AU2020276402B2

AU2020276402B2 - Ignition insert with active prechamber

Info

Publication number: AU2020276402B2
Application number: AU2020276402A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Vianney Rabhi
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2019-05-13
Filing date: 2020-05-13
Publication date: 2025-07-24
Anticipated expiration: 2040-05-13
Also published as: JP7590988B2; AU2020276402A9; CN113795655A; EP3969735A1; FR3096078B1; CN113795655B; FR3096079A1; EP3969735B1; AU2020276402A1; ES3037761T3; KR102876084B1; FR3096079B1; JP2022533068A; WO2020229775A1; FR3096078A1; CA3139564A1; KR20220006534A

Abstract

The invention concerns an ignition insert (1) having an active prechamber, said insert comprising an insert well (72) arranged within a cylinder head (3) of an internal combustion engine (2), the well (72) housing a rotationally-indexed cylindrical insert body (70) in which are arranged: an ignition prechamber (71); an insert spark plug well (83) receiving a spark plug (12); and a radial injector port (88) aligned with a lateral injector well (73) arranged within the cylinder head (3) so as to accommodate an injector nozzle (16), the body (70) terminating in a prechamber nozzle (75) opening into a combustion chamber (5) and being held in the insert well (72) by attachment means (82) cooperating with clamping means (74).

Description

Description Description

Title ofof invention: IGNITION INSERT INSERTWITH WITH AN AN ACTIVE PRE-CHAMBER 2020276402 25 Jun

Title invention: IGNITION ACTIVE PRE-CHAMBER

[1] Thepresent

[1] The presentinvention invention relatestotoanan relates ignitioninsert ignition insertwith withananactive activepre-chamber pre-chamber which makes which makesit itpossible possibletotoaccommodate accommodate an active an active pre-chamber pre-chamber in thein the 5 5 cylinder cylinder head head of of an internal combustion an internal combustion engine in aa small engine in small space and inin aa space and 2020276402

minimally intrusive manner. minimally intrusive manner.

[2] Thereare

[2] There aremany many concepts concepts of active of active pre-chambers, pre-chambers, the latter the latter beingbeing used used as an as an

ignition ignition means forigniting means for igniting aamain main charge charge in the in the combustion combustion chamber chamber of an of an internal internal combustion engine. combustion engine.

10 [3]The 10 [3] The term term "active"pre-chamber "active" pre-chamberisiscommonly commonly used used to describe to describe pre-chambers pre-chambers

into into which opens,ininaddition which opens, additiontotoaaknown known electric electric spark spark plug, plug, at at least least oneone fuel fuel

injector withororwithout injector with withoutan an airair injector injector or least or at at least one one fuel-air fuel-air mixture mixture injector. injector.

[4] For example,

[4] For example,the theconcept concept is is known known of aofpre-chamber a pre-chamber known known as "Turbulent as "Turbulent Jet Jet Ignition", Ignition", patented and patented anddeveloped developed by by the the "Mahle" "Mahle" company. This concept company. This concept-- 15 15 which was which wasthe thesubject subject ofof patent patent EP EP3 3001 001008 008A1A1published publishedonon3030 March March

2016 - provides 2016 provides for for a pre-chamber a pre-chamber into which into which opens opens an electric an electric sparkonplug on spark plug

the one the one hand handand anda a fuelinjector fuel injector on on the the other other hand. hand.Said Saidpre-chamber pre-chamberis is

essentially designed essentially designed to ignite to ignite main main chargescharges that are that highlyare highly diluted diluted with with air, i.e. air, i.e.

low in gasoline low in andrich gasoline and rich in in oxygen. oxygen.

20 20 [5][5] Patent Patent application application No. No. FR 3 FR 0613743 061published 743 published on July on 13,July 13,for2018, 2018, for a a valve- valve- controlled controlled ignition ignitionpre-chamber pre-chamber and patent application and patent application No. No. FRFR3 3060 060222 222 published onJune published on June 15,15, 2018, 2018, for for a spark a spark plug plug with with electrode-shuttle electrode-shuttle are also are also

known. Bothapplications known. Both applications are are the the property property of of the the applicant applicant and and have havethe the particularity particularityofofseparating separating the the pre-chamber from pre-chamber from thethe main main chamber chamber by means by means

25 25 of aa valve of valve ororananelectrode-shuttle. electrode-shuttle.This Thisinnovative innovative configuration configuration offers offers many many

possibilities possibilitiescompared compared totoconventional conventional pre-chambers pre-chambers whichwhich are inare in permanent permanent

communicationwith communication with the the engine engine combustion combustion chamber. chamber.

[6]

[6] It It should be noted should be notedthat thatpatent patentapplications applications No. No.FR FR 3 061 3 061 743743 and and No. No.

FR FR 33 060 060 222 222 gave gaverise rise to to an improvementpatent an improvement patentapplication application No. No. 18 18 58111 58111

30 30 dated September dated September10, 10, 2018. 2018. The latter The latter application application is owned is owned by the by the applicant applicant

and relatestotothethe and relates magnetic magnetic return return of theof the or valve valve or electrode-shuttle. of the of the electrode-shuttle.

[7] Generallyspeaking,

[7] Generally speaking, all all pre-chamber pre-chamber ignition ignition devices devices provide provide that a pilot that a pilot

charge mainly composed charge mainly composedof of airair andand fuelfuel is is firstintroduced first introducedinto into the the pre- pre-

2 25 Jun 2025 2020276402 25 Jun 2025

chamber. Then chamber. Then saidsaid pilot pilot charge charge is ignited is ignited by aby a spark spark plug. plug. As it As it burns, burns, the the pressure of the pressure of thepilot pilot charge chargeisis increased increasedtotothe theextent extentthat thatthe thepilot pilotcharge chargeis is

ejected at high ejected at high temperature temperature and and high high speed speed in form in the the form of torches of torches of burning of burning

gas into gas into the the three-dimensional three-dimensional space space of the of the engine engine combustion combustion chamber. chamber. As As 5 5 they pass they passthrough throughthethe volume volume of said of said chamber, chamber, said torches said torches ignite ignite the the main main charge containedtherein. charge contained therein. 2020276402

[8]

[8] Compared Compared totoa asimple simplespark spark plug,the plug, themuch much higher higher ignitionpower ignition power of of thethe

torches combined torches combined with with thethe formation formation of local of local turbulence turbulence of high of high intensity intensity and and short duration short duration allows allowsthe therapid rapidburning burningofofmain main charges charges of air of air and and fuel fuel highly highly

10 10 diluted with additional diluted with additional atmospheric atmosphericairairor or with with preferably preferably pre-cooled pre-cooled

recirculated exhaust recirculated gases. exhaust gases.

[9] Thecombination

[9] The combinationof of powerful powerful ignition ignition andand highly highly diluted diluted charges charges enables enables trochtroch

ignition ignition pre-chambers pre-chambers to to significantlyreduce significantly reduce the the fuelfuel consumption consumption of spark of spark

ignition ignition internal internalcombustion engines,inin particular combustion engines, particular by by limiting limiting pumping andwall pumping and wall 15 15 heat lossesthereof. heat losses thereof. The Themain main charge charge being being highly highly diluted diluted and and its combustion its combustion

being rapid, said being rapid, said charge chargeisis also also not not very verysensitive sensitiveto to knocking, knocking,which which makes makes it it

possible to provide possible to provide the theengine enginereceiving receiving ititwith witha ahigh highvolumetric volumetric ratioand ratio andan an

optimumignition optimum ignitionadvance, advance, these these twotwo particularitiesmaking particularities makingit itpossible possibletotoconfer confer a a high efficiency on high efficiency on the the thermodynamic cycle thermodynamic cycle performed. performed.

20 20 [10]

[10] OneOne of the of the difficultiesin difficulties in installing installing the theactive activeignition pre-chambers ignition is the pre-chambers is the space space

occupied by occupied by the the spark spark plug plugand andthe theinjector injector which which the the said said pre-chambers pre-chambers receive, receive, and whichopen and which open intothe into thevery verysmall smallvolume volume of of thethe said said pre-chambers. pre-chambers.

[11] In addition,

[11]In addition, it it is is preferable to avoid preferable to avoidany anyconnecting connecting ductduct between between the pre- the pre-

chamberandand chamber the the injector injector nose,nose, as illustrated as illustrated in patent in patent application application

25 25 No. FR No. FR 3 061 3 061 743,743, as itas is itdifficult is difficult to propagate to propagate thepreviously the flame flame previously initiated in initiated in

the pre-chamber the pre-chamberbybythe thespark sparkplug plugininsuch such a duct, a duct, thethe latterbeing latter beingcold, cold, blocking the flame, blocking the flame,forming forminga a trap trap forfor unburnt unburnt residues, residues, and and strongly strongly cooling cooling

the pilot the pilot charge duetotothe charge due thelarge largeinternal internal surface surfacethat thatitit exposes exposesininrelation relationtoto its itsvolume. volume.

30 30 [12]

[12] Active Active pre-chambers pre-chambers thus thus pose pose a problem a problem of integration of integration in internal in internal combustion combustion

engines, sincethe engines, since thespark sparkplug plugand and thethe injectorare injector are usually usually placed placed next next to each to each

other or other or almost almost next nexttotoeach each other, other, as as shown shown for example for example by by patent patent EP EP 33 001 001 008 008 A1. A1.

3 25 Jun 2025

2025

[13]

[13] This This arrangement resultsinin aa substantial arrangement results substantial radial radial space spacerequirement requirementforfor thepre- the pre-

2020276402 25 Jun chamber, sparkplug chamber, spark plugand and injectorassembly. injector assembly. Moreover, Moreover, thisthis arrangement arrangement

makes makes itit difficult difficult totocreate createvery verysmall smallvolume volume pre-chambers without pre-chambers without thethe internal internal

surface/volume ratio of surface/volume ratio of the the pre-chambers pre-chambersbeing beingvery very large large andand favours favours

5 5 excessive coolingofofthe excessive cooling thepilot pilot charge chargegases gases once once the the latter latter have have beenbeen heated heated

to high to high temperature. temperature. 2020276402

[14] It should

[14]lt should also also be notedthat be noted that the the large large dimensions dimensionsofofthe thevarious variouscomponents components of of

the active the active pre-chamber pre-chamberreduce reducethethe space space available available to house to house the water the water

chambers which chambers which coolcool the the cylinder cylinder head, head, the intake the intake and exhaust and exhaust ducts ducts of the of the

10 10 internal internal combustion engineand combustion engine and thethe camshafts camshafts of the of the said said engine. engine.

[15]

[15]IIn Inaddition, addition, cooling ofthe cooling of thepre-chamber pre-chamber becomes becomes potentially potentially difficult difficult to achieveto achieve

ifif ititisisnot not in in direct direct contact with the contact with the cooling coolingwater water circulating circulating in in thethe water water

chambers chambers ofof thecylinder the cylinderhead. head.

[16] It should

[16]lt also be should also benoted notedthat thatinstalling installing an anactive activepre-chamber pre-chamber in pre-existing in a a pre-existing 15 15 engine requiresextensive engine requires extensive modifications modifications to the to the cylinder cylinder head, head, as cylinder as the the cylinder head cannotaccommodate head cannot accommodate the active the active pre-chamber pre-chamber without without substantial substantial

modifications. It isistherefore modifications. It thereforenecessary necessary to to support heavyinvestments support heavy investmentsto to modify modify

the cylinder the cylinder head andtotoensure head and ensureits itsindustrial industrial production. production.

[17] It is

[17]lt is an object of an object of the the present presentinvention inventionto to provide provide an ignition an ignition insert insert with with an an

20 20 active active pre-chamber, pre-chamber, ororanan internalcombustion internal combustion engine engine including including suchsuch an insert, an insert,

whichameliorates which amelioratesoneone or or more more disadvantages disadvantages of existing of existing apparatus, apparatus, or or which which at at least least provides the public provides the publicwith withaauseful usefulchoice. choice.ForFor resolving resolving these these various various

problems anddisadvantages problems and disadvantages inherent inherent in the in the installationof of installation active active pre- pre-

chambers chambers ininreciprocating reciprocatinginternal internalcombustion combustion engines engines with with sparkspark or or 25 25 compression ignition,according compression ignition, accordingto to the the invention invention andand according according to a to a particular particular

embodiment, embodiment, thethe ignitioninsert ignition insertwith with active active pre-chamber pre-chamber allows: allows:

• To house To housean an active active pre-chamber pre-chamber in theinspark the spark plug orplug or injector injector well ofwell of practically practicallyany any spark-ignition spark-ignitionorordiesel dieselengine, engine, that that isis to to say by say by

minimizing the modifications minimizing the modifications to to which which the thecylinder cylinder head headmust must be be

30 30 subjected; subjected;

4 25 Jun 2025

2025

• To cool To cool the the said said pre-chamber pre-chamberbybyplacing placingthetheouter outersurface surfacethereof thereof

2020276402 25 Jun directly directly in in contact contact with with the cooling water the cooling waterwhich which circulates circulates in in the the water water

chambers chambers ofof thecylinder the cylinderhead head which which receives receives it; it;

• To produce To produceactive activepre-chambers pre-chambers of very of very small small volume volume and which and which offer aoffer a 55 small surface/volume small ratio, soso that surface/volume ratio, thatthe theheat heatexchanges exchanges between the between the

gases contained gases contained in in said said pre-chambers pre-chambersand and thethe internalwall internal wall of of said said 2020276402

pre-chambers remain pre-chambers remain limited; limited;

[18] Takingthe

[18]Taking theabove above into into account, account, thethe ignition ignition insert insert with with an an active active pre-chamber pre-chamber

according tothe according to theinvention inventionmakes makes it possible it possible to meet to meet an unsatisfied an unsatisfied need of need of

10 10 being capabletotoimplant being capable implantanan activepre-chamber active pre-chamber efficiently efficiently andand at aatlower a lower costcost

on anytype on any typeof of reciprocating reciprocating internal internal combustion engine. combustion engine.

[19] Theignition

[19]The ignition insert insert with with ananactive activepre-chamber pre-chamber according according to thetoinvention the invention is is expected expected totobe beinexpensive inexpensive to to manufacture manufacture in large in large series, series, in order in order to remain to remain

compatible withthe compatible with theeconomic economic constraints constraints of of most most of the of the applications applications for for which which

15 15 ititisisintended, includingautomotive intended, including automotive applications. applications.

[20]

[20] ItIt is is understood understoodthat thatthe theignition insert ignition with insert an an with active pre-chamber active pre-chamber according to according to

the invention the invention can canbe beapplied appliedtotoany anyrotary rotaryororreciprocating reciprocatinginternal internalcombustion combustion engine, whateverthethe engine, whatever type, type, whatever whatever the the gaseous, gaseous, liquidliquid or solid or solid fuel fuel it uses, it uses,

and whether and whether itsitsmain main charge charge is diluted is diluted withwith cooled cooled or uncooled or uncooled EGR, EGR, with a with a

20 20 neutral neutral gas of any gas of kind, or any kind, or with with aa gas gas rich rich in inoxygen or any oxygen or other oxidant. any other oxidant.

[21] It isisalso

[21]lt alsounderstood that the understood that the pilot pilotcharge charge intended to ignite intended to ignite the the main chargeofof main charge

any sparkignition any spark ignition engine enginewhich which receives receives thethe ignitioninsert ignition insertwith withananactive activepre- pre- chamber according chamber according to to thethe invention invention maymay contain contain a fuel a fuel and/or and/or oxidant oxidant different different

from the from the fuel fuel and/or oxidant which and/or oxidant whichconstitutes constitutessaid saidmain maincharge. charge.

25 [22]The 25 [22] Theignition ignition insert insert with with an an active active pre-chamber pre-chamberaccording accordingto tothethe present present

invention is intended invention is for an intended for an internal internal combustion engine,the combustion engine, thelatter latter comprising comprisinga a cylinder cylinder head head which covers aa cylinder which covers cylinder to to form with a form with piston aa combustion a piston combustion chamber into which chamber into whicha amain maincharge charge cancan be be introduced, introduced, said said cylinderhead cylinder head housing anignition housing an ignition pre-chamber pre-chamber into into which which a spark a spark plugplug andinjector and an an injector nose nose

30 30 of of at at least least one injector open one injector andinto open and intowhich whicha apilot pilotcharge chargecancan be be introduced; introduced;

said pre-chamber can said pre-chamber cancommunicate communicate withwith the the combustion combustion chamber chamber successively via aa gas successively via gasejection ejectionconduit conduitand andvia viaatatleast leastone onegas gasejection ejectionorifice orifice

5 25 Jun 2025 2020276402 25 Jun 2025

which opens which opens into into said said chamber chamber via via a apre-chamber pre-chambernose, nose,said saidinsert insert comprising: comprising:

• At least At least one insert well one insert well arranged arrangedininthe thecylinder cylinderhead head and and having having fixing fixing

means, saidwell means, said wellopening opening on the on the one hand, one hand, outside outside the cylinder the cylinder head head 55 via a large-diameter insert introduction orifice, and on the other hand, in via a large-diameter insert introduction orifice, and on the other hand, in

the combustion the combustionchamber chamberviavia a smaller-diameter a smaller-diameter pre-chamber pre-chamber nose nose 2020276402

orifice, orifice,the thetwo twosaid saiddiameters diameters being connectedtotoeach being connected each other other by by at at least least

one insert support one insert shoulder; support shoulder;

• At least At least one cylindrical insert one cylindrical insertbody body made upofofone made up oneorormore more parts parts andand in in 10 10 whichthe which theignition ignition pre-chamber and pre-chamber and thethe gasgas ejection ejection conduit conduit are are notably notably

arranged, said arranged, said body body beingbeing housedhoused withplay with little little in play in thewell, the insert insert well, being being

indexed indexed ininrotation rotationrelative relative to to the thecylinder cylinderhead, head,andand ending ending with with the the

pre-chamber nose pre-chamber nose which which crosses crosses the orifice the orifice of pre-chamber of the the pre-chamber nose, nose,

while said while said body bodyhashas an an insert insert support support surface surface whichwhich bears bears directly directly or or 15 15 indirectly onthe indirectly on theinsert insertsupport support shoulder; shoulder;

• At least At least one oneinsert insertspark spark plug plug wellwell arranged arranged in theincylindrical the cylindrical insertinsert

body, parallel to body, parallel to the the axis axis of of said said body or at body or at aa closed closed angle anglewith withrespect respect to said to said axis axis and at the and at the center center or or near the center near the of said center of said body, said spark body, said spark plug well opening plug well openingonon the the oneone hand, hand, at the at the end end of cylindrical of the the cylindrical insert insert

20 20 body whichisisaxially body which axially opposite oppositethe thepre-chamber pre-chamber nose, nose, andtheonother and on the other hand, in the hand, in theignition ignition pre-chamber, pre-chamber, said said spark spark plug plug well well receiving receiving the the spark plug spark plug ignition ignition or or injector injector nose nose 16; 16;

• At least At least one oneinjector injectorradial radialorifice orifice arranged arranged radiallyin inthethe radially cylindrical cylindrical

insert insert body but not body but not necessarily necessarilyperpendicular perpendicularto to thethe latterand latter andin in which which

25 25 is is housed theend housed the end of of thethe injector injector nose nose or the or the sparkspark plug, plug, said orifice said orifice

connecting theignition connecting the ignition pre-chamber pre-chamber and/or and/or thethe gasgas ejection ejection conduit conduit with with

the external surface of the cylindrical insert body; the external surface of the cylindrical insert body;

• At least one injector lateral well arranged in the cylinder head, said well At least one injector lateral well arranged in the cylinder head, said well

receiving the injector receiving the injector nose nosebody bodyor or thethe spark spark plug plug and and connecting connecting the the 30 30 outside outside ofofthe thecylinder cylinder head head with with the insert the insert well the well while while theorifice radial radial of orifice of injector is aligned injector is alignedwith withsaid said well well so that so that the the end end of theof the injector injector nose ornose of or of the spark the spark plug plug opens opensinto into the theignition ignition pre-chamber and/orthe pre-chamber and/or thegas gas

6 25 Jun 2025

2025

ejection conduit, successively ejection conduit, successivelypassing passing through through the the injector injector lateral lateral well well

2020276402 25 Jun and theinjector and the injector radial radial orifice; orifice;

• And clamping And clampingmeans means cooperating cooperating with with thethe fixingmeans fixing means in order in order to to directly or indirectly maintain the insert support surface of the cylindrical directly or indirectly maintain the insert support surface of the cylindrical

55 insert insert body pressedagainst body pressed againstthe theinsert insertsupport supportshoulder. shoulder. 2020276402

[23]

[23]The The ignition ignitioninsert with insert ananactive with activepre-chamber pre-chamber according to the according to the present present invention comprisesa apre-chamber invention comprises pre-chamber nosenose whichwhich accommodates accommodates a stratification a stratification

valve which valve whichisispressed pressed either either against against the the end end of gas of the the ejection gas ejection conduit conduit to to close the latter close the latter sealingly, sealingly, either, either,against against aa valve valve seat on the seat on the chamber chamber side side to to

10 10 form with form with the thegas gasejection ejectionconduit conduit a pre-chamber a pre-chamber for ignition for ignition by torch by torch whichwhich

simultaneously communicates simultaneously communicates on one on the thehand, one hand, with with the the ignition ignition pre-chamber pre-chamber

via the via the gas ejection conduit, gas ejection conduit,and and on the other on the other hand, with the hand, with the combustion combustion chamber viathe chamber via thegas gas ejectionorifice. ejection orifice.

[24] The ignition

[24]The ignition insert insert with with an an active active pre-chamber according toto the pre-chamber according thepresent present 15 15 invention comprises invention comprises a source a source of magnetic of magnetic field which field which is positioned is positioned on the on the

cylindrical cylindrical insert insert body andwhich body and which produces produces a magnetic a magnetic field which field which tends to tends to

keep thestratification keep the stratification valve valvepressed pressed against against the ofend the end the of gasthe gas ejection ejection

conduit. conduit.

[25]

[25]The The ignition ignitioninsert with insert ananactive with activepre-chamber pre-chamber according to the according to the present present 20 20 invention invention comprises comprises aa gas gas ejection ejection conduit conduit which which is is made madeofofa a magnetic magnetic

material andwhich material and which forms forms at contact at its its contact with with the stratification the stratification valvevalve a gas a gas

ejection ejection tube whoseoutside tube whose outside diameter diameter is is less less than than that that of of said said valve, valve, said said tube tube

being tightly enclosed being tightly enclosed in in aa non-magnetic sleeve made non-magnetic sleeve madeofofa anon-magnetic non-magnetic material. material.

25 [26]The 25 [26] Theignition ignition insert insert with with an an active active pre-chamber pre-chamberaccording accordingto tothethe present present

invention comprisesa apre-chamber invention comprises pre-chamber nose nose which which consists consists of an attached of an attached nose nose whichcovers which coversthe thegas gas ejection ejection conduit, conduit, thethe gasgas ejection ejection orificebeing orifice being arranged arranged

in in said said attached nose. attached nose.

[27]

[27]The The ignition ignitioninsert with insert ananactive with activepre-chamber pre-chamber according to the according to the present present 30 30 invention includes aaspace invention includes space forming forming an an insert insert cooling cooling water water chamber chamber which is which is

formedbetween formed betweenthethe cylindricalinsert cylindrical insertbody bodyand and the the insertwell. insert well.

7 25 Jun 2025

2025

[28]

[28]The The ignition ignitioninsert with insert ananactive with activepre-chamber pre-chamber according to the according to the present present

2020276402 25 Jun invention comprises invention comprises a injector a injector lateralwell lateral wellwhich which consists consists of aofperforated a perforated or or non-continuous bore non-continuous bore which which communicates communicates along along its its with length length at with leastat least one one

cylinder cylinder head coolingwater head cooling waterchamber chamber that that includes includes thethe cylinder cylinder head. head.

[29]The 55 [29] Theignition ignition insert insert with with an an active active pre-chamber pre-chamberaccording accordingto tothethe present present

invention comprisesan an invention comprises insert insert clamping clamping ferrule ferrule which which bearsbears on theon the clamping clamping 2020276402

face by face by ferrule ferrule via via aa compression spring. compression spring.

[30]

[30]The The ignition ignitioninsert with insert ananactive with activepre-chamber pre-chamber according to the according to the present present invention invention comprises clamping means comprises clamping means which which consist consist of of at at leastoneone least insert insert

10 10 clamping ferrule having clamping ferrule havingananexternal externalferrule ferrulethread threadcooperating cooperating with with thethe means means

for fixing for fixing the the insert insert well well which consistofofa awell which consist wellinternal internalthread, thread,said said ferrule ferrule

being centrally bored being centrally for allowing bored for allowing the the spark plug to spark plug to pass through. pass through.

[31]

[31]The The ignition ignitioninsert with insert ananactive with activepre-chamber pre-chamber according to the according to the present present invention comprisesananinsert invention comprises insertsupport support surface surface which which directly directly or or indirectlyforms indirectly forms 15 15 a ball joint a ball joint connection withthe connection with theinsert insertsupport supportshoulder, shoulder, while while the the cylindrical cylindrical

insert bodydirectly insert body directly or or indirectly indirectly forms forms a ball a ball jointjoint connection connection with thewith the clamping clamping

means. means.

[32]

[32]The The ignition ignitioninsert with insert ananactive with activepre-chamber pre-chamber according to the according to the present present invention comprisesclamping invention comprises clamping means means whichwhich bear bear on theon the cylindrical cylindrical insertinsert body body

20 20 by means by means of of a a ball-joint sliding ball-joint sliding washer which washer which cancan move move radially radially either either relative relative

to the cylindrical insert body, or relative to the clamping means. to the cylindrical insert body, or relative to the clamping means.

[33]

[33]The The ignition ignitioninsert with insert ananactive with activepre-chamber pre-chamber according to the according to the present present invention comprises invention comprises a ball-jointsliding a ball-joint slidingwasher washer which which is flexible is flexible and which and which

forms a restraint spring. forms a restraint spring.

25 [34] The 25 [34]The ignitioninsert ignition insert with with ananactive activepre-chamber pre-chamber according according to the to the present present

invention comprises invention comprises an an injector injector nose nose whichwhich is pressed is held held pressed in the injector in the injector

radial radial orifice orificeand and against against the the cylindrical cylindricalinsert body insert bodyby by elastic elasticclamping clamping means means

whichbear which bearononthethe injectoronon injector the the oneone hand, hand, and and oncylinder on the the cylinder head head on the on the other other hand. hand.

30 [35] The 30 [35]The ignitioninsert ignition insert with with ananactive activepre-chamber pre-chamber according according to the to the present present

invention compriseselastic invention comprises elasticclamping clamping means means whichwhich consist consist of a flange of a flange which which

8 25 Jun 2025 Jun 2025

bears onthe bears on theinjector injector on onthe theone onehand, hand, andand which which is connected is connected to cylinder to the the cylinder head byatat least head by least aa flange flange screw screwononthe theother otherhand. hand.

[36] The description

[36]The description which which follows follows with with reference reference to to the the appended appended drawings, drawings,

supplied bywayway of non-limiting examples, will itmake it possible to betterto better 2020276402 25

supplied by of non-limiting examples, will make possible

55 understand theinvention, understand the invention,the thefeatures featuresthereof, thereof,and and thethe advantages advantages whichwhich it is it is

capable of providing: capable of providing: 2020276402

[37] [Fig. 1]

[37][Fig. 1] is isaa schematic sectionalview schematic sectional viewofofthe theignition ignition insert insert with with an anactive activepre- pre- chamber according chamber according to to thethe invention invention as can as it it can be installed be installed in in thethe cylinder cylinder head head

of an of aninternal internalcombustion combustion engine, engine, said said insertinsert receiving, receiving, as an alternative as an alternative

10 10 embodiment, a valve embodiment, a valve stratification stratification kept kept pressed pressed against against theofend the end the of gasthe gas

ejection ejection conduit conduit by a magnetic by a magneticfield field produced producedbybya apermanent permanent magnet. magnet.

[38] [Fig. 2]

[38][Fig. 2] is is aa schematic sectionalview schematic sectional viewframed framedon on the the cylindrical cylindrical insert insert body body of of the ignition the ignition insert insert with with an active pre-chamber an active pre-chamber according according to the to the invention invention and and according to the according to the alternative alternative embodiment illustratedininFIG. embodiment illustrated FIG.1.1.

15 15 [39] [Fig.

[39][Fig. 3] 3] isisanan exploded exploded three-dimensional three-dimensional view view of theofcylindrical the cylindrical insert insert bodybody of of the ignition the ignition insert insert with with a pre-chamber a pre-chamber according according to the to the invention invention and and of theof the main componentswith main components withwhich which said said body body cooperates, cooperates, thisthis according according to to thethe

alternative embodiment alternative embodiment illustrated illustrated in in FIG. FIG. 1 which 1 which provides provides a stratification a stratification

valve and valve and aa permanent permanent magnet. magnet.

20 20 [40] [Fig.

[40][Fig. 4] 4] isisa athree-dimensional three-dimensional cutaway cutaway viewview of the of the cylindrical cylindrical insert insert body body of of thethe

ignition ignition insert insertwith withaa pre-chamber according pre-chamber according to to thethe invention invention andand of the of the mainmain

components with components with which which said said bodybody cooperates, cooperates, this according this according to thetoalternative the alternative embodiment illustratedin inFIG. embodiment illustrated FIG. 1 which 1 which provides provides a stratification a stratification valve valve and aand a

permanent magnet. permanent magnet.

25 25 [41] [Fig.

[41][Fig. 5] 5] is is a schematic a schematic sectional sectional view view of the of the cylindrical cylindrical insert insert body ofbody the of the ignition ignition insert insertwith withan an active active pre-chamber according pre-chamber according to to thethe invention invention as as it can it can

be installed in be installed in the cylinder head the cylinder headofofananinternal internalcombustion combustion engine, engine, the the insert insert

support surfaceforming support surface forminga aball balljoint joint connection withthe connection with theinsert insert support supportshoulder shoulder while the while the cylindrical cylindrical insert insertbody body forms a ball forms a ball joint jointconnection connection with with the the clamping clamping

30 30 means means byby means means of aofball-joint a ball-jointsliding slidingwasher. washer.

[42] [Fig. 6]

[42][Fig. 6]isisa aschematic schematic sectional sectional view view of of FIG. FIG. 5 5 seen fromabove. seen from above.

9 25 Jun 2025

2025

[43] DESCRIPTIONOF

[43]DESCRIPTION OFTHE THEINVENTION: INVENTION:

2020276402 25 Jun

[44] FIGS.11toto66 show

[44]FIGS. showthe theignition ignitioninsert insert with with an an active active pre-chamber pre-chamber 1 according 1 according to to

the invention, the invention, various various details details of of its its components, itsalternative components, its alternativeembodiments, embodiments, and its accessories. and its accessories.

55 [45]

[45] TheThe ignition ignition insert insert with with active active pre-chamber pre-chamber 1 is particularly 1 is particularly provided provided for an for an 2020276402

internal internal combustion engine combustion engine 2, 2, thethe latter latter comprising comprising a cylinder a cylinder head head 3 which 3 which

covers a cylinder covers a cylinder 44 to to form form with with aa piston piston31 31 aa combustion chamber5 5into combustion chamber into whichcan which canbebeintroduced introduced a main a main load load 30.30.

[46]

[46] As As can be seen can be seeninin Figures Figures1,1,2, 2, 55 and and6,6, the the cylinder cylinder head head3 3houses housesan an ignition ignition

10 10 pre-chamber pre-chamber 71 71 in in which which openopen a spark a spark plug plug 12 and12 anand an injector injector nose 16nose of at16 of at

least least one injector 88 and one injector andinto intowhich which a pilotcharge a pilot charge 9 can 9 can be introduced, be introduced, said said

pre-chamber 71 being pre-chamber 71 being capable capable to to communicate communicatewith with the the combustion combustion chamber chamber 5 successivelyvia 5 successively viaaagas gasejection ejectionconduit conduit7676 andand via via at at least least oneone gas gas ejection ejection

orifice 24 orifice 24 which which opens into said opens into said chamber chamber 5 viaa apre-chamber 5 via pre-chamber nosenose 75. 75.

15 15 [47]

[47] As As cancan be seen be seen in Figures in Figures 1, 2,1,5 2, and5 6, andthe6, ignition the ignition insert insert withwith an active an active pre-pre-

chamber 1 according chamber 1 according to the to the invention invention comprises comprises at one at least least one well insert insert72 well 72 arranged arranged ininthe thecylinder cylinderhead head 3. 3. Said Said insert insert well well 72 comprises 72 comprises fixingfixing meansmeans

whichconsist which consistofofa awell wellinternal internalthread thread8282 over over part part of of itsits length. length. In In addition, addition,

said well 72 said well opensoutside 72 opens outsideofofthe thecylinder cylinderhead head 3 via 3 via an an insert insert insertionorifice insertion orifice 20 20 78 of 78 of large large diameter, onthe diameter, on theone onehand, hand, and and into into thethe combustion combustion chamber chamber 5 via 5 via a pre-chamber a pre-chamber nose nose orifice orifice 7777 of of smaller smaller diameter, diameter, on on the the other other hand, hand, the two the two

said diametersbeing said diameters being connected connected to each to each otherother by at by at least least one insert one insert support support

shoulder79 shoulder 79which whichmay may forfor example example be planar be planar or conical. or conical.

[48]

[48] As As can be seen can be seeninin Figures Figures1 1toto6, 6, the the ignition ignition insert insertwith withan anactive activepre-chamber pre-chamber

25 25 11 according according to to the the invention invention has has atat least least one onecylindrical cylindrical insert insert body 70 body 70

consisting of one consisting of or more one or moreparts partsand and in in which which areare notably notably arranged arranged the ignition the ignition

pre-chamber pre-chamber 7171 andand thethe gasgas ejection ejection conduit conduit 76. 76.

[49]

[49] The cylindricalinsert The cylindrical insert body body 70 is70 is housed housed withplay with little littlein play in thewell the insert insert well 72, is 72, is

indexed indexed ininrotation rotationrelative relativetotothe thecylinder cylinderhead head 3, and 3, and ends ends withpre- with the the pre- 30 30 chamber nose chamber nose 75 75 which which passes passes through through the pre-chamber the pre-chamber nose77. nose orifice orifice The 77. The

cylindrical cylindrical insert insertbody body 70 also has 70 also hasananinsert insertsupport supportsurface surface 80 80 which which directly directly

or or indirectly indirectlybears bears on on the the insert insertsupport support shoulder shoulder 79. 79.

10 25 Jun 2025

2025

[50]

[50] It It is isnoted thatwhen noted that whenthe the cylindrical cylindrical insert insert body body 70 70 is introduced is introduced into the insert into the insert

2020276402 25 Jun well 72 through the insert introduction orifice 78, said body 70 is stopped in its well 72 through the insert introduction orifice 78, said body 70 is stopped in its

movement when movement when thethe insertsupport insert supportshoulder shoulder7979comes comes intocontact into contactwith with the the insert insert support support surface 80. surface 80.

55 [51]

[51] ItIt is is noted that noted a support that gasket a support gasket25 25can can be be provided between provided between theinsert the insertsupport support surface 80and surface 80 andthe theinsert insertsupport supportshoulder shoulder 79 79 which which provides provides a seal a seal between between 2020276402

the insert the insert well well 72 72 and the combustion and the combustion chamber chamber 5. Said 5. Said sealseal 25 be 25 can canmetallic be metallic like like annealed copperororbebeofofany annealed copper anyother othertype typeknown knownto to those those skilled skilled in in theart. the art.

[52]

[52] As As can beseen can be seenparticularly particularlyinin FIGS. FIGS.2,2,4 4and and5, 5, the the ignitioninsert ignition insertwith withactive active 10 10 pre-chamber 1 according pre-chamber 1 according to the to the invention invention hasleast has at at least one insert one insert spark spark plug plug

well 83 well 83 arranged arrangedininthe thecylindrical cylindricalinsert insert body body70,70,parallel paralleltotothe theaxis axisofofsaid said body 70ororat body 70 at aa closed closedangle anglewith withrespect respecttotosaid saidaxis axisand andatatthe thecenter centerorornear near the center the center of of said said body body70, 70,said saidspark spark plug plug well well 83 83 opening opening at end at the the of endtheof the cylindrical cylindrical insert insertbody body 70 whichisisaxially 70 which axially opposite oppositethe thepre-chamber pre-chambernosenose 75, 75,

15 15 on the one on the onehand, hand, and and in in thethe ignitionpre-chamber ignition pre-chamber 71,the 71, on on other the other hand. hand. The The insert insert spark spark plug plug well well 83 83 receives the spark receives the spark plug plug12 12ororthe the injector injector nose 16. nose 16.

[53] It is

[53]lt is to to be noted,particularly be noted, particularly in in Figures Figures 2 to24,tothat 4, that the ignition the ignition insertinsert with active with active

pre-chamber pre-chamber 1 1 according according to to thethe invention invention comprises comprises at least at least one one injector injector radial radial

orifice 88 arranged radially in the cylindrical insert body 70 but not necessarily orifice 88 arranged radially in the cylindrical insert body 70 but not necessarily

20 20 perpendicular tothe perpendicular to thelatter latter and in which and in whichisis housed housedthetheendend of of thethe injectornose injector nose 16 or the 16 or the spark plug 12. spark plug 12.

[54]

[54] Said Said orifice orifice88 88 connects theignition connects the ignition pre-chamber pre-chamber71 71 and/or and/or the the gas ejection gas ejection

conduit 76with conduit 76 withthe theexternal externalsurface surface of of thethe cylindricalinsert cylindrical insertbody body 70 70 while while a a seal can seal canbebeprovided provided between between the injector the injector radial radial orifice orifice 88 the 88 and andinjector the injector 25 25 nose 16which nose 16 whichtakes takes thethe form form of of a segment, a segment, a seal a seal or any or any otherother meansmeans known known

to those to those skilled skilled in in the the art, art, and andwhich whichprevents prevents any any leakage leakage of liquid of liquid or or gas gas between theignition between the ignitionpre-chamber pre-chamber 71 and/or 71 and/or theejection the gas gas ejection conduit conduit 76 and 76 and

the external surface of the cylindrical insert body 70. the external surface of the cylindrical insert body 70.

[55]

[55] ItItshould should also also be be noted that the noted that the injector injector radial radial orifice orifice88 88and and the the injector injectornose nose

30 30 16 mayconstitute 16 may constitutea a balljoint ball jointconnection connection allowing allowing a small a small angular angular clearance clearance

between saidorifice between said orifice 88 88and andsaid saidnose nose 16. 16.

11 25 Jun 2025

2025

[56]

[56] As As can be seen can be seenininFigures Figures1,1,2,2,5 5and and6,6, theignition the ignitioninsert insert with with an anactive activepre- pre-

2020276402 25 Jun chamber 1 according chamber 1 according to the to the invention invention comprises comprises at one at least leastinjector one injector laterallateral

well 73 well arrangedininthe 73 arranged thecylinder cylinderhead head 3 in 3 in one one or or more more parts parts according according to to the the arrangement arrangement ofof thematerial the materialofofthe thecylinder cylinderhead head3 3crossed. crossed.

55 [57]

[57] Said Said well well 7373 receives receives thethe injectornose injector nose body body 16 and, 16 and, as the as the casecase mayall may be, be,orall or part part of of the the other other constituents of the constituents of the injector injector 8, 8, or or the the spark spark plug 12. Said plug 12. Saidwell well 2020276402

73 connects 73 connectsthe theoutside outside ofof thecylinder the cylinderhead head 3 -3 -- that that is is to tosay say for forexample the example the

intake ductsofofthethe intake ducts internal internal combustion combustion engine engine 2 - with 2 - with the the insert insert well 72. well 72.

[58]

[58]IItItisistotobe be noted thatthethe noted that injector injector radial radial orifice orifice 88 is88 is aligned aligned with thewith the injector injector

10 10 lateral lateral well well 73 73 so so that that the the end of the end of the injector injector nose nose1616ororofofthe thespark sparkplug plug 12 12

opens intothe opens into theignition ignitionpre-chamber pre-chamber 71 and/or 71 and/or theejection the gas gas ejection conduit conduit 76 76 successively passingthrough successively passing through thethe injectorlateral injector lateralwell well73 73and andthe theinjector injectorradial radial orifice 88. orifice 88.

[59] It isistotobe

[59]lt be noted that the noted that the cylindrical cylindrical insert insert body 70 is body 70 is deemed deemed to to be be correctly correctly

15 15 indexed in rotation indexed in rotation relative relative to to the the cylinder cylinder head 3 when head 3 whenthe theinjector injectornose nose1616 is is

simultaneouslyhoused simultaneously housed in the in the injector injector lateralwell lateral well7373andand in in thethe injector injector radial radial

orifice orifice 88. 88.

[60] It Itis is

[60] also noted also that noted a seal that can a seal canadvantageously advantageouslybe be provided provided between the between the

injector injector lateral lateralwell well73 73and and the the injector injectornose nose 16, 16, said seal taking said seal taking the the form formof of aa 20 20 segment, segment, a aseal sealororany anyother otherknown known means means of those of those skilled skilled in the in the art,art, andand saidsaid

seal isolatingallallororpart seal isolating part of of the the interior interior of injector of the the injector laterallateral well 73well from 73 the from the

exterior ofthe exterior of thecylinder cylinder head head 3. 3.

[61]

[61] ItItwill willalso bebenoted also notedthat thatthe theinjector lateral injector well lateral 7373 well ononthe theone one hand, hand, and the and the

injector injector nose body1616or or nose body even even any any other other constituent constituent part part of injector of the the injector 8 on8 on

25 25 the other the other hand, hand,can canconstitute constitutea aball balljoint joint connection connectionallowing allowinga asmall small angular angular

clearance between clearance between said said lateralwell lateral well7373and and said said injector8.8. injector

[62]

[62] ItItisis to to bebenoted noted in inFigures Figures 1, 1, 55 and and 66 that that the the injector injector lateral lateral well well 73 73 can be can be

housed housed ininthe thefoundry foundryofofthe thecylinder cylinderhead head 3 at 3 at thethe intake intake ports ports of of the the internal internal

combustion engine combustion engine 2. This 2. This location location is slightly is slightly disturbing disturbing forflow for gas gasbutflow but 30 30 advantageous advantageous in in terms terms of of architecture. architecture.

12 25 Jun 2025

2025

[63] In this case, the inlet of the injector lateral well 73 can be provided so as to be

2020276402 25 Jun fairly deep fairly deep in in the the cylinder cylinder head sothat head so that only onlythe theinjector injector nose nosebody body16 16 passes passes

throughthe through theintake intake ports. ports.

[64]

[64] As seenininFigures As seen Figures 1 5, 1 to to the 5, ignition the ignition insert insert with active with active pre-chamber pre-chamber 1 1 55 according to the according to the invention invention comprises comprises clamping clamping means means whichwhich consist consist of at of at least least

one insert clamping one insert ferrule 74 clamping ferrule 74 which has aa ferrule which has ferrule outer outer thread thread 81 which 81 which 2020276402

cooperates withthe cooperates with thewell wellinner innerthread thread82. 82.

[65]

[65] The insert clamping The insert ferrule 74 clamping ferrule 74directly directly or or indirectly indirectly bears ona aclamping bears on clamping face face

84 for clamping 84 for clampingbybythe theferrule, ferrule,which whichthethecylindrical cylindricalinsert insert body body7070 exhibitsinin exhibits

10 10 order to directly order to directly or or indirectly indirectly maintain theinsert maintain the insert support supportsurface surface 80 80 of said of said

body 70pressed body 70 pressed against against thethe insertsupport insert support shoulder shoulder 79.79.

[66] Asshown

[66]As shownin in Figures Figures 1 to 1 to 5, 5, the the insertclamping insert clamping ferrule ferrule 7474 is is centrallybored centrally boredto to

allow allow the the spark plug 12 spark plug 12to to pass passthrough. through.

[67]

[67]IIt It willwill be noted that be noted thethe that insert clamping insert ferrule clamping 7474can ferrule canadvantageously havea a advantageously have

15 15 wrenchengaging wrench engaging section section allowing allowing it toit be to rotated be rotated in order in order to tighten to tighten it; said it; said

wrenchengaging wrench engaging section section can can consist consist of notches, of notches, orifices, orifices, orfemale or a a female or male or male

shape of any shape of any geometry geometry whatsoever complementarywith whatsoever complementary withaa shape shapepresented presentedby by a a tightening tightening wrench. wrench.

[68] Asshown

[68] As shownininFigures Figures 11 to to 5, 5, the the pre-chamber pre-chamber nose nose 75 75 can house aa can house 20 20 stratification valve stratification valve 13 whichisispressed 13 which pressed either either against against the ofend the end the of gasthe gas ejection ejection conduit 76 to conduit 76 to sealingly sealingly close close the the latter, latter, or or against against a a valve valve seat on the seat on the chamber side2121 chamber side to to form form with with the the gas gas ejection ejection conduit conduit 76 76 a pre-chamber a pre-chamber 23 for 23 for

ignition ignition by torch which by torch whichcommunicates communicates simultaneously simultaneously with with the the ignition ignition pre- pre- chamber71 71 chamber viavia thethe gas gas ejection ejection conduit conduit 76,the 76, on onone thehand, one and hand, withand the with the 25 25 combustion chamber combustion chamber 5 via 5 via the the gasgas ejection ejection orifice orifice 24, 24, on on thethe other other hand. hand.

[69] As

[69] explainedininpatent As explained patentapplication application No.No. FR 3FR 3 061 061 743 published 743 published on Julyon 13,July 13, 2018owned 2018 owned to the to the applicant, applicant, it isit noted is noted thatstratification that the the stratification valvevalve 13 is 13 is pressed against the pressed against the end end of of the the gas gas ejection ejection conduit conduit 76 76 when the pressure when the pressure prevailing prevailing in in the the combustion chamber combustion chamber 5 is 5 is greater greater than than thethe pressure pressure prevailing prevailing

30 30 in in the the ignition ignitionpre-chamber 71. pre-chamber 71.

13 25 Jun 2025

2025

[70]

[70]IIn Inthis thisparticular particular configuration configuration ofof thethe ignition ignition insert insert withwith an active an active pre-chamber pre-chamber

2020276402 25 Jun 11 according to the according to theinvention, invention, aamagnetic magnetic fieldsource field source44 44 cancan be positioned be positioned on on

the cylindrical the cylindrical insert insert body body7070 to to produce produce a magnetic a magnetic field tends field which whichtotends to maintain the stratification maintain the stratification valve valve 13 13 pressed againstthe pressed against theend endofofthe thegas gasejection ejection 5 5 conduit 76asasexplained conduit 76 explainedin in patent patent application application No.No. 18 18 58111 58111 dateddated September September

10, 2018owned 10, 2018 owned to the to the applicant. applicant. In this In this case, case, the the cylindrical cylindrical insert insert body body 70 70 2020276402

advantageously advantageously consists consists of of allororpart all part of of a a magnetic material43. magnetic material 43.

[71]

[71] As As shown shown ininFigures Figures1 1toto5,5,the themagnetic magnetic fieldsource field source 44 44 cancan be abe a permanent permanent

magnet magnet 5353 which which cancan be be fixed fixed by by no no mechanical mechanical meansmeans to the to the cylindrical cylindrical insertinsert 10 10 body 70and body 70 and can can remain remain in position in position on the on the latter latter only only because because of magnetic of its its magnetic sticking. sticking.

[72]

[72] Alternatively, Alternatively,the themagnetic magnetic field fieldsource source 44 mayconsist 44 may consistofofa acoil coilofofconductive conductive wire which wire whichproduces produces a magnetic a magnetic field field when when said said wire wire is crossed is crossed by anby an electric electric

current. This particular current. This particular configuration configurationmakes makes it possible it possible for example for example not to not to

15 15 return the stratification return the stratification valve valve 13 13 pressed againstthe pressed against theendend of of thethe gasgas ejection ejection

conduit 76during conduit 76 duringthethe cold cold start start of of thethe internal internal combustion combustion engine engine 2, which 2, which

makes makes itit possible possibletoto supply supplythe theignition ignition pre-chamber pre-chamber 71 71 with with a fuel a fuel mixture mixture notnot

by means by means of of the the injector8,8,but injector butdirectly directlybybythe thegas gasejection ejectionorifices orifices2424via viathe the gas ejection gas ejection conduit conduit 76, 76, said said mixture mixturecoming coming from from thethe combustion combustion chamber chamber 5. 5.

20 20 [73] As

[73]As illustrated illustrated in in Figures Figures 1 to1 5, to the 5, the gas gas ejection ejection conduit conduit 76becan 76 can madebe ofmade of magnetic material4343and magnetic material and form, form, at at itsitscontact contactwith withthe thestratification stratification valve valve 13, 13, aa gas ejection gas ejection tube tube89, 89,the theoutside outside diameter diameter of which of which is less is less than than that that of of said said valve 13, valve 13,said saidtube tube89 89 being being tightly tightly enclosed enclosed in a in a non-magnetic non-magnetic sleeve sleeve 85 85 made made ofofa anon-magnetic non-magnetic material material 50.50.

25 25 [74]

[74] TheThe non-magnetic non-magnetic sleevesleeve 85itmakes 85 makes it possible possible to preventtothe prevent the stratification stratification

valve 13 valve 13from fromgetting gettingacross across in in itsitshousing housing andand this, this, by by forcing forcing the the magnetic magnetic

flux produced flux bythe produced by themagnetic magnetic fieldsource field source44 44 to to generate generate field field lineswhich lines which areare

not paralleltotothe not parallel thestratification stratificationvalve valve13 13 on the on the periphery periphery of the of the latter. latter.

[75] It isistotobebenoted

[75]lt notedthat thatthe thenon-magnetic non-magnetic sleeve sleeve 85 85 can can be mainly made be mainly madeofof 30 30 copper whichhas copper which has a a high high thermal thermal conductivity, conductivity, andand be be mounted mounted tighttight by bracing by bracing

around the around the gas gasejection ejectiontube tube8989 to to ensure ensure maximum maximum thermal thermal cohesion cohesion

between itself and between itself said tube and said tube89. 89.

14 25 Jun 2025 2020276402 25 Jun 2025

[76] It isis further

[76]lt furthernoted noted that that the the stratification stratificationvalve valve13 13 may beflat may be flat to to form formaaplane plane seal contact with seal contact withthe theend endof of thethe gasgas ejection ejection conduit, conduit, which which avoids avoids locating locating

said valve1313 said valve radially radially unlike unlike a conical a conical seat seat does. does.

[77]

[77]Said Saidplanar planarcontact contactalso alsohas hasthe theadvantage advantage of of leaving leaving aa maximum cross- maximum cross-

55 section for the section for passageofofgases the passage gases with with the the samesame lift lift of the of the valve valve 13 when 13 when the the latter latterisisopen open 76, 76, that thatisistoto say saywhen when it itrests restson onthe thevalve valve seat seat on on the the chamber chamber 2020276402

side side 21 with which 21 with whichit it cooperates. cooperates.

[78]

[78] In Inaddition, addition,the theperiphery periphery of of the the stratification stratificationvalve 1313can valve can advantageously advantageously bebe

troncosphericand troncospheric andnotnot cylindrical, cylindrical, which which makes makes it possible it possible to prevent to prevent any any 10 10 jammingofofsaid jamming saidvalve valveininits its housing, housing,whatever whateveritsitsorientation orientation relative relative to to the the gas gas

ejection ejection tube tube 89 with which 89 with whichit it cooperates. cooperates.

[79]

[79] As As can beseen can be seenininFigures Figures 1 to5,5,the 1 to thestratification stratification valve valve 13 13can canbebe planar planar on on

its its two facessosothat two faces that itsits manufacture manufacture is simplified. is simplified.

[80]

[80]As As shown in Figures shown in Figures 11 to to 5, 5, the the pre-chamber pre-chambernose nose7575 cancan consist consist of of an an

15 15 attached nose9090 attached nose which which covers covers the ejection the gas gas ejection conduit conduit 76,gastheejection 76, the gas ejection orifice orifice24 24 being being arranged in said arranged in said attached attachednose nose90. 90.

[81] It is

[81]lt is noted that the noted that theattached attached nose nose 90 makes 90 makes it possible, it possible, if necessary, if necessary, to to introduce introduce aa stratification stratification valve valve13 13into intothe thepre-chamber nose7575asasprovided pre-chamber nose provided for for

in in the the patent patent application application No. No. FR FR 33 061 061743. 743.

20 20 [82]

[82] InIn thecase the case where where saidsaid valve valve 13 is13 is returned returned by a by a magnetic magnetic field source field source 44 as 44 as described inpatent described in patentapplication applicationNo. No.1818 58111, 58111, it ispossible it is possible to to choose choose for for the the

attached nose 90 attached nose 90a anon-magnetic non-magnetic material5050 material such such as copper as copper which which has has

furthermoreaahigh furthermore highthermal thermalconductivity. conductivity.

[83] It isisnoted

[83]lt noted that that the the attached nose9090can attached nose can be be mounted mounted tighttight by bracing by bracing around around

25 25 the gas the gasejection ejection tube tube8989totoensure ensure maximum maximum thermal thermal cohesion cohesion between between itself itself and saidtube and said tube89, 89,ororaround around said said tube tube 89 89 already already tightly tightly enclosed enclosed by aby a sleeve sleeve

85 madeofofa anon-magnetic 85 made non-magnetic material, material, as as shown shown in Figures in Figures 1, 2,1,4 2, 4 and and 5. 5.

[84] It isisalso

[84]lt alsototobe benoted noted in inFigures Figures 33 and 4 that and 4 that the the attached nose9090may attached nose may have have a a support flange9191which support flange which is is held held tight tight between between the insert the insert support support surface surface 80 80 30 30 and theinsert and the insertsupport support shoulder shoulder 79 when 79 when the cylindrical the cylindrical insert insert body 70body is 70 is correctly positioned correctly positioned in in thethe insert insert wellwell 72. 72.

15 25 Jun 2025

2025

[85]|According Accordingtotoananalternative alternativeembodiment embodiment of ignition of the the ignition insert insert with with an active an active

2020276402 25 Jun pre-chamber 1 of pre-chamber 1 of thethe invention invention particularly particularly understandable understandable in Figures in Figures 1, 2,1,5 2, 5

and 6, aa space and 6, space forming forming an an insert insert cooling cooling water water chamber 86 can chamber 86 canbebeformed formed between thecylindrical between the cylindricalinsert insertbody body70 70 and and the insert the insert well well 72, cooling 72, cooling water water

5 5 coming forexample coming for example from from thethe cylinder cylinder head head 3 which 3 which can circulate can circulate in said in said water water

chamber 86. chamber 86. 2020276402

[86]

[86]IItIt is istotobebenoted in Figures noted in Figures 1 1 toto 5 5 that that at at least least oneone well well seal seal 26 can26 be can be provided provided

placed between placed between thethe cylindrical cylindrical insert insert body body 70 the 70 and andinsert the insert well well 72 72 which which

prevents coolingwater prevents cooling waterfrom from exitingoutside exiting outside thethe cylinder cylinder head head 3 while 3 while at least at least

10 10 one other one otherseal seal prevents preventssaid saidwater waterfrom from entering entering the the combustion combustion chamber chamber 5. 5.

[87]

[87] ItItisis also noted also notedthat thatthe theinjector injectorlateral well lateral 7373may well may consist consist of of aa perforated perforated or or

non-continuous bore non-continuous bore which which communicates communicates along along its its with length length at with leastat least one one

cylinder cylinder head coolingwater head cooling waterchamber chamber 41 which 41 which comprises comprises the cylinder the cylinder head 3. head 3.

This particular This particular configuration configuration allows allows the the insert insert well well72 72 to tocommunicate withsaid communicate with said 15 15 water chamber water 41. chamber 41.

[88]

[88] In Inthis thiscase caseand and as as shown in Figures shown in Figures1,1, 2, 2, 55 and and6, 6, the the injector injector nose body1616isis nose body

immersed immersed forfor part part of of itsitslength lengthin inthethe cooling cooling water water contained contained in said in said water water

chamber 41.According chamber 41. According to this to this particularalternative particular alternativeembodiment embodiment of the of the ignition ignition

insert insert with with an active pre-chamber an active pre-chamber according according to the to the invention, invention, the the diameter diameter of of 20 20 the injector the injector lateral lateralwell well73 73can can advantageously advantageously bebe provided provided significantlylarger significantly larger than that than that of of the the injector injectornose nose 16 16 which it houses which it sothe houses so thecooling coolingwater watercan can pass pass

freely around said nose 16 to enter or exit the insert well 72. freely around said nose 16 to enter or exit the insert well 72.

[89]

[89] It lt is is noted in this noted in thisrespect respect that that advantageously, advantageously, the injector the injector lateral lateral well well 73 can 73 can

pass right through pass right the insert through the insert well well 72 72 to to allow allow cooling cooling water water to to circulate circulatebetween between

25 25 said well said well 72 72 and andatatleast leasttwo twocylinder cylinderhead head cooling cooling water water chambers chambers 41 41 which which comprises thecylinder comprises the cylinderhead head3.3.

[90]

[90] As anotheralternative As another alternative embodiment embodiment of ignition of the the ignition insert insert withwith an active an active pre- pre-

chamber1 1 chamber according according to to thethe invention invention which which is particularly is particularly visibleininFIGS. visible FIGS.2 2 toto

5, 5, the the insert insertclamping clamping ferrule ferrule 74 74 can bear on can bear onthe the clamping clampingface face8484 forclamping for clamping 30 30 by the ferrule, by the ferrule, by by means ofaarestraint means of restraint spring spring 87, 87, the the latter latterguaranteeing on the guaranteeing on the one hand,anan one hand, effortto tomaintain effort maintain the the insert insert support support surface surface 80 on 80 theon the insert insert

16 25 Jun 2025 Jun 2025

support shoulder support shoulder7979 approximately approximately constant constant and, and, on theon the hand, other other ahand, good a good seal seal between saidsurface between said surface8080 and and said said shoulder shoulder 79, 79, in allcircumstances. in all circumstances.

[91]

[91]IIt It is advantageously is advantageously noted noted that that the the restraint restraint spring spring 87 can be 87 can bedesigned designedas as at at

least least one well-known"Belleville" "Belleville" washer, washer,ororat at least least one wavyspring springwasher. washer. 2020276402 25

one well-known one wavy

55 [92]

[92] ItItis is also also noted notedthat thatthe therestraint restraint spring spring 87 87 can canmake makeit it possible possible to to replace replace thethe 2020276402

well internal well internal thread 82 and thread 82 andthe theferrule ferruleexternal externalthread thread8181 by by a simple a simple groove groove

arranged in the arranged in the insert insert well well 72 andinin which 72 and whichisis housed housed a stop a stop junction junction part,said part, said junction part junction part bearing bearing in in said said groove on the groove on the one onehand hand andand on the on the insert insert

clamping ferrule 74 clamping ferrule 74on onthe theother otherhand. hand.

10 [93] It is 10 [93]lt is to to be be noted noted that that such such an anassembly assemblyrequires requiresa apress presstotocompress compress thethe

restraint restraint spring spring 87 87 during during assembly assembly ofofthe thestop stopjunction junctionpart. part.

[94]

[94] In InFigure Figure 5, 5,it it has been has beenshown that the shown that the insert insert support support surface 80 can surface 80 candirectly directly or or

indirectly indirectlyform form aa ball balljoint jointconnection connection with with the the insert insertsupport support shoulder 79 while shoulder 79 while the cylindrical insert body 70 forms directly or indirectly a ball joint connection the cylindrical insert body 70 forms directly or indirectly a ball joint connection

15 15 with the with the clamping means clamping means 74.74.

[95]

[95] This particularconfiguration This particular configuration of the of the ignition ignition insert insert with with an an active active pre-chamber pre-chamber 1 1 according according totothe theinvention inventionallows allows thethe cylindrical cylindrical insert insert body body 70betofreely 70 to be freely oriented relative to the cylinder head 2. oriented relative to the cylinder head 2.

[96] As shown

[96]As shownininFigure Figure5,5,the theinsert insert support support surface surface 80 80 can canfor forexample examplebe be 20 20 troncosphericalinin relief, troncospherical relief, while the insert while the insert support supportshoulder shoulder79 79 cancan be hollow be hollow

conical. conical.

[97]

[97] Figure Figure 55 also also illustrates illustratesthat thethe that clamping clampingmeans 74can means 74 canbear bearononthe thecylindrical cylindrical insert insert body body 70 70 by meansofofa aball-joint by means ball-joint sliding slidingwasher washer92 92which which can can move move

radially radially either relative to either relative the cylindrical to the cylindrical insert insert body body70,70, or or relative relative to the to the

25 25 clamping means clamping 74. means 74.

[98]

[98] According to aaparticular According to particularembodiment embodiment of ignition of the the ignition insert insert with with active active pre- pre-

chamber 1 according chamber 1 according to invention to the the invention also in also shown shown in the FIG. 5, FIG.ball-joint 5, the ball-joint sliding sliding washer 92can washer 92 canhave, have, on on thethe oneone hand, hand, a planar a planar contact contact surface surface facingfacing

the cylindrical the cylindrical insert insertbody body 70, 70, and on the and on the other other hand, hand,a ahollow hollowconical conicalhousing housing 30 30 facing the facing the clamping clampingmeans means74,74, which which housing housing cooperates cooperates with awith a troncospheric troncospheric

17 25 Jun 2025

2025

relief reliefshape that have shape that have said saidmeans means 74, 74, saidsaid conical conical housing housing and said and said

2020276402 25 Jun troncosphericshape troncospheric shape forming forming a balljoint a ball jointconnection. connection.

[99]

[99] As As shown shown ininFigure Figure5 5andand as as an an alternative alternative embodiment embodiment of theof the ignition ignition insertinsert

with an with an active active pre-chamber pre-chamber 1 according 1 according to invention, to the the invention, the ball-joint the ball-joint sliding sliding

55 washer9292 washer cancan be flexible be flexible and and form form a restraint a restraint springspring 87 avoids 87 which which the avoids the loosening loosening of of the the clamping clamping means 74and means 74 andguarantees guarantees thepressing the pressingforce forcefor for 2020276402

pressing the insert pressing the insert support support surface surface 80 on the 80 on the insert insert support support shoulder shoulder 79 79 whateverareare whatever thethe differences differences in thermal in thermal expansion expansion betweenbetween the cylindrical the cylindrical

insert insert body 70 and body 70 andthe theinsert insert well well 72 whichhouses 72 which houses it. it.

10 [100]It is 10 [100] It is to to be be noted noted thatthat it is it is thethe axial axial compression, compression, torsion torsion andand radial radial

expansion of the expansion of the ball-joint ball-joint sliding sliding washer washer 92give 92 which which the give latterthe the latter the attributes attributes

of of a restraintspring a restraint spring87.87.

[101]

[101] ItIt will will also also be noted inin Figure be noted Figure 55that that the thepre-chamber pre-chambernose nose 75 75 may may comprise comprise aa pre-chamber pre-chambernose nose seal seal 93 made 93 made for example for example of elastomeric of elastomeric

15 15 material, material, said said seal seal 93 93 providing a seal providing a seal between thecombustion between the combustion chamber chamber 5 and5 and

the insert the insert cooling cooling water chamber water chamber 86, 86, said said seal seal 93 93 being being protected protected fromfrom flames flames

and hot gases and hot present in gases present in the the combustion combustion chamber chamber 55 by by aa pre-chamber pre-chambernose nose fire segment fire 94. segment 94.

[102]

[102] In In Figures Figures 5 and 5 and 6, 6, it ithas has also also been been shown shown that that the the injector injector nose nose 16 can 16 can be be 20 20 kept pressedininthe kept pressed theinjector injectorradial radial orifice orifice 88 andagainst 88 and againstthe thecylindrical cylindricalinsert insert body 70bybyelastic body 70 elastic clamping clampingmeans means 95 which 95 which bear bear oninjector on the the injector 8 on 8 onone the the one hand, andononthe hand, and thecylinder cylinderhead head3 3 onon the the other other hand. hand.

[103]

[103] According According to this to this particular particular configuration, configuration, thethe endend of the of the injector injector nosenose 16 16 can advantageously can advantageously be be troncospherical troncospherical and rest and rest in a in a conical conical seat seat arranged arranged in in 25 25 the cylindrical insert body 70, at the injector radial orifice 88. the cylindrical insert body 70, at the injector radial orifice 88.

[104]

[104] AsAs a particularembodiment a particular embodiment of the of the ignitioninsert ignition insertwith withananactive activepre- pre- chamber 1 according chamber 1 according toinvention to the the invention illustrated illustrated in Figure in Figure 6, the elastic 6, the elastic

clamping means clamping means 95 may 95 may consist consist of a flange of a flange 96 which 96 which bears bears on on the injector the injector 8 8 on the one on the onehand, hand,and and which which is is connected connected to the to the cylinder cylinder head head 3 by3 at byleast at least oneone

30 30 flange screw flange screw9797ononthe theother otherhand. hand.

18 25 Jun 2025 25 Jun 2025

[105] Onsaid

[105] On saidFigure Figure6,6,it itcan canbe be seen seen thatthat flange flange springs springs 98 can 98 can advantageously advantageously be be inserted inserted between between the the flange flange 96 the 96 and andheads the heads of theofflange the flange screws 97,said screws 97, saidsprings springs9898 possibly possibly being being “Belleville” "Belleville" washers washers known known per se, per se,

or helical springs, or helical springs,ororbebe of of anyany typetype knownknown toskilled to those those in skilled in the art. the art.

[106] OPERATION 55 [106] OPERATIONOFOF THE THE INVENTION: INVENTION: 2020276402

2020276402

[107]

[107] TheThe operation operation of the of the ignition ignition insertwith insert withanan activepre-chamber active pre-chamber 1 according 1 according

to the to the invention invention can easily be can easily understoodininview be understood viewofofFigures Figures1 1toto6,6,which whichshow show a non-limiting exemplary a non-limiting embodiment exemplary embodiment of of the the invention, invention, other other alternative alternative

embodiments being embodiments being possible. possible.

10 10 [108]

[108] As in As seen seen in Figures Figures 1, 5, 1, 2 and 2 and the 5, the cylindrical cylindrical insertinsert body body 70 70 of of the the ignition ignition

insert insert with an active with an active pre-chamber pre-chamber 1 mounts 1 mounts in theininsert the insert wellthe72,latter well 72, the latter having beenprovided having been provided instead instead of the of the spark spark plugplug wellwell of the of the cylinder cylinder headhead of a of a

conventional sparkignition conventional spark ignition engine. engine.

[109]

[109] Here, Here, an insert an insert wellwell 72 has 72 has been been arranged, arranged, the diameter the diameter of whichof atwhich the at the 15 15 cylindrical cylindrical insert insertbody 70 is body 70 is twenty-four twenty-fourmillimeters. millimeters.ItIt will will be notedthat be noted thatthis this mounting can mounting can also also be be provided provided in place in place of the of the injector injector wellwell of aofconventional a conventional diesel diesel engine. engine.

[110]

[110] According According to the to the non-limiting non-limiting example example setinout set out in Figures Figures 1 to 1 to 5, the5,spark the spark plug is intentionally plug is intentionallycompact. compact. It Itcan can for forexample beaaspark example be sparkplug plugofofthe the"Iridium "Iridium 20 20 Performance IY24" type Performance IY24" type from fromthe the"Denso" "Denso"company company which which has has a thread a thread of of

eight eight millimeters millimetersinindiameter diameterand andaa hexagonal hexagonal wrench engagingsection wrench engaging sectionofof thirteen millimeters. thirteen millimeters.

[111]

[111] It Itcan can be be seen seen in Figures in Figures 1 to 15 to 5 that, that, as anas an alternative alternative embodiment, embodiment, the the ignition ignition insert insertwith withactive activepre-chamber pre-chamber 11according accordingtotothe theinvention inventionreceives receives a a

25 25 stratification stratificationvalve valve13 13 kept kept pressed at rest pressed at rest against against the the end endofofthe thegas gasejection ejection duct 76 by duct 76 by aa magnetic magneticfield fieldproduced producedby by a magnetic a magnetic field field source source 44.44.

[112]

[112] ForFor achieving achieving the the assembly assembly shownshown in Figures in Figures 1, 2, 41,and 2, 5, 4 and the 5, the cylindrical cylindrical

insert insert body body 70 received aa non-magnetic 70 received non-magneticsleeve sleeve8585 which which waswas braced braced by by

temperaturedifference temperature differenceonon thethe gasgas ejection ejection tubetube 89, then, 89, and and then, the assembly the assembly

30 30 was covered was covered with with an an attached attached nose nose 90 90 also also mounted mountedbybybracing, bracing, the the stratification valve stratification valve13 13having having been previously introduced been previously introducedinto into said said nose nose90. 90.

19 25 Jun 2025 Jun 2025

[113]

[113] Thisdone, This done,the thecylindrical cylindrical insert insert body body 70 has been 70 has beenintroduced introducedinto into the the insert insert well well 72 shownininFigures 72 shown Figures 1, 1, 2 and 2 and 5 until 5 until itsits insertsupport insert support surface surface 80 80

comes intocontact comes into contactwith withthe theinsert insertsupport support shoulder shoulder 79 79 via via the the support support gasket gasket

2020276402 25 25 and, 25 and,according accordingto to thisnon-limiting this non-limitingexemplary exemplary embodiment, embodiment, via a support via a support

55 collar collar 91 whichthe 91 which theattached attached nose nose 90 exhibits. 90 exhibits. Then, Then, said said body body 70 has70 has been been

rotated about rotated about its its longitudinal longitudinal axis axis until until the injector the injector radial radial orificeorifice 88 be 88 thereof thereof be 2020276402

aligned withthethe aligned with injector injector lateral lateral well well 73 arranged 73 arranged in the in the cylinder cylinder head 3. head 3.

[114]

[114] Then, Then, the the injector injector nose nose 16 introduced 16 was was introduced intoinjector into the the injector lateral lateral well well 73 73 until until said said nose 16bebeinserted nose 16 inserted in in thethe ignitionpre-chamber ignition pre-chamber 71 at71 at desired the the desired 10 10 depth. depth.

[115]

[115] It Itisisto to be benoted notedthat thataccording accordingtotothe theembodiment embodiment of the of the ignition ignition insert insert with with

active active pre-chamber 1 according pre-chamber 1 according to the to the invention invention shown shown in Figures in Figures 1 to 1 to 6, the6, the

injector injector lateral lateralwell well73 73 is is oriented oriented perpendicular to the perpendicular to theaxis axisofofthe thecylindrical cylindrical insert insert body 70.This body 70. Thisorientation orientation is is provided provided herehere only only byofway by way of example. example.

15 15 Indeed, the Indeed, the injector injector lateral lateral well well 73 and 73 and the injector the injector radialradial orificeorifice 88 with88 withitwhich it which

cooperates can cooperates can be be freely freely oriented oriented relative relative to to thethe axis axis of of thethe cylindricalinsert cylindrical insert body body 7070 so so that that said said wellwell 73 does 73 does not interfere, not interfere, or interfere or interfere asaslittle as little as possible, possible,

with the with essential components the essential components of of thethe cylinder cylinder head head 3, and 3, and doesdoes not disturb, not disturb, or or disturb aslittle disturb as little as possible,thethe as possible, operation operation of said of said components. components.

20 [116]OnceOnce 20 [116] thesethese elements elements areplace, are in in place, the the restraintspring restraint spring8787was was placed placed inin

the insert the insert well well 72 followed by 72 followed bythe theinsert insertclamping clamping ferrule74, ferrule 74,the thelatter latterhaving having been screwedtotoa a been screwed predetermined predetermined torque torque to ensure to ensure the the pressure pressure sought sought

contact between contact between the the insertsupport insert support surface surface 80 80 andand the the insert insert support support shoulder shoulder

79, via 79, via the the support gasket 25 support gasket 25and andthe thesupport support flange flange 91. 91.

25 [117]The The 25 [117] insert insert cooling cooling water water chamber chamber 86 that 86 that forms forms the the space space between between the the

cylindrical insertbody cylindrical insert body70 70 and and the insert the insert well well 72 has72 to has to be be noted in noted Figuresin1,Figures 2, 1, 2, 5 5 and 6. Said and 6. Said chamber chamber86 86 allows allows - according - according to atoparticular a particular embodiment embodiment of the of the

ignition insert with ignition insert withactive activepre-chamber pre-chamber 1 according 1 according to the invention to the invention - to cool the - to cool the

cylindrical insertbody cylindrical insert body70.70.

30 30 [118]

[118] Indeed, Indeed, in fact, in fact, the combustion the combustion of thecharge of the pilot pilot 9charge in the 9 in the pre- ignition ignition pre- chamberreleases chamber releasesheat heatwhich whichheats heats thethe cylindrical insert cylindrical insert body body 70. 70. InIn the the absence absence ofofsufficient sufficient cooling, cooling, the thetemperature temperatureof of said said body body 70 could 70 could become become

20 25 Jun 2025 2020276402 25 Jun 2025

excessive while thanks excessive while thankstotothethe insertcooling insert cooling water water chamber chamber 86, said 86, said

temperatureisismaintained temperature maintainedatat anan acceptable acceptable value. value.

[119]

[119] Moreover, Moreover, the the insert insert cooling cooling water water chamber chamber 86cools 86 also also the cools gasthe gas ejection ejection

conduit 76,the conduit 76, thegas gas ejection ejection tube tube 89, 89, the the non-magnetic non-magnetic sleeve sleeve 85, and 85, the and the

55 attached nose90.90.ToTo attached nose this this end, end, thethe non-magnetic non-magnetic sleeve sleeve 85 and85 and the the attached attached

nose 90can nose 90 canadvantageously advantageously be made be made of alloyed of alloyed copper, copper, this material this material havinghaving a a 2020276402

high thermalconductivity. high thermal conductivity.Thus, Thus,and and thanks thanks to said to said highhigh conductivity, conductivity, heatheat is is

efficiently efficientlyexported exported from the pre-chamber from the pre-chambernosenose 75 in75 in which which theejection the gas gas ejection orifices orifices 24 24 are are arranged, up to arranged, up to the the insert insert cooling cooling water water chamber 86. chamber 86.

10 10 [120]

[120] It isIttois be to noted be noted thatembodiment that the the embodiment of the ignition of the ignition insertanwith insert with an active active pre-chamber 1 according pre-chamber 1 according to the to the invention invention which which has been has been described described herein herein is is non-limiting. In particular, non-limiting. In particular, the theignition ignitioninsert insertwith with active active pre-chamber pre-chamber 1 1 according according totothe theinvention invention is is intended intended for for all all active active pre-chambers, pre-chambers, with orwith or

without aa stratification without stratification valve 13 and valve 13 andwith withor or without without magnetic magnetic return return of of said said 15 15 valve 13. valve 13.

[121]

[121] It Itwill willalso alsobebe noted noted thatthat the ignition the ignition insert insert with with active active pre-chamber pre-chamber 1 1 according according totothe theinvention invention cancan be applied be applied to other to other fields fields than than the the internal internal

combustion engines, such combustion engines, suchasas to to gasgas nailers,guns, nailers, guns, or or anyany other other device device

requiring requiring the firing ofofaamain the firing main charge bymeans charge by means ofpilot of a a pilot charge charge withwith the the bestbest

20 20 possible efficiency. possible efficiency.

[122]

[122] Thepossibilities The possibilities of of the the ignition ignition insert insert with with an active pre-chamber an active pre-chamber1 1 according to the according to theinvention inventionare arenot notlimited limitedtoto the the applications applicationswhich whichhave have been been

described herein and described herein anditit should shouldmoreover moreoverbe be understood understood thatthat the the above above

description has description hasbeen been provided provided only only by way by way of example of example and and that it that in noit way in no way 25 25 limits limits the field of the field the said of the said invention inventionfrom from which which one would one would not by not depart depart by replacing the execution replacing the executiondetails details described describedbybyany anyother otherequivalent. equivalent.

[123]

[123] In In thisspecification, this specification,where where reference reference has has beenbeen made made to to external external sourcessources

of information, including of information, includingpatent patentspecifications specificationsandand other other documents, documents, this isthis is

generally for the generally for purposeofofproviding the purpose providinga acontext context fordiscussing for discussing thethe features features of of

30 30 the present the presentinvention. invention. Unless Unless stated stated otherwise, otherwise, reference reference to such to such sources sources of of information is not information is not to to be beconstrued, construed,in in anyany jurisdiction,asas jurisdiction, an an admission admission that that

21 25 Jun 2025 Jun 2025

such sourcesofofinformation such sources information areare prior prior artororform art form part part of of the the common common general general

knowledge knowledge ininthe theart. art.

[124]

[124] As As used used herein herein the term the term “and/or” "and/or" means means "and" or“and” "or",or or“or”, both.orThe both. termThe term “comprising” as used in this specification means “consisting at least in part of”. 2020276402 25

"comprising" as used in this specification means "consisting at least in part of".

55 Wheninterpreting When interpretingstatements statements in in thisspecification this specificationwhich which include include that that term, term, thethe

features prefaced features prefacedbybythat thatterm term in in each each statement statement all need all need to betopresent, be present, but but 2020276402

the other the other features features can canalso alsobebepresent. present.Related Related terms terms suchsuch as “comprise” as "comprise" and and “comprised”are "comprised" aretotobebeinterpreted interpretedininthe thesame same manner. manner. The entire The entire disclosures disclosures

of of all allapplications, applications,patents patentsand and publications, publications, cited cited above andbelow, above and below,ifif any, any, are are 10 10 hereby incorporatedbybyreference. hereby incorporated reference.

22 25 Jun 2025

2025

CLAIMS CLAIMS 2020276402 25 Jun

1. Aninternal 1. An internal combustion combustionengine enginecomprising comprisinga cylinder a cylinderhead head which which capscaps a a cylinder cylinder to to form form with with a a piston piston a a combustion chamber combustion chamber into into which which a main a main charge charge

55 can beintroduced, can be introduced, said said cylinder cylinder headhead housing housing an ignition an ignition prechamber prechamber into into 2020276402

whichopen which openout outa aspark spark plug plug andand an an injector injector tiptip ofofatatleast leastone oneinjector injector and andinto into which aa pilot which pilot charge charge can canbebeintroduced, introduced,said saidprechamber prechamber being being ableable to to communicate withthe communicate with thecombustion combustionchamber chamber successively successively viavia a gas a gas ejection ejection

duct and via duct and via at at least least one one gas gasejection ejection orifice orifice which opensout which opens outinto into said said 10 10 chamber bymeans chamber by meansof of a prechamber a prechamber tip,tip, comprising comprising an an ignitioninsert ignition insertwith with active active prechamber, comprising: prechamber, comprising:

• at least one at least oneinsert insertwell wellprovided provided in in thethe cylinder cylinder headhead and having and having

fixing means, fixing saidwell means, said wellopening opening out,onon out, thethe oneone hand, hand, to the to the outside outside

of the cylinder of the cylinder head head via viaananinsert insertintroduction introduction orifice orifice of of large large 15 15 diameter, and,on diameter, and, onthe theother otherhand, hand,into intothe thecombustion combustion chamber chamber via avia a

prechamber prechamber tiptiporifice orifice of of smaller smallerdiameter, diameter,said saidtwo two diameters diameters being being

connected connected totoeach each other other byby anan insertbearing insert bearing shoulder; shoulder;

• at at least least one cylindrical insert one cylindrical insert body consistingofofone body consisting oneor or more more parts parts

and in which and in whichinin particular particular the the ignition ignition prechamber andthe prechamber and thegas gas 20 20 ejection ejection duct are arranged, duct are arranged, said said body bodybeing being housed housed with with little little

clearance in the clearance in theinsert insert well, well, being beingindexed indexedininrotation rotationrelative relativetoto the the cylinder cylinder head, head, and ending with and ending with the the prechamber prechambertip tip which whichpasses passes throughthe through theprechamber prechamber tip orifice, tip orifice, while while saidsaid body body has anhas an insert insert bearing surfacewhich bearing surface which bearsbears directly directly or indirectly or indirectly on the on the insert insert

25 25 bearing shoulder, bearing shoulder,

• at at least least one insert spark one insert sparkplug plugwell wellarranged arranged in in thethe cylindrical cylindrical insert insert

body, parallel to body, parallel to the the axis axis of of said said body or forming body or forming aaclosed closedangle anglewith with respect to said respect to said axis axis and andatatthe thecentre centreororclose close to to thethe centre centre of of said said

body, said spark body, said sparkplug plugwell wellopening opening out, out, on on thethe oneone hand, hand, at the at the end end

30 30 of of the the cylindrical cylindricalinsert body insert bodywhich which is isaxially axiallyopposite oppositethe theprechamber prechamber

23 25 Jun 2025 Jun 2025

tip, and, tip, and, on on the other hand, the other hand,into into the theignition ignition prechamber, prechamber, said said spark spark

plug wellreceiving plug well receivingthethe ignition ignition spark spark plug plug or theor the injector injector tip; tip;

• at leastone at least one radial radial injector injector orifice orifice arranged arranged radially radially in the cylindrical in the cylindrical 2020276402 25

insert insert body butnot body but notnecessarily necessarily perpendicular perpendicular to latter to the the latter and in and in

55 whichthe which theend endof of thethe injector injector tiptiporor the the spark spark plug plug is housed, is housed, said said orifice orifice connecting theignition ignition prechamber prechamber and/or the ejection gas ejection 2020276402

connecting the and/or the gas

duct withthe duct with theexternal external surface surface of cylindrical of the the cylindrical insertinsert body; body;

• at least one at least oneinjector injector side side well well provided provided in theincylinder the cylinder head, head, said wellsaid well

receiving the body receiving the bodyof of the the injector injector tip tipor orthe thespark sparkplug plug and and connecting connecting

10 10 the outside the outside of of the the cylinder cylinder head headwith withthethe insertwell insert wellwhile while the the radial radial

injector orifice is injector orifice is aligned alignedwith with said said wellwell so that so that theofend the end the of the injector injector

tip or tip or the the spark plug opens spark plug opens intothethe into ignitionprechamber ignition prechamber and/or and/or the the gas ejection duct gas ejection ductbybysuccessively successively passing passing through through the injector the injector side side

well and the radial injector orifice; well and the radial injector orifice;

15 15 • clamping means clamping means cooperating cooperating with with the fixing the fixing meansmeans in to in order order holdto hold

directly or indirectly directly or indirectlythe theinsert insertbearing bearing surface surface of theofcylindrical the cylindrical insert insert

body pressedagainst body pressed against the the insertbearing insert bearingshoulder; shoulder;

• wherein the wherein the prechamber prechambertiptiphouses houses a lamination a lamination valve valve which which is is pressed eitheragainst pressed either againstthe theendend of of thethe gas gas ejection ejection ductduct to seal to seal the the

20 20 latter, latter,ororagainst against aa valve valve seat seat on the chamber on the chamber side side to to form, form, with with thethe

gas ejection duct, gas ejection duct, aa torch torchignition ignition prechamber prechamber which which simultaneously simultaneously

communicates, communicates, on on thethe oneone hand, hand, withwith the the ignition ignition prechamber prechamber via the via the

gas ejection gas ejection duct, duct, and, on the and, on the other other hand, hand,with withthe thecombustion combustion chamber viathe chamber via thegas gasejection ejectionorifice; orifice;

25 25 • and further comprising and further comprisingat atleast least oneone magnetic magnetic fieldfield source source which which is is positioned onthe positioned on thecylindrical cylindricalinsert insertbody, body, said said source source producing producing a a magnetic field which magnetic field tends to which tends to keep keep the the lamination lamination valve valve pressed pressed against the end against the endofofthethe gasgas ejection ejection duct, duct, the the latter latter consisting consisting of aof a

magnetic materialand magnetic material andforming forming at at itscontact its contactwith withthe thelamination laminationvalve valve 30 30 a gasejection a gas ejectiontube tubethe theouter outerdiameter diameter of which of which is less is less thanthan that that of of

24 25 Jun 2025

2025

said valve, said valve, said tube being said tube being enclosed enclosedinina anon-magnetic non-magnetic sleeve sleeve

2020276402 25 Jun consisting of aa non-magnetic consisting of material. non-magnetic material.

2. The 2. The internalcombustion internal combustion engine engine according according to claim to claim 1, wherein 1, wherein the pre-chamber the pre-chamber

tip consists tip of an consists of anadded addedtip tip which which caps caps theejection the gas gas ejection conduit, conduit, the gas the gas 55 ejection orificebeing ejection orifice being arranged arranged in said in said added added tip. tip. 2020276402

3. The 3. The internalcombustion internal combustion engine engine according according to claim to claim 1, wherein 1, wherein a space a space formingforming

an insert cooling an insert water chamber cooling water chamberis is formed formed between between the cylindrical the cylindrical insert insert bodybody

and theinsert and the insertwell. well.

4. The 4. The internalcombustion internal combustion engine engine according according to claim to claim 1, wherein 1, wherein the injector the injector side side 10 10 well consists well consists of of a a perforated perforated or or non-continuous bore non-continuous bore which which communicates communicates over over its its length length with with at at least leastone one cylinder cylinder head coolingwater head cooling waterchamber chamber comprised comprised in in the cylinder the cylinder head. head.

5. Theinternal 5. The internal combustion combustionengine engine according according to claim to claim 1, wherein 1, wherein that that the the

clamping means clamping means consist consist of least of at at least one one insert insert clamping clamping ferrule ferrule which which has a has a

15 15 ferrule external ferrule threadcooperating external thread cooperating with with the the insert insert wellwell fixing fixing means means which which consist consist ofofanan inner inner well well thread, thread, said said ferrule ferrule being pierced being pierced at itstocenter at its center allow to allow

the spark the spark plug plug pass passthrough. through.

6. Theinternal 6. The internal combustion combustionengine engineaccording according to to claim claim 5, 5, wherein wherein the the insert insert

clamping ferrule is clamping ferrule is supported supported on on aa ferrule ferrule clamping face by clamping face bymeans meansof of a a

20 20 compression spring. compression spring.

7. Theinternal 7. The internal combustion combustionengine engineaccording according to to claim claim 1, 1, wherein wherein the the insert insert

bearing surfacedirectly bearing surface directly or or indirectly indirectly forms forms aaball ball joint joint with the insert with the insert bearing bearing

shoulder while shoulder while the the cylindrical cylindrical insert insert body body directly directly or indirectly or indirectly forms a forms a ball joint ball joint

with the with the clamping means. clamping means.

25 8. 8.TheThe 25 internal internal combustion combustion engine engine according according to to claim claim 7, 7, wherein wherein thethe clamping clamping

means bear means bear on the on the cylindrical cylindrical insert insert bodybody by means by means of a sliding-swiveling of a sliding-swiveling

washerwhich washer which cancan movemove radially radially eithereither with respect with respect to the to the cylindrical cylindrical insert insert

body, or with body, or with respect to the respect to the clamping means. clamping means.

25 25 Jun 2025 Jun 2025

9. Theinternal 9. The internal combustion combustionengine engineaccording accordingtotoclaim claim8,8,wherein whereinthe thesliding- sliding- swiveling washerisisflexible swiveling washer flexible and formsaacompression and forms compression spring. spring.

10. Theinternal 10. The internal combustion combustionengine engine according according to claim to claim 1, wherein 1, wherein the the injector injector tiptip is is 2020276402 25

held pressed held pressed in the in the injector injector radial radial orifice orifice and against and against the cylindrical the cylindrical insert body insert body

55 by elastic clamping by elastic means clamping means which which bear, bear, on one on the the hand, one hand, on the on the injector, injector, and and on the other other hand, hand,on onthe thecylinder cylinderhead. head. 2020276402

on the

11. Theinternal 11. The internalcombustion combustion engine engine according according to 10, to claim claim 10, wherein wherein the elastic the elastic

clamping means clamping means consist consist of aofflange a flange whichwhich bears bears on the on the injector injector on the one on the one

hand, and which hand, and whichisis connected connectedtotothe thecylinder cylinder head headbybyatatleast least one oneflange flange 10 10 screw onthe screw on theother otherhand. hand.

WO wo 2020/229775 2020/229775 PCT/FR2020/050790 PCT/FR2020/050790 1/5

[Fig.

[Fig. 1] 1]

2

78

72 72 53 44

12

3

74

at as

76 16

to 73 73

43 71 50

8 75 75 it 77 41 S $

13

30 O 31

WO wo 2020/229775 PCT/FR2020/050790 2/5

[Fig. 2]

12

72 72 3

41 44

53 53 81 82 in 41

84 74 87

26 83 86 91 16

to 43

to 88 31 71 St 73 25 25 80 80 73 7s 85 So 76 23 23 21 89 21 77 24 24 5

4

30 30

so 50 75 30 go 13 31 13 43

WO wo 2020/229775 PCT/FR2020/050790

3/5

[Fig. 3]

53

I / 12

74 be 81

to 26 26

43

80 44 43 so So 50 91 51 89 89 13

24 87

84 84 16

76 76 85 88

90 75

[Fig. 4]

12 44 74 74 81 53 81 I / to 70 26 71

43

25

21 so 90 so 83 13 24 87 87

R 84 84

88 88

16

75 15 76 91 23 24 85

43 89

WO wo 2020/229775 PCT/FR2020/050790 4/5

[Fig. 5]

2

I 78

87 3 3 92 12 12 72 84 26 74 74 44 53

XIII 83

79 79

80 80 73 73 8 43

to 70 86 71 71 & 41 GI ** so 50 93

96

95

go 94 5 13 13 16 4 76 75 31 30 24

WO 2020/229775 PCT/FR2020/050790 5/5 5/5

[Fig. 6]

22 43 to 3 to I 9

+6 76

71 H 86 41 41

73

16 98 96 98

95 97 97 It