AU2017290135B2

AU2017290135B2 - Mixtures of sabadilla alkaloids and Bacillus thuringiensis and uses thereof

Info

Publication number: AU2017290135B2
Application number: AU2017290135A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Donald L. Sundquist; Robert A. Suranyi
Original assignee: Mclaughlin Gormley King Co
Current assignee: Mclaughlin Gormley King Co
Priority date: 2016-07-01
Filing date: 2017-06-29
Publication date: 2021-04-15
Anticipated expiration: 2037-06-29
Also published as: ES2979056T3; CA3028656A1; ZA201808383B; EP3797593B1; MY194981A; EP3478068A1; HUE054188T2; WO2018005756A1; US10426172B2; US20180000094A1; MY198896A; US20200015483A1; AU2017290135A1; PH12018502678A1; BR112018077124B1; BR112018077124A2; JP7090040B2; CN109688815A; CL2018003741A1; ES2843148T3

Abstract

The present invention is directed to pesticidal mixtures comprising sabadilla alkaloids and

Description

MIXTURES OF SABADILLA ALKALOIDS AND BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS AND USES THEREOF FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The present invention is directed to pesticidal mixtures comprising sabadilla

alkaloids and Bacillus thuringiensisand methods of controlling pests including insects and mites

by application of pesticidal mixtures comprising sabadilla alkaloids and Bacillus thuringiensis.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] Arthropod pests are one of the major threats to human welfare and exert continued

stress on the food supply and transmit a broad array of medical and veterinary diseases. Synthetic

insecticides played a significant role and in many ways ushered in modern agriculture and pest

control. However, the widespread use of synthetic insecticides also created numerous

environmental challenges. The acute effects of synthetic pesticides on professional applicators

and other end users are well-known but the chronic long term human health effects can be equally

serious. Further, the use of synthetic insecticides has led to the development of resistant insect

populations. Insecticide resistance is a complex phenomenon underlined by a diverse array of

physiological mechanisms. Major mechanisms that are responsible for the development of

insecticide resistance are metabolic detoxification, target site mutation, reduced cuticular

penetration and behavioral avoidance.

[0003] Integrated Pest Management ("IPM") is a holistic approach to pest management.

A fundamental aspect of insecticide utilization under the broader framework of IPM is the

management of insecticide resistance (IRM) by the utilization of insecticide combinations that

reduce the rate of resistance development. A combination of insecticides with different modes of

action is fundamentally a concept based upon the idea of redundant killing of target insects. Insects adapted to one of the active ingredient in the combination product will still be killed by the other active ingredient. Mixtures can also reduce the amount of pesticides applied in the environment and the environmental impact associated with pesticide applications.

[0004] Most botanical insecticides are readily biodegradable and significantly less harmful

to the environment and users than synthetic insecticides. The very short environmental

persistence, usually less than 24 hours, of plant derived insecticides is favorable to the survival of

non-target, beneficial parasites and predators which are important components of IPM. Unlike

conventional insecticides which are typically based on a single active ingredient, plant derived

insecticides usually comprise an array of chemical compounds that affect both behavioral and

physiological functions of the target arthropods. The probability of pest resistance developing to

plant derived insecticides is less than that for synthetic pesticides because these mixtures may have

a variety of modes of action.

[0005] One effective naturally derived pesticide is found in the tissues of many of the

plants of the genus Schoenocaulon, commonly referred to as sabadilla. The species with the

longest history of use, and the most readily available, is Schoenocaulon officinale. The plant is

indigenous to Central and South America and its seeds have been used for centuries for their

insecticidal properties. The seeds contain several alkaloids including veratridine and cevadine,

both of which are known to be active against arthropods.

[0006] Bacillus thuringiensis is a natural soil bacterium. Many Bacillus thuringiensis

strains produce crystal proteins during sporulation called 6-endotoxins which can be used as

biological insecticides. Bacillus thuringiensis produces crystals which paralyze the digestive

system of some larvae within minutes. The larvae eventually die of starvation. One advantage of

using Bacillus thuringiensis is that they are target specific. They do not harm humans or other non-target species. Yet another advantage of Bacillus thuringiensisis that they can be used on organic crops. Further, with no mandated pre-harvest interval, it can also be used on crops right before harvest.

[00071 Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai is commercially available as XenTari@ (available from Valent BioSciences Corporation, XenTari is a registered trademark of Valent BioSciences Corporation). Bacillus thuringiensissubsp. kurstaki is commercially available as Dipel (available from Valent BioSciences Corporation, Dipel is a registered trademark of Valent BioSciences Corporation). Bacillus thuringiensissubsp. thuringiensis is commercially available as Novodor (available from Valent BioSciences Corporation).

[0008] Thus, there is a need in the art for pesticide combinations that contain naturally derived pesticides that may decrease health concerns to humans and/or may decrease the risk of the development of pesticide resistance.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0008a] In a first aspect of the invention there is provided a pesticidal mixture comprising an effective amount of sabadilla alkaloids and Bacillus thuringiensis, wherein Bacillus thuringiensisconsists of a subspecies selected from the group consisting of Bacillus thuringiensis aizawai, Bacillus thuringiensiskurstaki and combinations thereof and wherein the ratio of sabadilla alkaloids to Bacillus thuringiensisis from about 1:1 to about 1:100.

[0008b] In a second aspect of the invention there is provided a method of controlling a pest comprising applying a pesticidal mixture comprising an effective amount of sabadilla alkaloids and Bacillus thuringiensis to the pest or the pest's environment, wherein Bacillus thuringiensis consists of a subspecies selected from the group consisting of Bacillus thuringiensisaizawai, Bacillus thuringiensiskurstaki, and combinations thereof and wherein the ratio of sabadilla alkaloids to Bacillus thuringiensisis from about 1:1 to about 1:100.

[0009] In another aspect, the present invention is directed to pesticidal mixtures of sabadilla alkaloids and Bacillus thuringiensis.

[00010] In another aspect, the present invention is directed to methods of controlling pests, including insects and mites, comprising applying an effective amount of a mixture of sabadilla alkaloids and B. thuringiensis.

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3a

[00011] In a preferred aspect, the sabadilla alkaloids are derived from Schoenocaulon officinale.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[00012] Applicant unexpectedly discovered that pesticidal mixtures of sabdilla alkaloids and Bacillus thuringiensisprovided enhanced pesticidal activity compared to either pesticide

(27166165_1):AXG alone. Specifically, this combination results in a reduced rate of resistance development. Further,

Applicant discovered that pesticidal mixtures of sabadilla alkaloids and Bacillus thuringiensis

were capable of controlling a large variety of arthropods.

[0013] The present invention is directed to pesticidal mixtures comprising an effective

amount of sabadilla alkaloids and B. thuringiensis.

[0014] Sabadilla alkaloids may be derived from any species of Schoenocaulon. The genus

Schoenocaulon includes the following species: S. calcicola, S. caricfolium, S. comatum, S.

conzattii, S. dubium (alt. S. gracile), S. frame, S. ghiesbreghtii (alt. S. drummondii, S.

yucatanense), S. ignigenum, S. intermedium, S. jaliscense, S. macrocarpum (alt. S. lauricola), S.

madidorum, S. megarrhizum, S. mortonii, S. oaxacense, S. obtusum, S. officinale, S. pellucidum,

S. plumosum, S. pringlei, S. rzedowskii, S. tenorioi, S. tenue, S. tenuifolium, S. texanum, and S.

tigrense. In a preferred embodiment the Schoenocaulon sp. alkaloids are derived from S.

officinale. In another preferred embodiment the Schoenocaulon sp. alkaloids are veratridine and

cevadine.

[0015] B. thuringiensisincludes many subspecies, each of which are suitable for use in the

present invention alone, or in combination. Subspecies of B. thuringiensisinclude, but are not

limited to, aizawai, alesti, berliner, pnitimus, cameroun, canadiensis, colmeri, coreanensis, dakota,

darmstadiensis, dendrolimus, entomocidus, fukuokaensis, galleriae, higo, indiana, israelensis,

japonensis, japonensis Buibui, jegathesan, kenyae, kumamotoensis, kunthala, kurstaki,

kyushuensis, Medellin, mexcanensis, morrisoni, neoleonensis, nigeriae, oloke, ongbei, ostriniae,

pakistani, pondicheriensis, roskildiensis, san diego, shandogiensis, shanghai, silo, sotto,

subtoxicus, tenebrionis, thompsoni, thuringiensis, tochigiensis, tohokuensis, tolworthi,

toumanoffi, wuhanensis, yunnanensis. In a preferred embodiment, B. thuringiensis comprises bacteria of subspecies selected from aizawai, israelensis, kurstaki, thuringiensis and combinations thereof. In a more preferred embodiment, B. thuringiensis comprises bacteria of subspecies selected from aizawai, kurstaki, thuringiensis and combinations thereof. In another preferred embodiment, B. thuringiensiscomprises bacteria from a combination of subspecies selected from the group consisting of: aizawai and kurstaki; aizawai and thuringiensis; and kurstaki and thuringiensis.

[0016] As used herein, all numerical values relating to amounts, weight percentages and

the like are defined as "about" or "approximately" each particular value, namely, plus or minus 10

%. For example, the phrase "at least 5 % by weight" is to be understood as "at least 4.5 % to 5.5

% by weight." Therefore, amounts within 10 % of the claimed values are encompassed by the

scope of the claims.

[0017] The term "effective amount" means the amount of the formulation that will control

the target pest. The "effective amount" will vary depending on the mixture concentration, the type

of pest(s) being treated, the severity of the pest infestation, the result desired, and the life stage of

the pest during treatment, among other factors. Thus, it is not always possible to specify an exact

"effective amount." However, an appropriate "effective amount" in any individual case may be

determined by one of ordinary skill in the art.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment, the ratio of sabadilla alkaloids to B. thuringiensis is

from about 2:1 to about 1:200, preferably from about 1:1 to about 1:100.

[0019] In another preferred embodiment, the pesticidal mixtures of the present invention

may contain one or more excipients selected from the group consisting of solvents, anti-caking

agents, stabilizers, defoamers, slip agents, humectants, dispersants, wetting agents, thickening

agents, emulsifiers, penetrants, adjuvants, synergists, polymers, propellants and/or preservatives.

[0020] The present invention is further directed to methods of controlling a pest

comprising applying a pesticidal mixture comprising an effective amount of sabadilla alkaloids

and B. thuringiensisto the pest or the pest's environment.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment, the pest is selected from an insect and a mite.

[0022] In an embodiment, the pest controlled is selected from the group consisting of

aphids (Homoptera), whiteflies (Hemiptera), thrips (Thysanoptera), bed bugs (Hemiptera), fleas

(Siphonaptera), caterpillars/worms (Lepidoptera), beetles (Coleoptera), cockroaches (Blattodea),

flies (Diptera), ants (Hymenoptera), mosquitoes (Culicidae) and mites (Acari). In a preferred

embodiment, the pest controlled are selected from the group consisting of common bed bugs

(Cimex lectularius), green peach aphids (Myzus persicae), house fly (Muscadomestica), yellow

fever mosquito (Aedes aegypti), southern house mosquito (Culex quinquefasciatus), African

malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae), common malaria mosquito (Anopheles quadrimaculatus)

and German cockroach (Blattellagermanica).

[0023] The pesticidal mixtures of the present invention can be applied by any convenient

means. Those skilled in the art are familiar with the modes of application including spraying,

brushing, soaking, in-furrow treatments, granules, pressurized liquids (aerosols), fogging or side

dressing.

[0024] In a preferred embodiment, sabadilla alkaloids are applied to the pest or the pest's

environment at a rate from about 1 to about 1,000 grams per hectare ("g/HA"), preferably from

about 10 to about 700 g/HA and most preferably from about 22 to about 560 g/HA.

[0025] In a preferred embodiment, B. thuringiensis is applied to the pest or the pest's

environment at a rate from about I to about 5,000 g/HA, more preferably from about 100 to about

3,000 g/HA and most preferably from about 560 to about 2,242 g/HA.

[0026] As used herein, "control" a pest or "controlling" pest(s) refers to killing,

incapacitating, repelling, or otherwise decreasing the negative impact of the pest on plants or

animals to a level that is desirable to the grower or animal.

[0027] As used herein, "pest's environment" refers to any area that the pest is present

during any life stage. One environment likely to be treated by the methods of the present invention

includes the plants that the pest is living on and the surrounding soil. The pest's environment may

also include harvested plants, gardens, fields, greenhouses, or other buildings, and various indoor

surfaces and structures, such as furniture including beds, and furnishings including books,

clothing, etc.

[0028] The articles "a," "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural as well as the

singular, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. For example, the methods of the present

invention are directed to controlling "pest" but this can include control of a multiple pests (such

as a more than one insect or more than one insect species or more than one mite or more than one

mite species).

[0029] The following examples are intended to illustrate the present invention and to teach

one of ordinary skill in the art how to use the extracts of the invention. They are not intended to

be limiting in any way.

EXAMPLES

[0030] Dipel@ was used as the source of B. thuringiensissubspecies kurstaki ("Btk").

[0031] Xentari@ was used as the source of B. thuringiensissubspecies aiwazai ("Bta").

[0032] Novodor was used as the source of B. thuringiensis subspecies thuringiensis

("Btt").

Example 1 - Control of caterpillars/worms (Lepidoptera) with B. thuringiensissubspecies

aiwazai

[0033] In this study, the response of caterpillars/worms (Lepidoptera) to application of a

1:25, 1:1, 1:100 and 1:4 ratio of sabadilla (S. officinale) alkaloids to Bta will be observed.

Specifically, sabadilla alkaloids and Bta will be applied to the pest at the respective rates of: 1) 22

g/HA and 560 g/HA; 2) 560 g/HA and 560 g/HA; 3) 22 g/HA and 2242 g/HA; and 4) 560 g/HA

and 2242 g/HA.

[0034] The results of the study are predicted to show enhanced activity including reduced

rates of resistance.

Example 2 - Control of caterpillars/worms (Lepidoptera) with B. thuringiensissubspecies

kurstaki

[0035] In this study, the response of caterpillars/worms (Lepidoptera) to application of a

and 2242 g/HA.

[0036] The results of the study are predicted to show enhanced activity including reduced

rates of resistance.

Example 3 - Control of caterpillars/worms (Lepidoptera) with B. thuringiensissubspecies

thuringiensis

[0037] In this study, the response of caterpillars/worms (Lepidoptera) to application of a

Specifically, sabadilla alkaloids and Bta will be applied to the pest at the respective rates of: 1) 22 g/HA and 560 g/HA; 2) 560 g/HA and 560 g/HA; 3) 22 g/HA and 2242 g/HA; and 4) 560 g/HA and 2242 g/HA.

[0038] The results of the study are predicted to show enhanced activity including reduced

rates of resistance.

Claims

CLAIMS:

1. A pesticidal mixture comprising an effective amount of sabadilla alkaloids and Bacillus thuringiensis, wherein Bacillus thuringiensisconsists of a subspecies selected from the group consisting of Bacillus thuringiensisaizawai, Bacillus thuringiensiskurstaki and combinations thereof and wherein the ratio of sabadilla alkaloids to Bacillus thuringiensisis from about 1:1 to about 1:100.

2. The mixture of claim 1, wherein the sabadilla alkaloids are derived from Schoenocaulon officinale.

3. The mixture of claim 1, wherein the sabadilla alkaloids are veratridine and cevadine.

4. The mixture of any one of claims 1 to 3 further comprising one or more excipients selected from the group consisting of solvents, anti-caking agents, stabilizers, defoamers, slip agents, humectants, dispersants, wetting agents, thickening agents, emulsifiers, penetrants, adjuvants, synergists, polymers, propellants and/or preservatives.

5. A method of controlling a pest comprising applying a pesticidal mixture comprising an effective amount of sabadilla alkaloids and Bacillus thuringiensis to the pest or the pest's environment, wherein Bacillus thuringiensis consists of a subspecies selected from the group consisting of Bacillus thuringiensisaizawai, Bacillus thuringiensiskurstaki, and combinations thereof and wherein the ratio of sabadilla alkaloids to Bacillus thuringiensisis from about 1:1 to about 1:100.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the pest is at least one of an insect and a mite.

7. The method of claim 5, wherein the pest is selected from the group consisting of aphids (Homoptera), whiteflies (Hemiptera), thrips (Thysanoptera), bed bugs (Hemiptera), fleas (Siphonaptera), caterpillars/worms (Lepidoptera), beetles (Coleoptera), cockroaches (Blattodea), flies (Diptera), ants (Hymenoptera), mosquitoes (Culicidae) and mites (Acari).

8. The method of claim 5, wherein the pest is selected from the group consisting of common bed bugs (Cimex lectularius), green peach aphids (Myzuspersicae), house fly (Musca domestica) yellow fever mosquito (Aedes aegypti), southern house mosquito (Culex quinquefasciatus),African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae), common malaria mosquito (Anopheles quadrimaculatus)and German cockroach (Blattella germanica).

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9. The method of any one of claims 5 to 8, wherein the sabadilla alkaloids are applied to the pest or the pest's environment at a rate from about I to about 1,000 grams per hectare.

10. The method of any one of claims 5 to 9, wherein the sabadilla alkaloids are applied to the pest or the pest's environment at a rate from about 10 to about 700 grams per hectare.

11. The method of any one of claims 5 to 10, wherein the sabadilla alkaloids are applied to the pest or the pest's environment at a rate from about 22 to about 560 grams per hectare.

12. The method of any one of claims 5 to 11, wherein the Bacillus thuringiensisis applied to the pest or the pest's environment at a rate from about 1 to about 5,000 grams per hectare.

13. The method of any one of claims 5 to 12, wherein the Bacillus thuringiensisis applied to the pest or the pest's environment at a rate from about 100 to about 3,000 grams per hectare.

14. The method of any one of claims 5 to 13, wherein the Bacillus thuringiensisis applied to the pest or the pest's environment at a rate from about 560 to about 2,242 grams per hectare.

McLaughlin Gormley King Company

Patent Attorneys for the Applicant/Nominated Person

SPRUSON&FERGUSON

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