AU2020212495B2 - Intelligent fiber rope termination, module and networking technologies - Google Patents

Abstract

A cable including an integrated intelligent cable module. The module preferably includes an integral instrument package. The instrument package may assume many forms and may serve many purposes. In a preferred embodiment, the module includes a position- determining system and an on-board processor. The processor determines a current location in space for the module based on the information it is receiving. This positional information may then be transmitted to an external receiver. The module also preferably includes load- monitoring and recording features. These features act as a "black box" for the cable, monitoring its performance and reporting (in real-time or at a later time) any exceedances or any deterioration in performance or structural integrity.

Description

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TITLE OF THE INVENTION: INTELLIGENT FIBER ROPE TERMINATION, MODULE, AND NETWORKING TECHNOLOGIES

CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This non-provisional patent application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Patent

Application Serial Number 15/445,306 and claims the benefit, pursuant to 37 C.F.R. section

1.53(c), of an earlier-filed provisional patent application assigned serial number 62/686,210.

The parent application listed the same inventors and remains pending as of the time of this

filing.

STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT Not Applicable.

MICROFICHE APPENDIX Not Applicable member

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DESCRIPTION Title of the Invention: Intelligent Fiber Rope Termination, Module, and Networking

Technologies

1. Technical Field.

This invention relates to the field of tensile strength members. More specifically, the

invention comprises an intelligent cable module that can be placed in any desired position

along a rope or cable. The module preferably includes an instrument package useful for

things such as position monitoring and load monitoring, as well as other components that are

connected to the instrument package.

2. Background Art.

In In this this disclosure disclosure the the terms terms "rope" "rope" and and "cable" "cable" are are used used interchangeably. interchangeably. Both Both are are

examples of a "tensile strength member," meaning a component that readily transmits tensile

forces but not compressive forces. Tensile strength members must generally be connected to

other components in order to be useful. A flexible cable provides a good example. Most

cables include some type of end-fitting configured to transmit a load. For example, a cable

used in a hoist generally includes a lifting hook on its free end. This lifting hook may be

rigged to a load. The assembly of an end-fitting and the portion of the cable to which it is

attached is commonly called a "termination." A termination is a useful point for the addition

of the inventive intelligent cable module, though such a module can be added at other points

as well.

The present invention has application to many fields where cables are used. A non-

exhaustive listing of applicable fields includes offshore lifting, ship mooring, drag line cranes

(in both fixed and moveable rigging), power shovels (in both fixed and moveable rigging),

civil structure tendons (suspension bridges and the like), and floating structure moorings

(such as offshore oil rigs)

Most high-strength cables are presently made of steel. The cable is a wound or

braided assembly of individual steel wire. An end fitting (such as a lifting hook) is often

attached to the steel cable by placing a length of the cable within a cavity running through a

portion of the end fitting. The wires within the end fitting are splayed apart and a potting

compound is then used to lock the wires within the fitting. The term "potting compound"

means any substance which transitions from a liquid to a solid over time. Examples include

molten lead, thermoplastics, and UV-cure or thermoset resins (such as two-part polyesters or

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epoxies). Other examples include plasters, ceramics, and cements. The term "solid" is by no

means limited to an ordered crystalline structure such as found in most metals. In the context

of this invention, the term "solid" means a state in which the material does not flow

significantly under the influence of gravity. Thus, a soft but stable wax is yet another

example of such a solid.

Molten lead was traditionally used as a potting compound for steel cables. Once the

individual wires were splayed within the expanding cavity of an end-fitting, molten lead was

poured into the cavity. The lead then solidified and locked a portion of the cable in the

cavity. In more recent years lead has been replaced by high-strength epoxies.

Modern cables may still be made of steel, but high-strength synthetic filaments are

becoming more common. These include DYNEEMA (ultra-high-molecular weight

polyethylene), SPECTRA (ultra-high-molecular weight polyethylene), TECHNORA (processed terephhthaloyl chloride), TWARON (para-aramid), KEVLAR (para-aramid),

VECTRAN (liquid crystal polymer), PBO (polybenzobisoxazole), carbon fiber, and glass

fiber (among many others). Modern cables may also be made of older, lower-strength

synthetic materials such as NYLON. In the case of high-strength synthetics, the individual

filaments have a thickness that is less than that of human hair. The filaments are very strong

in tension, but they are not very rigid. They also tend to have low surface friction. These

facts make such synthetic filaments difficult to handle during the process of adding a

termination and difficult to organize. Hybrid cable designs are also emerging in which

traditional materials are combined with high-strength synthetic materials. These present

additional challenges, since the metal portions may be quite stiff while the synthetic portions

will not be.

Those skilled in the art will know that cables made from synthetic filaments have a

wide variety of constructions. In many cases a protective jacket will be provided over the

exterior of the synthetic filament. This jacket does not carry any significant tensile load and

it may therefore be made of a different material.

Most larger cables are made as an organized grouping of smaller cables. The smaller

cables are often referred to as "strands." One example is a parallel core of synthetic filaments

surrounded by a jacket of braided filaments. In other cases the cable may be braided

throughout. In still other examples the cable construction may be: (1) an entirely parallel

construction enclosed in a jacket made of different material, (2) a helical "twist" construction,

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(3) (3) aa more more complex constructionofofmultiple complex construction multiplehelices, helices, multiple multiple braids, braids, or orsome some combination of combination of

helices and braids, or (4) a hybrid construction including metallic constituents. helices and braids, or (4) a hybrid construction including metallic constituents.

The reader The reader is is referred referredtotocommonly-owned U.S.Patent commonly-owned U.S. Patent No. No.8,371,015 8,371,015 for for more more detailed descriptions regarding the application of an attachment to a sub-component of a larger detailed descriptions regarding the application of an attachment to a sub-component of a larger

cable. The '015 Patent explains how individual anchors can be attached to the strands and the cable. The '015 Patent explains how individual anchors can be attached to the strands and the 2020212495

anchors can then be attached to a common collector to create a uniform load-bearing structure. anchors can then be attached to a common collector to create a uniform load-bearing structure.

The present disclosure is not limited to multi-stranded terminations. Any form of cable The present disclosure is not limited to multi-stranded terminations. Any form of cable

termination may termination maybebeused, used,such suchasasa asingle singlesocket socketfor forexample. example.The The exemplary exemplary embodiments embodiments

depicted all include multi-stranded terminations but this fact should not be viewed as limiting. depicted all include multi-stranded terminations but this fact should not be viewed as limiting.

The embodiments specifically described pertain primarily to the field of deep water lifting and The embodiments specifically described pertain primarily to the field of deep water lifting and

lowering. The present disclosure is by no means limited to this field, however. lowering. The present disclosure is by no means limited to this field, however.

Modernhigh-performance Modern high-performance cables cables incorporating incorporating synthetic synthetic fibers fibers (in (in purepure formform or inor in hybrid form) provide the same strength as steel cables but with a substantial weight reduction. hybrid form) provide the same strength as steel cables but with a substantial weight reduction.

For long hoisting operations the weight of the cable often exceeds the weight of the payload. For long hoisting operations the weight of the cable often exceeds the weight of the payload.

A reduction in the weight of the cable results in a direct increase in payload. The inventive A reduction in the weight of the cable results in a direct increase in payload. The inventive

products described products described herein herein will will most mostoften often be be applied applied to to high-strength high-strength cables cables (5 (5 Tons to 2000 Tons to 2000 Tonsororeven Tons evenmore). more). These These applications applications are are often often critical critical in nature. in nature. Thus, Thus, it useful it is is useful to to incorporate intelligentcable incorporate intelligent cable modules modules thatmonitor that can can monitor a cable's a cable's conditioncondition while it while it remains in remains in

operation. Embodiments operation. Embodiments of of thepresent the presentdisclosure disclosuremay may provide provide such such a capability. a capability.

Anyreference Any referencetotoorordiscussion discussionofofanyany document, document, act act or item or item of knowledge of knowledge in in this this specification is included solely for the purpose of providing a context for the present invention. specification is included solely for the purpose of providing a context for the present invention.

It is not suggested or represented that any of these matters or any combination thereof formed It is not suggested or represented that any of these matters or any combination thereof formed

at at the thepriority prioritydate part date of of part thethe common common general general knowledge, or was knowledge, or known was known totobeberelevant relevanttotoan an attempt to attempt to solve solve any any problem withwhich problem with whichthis thisspecification specification is is concerned. concerned.

For the avoidance of doubt, in this specification, the terms ‘comprises’, ‘comprising’, For the avoidance of doubt, in this specification, the terms 'comprises', 'comprising',

‘includes’, ‘including’,ororsimilar 'includes', 'including', similar terms terms are are intended intended to amean to mean a non-exclusive non-exclusive inclusion,inclusion, such such that aa method, that systemororapparatus method, system apparatusthat thatcomprises comprisesa alist list of of elements elementsdoes doesnot notinclude includethose those elements solely, but may well include other elements not listed. elements solely, but may well include other elements not listed.

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4A SUMMARYOF SUMMARY OFINVENTION INVENTION An aspectofofthethepresent An aspect present disclosure disclosure provides provides an integrated an integrated cable with cable system system with intelligent intelligent

monitoring features, comprising: a) a multi-stranded cable including synthetic fibers, wherein monitoring features, comprising: a) a multi-stranded cable including synthetic fibers, wherein

aa majority majorityofofa tensile a tensile load load placed placed oncable on said said is cable is carried carried by said synthetic by said synthetic fibers; b) fibers; said b) said cable including aapayload cable including payloadendend andand an extraction an extraction point point distal distal to said to said payload payload end; end; c) an c) an 2020212495

2020212495

intelligent cable intelligent cablemodule module connected to said connected to said cable cable along along aa length length of of the the cable cable between endsofof between ends

the cable; d) an instrument package connected to said intelligent cable module, said instrument the cable; d) an instrument package connected to said intelligent cable module, said instrument

packageincluding package includinga aprocessor; processor;e) e) wherein wherein said said instrument instrument package package contains contains a plurality a plurality of of load sensors for a plurality of said strands, with each of said load sensors being configured to load sensors for a plurality of said strands, with each of said load sensors being configured to

measurea aload measure loadonononeone of of said said strands;andand strands; f) f) a a communication communication link link contained contained within within said said intelligent cable intelligent module,wherein cable module, wherein saidsaid communication communication link is link is configured configured to to transmit transmit information from information fromsaid saidprocessor. processor. A further A further aspect aspectprovides providesan an integrated integrated cable cable system system with with intelligent intelligent monitoring monitoring

features, comprising: features, comprising: a) a) aa multi-stranded multi-stranded cable cable including including aa payload payload end and aa second end and secondend; end;b)b) an an intelligent intelligentcable cablemodule module connected to said connected to said cable cable between said payload between said end and payload end and said said second second end; c) end; c) said said intelligent intelligent cable cable module module including including an instrument an instrument package, package, said instrument said instrument

package including a processor; d) wherein said instrument package contains a plurality of load package including a processor; d) wherein said instrument package contains a plurality of load

sensors for aa plurality sensors for plurality of of said said strands, strands, with with each of said each of said load load sensors sensors being beingconfigured configuredtoto measurea aload measure loadononone one of of saidstrands; said strands;and and e) e) a communication a communication link link contained contained within within said said instrument package,wherein instrument package, whereinsaid saidcommunication communication linklink is configured is configured to transmit to transmit information information

from said from said processor. processor. Thepresent The presentdisclosure disclosurecomprises comprises a cable a cable including including an integrated an integrated intelligent intelligent cable cable

module.The module. Themodule module preferably preferably includes includes an integral an integral instrument instrument package. package. The instrument The instrument

packagemay package mayassume assume many many forms forms andserve and may may serve many purposes. many purposes. In a preferred In a preferred embodiment, embodiment,

the module the includesaa position-determining module includes position-determiningsystem systemand andananon-board on-board processor. processor. The The processor processor

determines a current location in space for the module based on the information it is receiving. determines a current location in space for the module based on the information it is receiving.

This positional This positional information maythen information may thenbebetransmitted transmittedtotoananexternal externalreceiver. receiver.InInthe the scenario scenario wherethe where the module moduleisisattached attachedtoto aa termination termination near near aa payload, the positional payload, the positional information information may may

be used by an external positioning device (such as a crane) to control the motion of the cable. be used by an external positioning device (such as a crane) to control the motion of the cable.

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The module also preferably includes load-monitoring and recording features. These

features act as a "black box" for the cable, monitoring its performance and reporting (in real-

time or at a later time) any exceedances or any deterioration in performance or structural

integrity.

100

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view, showing an exemplary intelligent anchor

made according to the present invention.

105 FIG. 2 is a sectional elevation view, showing one type of strand termination that may

be used.

FIG. 3 is a sectional elevation view, showing representative instrumentation that may

be added to a strand termination.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view, showing one possible construction for a multi-stranded

110 cable. cable.

FIG. 5 is a plan view, showing a collector.

FIG. 6 is an exploded perspective view, showing additional features of the housing

and collector.

FIG. 7 is a sectional elevation view, showing a version in which a separate collector

115 115 and housing is used.

FIG. 8 is a sectional elevation view, showing a completed assembly using the

components of FIG. 7.

FIG. 9 is a schematic view, showing a representative instrumentation package for an

inventive termination.

120 FIG. 10 is a sectional elevation view, showing another embodiment of the inventive

termination.

FIG. 11 is a perspective view, showing an inventive termination with thrusters.

FIG. 12 is a sectional elevation view, showing a strand termination with an embedded

sensing/comm element.

125 FIG. FIG. 13 13 is is aa perspective perspective view, view, showing showing the the use use of of the the inventive inventive termination termination to to place place aa

payload in the deep water lifting environment.

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FIG. 14 is a perspective view, showing the addition of an external camera to the

assembly of FIG. 13.

FIG. 15 is a perspective view, showing the addition of a pair of ROV garages and

130 ROV's to the intelligent cable termination.

FIG. 16 is a perspective view, showing one of the ROV's of FIG. 15 in operation.

FIG. 17 is a perspective view, showing a different payload configuration.

FIG. 18 is an elevation view, showing a common construction for a braided cable.

FIG. 19 is a perspective view, showing how the strands of a cable can be loosened to

135 expose a central void and gaps between the individual strands.

FIG. 20 is a perspective view, showing an exemplary intelligent cable module

configured to fit in the central void of a braided cable.

FIG. 21 is an elevation view with a cutaway, showing the intelligent cable module of

FIG. 20 installed inside a cable.

140 FIG. 22 is a sectional elevation view, showing the use of clamping collars to hold the

module of FIG. 21 in position.

FIG. 23 is a perspective view, showing an embodiment of the intelligent cable module

including radial prongs to stabilize its position.

FIG. 24 is an elevation view, showing an embodiment of an intelligent cable module

145 configured to clamp to the exterior of a cable.

FIG. 25 is an elevation view, showing the use of multiple intelligent cable modules

along a cable in a marine lifting application.

FIG. 26 is a perspective view showing how an intelligent cable module can be added

at any desired position along a cable's length.

150 FIG. 27 is an exploded perspective view, showing the addition of an intelligent cable

module in a length of cable.

FIG. FIG. 28 28 is is an an elevation elevation view, view, showing showing the the addition addition of of two two intelligent intelligent cable cable modules modules in in

a length of cable.

FIG. 29 is a schematic view, showing a master-based network among intelligent cable

155 modules and other systems.

FIG. 30 is a schematic view, showing a masterless network among intelligent cable

modules and other systems.

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FIG. 31 is a perspective view, showing an intelligent cable module integrated into a

ship mooring system.

160 FIG. 32 is a plan view, showing the system of FIG. 31

FIG. 33 is a perspective view, showing the incorporation of an intelligent cable

module in a small single-strand termination.

FIG. 34 is a sectional elevation view, showing internal details of the embodiment of

FIG. 33.

165 FIG. 35 is an elevation view, showing an exemplary graphical user interface.

REFERENCE NUMERALS IN THE DRAWINGS 10 cable

12 strand

170 18 anchor

20 cavity

22 potted region

24 loading stud

26 26 male thread

175 28 threaded engagement

30 strand termination

34 collector

38 receiver

40 nut

180 44 hemi bearing

46 46 opening

48 through hole

50 central opening

64 middle strand middle strand collector collector

185 66 distal strand collector

68 load cell

70 jacket

72 core

74 housing

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190 76 clevis structure

78 transverse hole

80 bolt

82 receiver

84 recess

195 86 cavity

88 first instrument package

90 second instrument package

92 connection

94 core termination

200 200 96 battery

98 power supply

100 inertial measurement system

102 processor 102 processor

104 memory 104 memory 205 106 external power connector

108 external externaldata dataconnector connector

110 acoustic acousticantenna antenna

112 acoustic transducer

114 I/O port

210 116 I/O port

118 I/O port

120 load cell

122 load cell

124 load cell

215 126 I/O port

128 128 pressure sensor

130 temperature temperaturesensor sensor

132 intelligent cable termination

134 thruster controller

220 salinity 136 salinity

138 extended housing

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thruster 140 thruster

trunnion mount 142 trunnion 142 mount

144 144 sensing/comm element

225 146 146 sensor sensor

sensor 148 sensor lead lead

sensor 150 sensor lead lead

160 potting surface

162 payload

230 164 lifting tang

166 connector 166 connector

168 168 cable cable 170 camera 170 camera

172 ROV garage 235 174 ROV 176 ROV garage 178 ROV 180 tether

182 connector 182 connector

240 cable 184 cable 184 186 connector 186 connector

188 tang 188 tang

190 sling 190 sling

192 release mechanism release mechanism

245 194 pallet

196 leg

198 central void

200 inter-strand void inter-strand void

202 intelligent cable module

250 250 204 communication strand

206 connector 206 connector

208 module casing

210 bulging portion

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212 212 clamping collar

255 214 214 radial prong

216 216 casing half

218 casing half

220 antenna 220 antenna

222 external display

260 224 vessel

226 226 through hole

228 nut nut

230 master node

232 node

265 234 controlling computer

240 vessel 240 vessel

242 bollard 242 bollard

244 mooring line

246 sling

270 transition 248 transition

250 mooring stay

252 quay

254 winch

256 controller

275 258 termination

260 anchor

262 loading flange

264 antenna antenna

266 strain gauge strain gauge

280 connection 268 connection 268 monitor 270 monitor 270 272 windows display

274 line identification data

276 monitoring parameters

285 278 potting transition

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280 filament limit

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS FIG. 1 provides an exploded view of an exemplary intelligent cable module that is

290 configured to be located near one end of a cable. The intelligent cable module is therefore

referred to as an "intelligent cable termination." Intelligent cable termination 132 is shown as

an exploded assembly in FIG. 1. The particular cable 10 shown has nine individual strands 12

surrounding a core. All these components are encompassed within a surrounding jacket. A

portion of the jacket is removed to reveal the individual strands and the core. A strand

295 termination 30 is affixed to the end of each individual strand 12. Each strand termination 30

is then attached to collector 34.

The intelligent cable termination 132 is configured to attach to an external element

(such as a payload to be hoisted and placed by a crane). A connecting feature can be added to

collector 34. However, in the version shown, the connecting feature (clevis structure 76) is

300 incorporated as part of a separate housing 74. Housing 74 connects to collector 34. Using

this approach, tension carried by strands 12 is transmitted to the collector, then to housing 74

and finally through clevis structure 76 to an external element.

In addition to carrying the cable's load, housing 74 in this embodiment provides

additional internal space for housing an instrument package or packages. The instrument

305 package or packages allows the integrated termination to become an "intelligent" termination,

as will be described subsequently.

Middle Middle strand strandcollector 64 slides collector over over 64 slides the splayed strands strands the splayed and attaches and to the attaches to the

perimeter of collector 34. Distal strand collector 66 (which is split into two halves in this

version), clamps over the small end of the middle strand collector and seals the interface

310 between the middle strand collector and the jacketed portion of the cable. These components

direct the transition of the strands from their configuration within the cable to the "splayed"

state proximate collector 34.

FIG. 2 is a sectional elevation view showing an exemplary structure for a strand

termination 30. The individual filaments within strand 12 (which may be a million filaments

315 or more in the case of an advanced synthetic material) are connected to anchor 18, such as by

potting a length of the filaments within cavity 20 to form potted region 22. Loading stud 28

is connected to anchor 18 via threaded engagement 28. The loading stud is equipped with a

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suitable force-transferring feature - in this case male thread 26. This assembly thereby

transmits tensile loads from strand 12 to loading stud 24.

320 FIG. 3 is a sectional elevation view depicting an exemplary connection between

strand termination 30 and collector 34. In this version a ball-and-socket connection is used.

Opening 46 passes through collector 34 at an angle. A hemispherical receiver 38 is provided

in the portion of the opening opposite the strand. Hemi bearing 44 rests in receiver 38.

Loading stud 24 passes through hemi bearing 44. Load cell 68 is placed on top of hemi

325 bearing 44. Nut 40 secures the assembly in place. Each individual strand termination

includes its own adjusting nut, nut. The nuts may be used to individually allocate the total tension

among the strands. Load cell 68 provides an electrical output that corresponds to the amount

of compressive load it is presently experiencing. Each individual strand termination is

preferably provided with a load cell SO so that the load on each strand can be monitored. In this

330 example the intelligent cable module receives and monitors the information from the load

cells. It can also place this information in a suitable communication format and transmit it to

an external monitoring system.

The load cell shown in this version is illustrative of any load/stress/strain sensing

device that is incorporated into a cable or strand's load path. Other types of devices may be

335 substituted. As an additional example, a pressure sensing device can be provided within the

potted region inside the anchor. As still another example, a strain gauge may be attached to

the exterior surface of the strand termination.

FIG. FIG. 44 shows shows aa cross cross sectional sectional view view through through an an exemplary exemplary cable cable assembly assembly of of the the type type

depicted in FIG. 1. This particular cable has ten sub-groupings - core 72 surrounded by nine

340 strands 12. Optional jacket 70 may be provided to surround and protect the other

components. While cable jackets are not common in the field of deep water lowering and

lifting (primarily due to inspection limitations), with the addition of sensory technologies, an

external jacket may be an advantageous feature. External jackets are more common in other

applications.

345 FIG. 5 depicts a plan view of collector 34 (the same version as shown in FIG. 1).

Center opening 50 receives core 72. Nine openings 46 are provided for the nine strands 12.

Nine through holes 48 are provided for bolts that are used to attach the collector to the

housing.

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FIG. 6 provides a perspective view of collector 34 and housing 74. The reader will

350 350 note how the nine through holes 48 in the collector align with nine receivers 82 in housing

74. Each receiver 82 includes a female thread. Nine bolts 80 are passed through the receiver

and into the nine threaded receivers 82 in the housing. The bolts are then tightened to secure

the collector to housing 74.

In this example housing 74 is machined as one integral piece. It includes clevis

355 structure 76 with transverse hole 78. This is configured to receive a tang and cross-pin in

order to attach the housing to some external element. An example of an external element

would be a payload that is to be lifted and moved using the inventive cable termination. In

many cases additional rigging (such as lifting slings) and hardware will be added to the clevis

structure shown. Thus, the clevis structure should be viewed as exemplary and non-limiting.

360 Housing 74 includes an internal recess 84 that may be used to house one or more

instrumentation packages. FIG. 7 shows a sectional elevation view through collector 34 and

housing 74. Cavity 86 is provided in the portion of the housing that faces the collector. One

or more additional recesses may be provided where the limitations of structural strength

requirements permit. In the example shown, two such recesses 84 are provided.

365 It is preferable to provide space for instrumentation within the integrated termination

itself. However, any available region around the integrated termination could be employed as

space for instrumentation - provided that it is sufficiently protected (for applications needing

such protection). The protective body for the instrumentation need not be the same body

that is used for the integrated termination. Housing 74 is preferably quite robust, and in some

370 cases may be sealed from water and/or water pressure. Given that most instruments are

sensitive to water and / or the pressures of deep water operation, a boundary will typically

need to be established for ocean lifting applications. This can either be done within housing

74 as an example, or individually between instrument package components. For example the

power source and sensors may have independently sealed packages for this purpose. Housing

375 74 would then not require an overall seal.

The user will note in FIG. 7 how bolts 80 may be placed in through holes 48 and

threaded into receivers 82. FIG. 8 shows a sectional view through an assembly made

according to the present invention (The section is taken on the same plane used for FIG. 7).

Core termination 94 is provided on the end of core 72 in this example. It is secured within

380 central opening 50 in collector 34. In this version core 72 is not intended to carry significant

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tension. It houses communication and / or power lines that extend along the entire length, or

in some cases a portion, of the cable.

First instrument package 88 and second instrument package 90 are contained within

housing 74. These instrument packages are connected to the elements in core 72 (such as

385 fiber optic lines and electrical conductors). The instrument packages are also connected (in

this version) to the load cells monitoring the load on each individual strand. As will be

known to those working in the field of deep water lifting, the addition of power,

communication, data, air, fluid, or any form of auxiliary service line can be incorporated

within the strength member to increase the service context of the intelligent cable module.

390 These service lines can be incorporated in countless configurations, such as inside strands,

between strands, within layers of the jacket, temporarily wrapped and unwrapped around the

outside of the cable, etc. The proposed invention is not limited to any specific cable design.

However, the addition of auxiliary service lines can significantly increase the advantages of

the inventive termination.

395 As an example of the above, the addition of fiber optics and in some cases power

within the lifting cable may allow high speed data transfer for real-time feedback of position,

or operation of subsea ROVs and/or AUVs. In such cases, the intelligent termination can

more easily become the power and/or communication hub for additional machines and/or

devices operating at depth.

400 400 The reader will also note in the example of FIG. 8 that middle strand collector 64 has

been attached to the outer perimeter of collector 34. The unification of these elements (see

FIG. 1 - housing, collector, middle strand collector, distal strand collector, and cable) creates

a solid and protective assembly. As shown in FIG. 8, the instrument packages and associated

connections are well-protected inside a very solid surrounding structure. This configuration

405 is preferable, as a cable termination frequently lives in a hostile environment. As covered

previously, this housing may take on many shapes and forms, including separate or attached

housings that may not be within the termination casing.

The instrument package(s) may include many types of electronic devices. FIG. 9

schematically depicts an exemplary embodiment to aid the reader's understanding. The

410 reader should first bear in mind that some versions will include external power and/or

communication connections, while others will not. The unconnected versions will run on

internal power and may save information for subsequent downloading, or pulse information

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to other sources on an interval or as-needed basis (such as a strand integrity breach alarm

signaling an acoustic transmitter to communicate to a ship-board receiver). The connected

415 versions may transfer information up the cable (to a receiver on board a surface vessel) as

they are being used. FIG. 9 shows an externally-connected version (meaning a version that is

designed to maintain communication up the cable).

The instrument package(s) may include only analog devices. An example would be

load cell circuitry that sends a sensed value up the cable. It is preferable in most cases,

420 however, to include digital devices such as one or more processors. These may be used to

convert information to a digital format and thereby facilitate easier retention and transmittal.

The example of FIG. 9 uses digital circuitry.

Processor 102 is ideally a programmable device capable of running suitable software.

It includes an associated memory 104. The memory is preferably non-volatile SO so that it may

425 store data over time even if the power is lost. Power supply 98 provides stable power to all

the components shown (The power connections are not depicted). The power supply may

draw input power from battery 96, from external power connector 106, or both. Additionally

it may draw power from an alternate source such as an ROV tether or auxiliary power source

on the sea floor.

430 Inertial measurement system 100 ("IMS") provides position and orientation data to

the processor. It preferably provides full six degree of freedom information. Using

conventional nomenclature, this means that the IMS provides such information as X-axis

position, Y-axis position, Z-axis position, roll angle, pitch angle, and yaw angle. The IMS

may also provide such information as a rate-of-change for these values. The information

435 provided by the IMS allows the processor to "know" the intelligent module's position in

space and its orientation. This assumes, of course, that accurate initial information is

provided (an initial value for all six state variables). Providing initial state information is

well understood in the art. As one example, the termination might be placed in an initial

"zeroing" fixture. After it is zeroed the cable to which the termination is connected would

440 then be lifted by a boom on a crane and swung into service moving a payload.

The IMS is not limited to any particular kind of system. Such systems have

traditionally used spinning gyroscopes in combination with linear accelerometers. However,

since space will be somewhat limited inside the termination, solid state solutions are

preferable. The preferred embodiments will likely employ "ring laser gyros." As those

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445 skilled in the art will know, these devices are not gyros at all. Rather, each individual ring

laser measures interference between counter-propagating laser beams to sense angular

velocity. Mathematical functions are used to convert the angular velocity to angular

position. Where less accuracy is required, MEMS devices (micro electromechanical systems)

may be used for monitoring the roll, pitch, and yaw motion.

450 Linear accelerometers (essentially very accurate force detectors) are used to measure

linear acceleration that is then integrated to determine position (X, Y, and Z). Where high

accuracy is needed, three orthogonal ring laser assemblies are used and multiple linear

accelerometers are used. The IMS generally contains its own internal processor and memory.

These units integrate the received data to produce values for the six state variables.

455 Alternatively, raw data may be fed from the IMS to the processor and the processor may

perform the integrating functions.

The reader should bear in mind that not all inventive embodiments will include a full

six degree of freedom IMS. As an example, some embodiments may provide only positional

data without any attitude data. Others may provide attitude data with no reference to

460 position. Still others may omit an IMS altogether.

Multiple input/output ports 114, 116, 118, 126 are provided for the processor. I/O

port 114 provides connection to communication connector 108. In this example the

communication connector provides a hard-wired connecting to the far end of the cable. If,

for example, the cable is being paid off a shipboard crane, the far end of the cable will remain

465 on the ship and the communication connector will allow real-time communication between

the ship and the termination (even though the termination may be thousands of meters below

the ocean's surface).

I/O port 116 connects processor 102 to acoustic transducer 112. The acoustic

transducer is connected to acoustic antenna 110. This is a device intended for undersea

470 470 communications. It allows sonar-like signals to be sent by the termination to other devices.

The termination can also receive these signals from an external source. This type of

communication device is merely an example, as it is one of many potential technologies that

can be used to either transmit or receive information. As an example, for the standing

rigging on a drag-line crane, the communication is preferably via radio signals and antenna

475 110 in that application would be an R/F antenna.

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I/O port 118 connects the numerous load cells 120,122, 124 (feeding load data from

the individual strands) to processor 102 (any type of load sensor may be substituted). I/O

port 126 connects multiple sensors to the processor. In this example, it connects pressure

sensor 128, temperature sensor 130, and salinity sensor 136. These are merely examples of

480 the many forms of sensors that may be tied into the instrument package. These may reside

within the housing or be separate. In some cases they may be entirely separate, such as those

on the subsea infrastructure - and may simply communicate data to the instrument package.

Returning briefly to FIG. 8, the reader will note the numerous wire connections 92 to

the core and to the load cells monitoring the strand loads. The processor is able to use these

485 connections to monitor position and loading information and to send that data back to the far

end of the cable through the electrical and/or optical connections in core 72. Of course if the

termination is designed to be a standalone system without power and / or communication

running down the cable, this data is simply stored for ship-side retrieval or transmitted on an

as needed basis. Power in that case is handed via a sufficient local power source.

490 In the version shown in FIG. 9 the intelligent cable module is configured for deep

water lifting operations. The exemplary termination is provided with a pair of thrusters that

can provide limited positioning adjustment - controlling both the twist in the cable as it

moves down the water column, and the positioning of the payload as it nears its point of

connection on the sea floor. Thruster controller 134 controls the orientation and thrust

495 provided by the thrusters. The thruster controller is integrated with processor 102 as shown.

FIG. 11 provides a perspective view of the completed termination with a series of

thrusters 140 included. Each thruster may be independently pivoted about its trunnion mount

142. Each thruster may also be throttled and reversed in this embodiment. The orientation

and affiliation of thrusters may vary widely, and may not necessarily be integral to the

500 termination housing. For example these may be mounted to a large external frame. In other

cases there may further be auxiliary thrusters or position orienting devices mounted to the

actual payload.

FIG. 13 shows a view of the intelligent termination 132 attached to a representative

payload 162 in a deep water lifting scenario. Lifting tang 164 on the payload is connected to

505 the clevis assembly by a cross-pin. Cable 10 suspends the assembly from a crane located on

a surface vessel. Thrusters 140 provide selective lateral and torsional mobility on the sea a floor, as well as assuring that the cable is not twisted when traveling to and from the vessel

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through the water column which has alternating currents. With synthetic fiber and hybrid

ropes in particular, this is helpful in assuring that rope integrity remains intact.

510 Surface vessel crane control systems include stabilization functions that are generally

referred to as "anti-heave" functions. These are designed to minimize wave-induced motion

of the payload on the end of the cable. However, these anti-heave functions in the prior art

have no useful information regarding the exact motion of the termination and its attached

payload when at depth. Rather, they attempt to compensate using only information regarding

515 the motion of the surface vessel. This is a challenge when running in deep water. It is

especially significant with the use of synthetic fibers as the delayed spring response is more

difficult to predict. In the present invention (for embodiments including real-time data

transmission), the termination can transmit accurate motion and position information which

can then be used by the surface anti-heave systems or an inline device.

520 FIG. 10 shows another embodiment in which there is no communication through the

cable. Extended housing 138 includes a larger cavity 86. A large battery 96 is provided in

this cavity. The battery provides electrical power to the instrument packages, the load cells,

and other items requiring electrical power. In this version the instrument packages are more

akin to the "black box" of an aircraft (a flight data recorder). An external port (not shown) is

525 provided SO so that when the termination is brought in for service the battery can be recharged

and the internally-stored data can be downloaded. Of course, non-wired options are also

possible for the battery charging and data downloading (such as an inductive connection).

Other components may be provided to proactively monitor the state of the load

strands (as opposed to inferring their state from the loads applied to them). FIG. 12 shows an

530 embodiment in which strand 12 includes embedded sensing/communication elements 144.

These elements are intended to be used in monitoring the condition of the cable (though they

may possibly be used for communication as well). In the version shown, these elements are

optical fibers that stretch from one end of the cable to the other. Light is applied to the far

end of the cable. Sensor 146 measures the light transmitted and sensor lead 148 passes

535 through the loading stud to carry this information to the processor (sensor lead 150 carries the

load cell information). The optical fibers are sized to break as the strand is over-stressed.

Alternately if a strand is damaged or cut in operation the ceased light would indicate a

potential hazard. A reduction in light transmission thereby indicates a cable overstress. This

example is one of many possible configurations. Fiber optics could run through a jacket,

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540 down the center of the rope, etc. Alternatively, the use of electrical conductors could carry a

similar function - providing either strain or pass/fail criteria for damage to the cable.

Importantly, in all cases the termination may aid in collecting or transmitting the relevant

information to determine the health of the lifting cable. In the event of a sensed problem, it

could further be used to communicate the hazard to the surface vessel and / or other subsea

545 545 equipment. equipment.

Most damage, especially with synthetic fiber cables, would occur in the last few

meters of the cable (as it reaches the termination). This is generally due to the fact that ROVs

would be operating in this area. Thus, in some embodiments the sensing/comm elements 144

may only be included in this portion of the cable. One approach is to embed a 20 meter loop

550 of conductive material and then monitor for breaks in this material (such as by monitoring for

increased resistance).

The sensors and other components provided within the intelligent cable termination

need not be connected directly to the termination itself. FIG. 14 illustrates a placement

scenario where downward visibility is needed from payload 162. Camera 170 is mounted on

555 payload 162 in a position providing a good downward field of view. Cable 168 attaches to

camera 172 and to connector 166 on intelligent cable termination 132. In this version, video

data is fed into the instrument package(s) within the termination and then up cable 10 to a

surface ship. The video data is used to guide the placement of the payload. The camera and

cable may be left with the payload when the payload is released from intelligent cable

560 termination 132. Connector 166 may facilitate this detachment (by being designed to reliably

pull free upon the application of a specified detachment force).

FIGs. 15 and 16 show still another embodiment in which ROV's (remotely operated

vehicles) are used. It is common in undersea lifting operations to use ROV's to guide and

place a payload. These ROV's are typically lowered and controlled using a cable other than

565 the cable used for lifting the payload. Many ROV's are lowered into a working position in a

protective "ROV garage." The ROV garage may contain a tether connected to the ROV. The

tether often pays off a reel as needed. The tether may carry electrical power, bidirectional

data signals, and air or fluid pressure. In recent years autonomous underwater vehicles

("AUV's") are replacing ROV's in some applications. In this disclosure, the term "ROV"

570 shall be understood to encompass both ROV's and AUV's. An AUV does not usually have a

tether but it may still be deployed from a garage and it is often charged in that garage.

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FIG. 15 shows an embodiment in which two ROV garages 172, 176 are connected to

intelligent cable termination 132. Each ROV garage contains an ROV 174, 178. Using this

system, the ROV's are lowered with the payload. The ROV's may be used to manipulate the

575 position and orientation of the payload, as well as operating other systems such as the

mechanism that releases the payload from the cable. The ROV's may also provide video data

SO so that a surface operator can see the state of the payload and its surroundings.

FIG. 16 shows the same assembly with ROV 174 having left its garage 172. ROV

174 may be maneuvered as needed. It contains multiple thrusters that allow it to orient itself

580 in a desired direction and provide force in a desired direction. Information regarding the state

of the ROV may be sent via tether 180 back to ROV garage 172. This information may then

be fed into the instrument package(s) within intelligent cable termination 132 (and possibly

back up cable 10).

It is also possible to establish communications directly between the payload and the

585 intelligent cable termination. In the version of FIG. 16, electrical cable 184 connects

connector 182 on the termination to connector 186 on the payload. If, for example, the

payload contains a release mechanism, this connection may be used to instruct the payload to

release itself from intelligent cable termination 132. Cable 184 would then detach itself as

the intelligent cable termination is lifted away from the payload.

590 FIG. 17 depicts a more common configuration for a payload. In this version payload

162 rests atop a standard pallet 194 with four legs 196. Rigging is used to appropriately

suspend the load. In this case four slings 190 extend along the sides of the payload and down

to the pallet. The four slings are joined to tang 188, which is connected to the intelligent

cable termination. Release mechanism 192 is provided to selectively release tang 188.

595 When the assembly reaches its destination (such as the seabed), release mechanism

192 is actuated and the tang and slings fall free from the intelligent cable termination. The

release mechanism may be actuated by an instrument package in the termination.

Alternatively, it may be released by an ROV. The rigging may remain with the payload

indefinitely. In the alternative, an ROV can be used to detach and retrieve the rigging.

600 As explained initially, an inventive intelligent cable module can be provided at any

desired point along the cable. The preceding examples have been located near the end of a

cable. In the following examples an intelligent cable termination is provided at some point in

between a cable's terminations.

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FIG. 18 shows an elevation view of a 12-strand braided cable. The individual strands

605 12 are interwoyen interwoven to create the pattern shown. As those skilled in the art will know, it is

possible to loosen the construction of such a cable in order to provide access to the cable's

interior. This process is used when weaving a length of cable back into itself to form an eye

(see, for example, commonly owned U.S. Patent No. 9,791,337).

FIG. 19 shows the cable of FIG. 18 after the strands have been loosened to reveal

610 central void 198 within the cable. Many individual inter-strand voids 200 are also created by

the the loosening looseningprocess. FIG.2020shows process. FIG. showsananembodiment embodimentofofananintelligent intelligentcable cablemodule module

configured for insertion into the center of a braided cable. Intelligent cable module 202 has a

smoothly shaped module casing 208. In this version communication strand 204 runs down

the center of a braided cable. A connector 206 is provided on each end of module casing 208.

615 These connectors connect the devices within module casing 208 to communication strand

204.

Module casing 208 typically contains a processor and other associated digital devices

- such as shown in the diagram of FIG. 9. FIG. 21 shows a view of intelligent cable module

202 installed within cable 10. The cable is cut away in the view (in the vicinity of the

620 intelligent module). Communication strand 204 passes down the cable's core and connects

to module casing 208. Multiple intelligent cable modules may be provided along the cable's

length, with communication strand 204 providing communication between these modules and

to devices external to the cable. Once the module is in place, the strands are laid over the

module in the same configuration as the rest of the cable. The perimeter of the cable is

625 shown in a phantom line in the view (bulging portion 210). From the cable's exterior, a

bulge is evident in the vicinity of the intelligent cable module. However, the intelligent cable

module itself is protected within the strands.

There are several ways in which an intelligent cable module such as shown in FIG. 21

can be installed. One approach is to install the module(s) at the time the cable is created. A

630 cable braiding machine creates a braid of strands around a core. In some cases the core is

empty (a spacing mandrel may be used during the manufacturing process). In other cases the

core contains a "filler" strand. Communication strand can be fed into the core as the braid is

created. Module casings can also be added at desired intervals. In this case it may be

necessary to modify the braiding machine to have a larger core diameter in the vicinity of the

635 intelligent cable module.

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A second approach to installing an intelligent cable module is to add the module after

the cable has been braided together with communication strand 204 at the core. FIG. 26

shows cable 10 with the strands urged apart to reveal the interior void. A portion of

communication strand 204 is exposed and then cut to leave two cut ends as shown.

640 Communication strand 204 in this case is a simple bundle of electrical conductors in a jacket.

Each of the conductors is made part of a connector 206 (such as shown in FIG. 21) and then

slipped back into the void inside the cable. An intelligent cable module is slipped into the

void as well, and the two connectors are then attached to the module to create an assembly

such as shown in FIG. 21.

645 One of the issues with an assembly such as shown in FIG. 21 is the tendency of the

intelligent cable module to move longitudinally within the cable's core. Other components

may be added to fix its position. FIG. 22 shows the assembly of FIG. 21 with the addition of

a pair of clamping collars 212. Each clamping collar 212 is a split collar that clamps to the

cable's exterior. The two clamping collars may be joined by a protective cover 214. Cover

650 214 keeps the two clamping collars from moving away from each other. The result is that

module casing 208 is trapped between the two clamping collars.

FIG. 23 shows another approach to maintaining the longitudinal position of the

intelligent cable module. In this embodiment module casing 208 features an array of radial

prongs 214. These protrude outward. Returning briefly to FIG. 18, the reader will note how

655 the braided strands 12 have intersections at regular intervals both laterally and longitudinally.

FIG. 19 shows how the strands can be urged apart. Once the module casing 208 is placed

into the interior of the cable, tension is placed on the cable gradually and each radial prong

214 is urged into the intersection of two adjacent strands. When additional tension is added

the strands will grow taut around module casing 208. The module casing 208 is then held in

660 place via the fact that each radial prong is engaging the strands passing over the exterior of

the module casing.

Once module casing 208 is secured in the cable's interior, inward pressure on the

module casing can be correlated to cable tension. Thus, it is possible to measure tension at

intermediate points along the length of the cable without interrupting any of the cable's

665 strands. strands.

FIG. 24 shows another embodiment for the intelligent cable module. In this version

the module is split into two halves 216, 218 that are clamped over the cable's exterior. This

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embodiment is configured for use on a fixed cable for a dragline crane. The intelligent cable

module contains tension monitoring instruments and a processor (with components similar to

670 those depicted in FIG. 9). However, because this example operates in air, radio

communication is preferred. Antenna 220 is provided on the module's exterior. This sends

and receives radio signals.

In some applications a single cable will have multiple intelligent cable modules. FIG.

25 shows a single cable extending from a crane on board vessel 224 to payload 162 near the

675 sea floor. Multiple intelligent cable modules 202 are installed along the length of the cable.

The density of modules is varied in this example, with more modules being provided adjacent

to the payload.

In some embodiments it is desirable to provide tension information for each strand at

an intermediate point in the cable. FIGs. 27-28 depict an embodiment of an intelligent cable

680 termination configured for this application. Intelligent cable termination 202 is shown in an

exploded state. Housing 230 contains first instrument package 88, along with a processor,

connectors, and communication hardware (such as depicted in FIG. 9).

As for the example of FIG. 1, cable 10 includes multiple individual strands. Each

strand is attached to a strand termination 30. The strand terminations 30 on the right side in

685 the view are attached to collector 34. The attachment for each strand includes load cells that

monitor the tension on the strand.

The strands on the left side of the view are attached to strand terminations 30', and

these are attached to collector 34'. Housing 230 and collector 34' include an array of through

holes 226. The components shown are secured together by passing bolts 80 through holes

690 226 and then applying and tightening nuts 228. This draws housing 230, collector 34, and

collector 34' tightly together. Middle strand collector 64 is then secured to collector 34 and

middle strand collector 34' is secured to collector 34'.

The result is an intelligent cable termination 202 in the middle of a cable that can

monitor tension on each individual strand and transmit that information to an external

695 monitoring system (or record it for future retrieval). FIG. 28 shows a cable 10 with two

intelligent cable modules 202 installed. In reality the two modules may be quite far apart

(such as 1 km).

Returning to FIG. 25 the reader will recall that multiple intelligent cable modules may

be present in a given installation (including multiple modules on multiple cables). These may

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700 700 be organized as network nodes. FIG. 29 shows an exemplary embodiment in which

controlling computer 234 communicates directly with master nodes 230. Each master node

230 then communicates with several nodes 232.

It is also possible to use a peer-to-peer network. FIG. 30 shows such a network in

which multiple users (directly or indirectly) access a sensor network as embodied in the

705 intelligent cable modules. Such a network can be a mobile ad hoc network ("MANET")

where nodes come and go depending on availability. Consider for example the depiction in

FIG. 25. Communication in this example can be via sonic pulses. Those modules near the

bottom may have good communication with the payload while the surface vessel does not. In

a MANET each node can be configured to disseminate information to other available nodes,

710 which then further disseminate the information. In this way information could be conveyed

back up to the surface.

Another good example is found in offshore mooring operations such as are used for

oil drilling platforms. In a common configuration 16 separate mooring lines extend from the

floating platform down to anchors on the sea floor. These mooring lines are tightened until

715 the platform reaches a desired level of stability. If such cables include intelligent cable

modules then a network will not normally be confined to a single cable. Rather, the network

may include all modules in all 16 cables. If a MANET is used then a module in one cable

may have a stronger communication link with a module in a second cable instead of another

module within the same cable (particularly if sound pulses are used for communication).

720 Modules in different cables can then relay messages back and forth to create a robust

communication network.

FIGs. 31 and 32 depict still another application for intelligent cable modules. FIG. 31

shows a large vessel 240 moored alongside a quay. Multiple mooring lines 244 locate the

vessel with respect to the quay by securing it against mooring stay 250. Each mooring line

725 includes a sling 246 configured to encircle a bollard 242 on the quay. The shipboard end of

each mooring line is attached to a winch that can be controlled to apply tension as necessary.

The mooring lines travel with the vessel. They are an expensive piece of hardware that must

be inspected, maintained, and periodically replaced. At present they are just visually

inspected.

730 In the example of FIG. 31, intelligent cable module 292 has been added to the

transition 248 between mooring line 244 and sling 246. This module can be configured to measure and transmit many different values, including (1) simple tension on the mooring line, (2) the "pinching" force imparted by the diverging legs of the sling, (3) motion of the module (via an on board 3-axis or greater measurement system, (4) the number of loading

735 cycles, and (5) ambient conditions such as temperature and humidity.

FIG. 32 shows a plan view of the configuration of FIG. 31. The shipboard end of

each mooring line 244 is connected to a separate winch 254 on board the vessel. The shore

end of each mooring line is connected to a bollard on quay 252. Controller 256 adjusts the

tension on each mooring line (via its associated winch) to hold the vessel properly positioned

740 against mooring stay 250. Such automatic tensioning systems are known in the art.

However, such prior art systems do not incorporate an intelligent cable module to monitor the

condition of each mooring line.

The present inventive system preferably includes an intelligent cable module on each

mooring line. These modules provide data (directly or via periodic downloads) to a remote

745 processor which then assembles the data and presents it to a user. The user interface can

assume many forms. FIG. 35 provides a simplified depiction of such an interface. Monitor

270 presents a conventional windows-type display 272. The display includes an

identification of a particular mooring line selected by the user (line identification data 274).

The display also provides a list of significant parameters concerning the selected lint

750 (monitoring parameters 276). In this specific example the monitoring parameters are:

1. The number of mooring cycles in which the line has been used;

2. The number of fatigue load cycles (meaning the number of instances in which

the load on the mooring lien has exceeded a defined fatigue load threshold for the type of line

in question);

755 3. The total load cycles for the line;

4. The peak load that has been placed on the line; and

5. A derived value for the number of mooring cycles remaining for the line.

Many other parameters could be stored and displayed. The data selected will vary with the

application. The user interface preferably includes the ability for the user to make selections.

760 As an example, for each parameter displayed the user could select the parameter and see

more information. The user could be allowed, for example, to pull up a plot of peak loading

cycles over time.

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The previous examples have pertained to large, multi-stranded cables. The invention

is by no means limited to such large cables and may in fact be applied to small cables as well.

765 FIGs. 33 and 34 provide an example of an application for a cable that is smaller than a

mooring line.

In the example of FIG. 33, cable 10 consists of a single strand (though that strand may

still be a complex braided or twisting construction and may still incorporate a jacket).

Anchor 260 is affixed to an end of cable 10 to create termination 258. Loading flange 262 is

770 provided on anchor 260. The anchor is designed to rest in a hole through a plate. Loading

flange 262 transmits load from the anchor to the plate. An intelligent cable module is located

within anchor 260. It transmits radio frequency signals using antenna 264.

FIG. 34 shows a sectional elevation view through the assembly of FIG. 33. Anchor

260 is affixed to cable 10 in this example by potting. A length of filaments near the end of

775 the cable are placed within a hollow passage through the anchor's interior. The filaments are

then splayed apart. Liquid potting compound is added to the splayed filaments (either before

or after they are placed in the anchor's cavity). The term "potting compound" means any

substance which transitions from a liquid to a solid over time. A two-part epoxy is an

example of a potting compound. Once the potting compound solidifies, the length of

780 filaments within the anchor cavity is mechanically linked to the anchor. Potting transition

278 represents the transition from a composite mass of filaments locked within solidified

potting compound to the freely flexing filaments within the cable.

In this example additional operations are performed before the potting compound is

added. First, one or more strain gauges 266 are adhered to the interior wall of the anchor

785 (within the hollow central cavity). Strain gauge 266 is connected to intelligent cable module

202 by electrical connection 268. The filaments near the end of cable 10 are placed within

the cavity in the anchor and splayed apart. The filaments only extend up to filament limit

280. Above that level the anchor's interior cavity is empty volume. Intelligent cable module

202 is suspended in this empty volume. Potting compound is then added until it (1) saturates

790 790 all the filaments, and (2) covers some or all of intelligent cable module 202. The potting

compound then solidifies to create a unified assembly (Note that the order of operations can

be varied while still producing the same result).

Once the potting compound is cured the example of FIG. 34 can be placed into

service. Strain gauge 266 monitors the amount of elastic wall deformation of the anchor, and

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795 this value can be correlated to the tension on cable 10. Provide the correlation is performed

properly, the strain gauge reading will very accurately provide the tension on the cable. The

tension values may then be stored within intelligent cable module 202 and/or sent out to a

separate control system.

In some installations, many such assemblies may form part of a larger system. For

800 such an example, intelligent cable module 202 can be programmed to send a radio signal only

in the event of an "exceedance." An exceedance means an instance in which the cable

tension has exceeded a defined warning limit.

Having described some embodiments in detail the disclosure will now turn to more

general concepts regarding the invention and its applications. This invention may be said to

805 apply to the "Internet of Things" ("Iot"). Applications include synthetic fiber tensile strength

members, commonly referred to as fiber ropes, cables, tethers, cords, or tendons. It also

covers hybrid strength members incorporating metal and/or composites, as well as round

slings, wound slings, rope grommets, and synthetic fabric slings. (Collectively referred to as

"rope/cable/tension member"). More specifically, this disclosure covers multiple concepts

810 for synthetic fiber-based strength member systems used principally in high capacity and/or

performance critical applications in conjunction with a termination and/or electronic module

- whereby many more intelligent and connected synthetic rope-system technologies and

overall data accumulation, communication, networking systems can be made possible.

While traditional strength members are passive in nature, the present invention seeks

815 to collect important usage data - either directly or indirectly from the strength member and/or

termination and/or connected module. Traditional strength members incorporating synthetic

fiber fiber can can easily easily incorporate incorporate fiber fiber optics, optics, wires, wires, hoses, hoses, and and other other means means of of communicating, communicating,

powering, or transmitting. The traditional cable strength member can in fact include much

more functionality than is presently included. This additional functionality enabled by

820 incorporating either a rope-affixed module, or a rigid body termination (of any design -

hereinafter mechanical termination) that can serve as a stable junction point for connecting,

harnessing, and/or transmitting, power, data, fluid transfer, etc. This functionality has not

traditionally been included as part of a high-load structural element. For example, electro-

mechanical and opto-mechanical umbilical cables are common industry products. However,

825 these umbilicals do not carry significant tensile loads. For example a fiber optic or electrical

wire cable may commonly include a synthetic fiber to act as the load bearing element, but

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this is only to support the fiber optic or electrical wire and not to support a significant

external load.

Whether at the end of the fiber rope as part of a "termination" or simply a rope-

830 attached device, the concepts of the inventive intelligent cable module generally include a

multifunctional rope module (or modules) that offers a wide range of data collection, storage,

computation, machine interfacing, communication, and/or networking options. These

functions turn traditionally passive strength members into intelligent data gathering and

dissemination devices.

835 Current offshore lifting operations can be very challenging - especially when the

operator needs to place a very large, complex and heavy module that can have a value of

many millions of dollars to a positional accuracy of centimeters in water depths up to 3,000m

or more. Typically the operators have to rely on secondary sensors that are not directly

connected to the payload/lift line system (such as the use of separate remotely operated

840 vehicles, ROV's). These secondary devices watch and sometimes physically guide the

payload as it travels through the water column and is placed on the sea floor or connected to

another structure already in location. Sometimes guide wires are also used. These are just

some of the methods and tools used today.

The majority of lifting operations are monitored closely throughout the lifting

845 operation to ensure the process is effectively executed. In the case of offshore lifting using a

crane on a vessel, the monitoring is achieved primarily by instrumentation located on the

vessel lifting device such as the crane or winch system. There are many different types of

sensors used to control the descent and recovery speed and landing of the payload. This also

includes the motion reference sensors that control the winch and crane to reduce the effect of

850 vessel rolling and pitching motions on the payload. This technique is widely known as AHC

(active heave compensation). It should be remembered that all of these sensors are located on

the deployment vessel and all other external monitoring is carried out by secondary devices

such as the ROV which require separate control systems and operators dedicated to this task.

Occasionally the use of motion reference units are attached to the payload as a method of

855 monitoring the payload during descent. However there are many challenges in direct

communications with these devices through the water column.

The simplest form of intelligent cable module is one that is passive and standalone.

An example of this is where an internal battery, data processor, and transmitter are used.

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Alternately of course these could be data storage devices. As is probably evident, these

860 devices could rest anywhere inside or outside a cable termination (or at some intermediate

point along the cable). In this example, a strain gauge, load cell, or series of devices are

added to the cable module to accurately monitor the load and/or peak stress conditions.

The cost of failure during offshore lifting operations creates a need to develop the

capability to record the operation at the interface point between the object under lift and the

865 lift line interface (an intelligent cable module proximate the hook termination). The module

effectively becomes the equivalent of a flight data recorder used in commercial aircraft. The

presence of the module will enable the operator to record the complete operation at the

payload. There are many reasons this would be advantageous including providing a better

understanding of the performance of the AHC systems, recording load swings and all changes

870 that related to the vessel systems and their impact on the payload. Examples of data using

integrated sensors or recorders are peak loads, load trends, stresses within the termination

(such as strand termination loads), payload pitch/yaw/roll, position, acceleration, pressure,

temperature, vibration, distance from another object, material contact point, etc. Position and

movement sensors could include multi-axis gyroscopes (whether of the physical or ring-laser

875 type), accelerometers, etc. If going into something such as a downhole tool or pipe as

another example it may include sensors that measure diameter, speed, distance, gases,

material composition, time, etc. It could include video of the operation as yet another

example, or use a 3D camera or ultra-sonic camera that can make certain measurements. Any

number of sensors could be utilized.

880 The intelligent cable module can also incorporate communication tools for more

automated operations. Examples for lifting could be a location/position pinger, light

transmitter, or other communication device for working with other devices or machines, such

as an ROV or AUV. In such a case, the ROV need not use a traditional vision or camera

system to do certain functions - it may be more easily automated as a machine-to-machine

885 method of communication. Such a tool could have significantly more precision and enable a

more autonomous operation on the sea floor when coupled with other technologies.

With such a device, there is also the opportunity to extend the capability of the

intelligent cable module to provide the services and capabilities of the ROV or other external

devices. For example the module may include a significant power source that can be used as

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890 a charging station or outlet for ROVs or AUVs. This could have a significant impact of the

amount of secondary equipment deployed during any offshore lifting operation.

In its most general state, what has been described in the preceding embodiments is an

intelligent cable module for rope systems, which incorporate sensors, communication

devices, and/or power in standalone form. These devices may be powered within the module

895 (such as with batteries for example), or alternately the power may come from a separate

source. This could be for example a wire running up the fiber rope, or a wire ported out the

anchor and run separately to a power source. While the latter configuration is clearly not

preferable for offshore lifting, in other applications such as a structural pendant, this would

often be the most preferred means of powering the termination module. Likewise, sensors or

900 communication devices are preferably mounted within a rigid housing. However, in some

cases there may be some external affixation involved. For example a termination may

include internal batteries but an external 3D camera or laser sensor mounted in a non-

hazardous area.

The next level of sophistication is an "active" intelligent cable module. Such a

905 module can provide active data/power/communication, on a real-time basis, and/or be able to

respond autonomously to certain conditions. For example an acoustic pinger may signal

pressure achievement, depth, position, etc, for other machines/tools to operate a certain

function. As an example where the termination module reacts to other devices, the

termination hook or load pin may be released when receiving a signal from another

910 device/machine, or alternately a communicated signal from the operator above water.

As an example of the user interface for real-time data, a graphical user interface can

present current loading and recent peak loading for every strand of a 12 strand rope. In this

example each of the rope's primary strands has a load cell, and connecting hardwiring to this

termination provides a real-time health monitoring tool.

915 Any Any of of the theexamples above examples may may above be further developed be further with thewith developed addition of active of active the addition

components whereby communication between machines (such as an AUV or other data

collection devices) or the operator (such as the vessel crane operator or an ROV pilot), is

made possible. This real time information coming from the termination module can be used

to automate industrial processes, improve safety, operating speed, and provide system

920 integrity / health data.

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In many cases in order to make real-time data, power, communication, or other

capability a realistic possibility, it would be most advantageous to run these types of services

inline with the high load tension member - as the lines are often quite long. Externally

affixing or helically wrapping these components around the high load strength member is a

925 possibility in certain static cases, such as structural pendants. However, a far preferred

method where possible is to incorporate these service lines into the strength member itself.

For the purpose of this disclosure, a "service line" is any line other than the strength member

that is added to expand the service context of the strength member and termination - such as

a fiber optic line used for communicating data from one intelligent cable module to the next

930 in a string of interconnected mooring lines. Any number of service lines can be used to

improve the capability of the termination and system as a whole.

How these service lines get included into the strength member is entirely dependent

on the strength member construction and the application. For example a crane line that runs

at very high loads around sheaves would require a different construction than a semi-static

935 pendant line or offshore mooring rope that is nearly always linear. With this in mind, below

are a few distinct possibilities for incorporating service lines into the strength member:

1. Fiber optics, fluid or pressure hoses, electrical wires, etc. - for data transfer,

communication, gas or fluid exchange, etc.

2. Service lines externally affixed to the strength member

940 3. Service lines helically wrapped around the strength member

4. Service lines located in the center of the strength member

5. Service lines located in the center of one or some of the primary strands of the

strength member (In a 12 strand braided rope this may be one line per 12 strands)

6. Service lines alongside the strands or in place of certain strands in the strength

945 member. member. In most cases additional armoring or components will be needed to either protect the

service line within the strength member, or protect the strength member from wearing on the

service lines. Referring back to the offshore lifting example, very high stresses will be placed

both on the service lines and the interface between these lines and the fibers. This may

950 commonly require careful engineering to ensure the service line does not get damaged in use

or compromise the performance of the strength member.

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One can easily envision the technology being used for more than monitoring health at

the termination point to more holistically monitoring the tension member system as a whole.

As one practical example, the wires, optics, or other communication devices previously

955 discussed may not be used necessarily for communicating to/from the termination, but rather

monitoring the health or integrity of the strength member. In some cases, the intelligent cable

module may also be beneficial as a receiver, collecting data from other nearby devices and

communicating this data through the included service line. In such as case the high load

tension member becomes the hub for a greater network of devices, not just the strength

960 member itself. This could be a string of rope products, or entirely other machines such as

AUVs, a subsea station that needs to report real-time data, etc.

In the field of offshore lifting, this type of device may also be considered an active

and and instrumented instrumentedhook. This type hook. This type of of arrangement arrangementwould allow would for for allow continuous continuous communication with the hook during deployment and recovery to collect and send data from

965 the hook to the operators on the vessel in real time. With the data from the hook in real time

it would be possible to improve the AHC (active heave compensation) performance and

reduce the actual load swings on the payload. This also gives the opportunity to monitor load

positioning and many other instruments.

Yet another very powerful configuration based on the components above is the ability

970 for the fiber rope termination to become a production / service tool - a machine at the rope

that includes many potential service functions. Referring back to the offshore lift example,

now with a real-time data feed to the surface, and the ability to sense location/position/heading/etc, location/position/heading/ete, the incorporation of payload position thrusters (on or near the

termination or payload) becomes a practical and unique option. Due to the ultra-low weight

975 of synthetics in water, the payload can more easily be manipulated in the water column.

Further, the lack of line weight allows for more tooling to be added to the end of the rope,

such as battery packs for ROV or AUV charging, an ROV garage, integrated tools with

actuators, etc. For example, if thrusters are added to the termination to position payload, they

may be powered internally by a battery source, since the fiber rope has displaced SO so much

980 980 mass in the steel-to-fiber conversion. Alternately, based on examples provided previously,

power or other key service lines could be run down the strength member. Such a

configuration can in some cases displace the current ROV configuration.

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This active payload positioning becomes the next logical step for the concepts above.

The intelligent cable module in this version is used to both gather important information and

985 guide the payload. If thrusters are added to the termination module, they could be manually

driven like the ROV's used in the process today, or fully automated like an AUV, where

machine-to-machine communication can provide higher levels of production and safety. In

the later example, communication between subsea machines may help to guide the payload

into position, manipulate the payload, and/or make more automated connections possible.

990 The intelligent termination or module could include many forms of sensor

technologies - creating near countless forms of data. Below are examples:

1. Movement / position / heading / G-shock / inertial sensors

2. Accelerometers

3. Magnetometers

995 4. Gyroscopes

5. GPS devices

6. TIMU devices

7. MEMS devices 8. Acoustic / Ultra-Sonic Sensors

1000 9. Pressure Sensors (atmospheric, liquid, solid)

10. Strain Sensors

11. Load Sensors

12. Torque / Torsion Sensors

13. Humidity Sensors

1005 14. Temperature Sensors

15. Proximity Sensors

16. Vision or Image Sensors (2D / 3D)

17. Relative Movement Sensors (3D camera, laser, etc)

18. Light Sensors (UV or other)

1010 19. Distance / Displacement Measurement Sensors (laser, linear encoder, camera,

radar, etc)

20. Rotary Sensors

21. Code Reader / OCR Sensors

22. Photoelectric Sensors

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1015 1015 23. Photomicro Sensors

24. Fiber Optic Sensors

25. Gas Sensors Gas Sensors

26. Flow / Micro-Flow Sensors

27. Liquid Leakage Sensors

1020 28. Contact Sensors

29. Dielectric Sensors

30. 30. Electrical Conduction / Resistance Sensors

31. Data Transmission / Communication Examples

32. 32. Torque sensors for the cable as a whole or subcomponents thereof.

1025 The The data datacommunication communicationto and from from to and an intelligent cable module an intelligent cable can assume module many can assume many

forms, including:

1. Wireless communications such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Passive or Active RFID,

Zigbee, BAW, LTE, LTE-Advanced, or other radio or micro waves. Cellular, satellite,

acoustic energy, sonic, electromagnetic induction, free-space optical, radar, or other.

1030 2. Wired communications such as conductive elements, fiber optic elements, and

the like.

3. The use of electronic or other data storage devices to store data for later

retrieval.

Data may be pushed / transmitted only, pulled / received only, or both. Transmit vs VS

1035 receive capability may vary depending on module capability and application needs. Rope

modules can include one or multiple methods of data transmission / communication. In the

case of a wireless design, the addition of a hardwired-access component will typically be

preferred for items such as system redundancy, backup, big data transfer, programming, or

debugging as examples.

1040 The intelligent cable modules can be powered by a wide variety of sources, including:

1. Stored / Battery Power: Batteries may be designed for inductive charging,

regular replacement, or life-use. System may be designed for ultra-low power consumption

SO so that multi-year life is possible.

2. Self energizing systems such as a power cell

1045 3. RFID or similar which is energized by another device

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4. Trickle charge systems such as with solar, wind, or other small auxiliary

device

5. Auxiliary battery that is used to charge primary battery and be removed

While it is possible that the rope module (s) are always connected directly to a power

1050 source (such as at the end or with conductors running down or around the rope), it is most

common that there will also be a local battery or storage. For example, wired power may be

used to power tools or maintain charge. Battery or stored power will likely be common to

maintain data integrity and operate light ongoing functions.

The CPU or similar data-processing device(s), serves as the programmable device that

1055 can be used to define the module intelligence and logic. This includes managing information

such as:

1. Global Positioning System (GPS) satellite receiver

2. Data input digitization

3. Data computation

1060 4. Data compression

5. Data encryption

6. Data storage

7. Module time / date stamp

8. 8. Signal conditioning and processing (from various inputs such as sensors)

1065 9. Sending and receiving of defined information packages (ex: email alert,

network communications whether packaged or real time, etc)

10. Measure defined limits (tension, pressure, shock, etc) - deploy reaction signals

to adjacent tools or receivers for network communication.

11. Determine light, sound and other operator or networking signals based on

1070 certain conditions (low battery, overused rope, etc)

12. Manage hibernate/sleep modes for low power consumption

13. Review the strand-integrity data (via fiber optics, conductive elements, etc)

The modules can incorporate different operator/system alerts, including:

1. Visual alerts Visual alertssuch as a such asstatus light light a status (see external display 222 (see external in FIG. display 27)in FIG.27) 222

1075 The electronic design could take on countless shapes/forms, depending on desired function.

2. Colored stack/condition lights, pulsing light patterns to communicate different

conditions, etc.

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3. LCD or other electronic data panel on or near or insertable into the module

4. Acoustic alerts

5. 5. Acoustic chirps or pings 1080

The intelligent modules can achieve machine-to-machine interfacing in many

different ways, including:

1. Machine-to-machine Interfacing

2. Laser, UV light, wireless or wired transmission, ultrasound, wireless, or other

1085 method to communicate to another machine or onto the data network for alarming the

operator or larger piece of equipment as a whole

3. Communication to a smart tablet or the local network SO so that computers are

able to transmit conditions (electronic stack lights for example, or signal to operate a separate

machine function) to any location

1090 4. Real-time communication, or conditional data-transmission around certain

events (shock load, time interval, etc).

For the purpose of this overall disclosure, intelligence can come from many potential

forms including forms including some some form form of bodies of bodies- that that househouse sensors sensors anddata and allow allow data to be to be managed. managed.

Generally speaking, this may be within the end (termination point), or anywhere along the

1095 rope, or both. While a termination is often at the end and used to transmit a load with a load

connection point (such as an eye, hook, or stop), a module / IoT module is any device that is

connected to the rope assembly, regardless of proximity. While it may be in or around the

termination, it many cases it is preferable to be along the rope to provide intelligence. An

IoT module would not typically be used to transmit a load, although this can be made

1100 possible. One should assume that throughout this disclosure a termination or module, while

having different end-purposes, should be considered synonymous in its ability to provide the

disclosed smart services / intelligence. Some ropes need only a smart module, some need a

smart termination, some need both. In many cases the smart module rest inside or is adjacent

to the termination. While the early disclosure was more focused on the termination point,

1105 this section will detail other means by which a more universal module or modules can be

considered as primary and/or secondary devices. They may be used in place of an intelligent

termination or used to support such a device.

Variations for the intelligent cable module include:

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1. An intelligent cable module can be applied (mounted/inserted/affixed)

1110 anywhere on or within the rope or strands. This may be at the ends, in the midspan

(anywhere along the rope), near one end, or in segments.

2. There may be one or several modules serving different functions or

communicating with each other. A module need not have a CPU or be independent - it may

serve to function as a web to support other more intelligent devices or one central device.

1115 3. A module in a termination may serve as an end-hub for several midspan

modules that gather other data, data. The mid span modules may simply provide load, position,

temperature - they may be sensors alone and be used to interface with a CPU (such as in the

termination), or otherwise a hub for data transfer means to another source (such as when

hardwired).

1120 An intelligent cable module can be connected to a cable in many different ways,

including:

1. Mounted inside the rope

2. Mounted to the outside of the rope (in symmetrical or asymmetrical form)

3. Mounted to certain strands of the rope (such as inside each of the primary sub-

1125 ropes)

4. Tethered to a rope as an attached node

5. Mounted on one or both ends of the rope

6. Mounted in one or both legs of a typical rope splice

7. Mounted in the thimble of a spliced termination

1130 8. Mounted inside or affixed to another form of termination

9. 9. Mounted permanently to a rope (tamper resistant), or designed to universally

attach or clip on/off

Multiple modules may also be present in a single location. FIG. 21 provides an

example of a single module casing 208 placed in the center of a cable. In this instance the

1135 cable shown is a braid of 12 separate strands. In some cases each of these strands will itself

be a braid of 12 smaller sub-strands. A smaller module casing could be placed within each of

the 12 strands by separating some of the sub-strands. Some of these modules can even

incorporate a removable data cartridge.

The intelligent cable module may rest on a sacrificial tail alone (such as where one

1140 end has a termination and the opposing end is later spliced into another rope). This

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configuration could be used to make a passive rope intelligent. It also allows the intelligence

to be calibrated to the rope in a factory-controlled setting.

Monitoring examples include:

1. Termination drops or max shock. Rate of shock, duty cycles, cut strands, rope

1145 modulus, rope dielectric properties, rope length change, etc. Boom jacks (machine

shocking), resonation, natural frequency, rope or strand torque, rope or strand imbalance,

rope diameter, helix change, rope near-sheave or related device via prox sensors. Period of

connection to another device via dielectrics, etc. Chemical contamination, line security,

temperature etc. Chemical exposure, strand integrity, rope life management.

1150 2. Cycle Counting: Using inertial module or a RFID or other position sensor to

count machine cycles in a rope. For example a hoist device that goes up/down.

3. Module to log hours via movement/load/etc. - record life/use. Data

store/collect - then send package as needed.

4. Appropriate connection and load rating: Used to detect and indicate whether

1155 1155 the appropriate rope and hardware are being used for a certain job, such as a lifting sling and

shackle combination.

5. Chip or communicated data can signal operator or machine of any desired

condition (load, depth, recommended operating hours, temperature overage, etc)

6. LCD panel or nearby tablet could identify peak conditions for inspection /

1160 review of system health (rope life, max operational load received, loading cycle count, etc)

Exemplary applications for the inventive intelligent cable modules include:

1. Crane / Winch lines (Offshore or land cranes, deep shaft mines, etc)

2. Large Vessel Ship-to-Shore & Ship-to-Ship Moorings (L&G tankers, Barges,

etc)

1165 3. Structural Boom Pendants (cranes, draglines, shovels, etc)

4. Civil structures tendons (bridge stays, post tension concrete structures, cable-

rebar systems, etc)

5. Towing lines (commercial fishery lines, nets, etc)

6. Bridals (trawl doors, lifting assemblies, etc)

1170 7. Floating structure moorings (oil platforms, vessels, windfarms, wave energy,

commercial docks, boats, etc)

8. Tie-downs (cargo, aircraft, earth anchors, utility securement, etc.)

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9. 9. Lifting or Towing Slings (heavy lift round slings, rope grommets or light

factory fabric slings)

1175 10. The technology could also be deployed in miniature and/or simplified form

into small cable assemblies, such as used in fitness equipment, aircraft control cables,

automotive control cables, safety tethers, boat lifts, medical devises, etc.

11. As covered throughout this disclosure, the intelligent module(s) and/or

terminations will commonly be linked to a greater network of devices. In principal, the the

1180 1180 devices when linked in some way can be viewed as rope networking modules - turning a

physical rope system into a digital tool by which entirely new service functions may be

derived. For example, a vessel mooring system that has been digitized not only allows an

operator to understand each individual unit, but also how the system as a whole is functioning

as well as stress that is imparted to the winches and other vessel components. The series of

1185 ropes become an input for data that is valuable for the entire machine/operation.

12. On a mining dragline multiple modules may communicate with one central

collection device. They may be hardwired or wirelessly linked.

13. All rope-related devices on a machine or operation with intelligent cable

modules could be linked to create a complete / closed loop data set to then perform more

1190 sophisticated analysis. For example, load long-range distribution and interaction amongst 4

boom supporting pendant cables can be assessed, or overall load across certain connected

vessel mooring lines can be managed. One can use this macro-data to better manage the asset

or field as a whole - not just each individual tension member.

15. Just like that of an electrical system shown in the picture below, the rope

1195 1195 network can be configured in many ways, such as spoke and hub, pier to pier, multi-hub with

boosters, interconnected, work through a gateway IoT module, a hybrid, etc. This may be

considered as a distributed sensing network, and include items such as a smart hub, a

digitized operator tablet to perform certain functions. This may be a slave or master network

design - depending on the data collected, pushed, or pulled, and the overall system goal.

1200 16. Scanners may be used to ping for data. Technologies such as RFID allow a

passive system to ping the regional network to gather certain data. For example this may be a

ping to communicate peak loads on an hourly basis, whereas other data is stored and removed

in other ways.

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17. The network rope IoT devices may all be interconnected and/or independently

1205 designed to push data into the cloud or a local server for networking with other sites or

locations worldwide. In other works, the network may then be used to even more broadly

evaluate systems performance or activity of geographies, countries, companies, equipment

types, operation types, etc. An organization may gain visibility on the company-wide

performance of critical equipment or operations. Of relevance is that tension members (such

1210 as fiber ropes) generally communicate meaningful data for heavy industries as they represent

activities performed (for example payload values, hours operated, etc). Being able to digitize

is and communicate data from tension members in big/heavy equipment and operations is

valuable in many ways. Countless user interfaces and analyses of key performance metrics

are possible.

1215 18. While much of the above would suggest broad distribution, in many cases the

network may simply be a single operator interface, such as a ruggedized tablet that can be

brought onto a particular site to monitor data in real time or extract historical / stored data on

an as-needed bases. Additionally, these devices may be used to program or reprogram the

networked modules.

1220 For the embodiments in which information is transmitted from the intelligent cable

module up the cable, the reader should bear in mind that the extraction point for this

information may be in different locations. The "payload end" of the cable is the end to which

the termination is attached. A cable is often paid off a drum on a surface vessel. Information

applied to the cable at the payload end must be extracted at some point distal to the payload

1225 end. This extraction point may simply be the opposite end of the cable. However, it may

also be some intermediate point where the information carrying components of the cable

depart the load carrying components.

One may make some generalizing statements regarding the invention that will be true

for many embodiments:

1. It is advisable to place the instrument package(s) above the payload release 1230

point. An objective of the present invention is to use the instrument package many times in

the deployment of multiple payloads, SO so it is undesirable to place the instrument package in a

position where it is difficult to "bring home" with the termination when the payload is

released. The payload The payloadrelease point release may may point be inbethe in vicinity of the of the vicinity intelligent cable the intelligent cable

1235 termination (as shown in FIG. 17). However, it may also be far below the termination. In

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some instances the release mechanism may lie 20 meters below the termination. This will be

true where long slings connect the termination to the payload and the release mechanism is

located on the payload end of the long slings.

2. For the versions incorporating force sensing devices (load cells, strain gauges,

1240 etc.), the instrument package may transmit the sensed forces directly or record them for

subsequent transmission.

3. The preferred embodiments will all include a processor and the ability to

transmit digital signals. However, it is possible to implement the invention using only analog

components and no processor. As an example, a very simple version might include only load

1245 cells, a local battery, and possibly an amplifier set in the integrated termination. These

analog devices could then send analog signals directly up the cable and all the processing

would be done outside of the integrated termination.

4. The instrument package ideally includes an inertial measurement system.

Such a system, combined with real-time (or near real-time) data transmission back to the

1250 surface, allows a surface operator to know the precise location and orientation of the

integrated termination (and by inference the payload itself).

5. The use of synthetic filaments in the cable provides a large weight saving in

comparison to prior art steel cables. This weight savings allows additional weight to be

carried at the termination (or in the vicinity thereof). Batteries may be added to the

1255 intelligent termination to provide an ample power source without having to send power down

the cable. Data may still be send through the cable in this scenario, but the greater challenge

of sending power through the cable would be avoided.

6. The camera such as shown in FIG. 14 may be a stereo camera, a laser scanner,

or some other suitable device capable of allowing the intelligent termination to "home" on a

1260 target. As an example, a visual fiducial might be provided as the desired placement point on

an undersea platform. A stereo camera could be used to guide the payload onto this target. A

3D object could be used as a target for a laser scanner. The camera could also be provided on

the intelligent termination itself (perhaps offset on a lateral boom).

7. If a visual guidance system is provided then the inertial measurement system

1265 does not have to be terribly accurate. The inertial system may be used to get the payload "in

the ballpark" and the visual guidance system could then take over for the final placement.

The combination of the two systems allows for greater accuracy while holding down costs.

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Many other features can be included with the inventive termination, including one or

more of the following:

1. The memory may be used to log strand loads for future analysis regarding 1270

needed cable maintenance and possible removal from service.

2. Communication and power wires may not travel through the core of the cable

but rather may travel externally. As an example, they might be embedded in the cable's

jacket or wrapped helically around the cable.

1275 1275 3. The collector and housing could be made as one integral unit.

4. The instrument package functionality can be applied to a cable having only a

single strand (rather than a multi-stranded cable incorporating a collector).

5. 5. The instrument package may be included as part of a ruggedized ROV garage.

Although the preceding description contains significant detail, it should not be

1280 construed as limiting the scope of the invention but rather as providing illustrations of the

preferred embodiments of the invention. Those skilled in the art will be able to devise many

other embodiments that carry out the present invention. Thus, the language used in the

claims shall define the invention rather than the specific embodiments provided.

1285

1290

1295

Claims (18)

2020212495 20 Jun 2025 43 CLAIMS CLAIMS

1. 1. An integrated cable An integrated cable system systemwith withintelligent intelligent monitoring features, comprising: monitoring features, comprising:

a. a. aa multi-stranded cable including multi-stranded cable includingsynthetic synthetic fibers, fibers, wherein wherein aa majority majorityofofa a tensile load placed on said cable is carried by said synthetic fibers; 2020212495

tensile load placed on said cable is carried by said synthetic fibers;

b. b. said said cable including aa payload cable including payloadend endandand an an extraction extraction point point distal distal to to said said

payloadend; payload end; c. c. an intelligent cable an intelligent cable module connectedtotosaid module connected saidcable cablealong along a length a length of of thethe

cable between cable endsofofthe between ends the cable; cable; d. d. an an instrument packageconnected instrument package connectedtotosaid saidintelligent intelligent cable cable module, said module, said

instrument packageincluding instrument package includinga aprocessor; processor; e. e. wherein said instrument wherein said instrumentpackage package contains contains a pluralityofofload a plurality loadsensors sensorsfor fora a plurality of said strands, with each of said load sensors being configured to measure plurality of said strands, with each of said load sensors being configured to measure

aa load onone load on oneofofsaid said strands; strands; andand

f. f. aa communication linkcontained communication link containedwithin withinsaid saidintelligent intelligent cable cable module, module,

wherein said communication wherein said communication link link isisconfigured configuredtototransmit transmitinformation informationfrom from said processor. said processor.

2. 2. The integrated cable system as recited in claim 1, wherein: The integrated cable system as recited in claim 1, wherein:

a. a. said instrumentpackage said instrument package includes includes a measurement a measurement system system configured configured to to determine a position and orientation of said intelligent cable module; and determine a position and orientation of said intelligent cable module; and

b. b. said communication said communication linklink is configured is configured to transmit to transmit said position said position and and orientation ofsaid orientation of saidintelligent intelligentcable cable module. module.

3. 3. The integrated The integrated cable cable system as recited system as recited in inclaim claim11or or2,2, wherein whereinsaid saidcommunication communication

link comprises link comprises an an electrical electrical connection connection through through saidtocable said cable to an extraction an extraction point. point.

4. 4. An integrated cable system as recited in claim 2 or 3, wherein said instrumentation An integrated cable system as recited in claim 2 or 3, wherein said instrumentation

package includes a plurality of ring laser assemblies. package includes a plurality of ring laser assemblies.

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5. 5. Theintegrated The integrated cable cable system systemas as recited recited in in any any one one of of the the preceding preceding claims, claims, wherein wherein

said said instrument instrument package further comprises package further comprisesaamemory. memory.

6. 6. The integrated The integrated cable cable system as recited system as recited inin claim claim 5, 5, wherein wherein said said memory is memory is

configured to configured to store store information information obtained fromsaid obtained from said load load sensors. sensors. 2020212495

7. 7. Theintegrated The integrated cable cablesystem systemasasrecited recitedininclaim claim6,6,wherein wherein said said intelligentcable intelligent cable modulefurther module furthercomprises comprisesa abattery batterysupplying supplyingpower powertoto saidinstrument said instrumentpackage. package.

8. 8. Theintegrated The integrated cable cable system systemas as recited recited in in any any one one of of the the preceding preceding claims, claims, wherein wherein

said intelligent cable said intelligent cablemodule module includes includes a memory a memory for data. for storing storing data.

9. 9. Theintegrated The integrated cable cable system systemas as recited recited in in any any one one of of the the preceding preceding claims, claims, wherein wherein

aa load sensorisisprovided load sensor providedfor for every every strand. strand.

10. 10. An integrated cable An integrated cable system systemwith withintelligent intelligent monitoring features, comprising: monitoring features, comprising:

a. a. aa multi-stranded multi-stranded cable cable including including a a payload end and payload end andaa second secondend; end; b. b. an intelligent cable an intelligent cable module connectedtotosaid module connected saidcable cablebetween between said said payload payload

end and end and said said second secondend; end; c. c. said intelligent cable said intelligent cable module module including including an instrument an instrument package, package, said said instrument packageincluding instrument package includinga aprocessor; processor; d. d. whereinsaid wherein said instrument instrumentpackage package contains contains a pluralityofofload a plurality loadsensors sensorsfor fora a plurality of said strands, with each of said load sensors being configured to measure plurality of said strands, with each of said load sensors being configured to measure

aa load onone load on oneofofsaid said strands; strands; andand

e. e. aa communication link communication link contained contained within within said said instrument instrument package, package, wherein wherein

said said communication linkisis configured communication link configuredtoto transmit transmit information information from fromsaid said processor. processor.

11. 11. The integrated cable system as recited in claim 10, wherein: The integrated cable system as recited in claim 10, wherein:

a. a. said instrumentpackage said instrument package includes includes a measurement a measurement system system configured configured to to determine a position and orientation of said intelligent cable module; and determine a position and orientation of said intelligent cable module; and

b. b. said communication said communication linklink is configured is configured to transmit to transmit said position said position and and orientation ofsaid orientation of saidintelligent intelligentcable cable module. module.

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12. 12. The integrated The integrated cable cable system system asasrecited recited inin claim claim1010or or 11,11, wherein wherein saidsaid

communication communication link link comprises comprises an electrical an electrical connection connection through through said said cablecable to anto an extraction point. extraction point.

13. 13. An integrated An integrated cable cable system systemasasrecited recitedininclaim claim11 11 or 12, or 12, wherein wherein said said instrumentation package instrumentation package includes includes a plurality a plurality of ringoflaser ringassemblies. laser assemblies. 2020212495

14. 14. Theintegrated The integrated cable cable system systemasas recited recited in in any one of any one of claims claims 10 10 to to 13, 13, wherein said wherein said

instrument packagefurther instrument package furthercomprises comprisesa amemory. memory.

15. 15. Theintegrated The integratedcable cablesystem system as recited as recited in claim in claim 14, wherein 14, wherein said memory said memory is is configured to configured to store store information information obtained fromsaid obtained from said load load sensors. sensors.

16. 16. The integrated The integrated cable cable system systemasasrecited recitedinin claim claim15, 15,wherein whereinsaid saidintelligent intelligent cable cable module further comprises module further comprisesa abattery batterysupplying supplyingpower powertoto saidinstrument said instrumentpackage. package.

17. 17. The integrated The integrated cable cable system systemasas recited recited in in any one of any one of claims claims 10 10 to to 16, 16, wherein said wherein said

intelligent cable intelligent cablemodule module includes includes a a memory forstoring memory for storingdata. data.

18. 18. The integrated cable system as recited in any one of claims 10 to 17, wherein a load The integrated cable system as recited in any one of claims 10 to 17, wherein a load

sensor is provided sensor is providedforfor every every strand. strand.