Thr His Thr Ser Gly Gly Arg Ile Ile Gly Gly Gin 435 440 445 Pro Ala Lys Pro Gly Asp Phe Pro Trp Gin Val Leu Leu Leu Gly Glu 450 455 460 Thr Thr Ala Ala Gly Ala Leu Ile His Asp Asp Trp Val Leu Thr Ala 465 470 475 480 Ala His Ala Val Tyr Gly Lys Thr Glu Ala Met Ser Ser Leu Asp Ile 485 490 495 Arg Met Gly Ile Leu Lys Arg Leu Ser Leu lie Tyr Thr Gin Ala Trp 500 505 510 Pro Glu Ala Val Phe Ile His Glu Gly Tyr Thr His Gly Ala Gly Phe 515 520 525 Asp Asn Asp Ile Ala Leu Ile Lys Leu Lys Asn Lys Val Thr Ile Asn 530 535 540 Arg Asn Ile Met Pro Ile Cys Leu Pro Arg Lys Glu Ala Ala Ser Leu

    545 550 555 560

    Page 45

    2016204452 28 Jun 2016

    Met Lys Thr Asp Phe Val 565 Gly Thr Val Ala Gly Trp Gly Leu Thr Gin 570 575 Lys Gly Phe Leu Ala Arg Asn Leu Met Phe Val Asp Ile Pro Ile Val 580 585 590 Asp His Gin Lys Cys Ala Thr Ala Tyr Thr Lys Gin Pro Tyr Pro Gly 595 600 605 Ala Lys Val Thr Val Asn Met Leu Cys Ala Gly Leu Asp Arg Gly Gly 610 615 620 Lys Asp Ser Cys Arg Gly Asp Ser Gly Gly Ala Leu Val Phe Leu Asp 625 630 635 640 Asn Glu Thr Gin Arg Trp Phe Val Gly Gly Ile Val Ser Trp Gly Ser 645 650 655 Ile Asn Cys Gly Gly Ser Glu Gin Tyr Gly Val Tyr Thr Lys Val Thr 660 665 670 Asn Tyr Ile Pro Trp Ile Glu Asn Ile Ile Asn Asn Phe 675 680 685 <210> 55 <211> i 670 <212> ] PRT <213> 1 lat MASP- -2 mature protein <4oo> : 55 Thr Leu Leu Gly Ser Lys Trp Pro Glu Pro Val Phe Gly Arg Leu Val 1 5 10 15 Ser Leu Ala Phe Pro Glu Lys Tyr Gly Asn His Gin Asp Arg Ser Trp 20 25 30 Thr Leu Thr Ala Pro Pro Gly Phe Arg Leu Arg Leu Tyr Phe Thr His 35 40 45 Phe Asn Leu Glu Leu Ser Tyr Arg Cys Glu Tyr Asp Phe Val Lys Leu 50 • 55 60 Thr Ser Gly Thr Lys Val Leu Ala Thr Leu Cys Gly Gin Glu Ser Thr 65 70 75 80 Asp Thr Glu Arg Ala Pro Gly Asn Asp Thr Phe Tyr Ser Leu Gly Pro 85 90 95 Ser Leu Lys Val Thr Phe His Ser Asp Tyr Ser Asn Glu Lys Pro Phe 100 105 110

    Page 46

    2016204452 28 Jun 2016

    Thr Gly Phe Glu Ala Phe Tyr Ala Ala Glu Asp Val Asp Glu Cys Arg 115 120 125 Thr Ser Leu Gly Asp Ser Val Pro Cys Asp His Tyr Cys His Asn Tyr 130 135 140 Leu Gly Gly Tyr Tyr Cys Ser Cys Arg Val Gly Tyr Ile Leu His Gln 145 150 155 160 Asn Lys His Thr Cys Ser Ala Leu Cys Ser Gly Gln Val Phe Thr Gly 165 170 175 Arg Ser Gly Phe Leu Ser Ser Pro Glu Tyr Pro Gln Pro Tyr Pro Lys 180 185 190 Leu Ser Ser Cys Ala Tyr Asn Ile Arg Leu Glu Glu Gly Phe Ser Ile 195 200 205 Thr Leu Asp Phe Val Glu Ser Phe Asp Val Glu Met His Pro Glu Ala 210 215 220 Gln Cys Pro Tyr Asp Ser Leu Lys Ile Gln Thr Asp Lys Arg Glu Tyr 225 230 235 240 Gly Pro Phe Cys Gly Lys Thr Leu Pro Pro Arg Ile Glu Thr Asp Ser 245 250 255 Asn Lys Val Thr Ile Thr Phe Thr Thr Asp Glu Ser Gly Asn His Thr 260 265 270 Gly Trp Lys Ile His Tyr Thr Ser Thr Ala Gln Pro Cys Pro Asp Pro 275 280 285 Thr Ala Pro Pro Asn Gly His Ile Ser Pro Val Gln Ala Thr Tyr Val 290 295 300 Leu Lys Asp Ser Phe Ser Val Phe Cys Lys Thr Gly Phe Glu Leu Leu 305 310 315 320 Gln Gly Ser Val Pro Leu Lys Ser Phe Thr Ala Val Cys Gln Lys Asp 325 330 335 Gly Ser Trp Asp Arg Pro Ile Pro Glu Cys Ser Ile Ile Asp Cys Gly 340 345 350 Pro Pro Asp Asp Leu Pro Asn Gly His Val Asp Tyr Ile Thr Gly Pro

    355 360 365

    Page 47

    2016204452 28 Jun 2016

    Glu Val 370 Thr Thr Tyr Lys Ala 375 Val He Gin Tyr Ser 380 Cys Glu Glu Thr Phe 385 Tyr Thr Met Ser Ser 390 Asn Gly Lys Tyr Val 395 Cys Glu Ala Asp Gly 400 Phe Trp Thr Ser Ser 405 Lys Gly Glu Lys Ser 410 Leu Pro Val Cys Lys 415 Pro Val Cys Gly Leu 420 Ser Thr His Thr Ser 425 Gly Gly Arg lie lie 430 Gly Gly Gin Pro Ala 435 Lys Pro Gly Asp Phe 440 Pro Trp Gin Val Leu 445 Leu Leu Gly Glu Thr 450 Thr Ala Ala Gly Ala 455 Leu He His Asp Asp 460 Trp Val Leu Thr Ala 465 Ala His Ala Val Tyr 470 Gly Lys Thr Glu Ala 475 Met Ser Ser Leu Asp 480 lie Arg Met Gly He 485 Leu Lys Arg Leu Ser 490 Leu He Tyr Thr Gin 495 Ala Trp Pro Glu Ala 500 Val Phe He His Glu 505 Gly Tyr Thr His Gly 510 Ala Gly Phe Asp Asn 515 Asp He Ala Leu lie 520 Lys Leu Lys Asn Lys 525 Val Thr He Asn Arg 530 Asn He Met Pro lie 535 Cys Leu Pro Arg Lys 540 Glu Ala Ala Ser Leu 545 Met Lys Thr Asp Phe 550 Val Gly Thr Val Ala 555 Gly Trp Gly Leu Thr 560 Gin Lys Gly Phe Leu 565 Ala Arg Asn Leu Met 570 Phe Val Asp lie Pro 575 He Val Asp His Gin 580 Lys Cys Ala Thr Ala 585 Tyr Thr Lys Gin Pro 590 Tyr Pro Gly Ala Lys 595 Val Thr Val Asn Met 600 Leu Cys Ala Gly Leu 605 Asp Arg Gly Gly Lys 610 Asp Ser Cys Arg Gly 615 Asp Ser Gly Gly Ala 620 Leu Val Phe Leu Asp Asn Glu Thr Gin Arg Trp Phe Val Gly Gly He Val Ser Trp Gly

    625 630 635 640

    Page 48

    2016204452 28 Jun 2016

    Ser Ile Asn Cys Gly Gly Ser 645 Glu Gin Tyr Gly Val 650 Tyr Thr Lys Val 655 Thr Asn Tyr Ile Pro Trp Ile Glu Asn Ile Ile Asn Asn Phe 660 665 670 <210> 56 <211> 28 <212> DNA <213> Artificial Sequence <220> <223> Homo Sapien MASP-2 PCR primer

    <400> 56 atgaggctgc tgaccctcct gggccttc 28 <210> 57 <211> 23 <212> DNA <213> Artificial Sequence <220>

    <223> Homo Sapien MASP-2 PCR primer <400> 57 >

    gtgcccctcc tgcgtcacct ctg 23 <210> 58 <211> 23 <212> DNA <213> Artificial Sequence <220>

    <223> Homo Sapien MASP-2 PCR primer <400> 58 cagaggtgac'gcaggagggg cac 23 <210> 59 <211> 27 <212> DNA <213> Artificial Sequence <220>

    <223> Homo Sapien MASP-2 PCR primer <400> 59 ttaaaatcac taattatgtt ctcgatc 27

    <210> 60 <211> 22 <212> DNA <213> Artificial Sequence <220> <223> Murine MASP-2 PCR primer

    Page 49

    2016204452 28 Jun 2016 <400> 60 atgaggctac tcatcttcct gg 22

    <210> <211> <212> <213> 61 23 DNA Artificial Sequence <220> <223> Murine MASP-2 PCR primer

    <400> 61 ctgcagaggt gacgcagggg ggg 23

    <210> <211> <212> <213> 62 23 DNA Artificial Sequence <220> <223> Murine MASP-2 PCR primer

    <400> 62 ccccccctgc gtcacctctg cag 23

    <210> <211> <212> <213> 63 29 DNA Artificial Sequence <220> <223> Murine MASP-2 PCR primer

    <400> 63 ttagaaatta cttattatgt tctcaatcc 29

    <210> <211> <212> <213> 64 29 DNA Artificial Sequence <220> <223> Oligonucleotide from rat MASP-2

    <400> 64 gaggtgacgc aggaggggca ttagtgttt 29

    <210> <211> <212> <213> 65 37 DNA Artificial Sequence <220> <223> Oligonucleotide from rat MASP-2

    <400> 65 ctagaaacac taatgcccct cctgcgtcac ctctgca 37

    Page 50