AU2019283900B2 - Structural member and building structure - Google Patents

Abstract

#$%^&*AU2019283900B220250904.pdf##### ABSTRACT A building structure and a structural member for a building structure are provided. The structural member comprises: a first roll formed steel member of substantially uniform cross section comprising an opening extending along a length of the first member and providing access into an inside of the first roll formed steel member; and a second roll formed steel member of substantially uniform cross section. The second roll formed steel member is coupled to the first member such that it extends across the opening of the first roll formed steel member, at least partly along a length of the first roll formed steel member, to thereby strengthen the first roll formed steel member. ABSTRACT 2019283900 18 Dec 2019 A building structure and a structural member for a building structure are provided. The structural member comprises: a first roll formed steel member of substantially uniform cross section comprising an opening extending along a length of the first member and providing access into an inside of the first roll formed steel member; and a second roll formed steel member of substantially uniform cross section. The second roll formed steel member is coupled to the first member such that it extends across the opening of the first roll formed steel member, at least partly along a length of the first roll formed steel member, to thereby strengthen the first roll formed steel member. 1/8 125 110 105 105 110 115 115 120 100 Figure 1 105a 105a 120 120 110a 130 130 20 19 28 39 00 1 8 D ec 2 01 9 1/818 Dec 2019 125 120 2019283900 115 115 120 105 110 105 110 120 110a 100 105a 105a 130 130 Figure 1

Description

1/8 1/8 18 Dec 2019 18 Dec 2019

125 125 120 120 2019283900

2019283900

115 115 115 115 120 120

105 105 110 110 105 105 110 110

120 120 110a 110a 100 100 105a 105a 105a 105a 130 130

130 130

Figure Figure 11

1 2019283900 18 Dec 2019

STRUCTURAL MEMBER STRUCTURAL MEMBERAND ANDBUILDING BUILDINGSTRUCTURE STRUCTURE TECHNICALFIELD TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001]

[0001] The presentinvention The present inventionrelates relates to to structural structural members forbuilding members for building structures, structures, such as such as

particular, although sheds. InInparticular, sheds. not exclusively, although not exclusively, the present invention the present invention relates relates to totransfers transfersbeams beams

for for sheds. sheds.

BACKGROUND ART BACKGROUND ART

[0002] Cold-form

[0002] Cold-form steel steel framesframes have, have, in in recent recent years, years, become increasingly become increasingly popular popular in the in the construction of construction of building building structures, suchasas structures, such sheds. sheds. Cold Cold form steel steel frames form frames offer offer several several advantagesover advantages overother otherframing framingmaterials, materials,and andareareless lessexpensive expensive than than hothot rolledsteel rolled steelframes. frames.

[0003] A problem,

[0003] A problem, however, however, withform with cold cold formframes steel steel of frames of the the prior artprior art iscold is that thatform cold form structural members, structural which members, which would would typically typically comprise comprise onemore one or or C-sections, more C-sections, have strength have strength

limitations, which limitations, whichmakes makes it difficult it difficult to to create create largelarge structures. structures. Ascold As such, such, formcold steelform steel frames frames are generally are generallyused used forfor smaller smaller building building structures, structures, whereas whereas for structures, for larger larger structures, more more expensive expensive hot rolled hot rolledand and fabricated fabricated structural structuralmembers are used. members are used.

[0004] In agriculture,

[0004] In agriculture, equipment equipment is getting is getting larger larger and and larger, larger, which which has resulted has resulted in a in a need need

for sheds for having very sheds having verylarge largeopenings openingsto toenable enable thethe machinery machinery to get to get in and in and out out thereof. thereof. ThisThis

generally requires generally requires aa transfer transfer beam extending beam extending across across thethe opening opening to support to support the the rafters rafters above above

the opening. the opening. AsAs it itisisdifficult difficult toto create create sufficiently sufficientlystrong strongtransfer transferbeams beams to to span overlarge span over large openings openings with with cold cold form form steel, steel, hot rolled a rolled a hot or fabricated or fabricated transfer transfer member member is often is often used over used such over such openings. openings.

[0005] A hot

[0005] A hot rolled rolled beam universalbeam universal is generallystrong, is generally strong,but butheavy andexpensive. heavyand expensive.A A fabricated member fabricated comprising member comprising latticeworkisisgenerally latticework generally very very strong strong and andlightweight, lightweight, and thus able and thus able to support to support aa large largeopening, opening,butbut is is generally generally bulky bulky andand expensive. expensive. Due toDue tosize, their their such size, such fabricatedmembers fabricated members generally generally reduce reduce theofheight the height of the (or the opening opening require(or therequire shed tothe shed to be larger). be larger). Furthermore,welding Furthermore, weldingisis costly costly and and time time consuming consuming forsuch for such members. members.

[0006] As such,

[0006] As such, there there is clearly is clearly a need a need forfor improved improved structuralmember structural member and and building building structure. structure.

[0007]It willIt bewillclearly

[0007] be clearly understood understood that, if athat, priorifart a prior art publication publication is referredistoreferred to herein, herein, this this reference does reference doesnotnotconstitute constitutean an admission admission that that the publication the publication formsforms parttheofcommon part of the common generalknowledge general knowledge in art in the theinartAustralia in Australia or in or anyinother any country. other country.

2 2019283900 18 Dec 2019

OFINVENTION SUMMARYOF SUMMARY INVENTION

[0008]

[0008] Thepresent The present invention invention is directed is directed to structural to structural members members and building and building structures structures which which mayatatleast may least partially partially overcome at least overcome at least one one ofof the the abovementioned abovementioned disadvantages disadvantages or provide or provide

the consumer the witha auseful consumer with usefulororcommercial commercialchoice. choice.

[0009]

[0009] Withthe With theforegoing foregoing the the in view, in view, present present invention invention in one in oneresides form, residesinbroadly form, broadly a in a structural member structural for aa building member for building structure, structure, the thestructural structuralmember comprising: member comprising:

first roll aa first rollformed steel member formed steel member of substantially of substantially uniform uniform cross section cross section comprising comprising

an opening an openingextending extendingalong alonga alength lengthofofthe thefirst first member andproviding member and providingaccess access intoanan into insideofof inside

the first the first roll rollformed steel member; formed steel member;and and secondroll a second a roll formed steel member formed steel memberofofsubstantially substantiallyuniform uniformcross crosssection; section; wherein the wherein the second secondroll roll formed formedsteel steel member memberis is coupled coupled to to thethe first member first member such such

that it that it extends across extends across thethe opening opening offirst of the the first roll roll formed formed steel member, steel member, at least at least partly partly along a along a length ofofthe length thefirst first roll roll formed steelmember, formed steel member, to thereby to thereby strengthen strengthen the firstthe first roll roll steel formed formed steel member. member.

[0010]

[0010] Preferably, the Preferably, the first firstand andsecond second roll rollformed formedsteel steelmembers members comprise cold-formed comprisecold-formed steel members. steel members.

[0011] Preferably,

[0011] Preferably, the first the first rollformed roll formed steelmember steel member includes includes a web, a web, and first and first andand second second

flanges extendingoutwardly flanges extending outwardlyfrom fromthe theweb. web.TheThe opening opening may may be provided be provided between between the first the first

and second and secondflanges. flanges.TheThe firstand first andsecond second flanges flanges maymay be parallel.TheThe be parallel. firstand first and second second

flanges mayinclude flanges may includelips. lips. The lips may The lips extend inwardly may extend inwardlytowards towardseach each other.The other. The opening opening may may

be defined be defined between betweenthe thelips. lips. The Thefirst first and secondflanges and second flangesmay may extend extend from from thethe webweb at about at about a a right angle. right angle. Suitably, Suitably, the thefirst member first member comprises C-section beam. comprises aa C-section beam.

[0012] Preferably,

[0012] Preferably, the second the second roll formed roll formed steelsteel member member includes includes web, a web, athe webthe web configured to configured to extend acrossthe extend across the opening openingofofthe thefirst first roll rollformed formedsteel steelmember. Thesecond member. The secondroll roll formedsteel formed steel member member maymay include include a firstflange, a first flange,extending extendingoutwardly outwardly from from thethe web. web. The The first first

flangemay flange maybe be configured configured to overlap to overlap with a with a flange flange of the of the first first roll roll formed formed steel steel member. member.

[0013] The second

[0013] The second roll formed roll formed steel steel membermember may ainclude may include secondextending second aflange, flange, extending outwardly from outwardly from the the web webinin ananopposite oppositedirection direction to to the the first firstflange. flange.The The second second flange flange may be may be

configuredtotositsitinina aplane configured plane with with a flange a flange of the of the first first rollformed roll formed steelsteel member. member. planar A planarAsurface surface may bedefined may be definedbybya aflange flangeofofthe the first first roll rollformed formedmember and aaspacer member and spacercoupled coupledtotothe thesecond second flange of flange of the the second roll formed second roll formed steel steel member. Suitably,the member. Suitably, thesecond secondmember member comprises comprises a Z- aZ section beam. section beam.

3 2019283900 18 Dec 2019

[0014]

[0014] The structural member The structural may member may include include multiple multiple first roll first roll formed steel members formed steel and members and

multiple multiple second roll formed second roll steel members, formed steel eachofofthe members, each thefirst first roll roll formed formedsteel steelmembers having members having

a second a roll formed second roll steel member formed steel extending member extending across across itsits opening. opening.

[0015]

[0015] Thestructural The structural member may member may include include a pair a pair of of first roll first rollformed formed steel steelmembers members

arranged back arranged backtotoback. back.The The pairofoffirst pair first roll rollformed formed steel steelmembers mayeach members may each include include webs webs

whichare which areabutting. abutting. A fastener A fastener may fasten may fasten adjacentadjacent webs webs of the pair of of the pair first of formed roll first roll formed steel steel members witheach members with each other. other.

[0016]

[0016] structural member Thestructural The may member may include include a pair a pair of of first rollformed first roll formed steel steelmembers members

arranged in arranged in aa stacked stacked arrangement. arrangement.TheThe pairpair of of first roll first roll formed steel members formed steel may members may each each

include flangeswhich include flanges which are are abutting. abutting. A fastener A fastener mayadjacent may fasten fasten flanges adjacent flanges of the of first pair of the pair of first roll rollformed formed steel steel members with each members with eachother. other.

[0017]

[0017] Thestructural The structural member may member may include include multiple multiple first roll first roll formed steel members formed steel members

arranged in arranged in both both back backto to back backand andstacked stackedarrangements. arrangements.

[0018]

[0018] Adjacent pairs of Adjacent pairs of first firstand andsecond rollformed second roll formed steel steelmembers maybebe members may arranged arranged

symmetrically. symmetrically.

[0019]

[0019] Thefirst The first and and second roll formed second roll steel members formed steel may members may be be formed formed of aofplurality a pluralityofof planar sections. The planar sections. Theplanar planarsections sectionsmay maybe be joinedatatabout joined aboutright rightangles angleswith witheach eachother. other.

[0020]

[0020] Thestructural The structural member may member may comprise comprise a transfer a transfer beam. beam. The transfer The transfer beam beam may bemay be configuredtotosupport configured support a plurality a plurality of rafters. of rafters.

[0021]

[0021] Thetransfer The transfer beam beammay may be be configured configured to to extend extend between between opposing opposing columns. columns.

[0022]

[0022] Thefirst The first roll rollformed formedsteel member(s) steel member(s) may beconfigured may be configuredtotobe beextend extendbetween between thethe

opposingcolumns, opposing columns,and and thethe second second rollroll formed formed steelmember(s) steel member(s) may may be configured be configured to extend to extend

alonga aportion along portionof ofthethe firstroll first roll formed formed steel steel member(s). member(s). Theroll The second second rollsteel formed formed steel member(s) member(s) may may extend extend along along at leastat least 50% 50% of the of the lengths of lengths the firstofroll the formed first roll formed steel steel

member(s). The member(s). The second second rollroll formed formed steel steel member(s) member(s) may extend may extend along along at least at least 75%, 75%, or at or at

least 90%of of least 90% thethe lengths lengths of the of the first first rollformed roll formed steel steel member(s). member(s). The The second second roll formed roll formed steel steel

member(s) may member(s) may extend extend along along 100%100% of lengths of the the lengths of the of the first first roll formed roll formedsteel steelmember(s). member(s).

[0023]

[0023] Thefirst The first and and second roll formed second roll steel members formed steel may members may be be configured configured to be to be fastened fastened

to the to rafters, e.g. the rafters, e.g. using usingbolts boltsororscrews screws directly, directly, or using or using an angle an angle cleat. cleat. Theandfirst The first and second second roll rollformed formed steel steel members may members may be be configured configured to to be be fastened fastened to to each each other, other, e.g.using e.g. using boltsoror bolts

screws. screws.

4 2019283900 18 Dec 2019

[0024]

[0024] The structural member The structural may member may include include a pair a pair of of back back totoback back C-section C-section beams beams

coupled to coupled to each eachother, other, and and first first and and second Z-section beams, second Z-section beams,each each coupled coupled to and to and extending extending

over an over an opening openingofofaa C-section C-section beam. beam.

[0025]

[0025] In In another form,thethe another form, invention invention resides resides broadly broadly in a building in a building structure structure including including at at least least one one structural structuralmember comprising: member comprising:

first roll a first a rollformed steel member formed steel member of substantially of substantially uniform uniform cross section cross section comprising comprising

an opening an openingextending extendingalong alonga alength lengthofofthe thefirst first member andproviding member and providingaccess access intoanan into insideofof inside

the first the first roll rollformed steel member; formed steel member;and and secondroll a second a roll formed steel member formed steel memberofofsubstantially substantiallyuniform uniformcross crosssection; section; wherein the second wherein the secondroll roll formed formedsteel steel member memberis is coupled coupled to to thethe first member first member such such

that it that it extends across extends across thethe opening opening offirst of the the first roll roll formed formed steel steel member, member, at least at leastalong partly partly a along a length ofthe length of thefirst first roll roll formed steelmember, formed steel member, to thereby to thereby strengthen strengthen the the first first roll roll formed formed steel steel member. member.

[0026]

[0026] Thebuilding The building structure structure may compriseananindustrial may comprise industrial or or agricultural agricultural shed. The shed. The

structure member structure may member may comprise comprise a transfer a transfer beam beam of the of the building building structure. structure.

[0027]

[0027] Thebuilding The building structure structure may include first may include first and and second columns,between second columns, between which which thethe

structural member structural extends. member extends.

[0028] The building

[0028] The building structure structure may include may include a plurality a plurality of rafters of rafters supported supported by the by the structural structural

member. member. TheThe building building structure structure may may also also include include raftersthat rafters thatare arenot notsupported supportedbyby the the

structural member, structural e.g. directly member, e.g. directly by by columns. columns.

[0029] An opening

[0029] An opening may be may be provided provided in the building in the building structure structure in association in association with with the the structural member. structural The member. The opening opening maymay be provided be provided directly directly under under the the structural structural member. member.

[0030]

[0030] Any of the Any of the features features described described herein canbebecombined hereincan combined in any in any combination withwith combination any any

oneorormore one more of the of the other other features features described described hereinthe herein within within scopethe of scope of the the invention. invention.

[0031]

[0031] reference Thereference The to any to any priorprior art art in this in this specification specification is not, is not, and should and should not be not takenbe astaken as an acknowledgement an acknowledgement or any or any form form of suggestion of suggestion thatprior that the the prior art forms art forms part part of theofcommon the common general knowledge. general knowledge.

BRIEF BRIEF DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION OF OF DRAWINGS DRAWINGS

[0032] Various

[0032] Various embodiments embodiments of invention of the the invention willwill be described withwith be described reference reference to to thethe followingdrawings, following drawings, in which: in which:

5 2019283900 18 Dec 2019

[0033]

[0033] illustratesa aside Figure1 1illustrates Figure sidecross-sectional cross-sectional view view of a structural of a structural membermember for a for a building building structure, according structure, according to to an an embodiment embodiment ofofthe thepresent presentinvention. invention.

[0034]

[0034] illustratesananexploded Figure2 2illustrates Figure exploded viewview of theofstructural membermember the structural of Figure of 1. Figure 1.

[0035]

[0035] illustratesananupper Figure3 3illustrates Figure upper view ofview perspective perspective of a building a building structurestructure in of in the form the form of an industrial an industrial shed, shed, according according to to an an embodiment embodiment ofofthe thepresent presentinvention. invention.

[0036]

[0036] illustratesa afront Figure4 4illustrates Figure frontview viewof of the the shed shed of Figure of Figure 3. 3.

[0037]

[0037] Figure5 5illustrates Figure illustratesa aplan planview of of view a frame a frame of shed of the the shed of Figure of Figure 3, according 3, according to an to an embodiment embodiment of of thepresent the present invention. invention.

[0038]

[0038] illustratesa aside Figure6 6illustrates Figure sidecross-sectional viewview cross-sectional offrame of the the frame of the of theofshed shed Figureof3,Figure 3, according to according to an an embodiment embodiment of of thethepresent present invention. invention.

[0039]

[0039] illustratesananenlarged Figure7 7illustrates Figure enlarged viewview of portion of portion A offrame A of the the frame as illustrated as illustrated in in Figure6.6. Figure

[0040]

[0040] Figure8 8illustrates Figure illustratesa aside sidecross-sectional cross-sectional view view of a structural of a structural membermember for a for a building building structure, according structure, according to to an an alternative alternativeembodiment of the embodiment of the present present invention. invention.

[0041]

[0041] Figure9 9illustrates Figure illustratesa aside sidecross-sectional cross-sectional view view of a structural of a structural membermember for a for a building building structure, according structure, according to to an an alternative alternativeembodiment of the embodiment of the present present invention. invention.

[0042]

[0042] Figure1010illustrates Figure illustratesa aside sidecross-sectional cross-sectional viewview of a structural of a structural membermember for a for a building building structure, according structure, according to to an an embodiment embodiment ofofthe thepresent presentinvention. invention.

[0043]

[0043] Figure 11 Figure 11 illustrates illustrates ananexploded exploded view view of of the the structural structuralmember of Figure member of Figure 10. 10.

[0044]

[0044] Figure1212illustrates Figure illustratesananenlarged enlarged viewview of the of the portion portion of frame of the the frame of the of theofshed shed of Figure Figure 3, but 3, but with with the the structural structural member member ofofFigure Figure1010installed, installed, rather rather than than the the structural structural member member of of

Figure1.1. Figure

[0045]

[0045] Figure1313illustrates Figure illustratesa aside sidecross-sectional cross-sectional view view of a structural of a structural membermember for a for a building building structure, according structure, according to to an an alternative alternativeembodiment of the embodiment of the present present invention. invention.

[0046]

[0046] Preferred features, Preferred features, embodiments embodiments andand variations variations of of thethe inventionmaymay invention be discerned be discerned

fromthe from thefollowing following Detailed Detailed Description Description which which providesprovides sufficientsufficient information information for those for those skilled in skilled in the art the art to to perform perform the the invention. invention. The Detailed Description The Detailed Description is is not not to to be regarded asaslimiting be regarded the limiting the scopeofof the scope the preceding precedingSummary Summary of the of the Invention Invention in in anyany way. way.

6 2019283900 18 Dec 2019

DESCRIPTION OF DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS EMBODIMENTS

[0047]

[0047] Figure 11 illustrates Figure illustrates aa side side cross-sectional view of cross-sectional view of aa structural structural member member 100100 for for a a building structure,according building structure, according to embodiment to an an embodiment of the invention. of the present present invention. Figure 2anillustrates an Figure 2 illustrates

exploded view exploded viewofofthe the structural structural member 100. member 100.

[0048]

[0048] Thestructural The structural member member 100100 is particularlyuseful is particularly usefulasasa atransfer transferbeam beam in ain shed, a shed, to to enable aa cold enable cold formed formedbeam beam to provided to be be provided thatthat enables enables largelarge side side openings openings in theinshed, the shed, and and thus without thus withoutthethe need need for for fabricated fabricated or hotorrolled hot rolled beams.beams. This is particularly This is particularly useful in useful in industrial industrial and agricultural and agricultural sheds, as it sheds, as it enables cold formed enables cold formedsheds shedstotobebe provided provided that that enable enable thethe use use of of large large machinery. machinery.

[0049]

[0049] Thestructural The structural member member 100100 includes includes firstand first and second second cold-formed cold-formed C-sections C-sections 105, 105, which are which are arranged arrangedback back to to back, back, andand firstand first andsecond second cold-formed cold-formed Z-sections Z-sections 110, 110, whichwhich are are coupled to coupled to first first and and second C-sections105 second C-sections 105such such thatthey that theyextend extend across across andand close close off off eacheach of of the C-sections the 105. The C-sections 105. TheZ-sections Z-sections110110 addadd strength strength to to the the C-sections C-sections 105. 105.

The C-sections

[0050] The C-sections

[0050] 105include 105 each each include a weband105a, a web 105a, firstand andfirst and parallel second second parallel flanges flanges 105b extending 105b extendingoutwardly outwardlyfrom fromthetheweb web 105a. 105a. The The firstfirst andand second second flanges flanges 105b 105b each include each include

lips 105c lips 105c at at their theirends. ends.The The lips lips105c 105cextend extend inwardly inwardly towards towards each other, and each other, an opening and an opening105d 105d is is defined defined between thelips between the lips 105c. 105c. The The C-sections C-sections areare substantially substantially uniform uniform along along their their length, length,

and as and as aaresult the opening result the opening105d 105d extends extends along along a length a length of the of the C-sections C-sections 105provides 105 and and provides accessinto access into an an inside inside of of the the associated C-section 105. associated C-section 105.

[0051]

[0051] Z-sections110 TheZ-sections The 110include includea aweb web andand 11Oa, 110a, firstand first and second second parallel parallel flanges flanges 11Ob 110b

extending outwardly extending outwardlyfrom fromthethewebweb 110a11Oa in opposite in opposite directions. directions. The first The first and and second second flanges flanges

11Ob each 110b eachinclude includelips lips 110c 11Oc atat their their ends, ends, one of the one of the lips lips11Oc 110cbeing being inwardly inwardly turned turned and and one of one of

the lips the lips 110c being 11Ocbeing outwardly outwardly turned. turned. As a result, As a result, the110c the lips lips are 11Oc are directed directed in the in the same same direction direction (i.e. (i.e.downwards). downwards).

[0052] Turning

[0052] Turning back back to to Figure Figure 1, the 1, the 110a webs websof 11Oa of the Z-sections the Z-sections 110across 110 extend extend theacross the opening ofof the opening the C-sections C-sections105, 105,totothereby therebyclose closeoffoffthe theC-sections C-sections105. 105.In particular, In particular,a alower lower flange 110b flange 11Obofofeach eachZ-section Z-section110110 overlaps overlaps withwith a lower a lower flange flange 105b 105b of a corresponding of a corresponding C- C section 105, section 105, an an upper upperflange flange110b of of 11Ob each each Z-section Z-section 110positioned 110 is is positioned adjacent adjacent to an to an upper upper

flange 105b flange of the 105b of the corresponding corresponding C-section C-section 105, 105,and and the theweb web 11Oa extends therebetween 110a extends therebetween thereby closing thereby closing off off the the opening 105d of opening 105d of the the C-section C-section 105 105between betweenthethe lips105c. lips 105c.

[0053] A spacer

[0053] A spacer 115 115 is provided is provided above above thethe upper upper flanges110b, flanges in ina aplane 11Ob,andand planewith with the the upper flanges105b upper flanges 105bofofthe theC-section. C-section.This This provides provides a planar a planar surface surface to enable to enable the structural the structural

7 2019283900 18 Dec 2019

member100100 member to to be be installeddirectly installed directly against another member against another member 125, 125, such such a rafter. as aasrafter.

[0054]

[0054] The C-sections The C-sections105105 areare backback arranged arranged to back to back and that and such suchthe thatwebs websare105a the105a are abutting. Fasteners abutting. Fastenersinin the the form form bolts bolts 120 120 extends extendsthrough throughthe thewebs webs105105 to to thereby thereby jointhe join thepair pair of C-sections of 105toto each C-sections 105 eachother. other.The The C-sections C-sections 105 105 thusthus formform a beam a beam can be can which which be initially initially

installed, installed,e.g. e.g.between between aa pair pair of ofcolumns by an columns by an angle angle cleat cleat or or bracket. bracket. At At this this stage, an inside stage, an inside of the of the C-section 105 is C-section 105 is accessible, accessible, which enablesaa member which enables member125 125 thatthat is to is to be be supported supported by the by the

structural member structural 100totobebebolted member 100 boltedtotothe the C-sections C-sections105 105from fromananinside insideofofthe theC-sections. C-sections.

[0055]

[0055] TheZ-sections The Z-sections110 may 110may then then be be installedover installed over each each of of thethe C-sections C-sections 105, 105, thereby thereby

closing the closing the C-sections 105. InIn particular, C-sections 105. particular, the the spacer spacer 115 is positioned 115 is positioned above the upper above the upperflanges flanges anda abolt 11Ob and 110b bolt extends extendsthrough throughthe theupper upperflange flange110b, spacer115115 11Ob,spacer andand member member 125 125 to to thereby thereby

fasten an fasten upperend an upper endofofthe the z-section z-section 110 110toto the the member member 125. 125. The The lower lower flanges flanges 110b 11Ob are are then then attached to attached to the the lower lower flanges flanges 105b 105busing usingself-tapping self-tapping fasteners, fasteners, such suchasasTek Tekscrews. screws. TheThe use use of aa combination of of screws combination of screws130 130andand bolts bolts 120120 enables enables the the structural structural member member 100 100 to be to be easily easily

attachedfrom attached from itsits inside inside while while ultimately ultimately beingbeing enclosed. enclosed.

[0056]

[0056] Thespacer The spacer115 115enables thethe enables C-section C-section 105105 and and the the Z-section Z-section 110 110 to of to be be the of the same same

(e.g. (e.g. aa standard) length. The standard) length. Thespacer spacer 115 115 may,may, however, however, be avoided be avoided by ahaving by having longer aZ-longer Z

section, asasoutlined section, outlinedbelow. below.

[0057]

[0057] TheZ-sections The Z-sections110 110may maybe be shorter(lengthwise) slightlyshorter slightly (lengthwise) than thanthe theC-sections 105. C-sections105. This enables This enables the the C-sections C-sections105 105totobebemounted mountedto to columns columns in ain standard a standard manner manner (e.g.(e.g. usingusing anglecleats angle cleatsororbrackets), brackets), while while stillhaving still having support support by theby the Z-section Z-section 110 110 along along ofa the a length length of the structural member structural 100. member 100.

[0058]

[0058] WhileFigure While Figure 1 illustrates 1 illustrates thethe C and C and Z-sections Z-sections 105, 105, 110 110directly bolted bolted to directly the to the member 125, member 125, in inalternative alternativeembodiments embodiments an angle an angle cleat cleat or bracket or bracket maymay be used. be used.

[0059]

[0059] TheC-sections The 105and C-sections105 and the the Z-sections Z-sections 110110 areare formed formed of planar of planar sections sections thatthat form form

right right angles angles with with each other. As each other. Assuch, such,the theC-sections C-sections 105105 andand Z-sections Z-sections 110 able 110 are are able to beto be

installed against installed against aa planar planar surface, such as surface, such as aalower surfaceofofthe lowersurface themember member 125, 125, with with abutting abutting

sectionsbeing sections being aligned. aligned. As such, As such, installation installation is simplified is simplified compared compared to if a was to if a bracket bracket was required required to support to support the the member 125. member 125.

[0060]

[0060] TheC-sections The C-sectionsand andZ-sections Z-sections 105, 105, 110110 areare of substantiallyuniform of substantially uniform cross cross section, section,

but but may includeapertures may include aperturesstamped stamped thereinto tosimplify therein simplifythe thebolting bolting process. process.

[0061]

[0061] Figure3 3illustrates Figure illustratesananupper upper perspective perspective view view of of a building a building structure structure in the in the form of form of an industrial an industrial shed shed 300, 300, according to an according to embodiment an embodiment of of thepresent the present invention.Figure invention. Figure 4 4

8 2019283900 18 Dec 2019

illustrates a afront illustrates view front of of view thethe shed 300. shed 300.The Theshed shed 300 includes the 300 includes the structural structural member 100asas member 100

transfer beams transfer extendingabove beams extending above openings openings 305 305 of the of the shed. shed. The transfer The transfer beams beams 100 enable 100 enable

the openings the 305totobebelarge openings 305 large (=15m) (=15m)ininspan, span,while remainingformed whileremaining formed of of coldformed cold formed steel. steel.

[0062]

[0062] Thebuilding The building structure structure 300 includes corrugated 300 includes roofing panels corrugated roofing panels310 310with withaapitch of pitch of about 4.2 about 4.2 degrees, degrees, and andsubstantially substantially vertical vertical corrugated corrugated wall wall panels 315 extending panels 315 extendingaround arounda a periphery periphery ofofthe thestructure structure (with (with the the exception exception of theofopenings the openings 305, 305, which arewhich areable open, or open, to or able to

be fully opened). be fully opened).TheThe skilled skilled addressee addressee will, however, will, however, readily appreciate readily appreciate that any that any suitable suitable roof roof

pitch or building pitch or buildingstructure structuremaymay be used. be used.

[0063]

[0063] Figure5 5illustrates Figure illustratesa aplan planview view of of a frame a frame of shed of the the shed 300, according 300, according to an to an embodiment embodiment of of thepresent the present invention. invention.

[0064]

[0064] Theshed The 300includes shed300 includesa aplurality plurality of of vertical columns 320 verticalcolumns arounda aperiphery 320 around peripheryofofthe the shed300, shed 300, which which either either directly directly or indirectly or indirectly support support a plurality a plurality of rafters of rafters 325extend 325 that that extend across across the building the buildingstructure structure300. 300.

[0065]

[0065] Thecolumns The columns320320 include include first columns first 320a, columns320a, which which areare spaced spaced at intervals of of at intervals about 6m, about 6m,and andcomprise comprise 250mm 250mm back-to-back back-to-back C-sections C-sections formedformed of 2.4mm of 2.4mm steel. steel. The The columns320 columns 320also alsoinclude includesecond second columns columns 320b, 320b, which which are positioned are positioned at adjacent at adjacent to to the the opening 305. opening 305. The The second second columns columns 320b 320b are are of of heavier heavier duty duty than than the first the first columns columns 320a 320a as as they must they must support supportmultiple multiple rafters rafters 325 through the 325 through the transfer transfer beam 100,and beam 100, andmay may comprise comprise

350mm back 350mm back to to back back C-sections C-sections 3mm 3mm steel. steel.

[0066]

[0066] Transfer beams Transfer beams100100 extend extend between between pairs pairs of second of second columns columns 320b 320b on on opposing opposing

sides of sides of the the shed 300, and shed 300, and support supportmultiple multiple rafters rafters 325 extending across 325 extending acrossthe theshed shed300. 300.TheThe transfer beams transfer 100enables beams 100 enables rafterstoto be rafters beplaced placedabove above the the openings openings without without having having a column a column

thereunder, thus thereunder, thus enabling enabling the the opening openingtotobebewide wide(e.g. (e.g. 15m). Raftersthat 15m).Rafters thatare arenot notlocated located abovethe above theopening openingare arenot notsupported supportedby by thestructural the structuralmember, member,butbut instead instead directlybyby directly

columns. columns.

[0067]

[0067] Roof Bracing Roof 330isis provided Bracing 330 providedasasisis known knowninincold formedsheds. coldformed sheds.

[0068]

[0068] TheC-sections The 105ofofthe C-sections105 thetransfer transfer beam beamextend extend between between the the columns columns 320b 320b and and are attached are attached to to the the columns 320busing columns 320b usingangle angle cleats.The cleats. The Z-sections Z-sections 110110 extend extend along along mostmost

of the of lengthofofthe the length theC-Section C-Section105,105, to provide to provide support support thereto,thereto, while the while leaving leaving thetheends ends of C- of the C sections 105 sections that meet 105 that meetthe the columns columns320b 320b free free to to simplifyattachment simplify attachmentofofthe thetransfer transfer beam beam100100 to the to columns the columns 320b. 320b. This This enables enables the C-sections the C-sections 105 to beinstalled 105 to be initially initially against installed theagainst the columns320, columns 320,and andsubsequently subsequently reinforced reinforced with with thethe Z-sections Z-sections 110. 110.

9 2019283900 18 Dec 2019

[0069]

[0069] illustratesa aside Figure6 6illustrates Figure sidecross-sectional cross-sectional viewview offrame of the the frame of the of the300, shed shed 300, according to according to an an embodiment embodiment of of thethepresent present invention.Figure invention. Figure 7 illustrates an 7 illustrates an enlarged enlargedview viewofof portion portion AAofofthe theframe frameof of Figure Figure 6. 6.

[0070]

[0070] The columns320320 The columns extend extend vertically,and vertically, andthe thetransfer transferbeam beam100100 is is coupled coupled to to the the

column320b column 320b at angle at an an angle that corresponds that corresponds to anofincline to an incline of theAsrafter. the rafter. As structural such, the such, the structural member may member may be attached be attached to the to the rafter rafter 325 325 such such that that thethe upper upper surface surface of of thethe transferbeam transfer beam sitsit

flush against flush againsteach each other. other.

[0071]

[0071] Therafters The rafters325 325 is is provided provided withwith apertures apertures 335 stamped 335 stamped therein totherein to facilitate facilitate the the bolting of an bolting of anangle anglecleat cleat (not (not shown) shown) to rafter to the the rafter 325. 325. The rafters The rafters also purlins also include include340 purlins that 340 that

extend lengthwise extend lengthwisealong alonga alength lengthofof the the shed shed300. 300.

[0072]

[0072] Theshed The shed300 300isisabout about45m 45m long long andand about about 12m 12m wide,wide, with with openings openings 305 305 about about 15mwide, 15m wide,while whileusing usingstructural structural components formed components formed entirely entirely ofofcold coldformed formedsteel. steel.The The transfer beam transfer 100efficiently beam 100 efficiently supports supports the the rafters rafters325 325 there there above above without sagging. without sagging.

[0073]

[0073] Figure8 8illustrates Figure illustratesa aside sidecross-sectional cross-sectional viewview of a structural of a structural membermember 800 for a800 for a building building structure, structure,according according to toan analternative alternativeembodiment of the embodiment of the present invention. The present invention. The structural member structural 800isismuch member 800 muchlike likethe thestructural structural member member 100100 of of Figure Figure 1, 1, butwith but witha asingle singleC-C section 105 section 105 and and aasingle single Z-section Z-section 110, 110, thus thus resembling resemblinga abox boxsection. section.

[0074]

[0074] Unlike aa traditional Unlike traditionalbox boxsection, section,the thestructural member structural member 800 800 has has the the important important

advantage advantage that that it can it can be directly be directly bolted bolted to member to member 125, 125, such as asuch as from rafter, a rafter, fromofantheinside an inside of the structural member structural member800 800 (which (which is not is notineasy easy a boxinsection, a box section, as the as the inside inside of the box of the box section is section is not not easily easily accessible). accessible). Also, Also, as as the the structural structuralmember 800isis formed member 800 formedbybycold rolling without cold rolling without any any

welding,itit is welding, is both bothstrong strongandand cost cost effective. effective.

[0075]

[0075] Figure9 9illustrates Figure illustratesa aside sidecross-sectional cross-sectional viewview of a structural of a structural membermember 900 for a900 for a building building structure, structure,according according to toan analternative alternativeembodiment of the embodiment of the present invention. The present invention. The structural member structural 900isismuch member 900 muchlike likethe thestructural structural member member 100100 of of Figure Figure 1, 1, butwith but withfour fourC-C sections 105 sections 105 and andfour four Z-sections Z-sections110'. 110'.

[0076]

[0076] In In particular, particular, the C-sections the C-sections 105105 are are arranged arranged back-to-back back-to-back in pairs,inand pairs, then and then

arranged in arranged in aa stacked stacked arrangement. arrangement.

[0077]

[0077] Thewebs The webs105a of of 105a thetheback-to-back back-to-back C-sections C-sections 105 105 may may be bolted be bolted together, together, and and abutting flanges abutting 105b of flanges 105b of the the stacked stacked C-sections C-sections105 105may may be be bolted bolted together together to to form form a 2x2 a 2x2

array of array of C-sections 105. The C-sections 105. TheZ-sections Z-sections110' 110'may may then then be be installedonto installed ontoeach each of of thetheC-C sections with sections with screws, as outlined screws, as outlined above. Abuttingflanges above. Abutting flanges110b 11Obofofthe theopposing opposing Z-sections Z-sections 110110

10 2019283900 18 Dec 2019

maybebebolted may boltedtogether. together.

[0078]

[0078] TheZ-sections The Z-sections110'110' are are similar similar to Z-sections to the the Z-sections 110, 110, but withbut with a slightly a slightly longer longer web web 110a', to 110a', to enable enable the the lower lower flanges flanges 11Ob to sit 110b to sit ininthe thesame same plane plane as as the the corresponding flanges corresponding flanges

105b, while 105b, while the the upper flanges 110b upper flanges 11Obextend extendover overand and above above the the corresponding corresponding flanges flanges 105b,105b,

without the without the need need for for aa spacer. TheZ-sections spacer. The Z-sections110' 110'are arelonger longerthan thanthe theZ-sections Z-sections110 110byby a a length length corresponding to aa thickness corresponding to thickness of of the the Z-sections Z-sections 110, 110, 110'. 110'.

[0079]

[0079] TheZ-sections The Z-sections110' 110' may mayextend extend along along an an entire entire lengthofofthe length thestructural structural member member 900, ororalong 900, alongsections sections of the of the C-sections C-sections 105 to105 to provide provide strength strength thereto. thereto. As As an illustrative an illustrative

example,the example, thestructural structural member 900 member 900 maymay comprise comprise a support a support beam,beam, for supporting for supporting another another

structural member. structural member. InInsuch suchcase casethetheZ-sections Z-sections 110'extend 110' extend along along a length a length of of thetheC-sections C-sections 105, with 105, with the the exception of the exception of the point pointwhere where the the other other structural structuralmember is supported, member is supported, to to enable enable the other the otherstructural structuralmember member to beto be bolted bolted directly directly to one to or one more or of more of the C-sections the C-sections 105. 105.

[0080] The C-sections

[0080] The C-sections 105 105 and theand the Z-sections Z-sections 110' are110' are arranged arranged symmetrically symmetrically in both in both the the horizontaland horizontal andvertical verticaldirections. directions.

[0081]

[0081] Figure 10 Figure 10 illustrates illustrates aa side side cross-sectional cross-sectional view view of of aa structural structuralmember 1000for member 1000 fora a building structure,according building structure, according to embodiment to an an embodiment of the present of the present invention. invention. Figure 11 an Figure 11 illustrates illustrates an explodedview exploded viewofofthe the structural structural member 1000. member 1000.

[0082]

[0082] Thestructural The structural member 1000 member 1000 is issimilar similarto to the the structural structural member 100,but member 100, butwherein whereinthe the Z-sections 110 Z-sections 110have have been been replaced replaced by longer by longer Z-section Z-section 110',alleviating 110', thus thus alleviating thefor the need need for spacers 115. spacers 115. AsAsa aresult, result, the the upper upperflanges 11Obare flanges 110b arebolted bolteddirectly directly to to the the member 125. member 125.

[0083] The structural

[0083] The structural member member 1000 1000 may may in be used be aused in a structure, structure, such as such as the the shed shed 300. 300. Figure1212illustrates Figure illustratesananenlarged enlarged viewview ofportion of the the portion of the of the of frame frame of the the shed shed 300, 300,the but with but with the structural member structural 1000installed, member 1000 installed, rather rather than than the the structural structural member 100. member 100.

[0084] As can

[0084] Asbecan be seen, seen, the upper the upper flangesflanges of the of the structural structural member member 1000 directly 1000 directly abut abut the the rafters 325, rafters 325, which whichenables enables the structural the structural member member 1000 1000 to be to directly bolted be boltedto directly to the the rafters rafters (i.e. (i.e. withouta aspacer). without spacer).

[0085]

[0085] Figure1313illustrates Figure illustratesa aside side cross-sectional cross-sectional view view of a structural of a structural member member 1300 for a1300 for a building building structure, structure,according according to toan analternative alternativeembodiment of the embodiment of the present invention. The present invention. The structural member structural 1300isissimilar member 1300 similar to to the the structural structuralmember 800,but member 800, butwith with the the longer longer Z-section Z-section 110', which 110', whichalleviates alleviates thethe need need for spacer for the the spacer 115. 115.

[0086] While

[0086] While the the embodiments embodiments described described above above relaterelate to transfer to transfer beams, beams, the skilled the skilled

11 2019283900 18 Dec 2019

addresseewill addressee will readily appreciate that readily appreciate that the the structural structural member member maymay comprise comprise any bearing any load load bearing elementin ina askeletal element skeletal structure structure of aofbuilding, a building, for example. for example.

[0087] Advantageously,

[0087] Advantageously, the structural the structural members members disclosed disclosed above enable enable provision aboveprovision of strongof strong beams coldformed beams cold formed beams beams thatthat enable, enable, for for example, example, large large (e.g. (e.g. 15m+) 15m+) side side openings openings in sheds, in sheds,

which suits which suits aa number numberof of applicationsincluding applications includingthe thefarming farmingcommunity community withwith largelarge header header type type machinery. machinery.

[0088]

[0088] Thestructural The structural member membermay may include include additional additional resistance resistance to distortion, to distortion, bending, bending,

sagging and sagging andbuckling bucklingwhen when compared compared withwith corresponding corresponding C-section C-section beams.beams.

[0089]

[0089] addition totoproviding In addition In providing additional additional strength, strength, the Z-sections the Z-sections close close off off the C-sections. the C-sections.

This is This is particularly particularlyuseful usefulinindusty dustyenvironments, as it environments, as it prevents dust from prevents dust from gathering gatheringinin the the C-C sections, which sections, caninin turn which can turn cause causecorrosion corrosionofofthe theC-sections C-sections as as thethe dust dust may may attract attract and/or and/or

retain moisture. retain moisture.

[0090]

[0090] In this In this specification the term specification the term"building" "building"andand "building "building structure", whenwhen structure", used used as as a a noun, noun, shall be shall understood be understood to mean to mean a relatively a relatively permanent permanent structurestructure built built as a as a dwelling, dwelling, shelter, shelter, or place or place for human for human activities activities andand including including a roof, a roof, but not but shall shall be not be to limited limited to a structure a structure which which includes includes walls. For walls. For example, example,Dutch Dutchbarns barns andand structures,which likestructures, like whichmaymay be be used used to shelter to shelter products products or or animals,should animals, should be considered be considered to falltowithin fall within the meaning the meaning of "building" of "building" or structure" or "building "building as structure" as used herein,irrespective used herein, irrespective of whether of whether such structures such structures include include walls. walls.

[0091] In theIn present

[0091] the present specification specification and (if and claims claims any),(if the any), wordthe word 'comprising' 'comprising' and its and its derivativesincluding derivatives including 'comprises' 'comprises' and 'comprise' and 'comprise' includeinclude each of each of theintegers the stated stated but integers but does not does not excludethethe exclude inclusion inclusion of one of one or more or more further further integers. integers.

[0092] Reference

[0092] Reference throughout throughout thisthis specification to specification to 'one 'one embodiment' embodiment' or or 'an 'an embodiment' embodiment means thata aparticular means that feature, structure, particularfeature, structure, or or characteristic characteristic described described inin connection connectionwith withthethe embodimentisis included embodiment included in in at at least least one one embodiment of the embodiment of the present present invention. invention. Thus, Thus, the the appearance of appearance of the the phrases phrases 'in 'in one one embodiment' embodiment' oror'in 'in an an embodiment embodiment'in invarious places variousplaces throughout this throughout thisspecification specificationare arenotnot necessarily necessarily all referring all referring to same to the the same embodiment. embodiment.

Furthermore,the Furthermore, theparticular particular features, features, structures, structures, or or characteristics characteristics may maybe be combined combined in in any any suitable manner suitable in one manner in oneoror more morecombinations. combinations.

[0093]

[0093] In compliance In the statute, with the compliance with statute, the the invention invention has describedinin language been described has been languagemore more or less or less specific specifictotostructural structuralorormethodical methodical features. features. It is It is to be to be understood understood that the invention that the invention is is not not limited limitedtotospecific specificfeatures shown features shownor ordescribed describedsince since the themeans herein described means herein described comprises comprises preferred forms preferred forms of of putting putting thethe invention invention into into effect. effect. The invention The invention is, therefore, is, therefore, claimed claimed in any of in any of

12 2019

its forms its forms or or modifications modifications within withinthe theproper proper scope scope of of the the appended claims(if appended claims (if any) any) appropriately appropriately interpretedbybythose interpreted those skilled skilled in in thethe art. art. 2019283900 18 Dec

Claims (20)

1. A structural member for a building structure, the structural member comprising: a first member, which is a roll formed steel C-section (or U-section) member with a substantially uniform cross section having an opening extending along a length of the first member, which provides access into an inside of the first member; and a second member, which is a roll formed steel Z-section member with a substantially uniform cross section; 2019283900

wherein

the first member is operable in use to be, in one step in installing the structural member, secured to one or more other member(s) or part(s) of the building structure by one or more fastener(s) which extend from the inside of the first member and through the first member to secure the first member to the said other member(s) or part(s) of the building structure, and

the second member is operable in use to be, in a subsequent step in installing the structural member, secured to:

the first member by one or more fastener(s) which extend through the second member and into the first member, and also

the said member(s) or part(s) of the building structure by one or more fastener(s) which extend through the second member to secure the second member to the said other member(s) or part(s) of the building structure, and

when the second member is secured to the first member at least a part of the second member extends across the opening of the first member, at least partly along a length of the first member, to thereby increase the strength of the structural member compared to that of the first member alone.

2. The structural member of claim 1, wherein the first member includes a web, and first and second flanges extending outwardly from the web, and the opening is provided between the first and second flanges.

3. The structural member of claim 2, wherein the first and second flanges include lips which extend inwardly towards each other.

4. The structural member of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the second member includes a web, the web configured to be able, in use, to extend across the opening of

the first member.

5. The structural member of claim 4, wherein the second member includes a first flange, extending outwardly from the web and which is configured to be able, in use, to overlap with a flange of the first member.

6. The structural member of claim 5, wherein the second member includes a second flange, extending outwardly from the web in an opposite direction to the first flange. 2019283900

7. The structural member of claim 6, wherein the second flange of the second member is configured to be able, in use, to be secured to the said other member(s) or part(s) of the building structure.

8. The structural member of any one of claims 5-7, wherein the first and second flanges of the second member each have a lip at the end thereof, wherein the lip on the first flange extends in the same direction as lip on the second flange.

9. The structural member of any one of the preceding claims comprising multiple first members and multiple second members, wherein each of the first members has at least a part of a second member extending across its opening.

10. The structural member of claim 9, including a pair of first members arranged back to back with a web of one of the first members abutting a web of the other first member.

11. The structural member of claim 10, wherein one or more fastener(s) are used to secure the adjacent webs of the pair of first members to each other.

12. The structural member of claim 9, including a pair of first members arranged in a stacked arrangement with a flange of one of the first members abutting a flange of the other first member.

13. The structural member of claim 12, wherein one or more fastener(s) are used to secure the adjacent flanges of the pair of first members to each other.

14. The structural member of claim 9 comprising multiple first members arranged both back to back, with a web of one of the first members abutting a web of another first member, and also stacked, with a flange of one of the first members abutting a flange of another first member.

15. The structural member of any one of the preceding claims when installed as a transfer beam.

16. The transfer beam of claim 15, wherein one or both of the following apply: the transfer beam is configured to support a plurality of rafters of the building structure; and the transfer beam extends between opposing columns of the building structure.

17. The transfer beam of claim 16, wherein the transfer beam extends between opposing columns, the first member(s) of the transfer beam are configured to extend between the opposing columns, and the second member(s) are configured to extend along a portion of the first member(s). 2019283900

18. The structural member, or transfer beam, of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the second member(s) extend along at least 50% of the length of the first member(s).

19. A building structure including at least one structural member that comprises:

a first member, which is a roll formed steel C-section (or U-section) member with a substantially uniform cross section having an opening extending along a length of the first member, which provides access into an inside of the first member; and

a second member, which is a roll formed steel Z-section member with a substantially uniform cross section;

wherein

the first member is operable in use to be, in one step in installing the structural member, secured to one or more other member(s) or part(s) of the building structure by one or more fastener(s) which extend from the inside of the first member and through the first member to secure the first member to the said other member(s) or part(s) of the building structure, and

the second member is operable in use to be, in a subsequent step in installing structural member, secured to:

the first member by one or more fastener(s) which extend through the second member and into the first member, and also

the said member(s) or part(s) of the building structure by one or more fastener(s) which extend through the second member to secure the second member to the said other member(s) or part(s) of the building structure, and

when the second member is secured to the first member at least a part of it extends across the opening of the first member, at least partly along a length of the first member, to thereby increase the strength of the structural member compared to that of the first member alone.

20. A method for installing a structural member in a building structure, wherein the structural member comprises:

a first member, which is a roll formed steel C-section (or U-section) member with a substantially uniform cross section having an opening extending along a length of the first member, which provides access into an inside of the first member; and

a second member, which is a roll formed steel Z-section member with a substantially uniform cross section; 2019283900

wherein the method comprises

in one step in installing the structural member in the building structure, securing the first member to one or more other member(s) or part(s) of the building structure by one or more fastener(s) which extend from the inside of the first member and through the first member to secure the first member to the said other member(s) or part(s) of the building structure, and

in a subsequent step in installing structural member, securing the second member to:

the first member by one or more fastener(s) which extend through the second member and into the first member, and also

the said member(s) or part(s) of the building structure by one or more fastener(s) which extend through the second member to secure the second member to the said other member(s) or part(s) of the building structure,

such that, when the second member is secured to the first member, at least a part of it extends across the opening of the first member, at least partly along a length of the first member, to thereby increase the strength of the structural member compared to that of the first member alone.