AU2018201774B2 - Force switch - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a switch of a device having a longitudinal device axis. The switch comprises a switching element, a hollow body defining an interior cavity in which the 5 switching element is movably disposed along the longitudinal device axis. The switching element defines a first position along the longitudinal device axis and a second position along the longitudinal axis, the second position being different from the first position. The switch further comprises a biasing element imparting an adjustable biasing force to the switching element to place the switching element in one of the first position and the second position .0 until an external force imparted to the switching element along the longitudinal device axis exceeds the biasing force thereby causing the switching element to move to the other one of the first position and the second position. The switch also comprises an electrically conductive contact coupled to the switching element and defining a first switching state when the switching element is in the first position and a second switching state when the switching .5 element is in the second position.

Description

FORCE SWITCH

The present application is a divisional of Australian Patent Application No. 2014277865 in the name of Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc., the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

Technical Field

The present invention lies in the field of switches, in particular, a force switch.

The device can be used along with any tool in which a particular longitudinal force needs to be overcome prior to reaching a given detected force.

In various applications, a compressible material is compressed between two surfaces for modification of the material in some way after being compressed. The material can be compressed too little, too much, or in an acceptable range of compression. It would be beneficial to provide an electrical switch that can indicate when the acceptable minimum compression force has been exceeded. It would further benefit if the switch actuates over a small gap and is longitudinally in-line with the device in which the switch is incorporated. It would also be beneficial if the minimum force setting of the switch could be pre-set to given force values.

Summary

The invention overcomes one or more of the above-noted and other deficiencies of the prior art arrangements by providing an electronic switch that actuates over a small gap 20 (on the order of 25 to 200 micrometers), is longitudinally in-line with the device in which the switch is incorporated, and switches dependent upon a longitudinally expanding external force that can be pre-set over a given floor force value.

A characteristic of the force switch described herein is that the longitudinal forces that the force switch can withstand are significantly higher than that existed in the past.

With a force switch having approximately a 6 mm diameter, for example, an approximately 5 to 8 pound longitudinally pulling force changes the switch state while, at the same time, being able to withstand almost 300 pounds of longitudinal pulling or compressive force. This is an almost twenty-fold difference.

2018201774 13 Mar 2018

There are many uses for the force switch in various different technology areas. In a first exemplary area of technology, the force switch can be used to measure compressive forces imparted upon tissue by medical devices. In many medical procedures, tissue is compressed between two surfaces before a medical device is caused to make a change in the compressed tissue. If the tissue is compressed too little, then the change sought to be effected might not be sufficient. If the tissue is, on the other hand, compressed too much, the change sought to be effected might actually destroy the area of interest. When compressing such tissue, there are measurable force ranges that fall between these two extremes. Knowing the safe force range can allow the user to select a pre-tensioning of the force switch to change its state (i.e., indicate to the user the pre-tensioned force has been exceeded) within the safe range of that tissue.

The force switch described herein can be constructed in a customized way to have the state-changing pre-tension match the safe range of the tissue to be operated upon.

One type of medical device that is used to change a state of tissue is a medical stapling device. Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. (a Johnson & Johnson company) manufactures and sells such stapling devices. Circular stapling devices manufactured by Ethicon are referred to under the trade names PROXIMATE ® PPH, CDH, and ILS. Linear staplers manufactured by Ethicon under the trade names CONTOUR and

PROXIMATE also can use the force switch. In each of these exemplary staplers, tissue is compressed between a staple cartridge and an anvil and, when the staples are ejected, the compressed tissue is also cut. In this specific example, the tissue can be compressed too little (where blood color is still present in the tissue, too much (where tissue is crushed), or just right (where the tissue is blanched). Staples delivered have a given length and the cartridge and anvil need to be at a given distance so that the staples close upon firing. Therefore, these staplers have devices indicating the relative distance between the two planes and whether or not this distance is within the staple length firing range. However, these staplers do not have any kind of active compression indicator that would also optimize the force acting upon the tissue that is to be stapled. The force switch described

2018201774 13 Mar 2018 herein provides such a feature. Some exemplary procedures in which these staplers could use the force switch include colon dissection and gastric bypass surgeries.

According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a switch of a device having a longitudinal device axis, the switch comprising: a switching element; a hollow body defining an interior cavity in which the switching element is movably disposed along the longitudinal device axis to define: a first position along the longitudinal device axis; and a second position along the longitudinal axis, the second position being different from the first position; a biasing element imparting an adjustable biasing force to the switching element to place the switching element in one of the first position and the second position until an external force imparted to the switching element along the longitudinal device axis exceeds the biasing force thereby causing the switching element to move to the other one of the first position and the second position; and an electrically-conductive contact coupled to the switching element and defining: a first switching state when the switching element is in the first position; and a second switching state when the switching element is in the second position.

Preferably, the switching element has a longitudinal switching axis disposed parallel to the longitudinal device axis; the switching element is movably disposed within the interior cavity of the hollow body and along the switching axis; and the biasing element imparts a variable longitudinal biasing force to the switching element.

Preferably, the first position is a switch-making position; the second position is a switch-breaking position; the first switching state is a switch-making state; and the second switching state is a switch-breaking state.

Preferably, the switching element is a piston.

Preferably, the electrically-conductive contact is physically coupled to the switching 25 element and is movable along the longitudinal device axis between the first position and the second position.

Preferably, the switch further comprises a stop element defining a second interior cavity in which the switching element is movably disposed, the stop element being at least partly disposed in the interior cavity of the hollow body.

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Preferably, the switching element further comprises a bias contact; and the biasing element is disposed about at least a portion of the switching element between the stop element and the bias contact.

Preferably, a magnitude of the biasing force is dependent upon a longitudinal position of the stop element within the interior cavity of the hollow body.

Preferably, the switching axis is disposed coincident with the device axis.

Preferably, the biasing element imparts the biasing force to place the switching element in the switch-breaking position to create a normally open switch configuration.

Preferably, the biasing element imparts the biasing force to place the switching 10 element in the switch-making position to create a normally closed switch configuration.

Preferably, a distance between the switch-making position and the switch-breaking position is between approximately 25 pm and approximately 750 pm.

Preferably, a distance between the switch-making position and the switch-breaking position is between approximately 75 pm and approximately 200 pm.

Preferably, the electrically-conductive contact is electrically insulated from the hollow body and the switching element.

Preferably, the switch further comprising an electric indication circuit: electrically connected to the switching element and the electrically-conductive contact; and having an indicator operable to transmit state-change information to signal a user that a state change 20 of the switching element has occurred.

Preferably, the biasing element is a compression spring compressed between the bias contact and the stop element around the switching element to bias the switching element in a direction away from the stop element.

According to another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a switch, 25 comprising: a hollow body defining an interior cavity; a switching element having a switching axis and movably disposed within the interior cavity of the hollow body along the switching axis to define: a first position along the switching axis; and a second position along the switching axis, the second position being different from the first position; a biasing element imparting an adjustable biasing force to the switching element

2018201774 13 Mar 2018 to place the switching element in one of the first position and the second position until an external force imparted to the switching element along the switching axis exceeds the biasing force thereby causing the switching element to move to the other one of the first position and the second position; and an electrically-conductive contact coupled to the switching element and defining: a first switching state when the switching element is in the first position; and a second switching state when the switching element is in the second position.

According to another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a switch of a device, comprising: a hollow body defining an interior cavity; a switching element having a longitudinal switching axis and movably disposed within the interior cavity of the hollow body along the switching axis to define: a first position along the switching axis; and a second position along the switching axis, the second position being different from the first position; a biasing element imparting an adjustable longitudinal biasing force to the switching element to place the switching element in one of the first position and the second position until an external force imparted to the switching element along the switching axis exceeds the biasing force thereby causing the switching element to move to the other one of the first position and the second position; and an electricallyconductive contact coupled to the switching element and defining: a first switching state when the switching element is in the first position; and a second switching state when the switching element is in the second position.

Preferably, the longitudinal switching axis is disposed parallel to a longitudinal device axis of the device.

Other features that are considered as characteristic for the invention are set forth in the appended claims.

Although the invention is illustrated and described herein as embodied in a force switch, it is, nevertheless, not intended to be limited to the details shown because various modifications and structural changes may be made therein without departing from the spirit of the invention and within the scope and range of equivalents of the claims.

The construction and method of operation of the invention, however, together with 30 additional objects and advantages thereof, will be best understood from the following

2018201774 13 Mar 2018 description of specific embodiments when read in connection with the accompanying drawings.

2018201774 13 Mar 2018

Brief Description of Drawings

At least one embodiment of the present invention will be described according to the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view from a side of an exemplary embodiment of a force 5 switch according to the invention.

FIG. 2 is a longitudinally cross-sectional perspective view from a side of the force switch of FIG. 1 through a near half of the switch;

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FIG. 3 is a longitudinally cross-sectional perspective view from a side of the force switch of FIG. 1 through a near half of the switch;

FIG. 4 is a longitudinally cross-sectional perspective view from a side of the force switch of FIG. 1 through a near half of the switch;

FIG. 5 is a longitudinally cross-sectional perspective view from a side of the force switch of FIG. 1 through a near half of the switch;

FIG. 6 is a longitudinally cross-sectional perspective view from a side of the force switch of FIG. 1 through approximately a longitudinal axis of the switch;

FIG. 7 is a longitudinally cross-sectional perspective view from a side of the force switch of FIG. 1 through a far half of the switch;

FIG. 8 is an enlarged, longitudinally cross-sectional perspective view from a side of the force switch of FIG. 6 with the switch in an un-actuated position,

FIG. 9 is an enlarged, longitudinally cross-sectional perspective view from a side of the force switch of FIG. 6 with the switch in an actuated position,

FIG. 10 is a perspective view from a side of another exemplary embodiment of a force switch according to the invention.

FIG. 11 is a longitudinally cross-sectional perspective view from a side of the force switch of FIG. 10 through a near half of the switch;

FIG. 12 is a longitudinally cross-sectional perspective view from a side of the force switch of FIG. 10 through a near half of the switch;

FIG. 13 is a longitudinally cross-sectional perspective view from a side of the force switch of FIG. 10 through approximately a longitudinal axis of the switch;

FIG. 14 is a longitudinally cross-sectional perspective view from a side of the force switch of FIG. 10 through a far half of the switch;

FIG. 15 is a longitudinally cross-sectional perspective view from a side of the force switch of FIG. 10 through a far half of the switch;

FIG. 16 is an enlarged, longitudinally cross-sectional perspective view from a side of the force switch of FIG. 13 with the switch in an un-actuated position; and

FIG. 17 is an enlarged, longitudinally cross-sectional perspective view from a side of the

0 force switch of FIG. 13 with the switch in an actuated position.

2018201774 13 Mar 2018

Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

Aspects of the invention are disclosed in the following description and related drawings directed to specific embodiments of the invention. Alternate embodiments may be devised without departing from the spirit or the scope of the invention. Additionally, well-known elements of exemplary embodiments of the invention will not be described in detail or will be omitted so as not to obscure the relevant details of the invention.

Before the present invention is disclosed and described, it is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. It must be noted that, as used in the specification and the appended claims, the singular forms a, an,” and the include plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

While the specification concludes with claims defining the features of the invention that are regarded as novel, it is believed that the invention will be better understood from a consideration of the following description in conjunction with the drawing figures, tn which like reference numerals are carried forward. The figures of the drawings are not drawn to scale.

Referring now to the figures of the drawings in detail and first, particularly to FIGS. 1 to 9 thereof, there is shown a first exemplary embodiment of a force switch 1. FIGS. 10 to 17 illustrate a second exemplary embodiment of the force switch 1. As will be described in more detail below, the first exemplary embodiment represents a “normally open” switch configuration and the second ) exemplary embodiment represents a “normally closed” switch configuration. Where features of the switch 1 are similar in the two embodiments, for ease of understanding, similar reference numerals will be used.

The force switch 1 can be incorporated into a device where force along the longitudinal axis of the device needs to be measured and an action needs to be taken when that force exceeds a

5 given predetermined value. This force switch 1 can be used, for example, in a medical device, but is not limited to the exemplary embodiment of a medical device. As will be described m further detail below, the force switch 1 can be used with a circular surgical stapling device such as is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,104,025 to Main

FIGS. 1 to 9 represent different portions of the force switch 1. FIG. 6 provides an example 30 view through the longitudinal axis 2 of the force switch 1 that allows one to see all parts of the switch 1. A contact piston 10 provides a central part around which other parts of the switch 1 may

2018201774 13 Mar 2018 be explained. A nose piece or tip 20 is fastened to the distal end 12 of the contact piston 10. The distal end 12 and an internal bore 22 of the tip 20 are illustrated with straight lines in FIGS. 4 to 9, however, in a first exemplary embodiment, the distal end 12 can be provided with external male threads and the bore 22 can be provided with internal female threads. Alternatively, the tip 20 can be press-fit, glued, welded, or otherwise connected to the distal end 12 of the contact piston 10. In the configuration shown in FIGS. 4 to 9, a proximal portion 24 of the internal bore 22 has a nonthreaded fiat portion for receiving therein the distal-most end of the piston 10 such that, when completely threaded into the bore 22, the proximal portion 24 acts as a stop for further threading of the distal end 12 therein.

At the proximal end of the piston 10, a widening 14 is provided on the outside surface of the piston 10 and an internal bore 16 is formed m the interior thereof.

A hollow body tube 30 is disposed around at least a portion of the contact piston 10. One exemplary embodiment of the interior of the tube 30 includes a relatively narrower proximal bore 32 and a relatively wider distal bore 34 (although the opposite configuration is also poss.ble). The bores 32 34 surround a proximal portion of the piston 10 that includes a central shaft IS thereof and the widening 14. The exterior shape of the widening 14 and the interior shape of the proximal bore 32 are substantially equal. Accordingly, in a circular configuration, the mtenor diameter of the proximal bore 32 is substantially equal to the outer diameter of the widening 14. As used herein substantially equal means that there is oniy a sufficient clearance between the two parts to 0 allow one to slide within the other. Thus, if a given first material requires a part.cular first spacmg between the outer surface of the piston 10 and the inner surface of the body tube 30 to penrnt the piston 10 to move therein, then that first spacing exists between the two parts 10, 30, whereas, ,f a given second material requires a smaller (or larger) spacing between the outer surface of the p>ston , o and the inner surface of the body tube 30 to permit the piston 10 to move therein, then that that 2 5 second spacing exists between the two parts 10,30.

There are two parts between the piston 10 and the body tube 30, an adjustable end cap and a bias device 50. The exterior shape of the end cap 40 and the interior shape of the distal bore 34 are substantially equal. Accordingly, in a circular configuration, the interior d.ameter of the distal bore 34 is substantially equal to the outer diameter of the end cap 40. Thus, when the =n 30 cap 40 is inserted into the distal bore 34, the cap 40 substantWly closes an mtenor space define b, the interior surfaces of the distal and proximal bores 34,32, the extenor surface of the central

2018201774 13 Mar 2018 shaft 18, the distal transverse surface of the widening 14. and the proximal end surface of the cap 40. The bias device 50 is disposed inside this interior space. The bias device 50 and the cap 40 act together with the widening 14 to bias the piston 10 in a given direction, in this ease, in the proximal direction. Force of the bias device 50 can be dependent upon the position of the cap 40. For example, if the cap 40 is closer to the widening 14, the bias deviceSOcan exert a first biasing force and if the cap 40 is further from the widening 14, the bias device 50 can exert a second biasing force. Depending upon the bias device 50 used, the first force can be greater than the second or vice-versa. It is beneficial, but not required, if the cap 40 is adjustable between various locations along the body tube 30. In such a configuration, the bias device 50 can be adjusted to a user-desired pre-bias.

One embodiment of the cap 40 and bias device 50 is shown in FIGS. 2 to 9. The following description, however, will be directed to the view of FIG. 8. In this embodiment, the distal bore 34 has a larger diameter than the proximal bore 32. The end cap 40 has exterior threads 42 that mate with non-iUustrated internal female threads of the distal bore 34. In such a configurat.on, the cap 40 can be rotated into the distal bore 34 along any longitudinal point withm the distal bore With the proximal bore 32 having a smaller diameter than the distal bore 34, the distal endpomt 3 of proximal bore 32 forms a stop for insertion of the cap 40. The cap 40 is formed with an rntenor bore 44 having a shape substantially equal io the outer shape of the central shaft 18 of the piston to. Thus, while the cap 40 can be screwed into the dista! bore 34 such that longitudinal forces wdl , not press the cap 40 out from the distal bore 34, the central shaft 18 of the p.ston 10 can move longitudinally freely within the bore 44 and with respect to the cap 40.

The bias device 50 is embodied, in this example, as a compression spring 50. As such, when the spring 50 is placed around the centra) shaft 18 of the piston 10 up to the distal transverse surface of the widening 14, and when the threaded cap 40 is also placed around the central shaft 25 18 and screwed at least partially within the distal bore 34, the spring 50 can be compressed between two extremes defined by the longitudinal connection distance that the cap 40 can traverse between being securely but barely inside the distal bore 34 and fully inserted therein up to the stop

Because the piston 10 moves, it can form one contact of an electrical switch for signaling a 30 state of the p.ston 10. Another contact needs to be provided that is dectrically instated from the piston <0 Thus, the piston 10 needs to be associated with a switch sub-assemWy so that the

2018201774 13 Mar 2018 electrical switch is in a first state when the piston 10 is in a first longitudinal position and tn a second stale when the piston 10 is in a second longitudinal position (the first and second states being off/on or onfoff). This switch sub-assembly is formed at a proximal end of the piston 10 and the body tube 30 and, in the following text, is shown in two exemplary embodiments. The first embodiment, the “normally open” switch has been mentioned as being related to FIOS. 1 to 9. The second embodiment relates to FIGS. 10 to 17 and is a “normally closed” switch.

The normally open switch sub-assembly is explained with regard to FIGS. S to 9. A switch bushing 60 has a distally projecting stub 62 that is inserted into the proximal end of the body tube 30 This stub 62 can be connected to the body tube 30 in any number of ways (e.g„ by bonding, welding, adhesive, press-fit, screw threads). The proximal end of the switch bushing 60 is attached to a mounting body 70. In one embodiment, each of the piston 10, the Up 20, the body tube 30 the cap 40, the switch bushing 60. and the mounting body 70 are electncafiy conducive and provide a first electrical contact of the force switch 1. However, the tip 20 and cap 40 need not be conductive. To form a second electrical contact that, when put into electrical connection with the first contact, completes an electrical circuit (or intempts an electrical crept, as shown m FIGS 10 to 17), an insulating body needs to be disposed between the second contact and the first contact needs to be operatively moved into (or out of) contact with the second contact.

Various switch embodiments disclosed herein include parts that are electrically conductive and actually form part of the electronic circuit. The switch accordtag to the present invenUon, however, is not limited to embodiments where parts of the switch form the circuit. An alternative configuration can lake advantage only of the mechanical switch-breaking aspects of the mvenhon to have the movement of the piston actuate a separate electrical switch adjacent the sw,tch, e.g., the piston Such an external switch can be embodied as what is referred to in the art as a tact switch because such a switch is very small. Various microswitches can be used as well rf there is 2 5 sufficient room for such larger switches.

In the exemplary embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 9, the second electrica! contact is fotmed by a contact ring 80 and the insulating body is formed by an insulating stub 90. The part that connects the ring 80 and the instating stub 90 to the piston 10 is a T-shaped connecting bar 100. tach o the ring 80 the stub 90, and the bar 100 are nested in their shape so that they can fit m an easy 30 assembly into the switch bushing and the body tube 30. The insulating stub separates the contact

Ο 13

ΓΜ g ring 80 from the connecting bar 100, which is in electrically conductive contact with the piston 10 and the switch bushing 60.

More specifically, the internal bore 16 is shaped to receive a distal boss 102 of the connecting bar 100. The connection between the distal boss 102 and the internal bore 16 can be ? like any of the embodiments of the connection between the piston 10 and the tip 10. If the boss 102 has an external male thread, for example, then the internal bore 16 has a corresponding female θ internal thread. Such an exemplary configuration makes attachment of the connecting bar 100 and 00 i the piston 10 easy with regard to manufacturing costs and time.

θ The contact ring 80 has an internal bore 82 having a shape dimensioned to correspond substantially to the outer shape of a distal contact portion 92 of the insulating stub 90. Ihis external outer shape of the distal contact portion 92 can take any polygonal shape, such as circular, ovular, rectangular, square, star, triangular, for example. Regardless of this outer shape, the shape of the internal bore of the contact ring 80 corresponds thereto so that the contact ring 80 can be inserted thereon and fixed (whether by press-fit, adhesive, bonding, welding, or any other connection process) thereto so that control of contact between the ring 80 and any other portion of the first contact can be made with high precision.

After the contact ring 80 is connected to the insulator stub 90, the combined assembly can be connected to the connecting rod 100. The external shape of an intermediate portion of the rod 100 is made to correspond to an internal shape of a bore 94 extending through the insulator stub 90. Again, the outer shape of the intermediate portion of the rod 100 can take any polygonal shape, such as circular, ovular, rectangular, square, star, triangular, for example. Regardtess of this outer shape, the shape of the internal bore of the insulator stub 90 corresponds thereto so that the insulator stub 90 can be inserted thereon and fixed (whether by press-fit, adhesive, bonding, welding, or any other connection process) thereto so that control of contact between the ring 80, 25 mounted to the stub 90, and any other portion of the first contact can be made with high precision.

With such a connection, the connecting rod 100 electrically contacts the piston 10 (and, thereby, the tip 20, the body tube 30, the cap 40, the switch bushing 60, and the mounting body 70). The outer shape/diameter of the contact ring 80 is dimensioned to be smaller than the inner shape/diameter of the switch bushing 60 and insertion of the contact ring 80 ins.de the switch 30 bushing 60 creates a transverse gap 110 therebetween. Thus, the contact ring 80 is eiectrically isolated from the switch bushing 60 on the outer side thereof by the transverse gap 110 and ,s

2018201774 13 Mar 2018 electrically isolated (insulated) from the connecting rod 100 on the inner side thereof by being in direct contact with the outside surface of the insulator stub 90.

To make an electric circuit including the contact ring 80 and any electrically conducting part of the first contact (10, 20, 30,40, 60, 70), an electrical connection must be made at the contact ring 80. One exemplary embodiment for such a connection is illustrated in FIGS. 5 to 9. Specifically, the connecting bar 100 is formed with the proximal longitudinal bore 103 extending from the proximal transverse exterior surface 104 up to and including at least a part of the intermediate portion the connecting rod 100 that is located at a longitudinal position where the contact ring 80 is disposed. A further transverse bore 106 is formed to connect the longitudinal bore 103 with an interior surface of the contact ring 80. In such a configuration, an insulated wire 206 can be threaded through the longitudinal 103 and transverse 104 bores and fastened (e.g., by welding) to the interior surface of the contact ring 80. For ease of such a connection, the contact ring 80 can be formed with a depression (or a series of depressions) on the inside surface for receiving the electrical portion of the wire while the insulating portion of the wire remains in contact with the entirety of the longitudinal 103 and transverse 104 bores of the connecting rod 100.

Such an electrical connection is, for example diagrammatically shown in FIG. 7, where circuitry 200 is disposed between the contact ring 80 and the mounting body 70. This exemplary circuitry includes a power source 202 and a contact indicator 204 (i.e., an LED) that lights the ) LED when the electrical circuit is completed. If the mounting body 70 and die insulated wire 206 are each connected to the circuitry 200 (as shown in FIG. 7), then, when electrical contact occurs between the contact ring 80 and any part of the first contact (10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 70), the LED 204 will illuminate.

With the above exemplary configuration set forth, the functioning of the switch 1 between 2 5 the first and second states can be described with regard to a comparison between FIGS. 8 and 9. The piston 10 is longitudinally fixed to the tip 20 and to the connecting rod 100. Further, the insulator stub 90 and the contact ring 80 are longitudinally fixed to the extenor of the connecting rod 100. The piston 10 is slidably disposed inside the bore 44 of the cap 40 at the distal end and is slidably disposed inside the proximal bore 32 of the tube body 30. Thus, the entire piston sub30 assembly (10, 20, 80, 90, 100) can move in a longitudinal direction because a longitudinal gap 112 exists between the distal transverse surface of the contact ring 80 and a proximal end surface 64 of

2018201774 13 Mar 2018 the stub 62 of the switch bushing 60. It is this gap 112 that forms the space over which the force switch 1 can function.

The bias device (e.g., compression spring) 50 disposed between the adjustable cap 40 and the distal transverse surface of the widening 14 imparts a proximally directed force against the piston 10 when the cap 40 is adjusted to compress the spring 50. This force, referred to herein as a pre-tension, keeps the contact ring 80 at a distance from the electrically conductive stub 62 of the switch bushing 60 - which is defined as the longitudinal gap 112. Without any external force imparted on the force switch 1, the pre-tension will always keep the contact ring 80 at this position and electrical contact between the first contact and the contact ring 80 will not occur. A distally directed external force F imparted upon the tip 20 could alter this situation. See FIG. 9. If the force F is not as great as the pre-tension force imparted by the spring 50, then the spring will not compress any further than it has already been compressed by the adjustable cap 40. However, if the force F is greater than the pre-tension force imparted by the spring 50, then the spring will compress and the tip 20 along with the remainder of the piston sub-assembly - the piston 10. the connecting rod 100, the insulating stub 90, and the contact ring 80 - will move in a distal longitudinal direction. The distal longitudinal direction is limited by the proximal end surface 64 of the stub 62 of the switch bushing 60 because contact between the end surface 64 and the drstal side of the contact ring 80 completely prevents further movement of the tip 20. This configuration, therefore, provides an electrical switch that has an adjnstabie longitudinal preo tension force that must be overcome before the switch 1 can actuate and complete the electncal circuit that is “open” until the contact ring 80 touches the switch bushing 60. FIG. 9 shows the piston sub-assembly (10,20, 80,90, 100) in the actuated distal position and FIG. 8 shows the piston sub-assembly in the un-actuated proximal position

One exemplary process for assembly of the force switch 1 of FIGS. 1 to 9. has the spang ₂ 5 50 inserted over the central shaft 16 of the piston 10. The cap 40 is also screwed into the proximal bore 34 of the body tube 30. The piston-spring sub-assembly is, then inserted through the interior bore 44 of the cap 40 and the tip 20 is fastened (e.g., screwed) onto the distal end 12 of the p.ston

o. This forms a piston sub-assembly.

The insulating stub 90 is attached to the intermediate portion of the connecting bar 100 by 30 being placed, first, over the distal boss 102 and, second, over the intermediate portion. Simtlariy, the contact ring 80 is attached to the insulating stub 90 by being placed thereover. The ring 80 is

2018201774 13 Mar 2018 longitudinally connected to the insulating stub 90 and the stub 90 is longitudinally connected to the intermediate portion of the connecting bar 100. The insulated wire 206 is passed through the bore of the mounting body 70 and through both the longitudinal 103 and transverse 106 bores of the connecting rod 100 and electrically connected to the interior surface of the contact ring 80 without electrically connecting the wire 206 to any portion of the mounting body 70 or the connecting bar 100. This connection forms a switch sub-assembly that is ready to be connected to the piston sub-assembly.

Either or both of the distal boss 102 of the connecting bar 100 or the stub 62 of the switch bushing 60 can have threads for connecting the boss 102 to the piston 10 and/or the stub 62 to the body tube 30. As such, the entire switch sub-assembly can be connected (both physically and electrically) to the piston sub-assembly. With these two sub-assemblies connected together, only the mounting body 70 needs to be connected to the proximal end of the switch bushing 60. Such a connection can take any form, for example, the connection can be a weld or a mated set of screw threads.

FIGS. 10 to 17 illustrate a second exemplary embodiment of the force switch 1 having a “normally closed” switch configuration.

FIGS. 10 to 17 illustrate different portions of the force switch 1. FIG. 14 provides an example view approximately through the longitudinal axis 2 of the force switch 1 that allows visualization of all parts of the switch 1. The contact piston 10 provides a central part around ) which other parts of the switch 1 may be explained. The tip 20 is fastened to the distal end 12 of the contact piston 10. The distal end 12 and the internal bore 22 of the tip 20 are illustrated with straight lines in FIGS. 13 to 15 and 17, however, in the exemplary embodiment, the distal end 12 can be provided with external male threads and the bore 22 can be provided with internal female threads. Alternatively, the tip 20 can be press-fit, glued, welded, or otherwise connected to the 25 distal end 12 of the contact piston 10. In the configuration shown in FIGS. 13 to 15 and 17, the proximal portion 24 of the internal bore 22 has the non-threaded flat portion for receiving therein the distal-most end of the piston 10 such that, when completely threaded into the bore 22, the proximal portion 24 acts as a stop for further threading of the distal end 12 therein.

The piston 10 has a proximal end at which the widening 14 is provided to extend radially 30 the outside surface of the piston 10. The internal bore 16 is formed in the interior of the piston 10 at the proximal end.

2018201774 13 Mar 2018

As shown in the enlarged view of FIG. 16, a hollow body tube 120 is disposed around at least a portion of the contact piston 10. As compared to the first embodiment of the body tube 30, the interior of this tube 120 has a constant diameter bore 122. The bore 122 has a shape substantially equal to an exterior shape of the widening 14 and surrounds the central shaft 18 of the piston 10. Accordingly, in a circular configuration, the interior diameter of the bore 122 is substantially equal to the outer diameter of the widening 14.

There are two parts of the force switch 1 disposed between the piston 10 and the body tube 120: a spring stop puck 130 and a bias device 50. The exterior shape of the spring stop puck 130 and the interior shape of the bore 122 are substantially equal. Accordingly, in a circular configuration, the interior diameter of the bore 122 is substantially equal to the outer diameter of the spring stop puck 130 so that the spring stop puck 130 slides within the bore 122 substantially without play but also without substantial friction. This spring stop puck 130 differs from the end cap 40 in that it floats entirely separate within the body tube 120. More specifically, as the tip 20 is threaded onto the distal end 12 of the piston 10, the proximal transverse surface pushes against but is not fixed to the distal transverse surface of the puck 130. In such a configuration, it would, at first glance, seem to indicate that the compression spring 50 could only be set to one given compression value because the puck 130 has a fixed longitudinal length. This would be correct except a set of pucks 130 are provided, each having different longitudinal lengths. Therefore, the pre-tensioning of the spring 50 is adjusted by selecting one of the set of pucks 130. Also, it is not ) necessary to thread the tip 20 entirely onto the distal end 12 of the piston 10 as shown m FIG. 13, for example. Thus, if the tip 20 is not entirely threaded on the piston 10, user-desired pretensioning of the bias device 50 occurs by providing a specifically sized puck 130 and threading the tip 20 onto the piston 10 at a predefined distance. Alternatively, the puck 130 can solely determine the pre-tension if the tip 20 is entirely threaded onto to the piston 10. One embodiment 2 5 of the stop puck 130 and bias device 50 is shown in FIGS. 10 to 17. The following description, however, is directed to the view of FIG. 13. The stop puck 130 is formed with an internal bore 132 having a shape substantially equal to the outer shape of the piston 10 so that the piston 10 can traverse through the puck 130 without hindrance.

When the spring stop puck 130 is within the bore 122, the stop puck 130 substantially 3 0 closes an interior space defined by the interior surfaces of the bore 122, the exterior surface of the central shaft 18, the distal transverse surface of the widening 14, and the proximal transverse

2018201774 13 Mar 2018 surface of the puck 130. The bias device 50 is disposed inside this interior space. The bias device 50 and the stop puck 130 act together with the widening 14 to bias the piston 10 m a given direction, in this case, in the proximal direction. Force of the bias device 50 is dependent upon the longitudinal length of the stop puck 130.

The bias device 50 is embodied, in this example, as a compression spring 50. As such, when the spring 50 is placed around the central shaft 18 of the piston 10 up to the distal transverse surface of the widening 14, and when the stop puck 130 is also around the central shaft 18 and the tip 20 is attached to the piston 10, the spring 50 is compressed or pre-tensioned therebetween.

Because the piston 10 moves, it can form one contact of an electrical switch for signaling a state of the force switch 1. Another contact needs to be provided that is electrically insulated from the piston 10. Thus, the piston 10 needs to be associated with a switch sub-assembly so that the electrical force switch 1 is in a first state when the piston 10 is in a first longitudinal position and in a second state when the piston 10 is in a second longitudinal position (the first and second states being off/on or on/off). This switch sub-assembly is formed at a proximal end of the piston 10 and the body lube 120 and, in the following text, applies to the second exemplary “normally closed embodiment.

The switch bushing 60 has a distally projecting stub 62 that is inserted into the proximal end of the body tube 120. This stub 62 can be connected to the body tube 120 in any number of ways (e.g., by bonding, welding, adhesive, press-fit, screw threads). The proximal end of the > switch bushing 60 is attached to a mounting body 70. In one embodiment, each of the piston 10, the tip 20, the body tube 120, the stop puck 130, the switch bushing 60, and the mounting body 70 are electrically conductive and provide a fust electrical contact of the force switch 1. However, the tip 20 and stop puck 130 need not be electrically conductive. To form a second electrical contact that, when put into electrical connection with the first contact, interrupts an eiectrical 2 , circuit as shown in FIGS. 10 to 17, an insulating body needs to be disposed between the second contact and the first contact needs to be operatively moved out of contact with the second contact.

In the exemplary embodiment of FIGS. 10 to 17, the second electrical contact is formed by a contact pin 140 and the insulating body is formed by an insulating bushing 150. The part that connects the insulating bushing 150 and the contact pin 140 to the piston 10 is a T-shaped, 30 electrically conductive, contact screw 160. The insulating bushing 150 and the contact pm 140 are nested in then shape so that they can fit in an easy assembly tnto the switch bushrng 60 and the

2018201774 13 Mar 2018 mounting body 70. The insulating bushing 150 physically and electrically separates the contact pin 140 from the mounting body 70 and the switch bushing 60, which is in electrically conductive contact with at least the piston 10 and the switch bushing 60.

More specifically, the internal bore 16 is shaped to receive a distal boss .162 of the contact screw 160. The connection between the distal boss 162 and the internal bore 16 can be like any of the embodiments of the connection between the piston 10 and the tip 10. If the boss 162 has an external male thread, for example, then the internal bore 16 has a corresponding female internal thread. Such an exemplary configuration makes attachment of the contact screw 160 and the piston 10 easy with regard to manufacturing costs and time. A transverse end surface 164 of the contact screw 160 also provides a stop for indicating complete insertion of the distal boss 162 inside the internal bore 16 of the piston 10.

The insulating bushing 150 has an internal bore 152 having a shape dimensioned to correspond substantially to the outer shape of a proximal contact portion 142 of the contact pm 140. This external outer shape of the proximal contact portion 142 can take any polygonal shape, such as circular, ovular, rectangular, square, star, triangular, for example. Regardless of this outer shape, the shape of the internal bore 152 of the insulating bushing 150 corresponds thereto so that the insulating bushing 150 can be inserted thereon and fixed thereto (whether by press-fit, adhesive, bonding, welding, or any other connection process) so that control of contact between the contact pin 140 and any other portion of the first contact can be made with high precision.

After the insulating bushing 150 is connected to the contact pin 140, the combined insulating sub-assembly can be connected to the mounting body 70. The external shape of a proximal portion of the insulating bushing 150 is made to correspond to an internal shape of an internal bore 72 extending through the mounting body 70^ Again, the outer shape of the proximal portion of the insulating bushing 150 can take any polygonal shape, such as circular, ovular, 2 5 rectangular, square, star, triangular, for example. Regardless of this outer shape, the shape of the internal bore of the mounting body 70 corresponds thereto so that the insulating bushing 150 can be inserted thereon and fixed thereto (whether by press-fit, adhesive, bonding, welding, or any other connection process) so that control of contact between the contact pin 140 (mounted in the insulating bushing 150 and the mounting body 70) and any other portion of the first contact can be made with high precision.

2018201774 13 Mar 2018

With such a connection, the contact screw 160 electrically contacts the piston 10 (and, thereby, the body tube 120, the switch bushing 60, and the mounting body 70, and possibly even the tip 20 and the stop puck 130 if desired). The outer shape/diameter of a distal transverse widening 144 of the contact pin 140 is dimensioned to be smaller than the inner shape/diameter of the switch bushing 60 and insertion of the contact pin 140 inside the switch bushing 60 creates a transverse gap 110 therebetween. Thus, the transverse gap 110 electrically isolates the distal widening 144 of the contact pin 140 from the inside of the switch bushing 60, and the proximal contact portion 142 of the contact pin 140 is electrically isolated (insulated) from the mounting body 70 and the switch bushing 60 on the outer side thereof by being in direct contact with the interior bore 152 of the insulating bushing 150.

To make an electric circuit between the contact pin 140 and any electrically conducting part of the first contact (e.g., 10,20, 60, 70, 120, 130), an electrical connection must be made at the contact pin 140. One exemplary embodiment for such a connection is illustrated m FIGS. 11 to 17. Specifically, the contact screw 160 is formed with a proximal transverse widening 166 extending radially from the intermediate portion thereof and defines a proximal transverse surface 168. The bias device 50 biases the piston 10 and, thereby, the contact screw 160 in a proximal direction to electrically conductively contact the distal transverse surface 148 of the contact pin 140 to the proximal transverse surface 168 of the contact screw 160. Because such contact needs to only be made between these two surfaces to complete an electrical circuit of the switch sub) assembly, the outer shape/diameter of the proximal widening 166 of the contact screw 160 can be any size or shape that slides within the interior bore 66 of the switch bearing 60.

The other electrical contact of the contact pin 140 resides on the proximal side of the contact pin 140. In one exemplary embodiment, a longitudinal bore 146 is formed from the proximal transverse surface of the contact pin 140 inward and receives therein an insulated wire 2 5 206. The conductor of this wire 206 can be fastened (e.g., by welding) to tire interior surface of the longitudinal bore 146. Such an electrical connection is, for example diagrammatically shown in FIG. 7. In such an exemplary configuration, the power source 202 supplies power to the contact indicator 204 (LED) and lights the LED when the electrical circuit is completed, which will always be the case in this normally closed configuration of the force switch 1. Conversely, when 30 electrical contact between the first contact and the contact pin 140 is removed, the LED 104 will

2018201774 13 Mar 2018 turn off. Of course, the indicator need not be visual (e.g., the LED 104). It can also be audible (e.g., speaker with sound) or tactile (e.g., vibration), or any combination thereof.

It is also possible to provide circuitry 300 between the contact pin 140 and the mounting body 70 that lights the LED 204 only when the electrical circuit is opened (i.e., not completed). Any logic circuitry can be used to control the LED 204 based upon the two states of the force switch 1 shown in FIGS. 10 to 17. For example, the logic 300 including a NOR gate and an AND gate can be connected to the force switch 1 circuit as shown in FIG. 13- In such a configuration, when the switch 1 is in its normally closed state, the LED is off and when contact is broken, as shown in FIG. 17, the LED will illuminate.

With the above exemplary configuration set forth, the functioning of the switch 1 between the first and second states can be described with regard to a comparison between FIGS. 16 and 17.

As set forth above, the contact pin 140 is longitudinally secured within the insulating bushing 150 and the insulating bushing 150 is longitudinally secured within at least one of the switch bearing 60 and the mounting body 70. The body tube 120 is longitudinally secured to the , distal end of the switch bearing 60. The stop puck 130 is disposed, freely longitudinally, between the spring 50 and the tip 20. The piston 10 is longitudinally fixed to the tip 20 and to the contact screw 160 and this piston sub-assembly slides within the body 120 biased tn the proximal direction by the spring 50. Accordingly, the entire piston sub-assembly (10, 20,130, 160) can move in a distal longitudinal direction to compress the spring 50 inside the body tube 120 and fins 0 compression distance forms a space 134 (see FIG. 17) over which the force switch 1 functions as a switch.

The bias device (e.g., compression spring) 50 disposed between the puck 130 and the dtstal transverse surface of the widening 14 imparts a proximally directed force against the piston 10 when the puck 130 compresses the spring 50. This force, referred to herein as a pre-tension, keeps 25 the contact screw 160 against the electrically conductive distal transverse surface of the contact pin 140. Without any external force imparted on the force switch 1, the pre-lension will always keep the contact pin 140 at this position and electrical contact between the first contact and the contact pin 140 will remain. A distally directed external force F imparted upon the tip 20 could alter this situation. See FIG. 17. If the force F is not as great as the pre-tension force imparted by 30 the spring 50, then the spring 50 will not compress any further than it has already been compressed by the puck 130. However, if the force F is greater than the pre-tension force imparted to the

2018201774 13 Mar 2018 piston 10 by the spring 50, then the spring 50 will compress further and the tip 20, along with the remainder of the piston sub-assembly (10,130, 160) will move in a distal longitudinal direction. The distal longitudinal direction is limited by the greatest compression distance of the spring 50, which, in most applications of the force switch 1, will not occur. This configuration, therefore, provides an electrical switch that has an adjustable longitudinal pre-tension force that must be overcome before the switch 1 can actuate and complete the electrical circuit that is “closed” until the contact screw 160 no longer touches the contact pin 140. The switching distance of the force switch 1 of FIGS. 10 to 17 is defined by the longitudinal gap 112 existing between the proximal transverse surface of the stub 62 and the distal transverse surface of the widening 166. FIGS. 17 and 19 show the piston sub-assembly (10, 130,160) in the actuated distal position and FIG. 16 shows the piston sub-assembly in the un-actuated proximal position.

One exemplary process for assembly of foe force switch 1 of FIGS. 10 to 17, the distal end of the switch bushing 60 having the projecting stub 62 is fastened longitudinally to the proximal end of the body tube 120. The piston 10 inserted inside the body tube 120 and the spring 50 inserted over the central shaft 16 of the piston 10 inside the body tube 120. The puck 130 is placed over the distal end 12 of the piston 10 and the tip 20 is folly or partially screwed onto the . exterior threads of the distal end 12 of the piston 10. At this point, if the tip >s folly screwed onto the piston 10, the piston 10 will impart the pre-tension force onto the stub 62 of the swrtch bushing. To avoid this force, the tip 20 can be only partially screwed onto the distal end 12 of the . piston 10. The contact screw 160 is, then, screwed into the internal bore 16 of the piston 10 at the proximal end thereof Io capture the stub 62 between the widening 14 of the piston 10 and the widening 166 of the contact screw 160. This forms apiston-spring sub-assembly.

The mounting body 70 is longitudinally fixedly connected to the contact pin 140 with the insulating bushing 150 therebetween. Because of the nested shapes of these parts, the order of the 2 5 connection .s limited only by the costs and time for manufacturing the connections. Alternatively, foe insulating bushing 150 and the contact pin 140 can be placed inside the distal end ol the mounting body 70, but, in such a case, these two parts could move longitudinally if the distal end of the force switch I is tilted downward. This forms a contact pin sub-assembly.

The piston-spring and contact pin sub-assemblies are connected together by fastening, 30 longitudinally, the mountingbody 70 to foe switch bushing 60. If the tip 20 is folly screwed onto foe piston 10, then the fastening wil! have to overcome the pre-bias force of the spnng 50. If, however, the tip 20 is minimally screwed onto the piston 10 such that no pre-bias exists m the cr) spring 50, then, after all longitudinal fastening has occurred, the tip 20 can be fully screwed onto thedistalend 12 of the piston 10 to place the spring 50 in the pre-tensioned state. The conductor _of the insulated wire 206 is attached in the longitudinal bore 146 of the contact pm 140 to complete the circuit 300.

In each case of the normally open and normally closed configurations, the longitudinal gap θ 112 has a length ofbetween approximately 25 pm (0.001”) and approximately 750 pm (0.030”), 22 _or in a shorter range between approximately 75 pm (0.003’0 and approximately 200 pm (0.008”). ® The conductive parts of the force switch 1 can be of stainless steel, copper, nickel-plated copper, nickel-plated brass, for example. Where the conductor of the insulated wire 206 needs to be soldered, each of these materials will be sufficient.

The range offeree that the force switch 1 applicable for switching between the two states can be between approximately 3 ounces to approximately 20 pounds, or a shorter range of approximately 5 pounds to approximately 8 pounds.

With regard to the mechanics of selecting the spring 50, the desired pre-tension force is selected to be within or at the mid-range of the range of a given spring 50. In other words, the change in state of the force switch will occur not close to a maximum of the spectrum of the spring 50 pre-tension but, instead, somewhere in the middle of the spectrum.

The circuitry described above only provides a binary output - whether or not the force on the external object that is transmitted through the force switch 1 is greater or less than the pretensioning. If the force switch is provided with a strata gauge, also referred to as a load cell, then a continuous force output can be displayed to the user in which, for example, a row of LEDs gradually light up dependent upon the amount offeree or an LCD or LED numerical field increments numerical values corresponding to the amount offeree imparted through the force

5 switch 1. ..,

The force switch 1 above will now be described with respect to use in an intraluminal anastomotic circular stapler as depicted, for example, in U.S. Paten. No. 5,)04,025 to Main et ah (“Main”), and assigned to Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. This reference is hereby mcorporated herein in its entirely. As can be seen most clearly in the exploded view of FIG. 7 in Main, a trocar 30 shaft 22 has a distal indentation 21, some recesses 28 for aligning the trocar shaft 22 to serrations 29 in the anvil and, thereby, align the staples with the anvils 34. A trocar ftp 26 ts capable of

2018201774 13 Mar 2018 puncturing through tissue when pressure is applied thereto. FIGS. 3 to 6 in Main show how the circular stapler 10 functions to join two pieces of tissue together. As the anvil 30 is moved closer to the head 20, tissue is compressed therebetween, as particularly shown in FIGS. 5 and 6. If this tissue is overcompressed, this surgical stapling procedure might not succeed. The interposed tissue can be subject to a range of acceptable compressing force during surgery. This range is known and is dependent upon the tissue being stapled. The stapler shown in Main cannot indicate to the user any level of compressive force being imparted upon the tissue poor to stapling. However, if the force switch 1 described herein is substituted for the trocar shaft 22, then the stapler 10 will be capable of showing the user when the compressive force (acting along the longitudinal axis 2 of the force switch 1) has exceeded the pre-tension of the switch 1. This pretension can be selected by the user to have a value within the range of acceptable tissue compressive force.

FIGS. 1 and 10 of the present application show a tip 20 having a pointed distal end that can function within at least the CDH surgical stapler manufactured and sold by Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. The proximal end of the trocar shaft 22 in Main requires a male threaded screw for attachment to the head 20. Other circular staplers require an opposing tang embodiment that is shown in FIGS. 1 and 10 of the present application. Thus, the mounting body 70 can be in the form illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 17 or in the form shown in FIG. 7 in Main. The tip 20 and mounting body 70 can be customized to fit into any kind of similar surgical device.

The foregoing description and accompanying drawings illustrate the principles, preferred embodiments and modes of operation of the invention. However, the invention should not be construed as being limited to the particular embodiments discussed above. Additional variations of the embodiments discussed above will be appreciated by those skilled m the art.

Therefore, the above-described embodiments should be regarded as illustrative rather than 2 5 restrictive. Accordingly, it should be appreciated that variations to those embodiments can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the following claims.

Claims (19)

1. Claims:

   1. A switch of a device, comprising:

   a hollow body defining an interior cavity;

   a switching element having a switching axis and movably disposed within the interior cavity of the hollow body along the switching axis to define:

   a first position along the switching axis; and a second position along the switching axis, the second position being different from the first position;

   a biasing element disposed about the switching element and imparting a longitudinal biasing force to the switching element to place the switching element in one of the first position and the second position until an external force imparted to the switching element along the switching axis exceeds the biasing force thereby causing the switching element to move to the other one of the first position and the second position;

   a biasing force-adjusting element cooperatively engaged with the biasing element, wherein a magnitude of the biasing force is adjustable using the biasing force-adjusting element; and an electrically-conductive contact coupled to the switching element and defining:

   a first switching state when the switching element is in the first position; and a second switching state when the switching element is in the second position.
2. 2. The switch according to claim 1, wherein:

   the first position is a switch-making position:

   the second position is a switch-breaking position;

   the first switching state is a switch-making state; and the second switching state is a switch-breaking state.
3. 3. The switch according to claim 1, wherein the switching element is a piston.
4. 4. The switch according to claim 1, wherein the electrically-conductive contact is physically

   2018201774 13 Mar 2018 coupled to the switching element and is movable along the switching axis between the first position and the second position.
5. 5. The switch according to claim 1, wherein the biasing force-adjusting element comprises a stop element defining a second interior cavity in which the switching element is movably disposed, the stop element being at least partly disposed in the interior cavity of the hollow body.
6. 6. The switch according to claim 5, wherein:

   the switching element further comprises a bias contact; and the biasing element is disposed about at least a portion of the switching element between the stop element and the bias contact.
7. 7. The switch according to claim 6, wherein the magnitude of the biasing force is dependent upon a longitudinal position of the stop element within the interior cavity of the hollow body.
8. 8. The switch according to claim 2, wherein the biasing element imparts the biasing force to place the switching element in the switch-making position to create a normally closed switch configuration.
9. 9. The switch according to claim 2, wherein a distance between the switch-making position and the switch-breaking position is between approximately 25 pm and approximately 750 pm.
10. 10. The switch according to claim 2, wherein a distance between the switch-making position and the switch-breaking position is between approximately 75 pm and approximately 200 pm.
11. 11. The switch according to claim 1, wherein the electrically-conductive contact is electrically insulated from the hollow body and the switching element.
12. 12. The switch according to claim 1, further comprising an electric indication circuit: electrically connected to the switching element and the electrically-conductive contact; and having an indicator operable to transmit state-change information to signal a user that a state change of the switching element has occurred.
13. 13. The switch according to claim 6, wherein the biasing element is a compression spring

    2018201774 13 Mar 2018 compressed between the bias contact and the stop element around the switching element to bias the switching element in a direction away from the stop element.
14. 14. A switch of a device, comprising:

    a hollow body defining an interior cavity;

    a switching element having a switching axis and movably disposed within the interior cavity of the hollow body along the switching axis to define:

    a switch-making position along the switching axis; and a switch-breaking position along the switching axis;

    a biasing element disposed about the switching element and imparting a longitudinal biasing force to the switching element to place the switching element in one of the switch-making position and the switch-breaking position until an external force imparted to the switching element along the switching axis exceeds the biasing force thereby causing the switching element to move to the other one of the switch-making position and the switch-breaking position;

    a biasing force-adjusting element cooperatively engaged with the biasing element, wherein a magnitude of the biasing force is adjustable using the biasing force-adjusting element; and an electrically-conductive contact coupled to the switching element and defining:

    a switch-making state when the switching element is in the switch-making position; and a switch-breaking state when the switching element is in the switch-breaking position.
15. 15. The switch according to claim 14, wherein the switching element is a piston.
16. 16. The switch according to claim 14, wherein the biasing force-adjusting element comprises a stop element defining a second interior cavity in which the switching element is movably disposed, the stop element being at least partly disposed in the interior cavity of the hollow body.
17. 17. The switch according to claim 16, wherein;

    the switching element further comprises a bias contact; and the biasing element is disposed about at least a portion of the switching element between the stop

    2018201774 13 Mar 2018 element and the bias contact.
18. 18. The switch according to claim 17, wherein the magnitude of the biasing force is dependent upon a longitudinal position of the stop element within the interior cavity of the hollow body.
19. 19. The switch according to claim 16, wherein the biasing element is a compression spring compressed between the bias contact and the stop element around the switching element to bias the switching element in a direction away from the stop element.