AU2024203136B2 - Decentralized system for identification, authentication, data encryption, cloud and distributed cluster computing - Google Patents

Abstract

#$%^&*AU2024203136B220250911.pdf##### Abstract Decentralized system for identification, authentication, data encryption, cloud and distributed cluster computing is disclosed within this document referred to as ‘VirtEngine’. The system provides a secure and verifiable way to establish and verify the identity of individuals and entities within a blockchain network as well as protect and encrypt sensitive data. These systems can be particularly useful for applications such as online marketplaces, where it is important to ensure the identity of participants and protect sensitive data. VirtEngine employs a mobile app that enables users to verify their identity and authenticate through document uploads, biometric sensors, facial recognition, and web-based scopes such as single sign-on, email verification, and SMS verification. The system also uses data encryption to ensure sensitive data is not stored on the public ledger and can only be accessed by authorized user accounts. VirtEngine also powers a Distributed Cluster Computing network and its own Cloud Marketplace system, allowing compute providers to convert computing power into tradeable currencies while allowing consumers to purchase computing power via Cloud Services, High Performance Compute, and other integrations. Abstract Decentralized system for identification, authentication, data encryption, cloud and distributed cluster computing is disclosed within this document referred to as 'VirtEngine'. The system provides a secure and verifiable way to establish and verify the identity of individuals and entities within a blockchain network as well as protect and encrypt sensitive data. These systems can be particularly useful for applications such as online marketplaces, where it is important to ensure the identity of participants and protect sensitive data. VirtEngine employs a mobile app that enables users to verify their identity and authenticate through document uploads, biometric sensors, facial recognition, and web-based scopes such as single sign-on, email verification, and SMS verification. The system also uses data encryption to ensure sensitive data is not stored on the public ledger and can only be accessed by authorized user accounts. VirtEngine also powers a Distributed Cluster Computing network and its own Cloud Marketplace system, allowing compute providers to convert computing power into tradeable currencies while allowing consumers to purchase computing power via Cloud Services, High Performance Compute, and other integrations. 45 Figure 2A: 20 24 20 31 36 1 1 Ju l 2 02 4 45 Figure 2A: 2024203136 11 Jul 2024 VirtEngine Identification System (VEID) Facial Document Document Camera PhotoRegistration Compare photo ID Verification Recognition Scan Upload Abstraction with Upload Confirmation Validates by checking Al System to Databases abstract key such as document info Government Photo from and Public ID Records Authentication Biometric Login Single Sign on 2 Factor (SSO) Authentication Facial Recognition Fingerprint facebook Microsoft Isername and SMS Password SMS Verification Email Verification VEID AI Document Mobile Windows Hello Comparison Application System

Description

45

Figure Figure 2A: 11 Jul 2024 2024203136 11 Jul 2024

2A:

VirtEngine Identification System (VEID)

Facial Document Document Camera Photo Compare photo ID 2024203136

Registration Recognition Verification Upload Abstraction with Upload Scan Confirmation

Validates by checking

Al System to Databases abstract key such as document info Government Photo from and Public ID Records

Authentication

Biometric Login Single Sign on (SSO) 2 Factor Authentication

Facial Fingerprint Recognition Microsoft facebook

Isername and Password SMS SMS Verification Email Verification

VEID AI Document Mobile Application Windows Hello Comparison System

Decentralized systemfor foridentification, identification, authentication, authentication,data dataencryption, encryption,cloud cloud 11 Jul 2024 2024203136 11 Jul 2024

Decentralized system

and distributed computing and distributed computing

TECHNICALFIELD TECHNICAL FIELD

The following The following implementation implementation generally generally relatestotodecentralized relates decentralizedcomputing, computing, distributed distributed 2024203136

computing, cloud computing, cloud computing, computing, identification identification utilizing utilizing artificial artificial intelligence intelligence technologies technologies and and methods methods forforintegrating integratingsuch suchtechnologies technologieswithin withinananenclosed enclosed decentralized decentralized system. system.

BACKGROUND BACKGROUND OFOF THEINVENTION THE INVENTION

The following The following references referencesand anddescriptions descriptionsofofprior prior proposals proposalsor or products productsthat thatfollow followare arenot not intended intended to to be, be, and and should shouldnot notbebeunderstood understood as,as, statements statements or or admissions admissions of commonly of commonly known information known information infield. in the the field. Specifically, Specifically, the discussion the discussion ofart of prior prior art that that follows follows does not does not

relate relate to to what what isiscommonly known commonly known or or understood understood by experts by experts in the in the field, field, butbut rather rather helps helps toto clarify clarify the innovativeaspect the innovative aspect of the of the present present invention, invention, which includes which includes identifying identifying relevant relevant

prior art proposals prior art proposalsasas oneone aspect. aspect.

AI-based Identification: Al-based Identification:

• Facial recognition:AIAIsystems Facial recognition: systemscan can be trained be trained to recognize to recognize and individuals and identify identify individuals based ontheir based on their facial facial features. features.ThisThiscan canbebedone done through the use through the use ofof machine learning machine learning

algorithms that analyse algorithms that analyse images imagesand andcompare compare themthem to ato a database database of known of known

individuals. individuals.

• Biometric identification: Biometric identification: AI AI systems systems can can be betoused used to identify identify individuals individuals based on based their on their

unique physical unique physical characteristics, characteristics, suchsuch as fingerprints, as fingerprints, iris scans, iris scans, or facial or facial recognition recognition

data. data. • Document Validity:AIAISystems Document Validity: Systemscan canbebeused usedto to identifyand identify andvalidate validatedocument document authenticity authenticity such as ID such as ID Cards, Cards, Passports, Passports, andand other other legal legal identity identitydocuments. documents.

Blockchain: Blockchain: • The use The useofof distributed distributed ledger ledger technology to create technology to create aa decentralized decentralizedand andtamper-proof tamper-proof record of transactions. record of transactions.

• The use The useofof cryptographic cryptographictechniques techniquestotosecure securethe thedata dataononthe theledger ledgerand and ensure ensure thethe

integrity of the transaction record. integrity of the transaction record.

• The use The useofof consensus consensusalgorithms algorithmstotovalidate validateand andadd addnewnew transactions transactions to tothethe ledger. ledger.

Cloud Cloud Computing: Computing: • Theuse The useofofvirtualized virtualized resources resources and services and services to provide to provide scalablescalable and flexible and flexible

computing capabilities over computing capabilities overthe theinternet. internet. • The use The useofof resource resourcepooling poolingand andallocation allocationmechanisms mechanisms to to enable enable users users to to access access and payfor and pay for only only the the computing resources computing resources they they need. need.

• The use of software as a service (SaaS), platform as a service (PaaS), and 11 Jul 2024 2024203136 11 Jul 2024

The use of software as a service (SaaS), platform as a service (PaaS), and

infrastructure infrastructure asas a a service service (IaaS) (laaS) model model to enable to enable users users to to different access access different levels of levels of

computing resources computing resources and and capabilities. capabilities.

Distributed Distributed Computing: Computing: • The use The useofof distributed distributed systems systems to to enable enablemultiple multiplecomputers computers to to work work together together on aon a common task. common task. • The use The useofof message messagepassing passingand and communication communication protocols protocols to enable to enable the exchange the exchange of of 2024203136

data and coordination data and coordinationbetween between thethe computers. computers. • The use The useofof algorithms algorithmsand andtechniques techniquesfor forfault fault tolerance, tolerance, load load balancing, balancing, and and resource allocation to resource allocation to enable the system enable the systemtoto handle handlefailures failures and and maintain maintain performance. performance.

Supercomputers: Supercomputers: • Supercomputers Supercomputers areare typicallydesigned typically designed with with specializedhardware specialized hardware andand software software architectures that architectures that allow allow them to perform them to performtheir theirtasks tasks at at high high speeds. This can speeds. This include can include specialized microprocessors, specialized memory microprocessors, memory systems, systems, andand interconnects. interconnects. • Supercomputers Supercomputers often often useuse parallelcomputing parallel computing techniques techniques to distribute to distribute tasks tasks across across multiple multiple processors. This can processors. This can include include techniques suchas techniques such as message messagepassing, passing,shared shared memory, memory, and anddistributed distributed memory. memory. • Supercomputers Supercomputers often often require require specialized specialized data data management management systemssystems to handle to handle the the large amounts large amounts of data of data that that they they generate. generate. This canThis can distributed include include distributed file systems, file systems,

data warehouses,and data warehouses, and data data lakes. lakes. • Supercomputers Supercomputers areare often often used used forfor high high performance performance computing computing (HPC) (HPC) applications, applications,

whichrequire which requirethe theprocessing processingofoflarge large amounts amountsofofdatadataininreal real time. time. HPC HPCapplications applications can includesimulations, can include simulations,datadata analysis, analysis, and other and other tasks tasks that that require require fast processing fast processing

speeds. speeds.

Current Limitations with Current Limitations with Background Background Techniques Techniques used used in these in these technologies: technologies:

(1) (1) Traditional Traditional Cloud Cloud Computing relies on Computing relies onCentralized CentralizedEntities Entities toto build build and and manage their manage their

Cloud Computing Cloud Computing services, services, resulting resulting in a Single in a Single Point Point of of failure failure and riskand risk of data of data

loss/downtime. loss/downtime.

(2) (2) Decentralized Systemsdodonot Decentralized Systems notprovide providea amethod methodforfor Identifying Identifying and and Verifying Verifying users users

for KYC for KYC (Know YourCustomer) (Know Your Customer) regulations regulations required required by by mostmost government government agencies agencies

whendealing when dealingwith withfinance. finance. (3) (3) Decentralized Computing Decentralized Computing through through Blockchain Blockchain doesdoes not not offeroffer access access to HPC, to HPC, instead instead

relies reliesonon users users to toimplement customcode implement custom code such such as as Smart Smart Contracts Contracts to to access access compute power offered by Blockchains. compute power offered by Blockchains.

(4) Distributed (4) Distributed Computing Computing isis dependent dependent on on centralized centralized entitiestotomanage entities manage andand deploy deploy the network. the network. (5) (5) Supercomputers Supercomputers rely relyononCentralized Centralizedentities entitiestotodeploy deployand andmanage manage infrastructure. infrastructure.

(6) (6) Distributed Distributed Computing networks Computing networks areare limited limited byby network network interconnection interconnection between between

nodes thusmaking nodes thus makingthemthem unsuitable unsuitable forfor certain certain real-time real-time useuse cases. cases.

4

(7) (7) Supercomputers are limitedbybyphysical physicalinfrastructure infrastructureconstraints, constraints, however, however,provide provide 11 Jul 2024 2024203136 11 Jul 2024

Supercomputers are limited higher networkinterconnection higher network interconnection between between compute compute nodesnodes compared compared to Distributed to Distributed Computing. Computing. (8) (8) There are no There are no publicly publicly commercially available Distributed commercially available Distributed Computing Computing systems, systems,

Folding@Home Folding@Home is an is an example example of anof existing an existing Distributed Distributed Computing Computing systemsystem howeverhowever access is limited access is limitedtotospecific specificScientists Scientists andand Research Research Organizations Organizations within within the Proteinthe Protein Folding Folding space. space. (9) (9) There are no There are no publicly publicly commercially available Supercomputers commercially available Supercomputers thatthat cancan be be rented rented by by 2024203136

anyone, anyone, thetheonly onlyavailable available systems systemsare arereserved reservedfor forscientists scientists andand researchers researchers such such as as Summit, Sierra and Summit, Sierra andFrontera Fronterasupercomputers. supercomputers. (10) (10) Supercomputers Supercomputers require require tremendous tremendous CAPEXCAPEXfunds funds to implement to implement and deploy.and deploy. (11) (11) Cloud Computing Cloud Computing can can provide provide a limited a limited alternativetotosupercomputer alternative supercomputer capabilities, capabilities,isis limited limited by bythethe amount amountof ofhardware hardware that that can can bebe deployed deployed and and dedicated dedicated for for HPC HPCtasks. tasks. (12) (12) Blockchain Blockchain Proof Proofof of Work Worknetworks networks such such as as Bitcoin Bitcoin areareinherently inherentlyextremely extremely wasteful on wasteful oncomputing computing capacity. capacity. (13) (13) Cloud Computing Cloud Computing servicescan services can bebe underutilized,thus underutilized, thusleading leadingtotowasted wasted computing capacity due to the requirements of providers needing additional computing capacity due to the requirements of providers needing additional

capacity capacity implemented implemented to to dealwith deal withsurges surges inindemand. demand. (14) (14) Consumer Consumer computecompute devices devices suchsuch as mobile as mobile andcomputing and PCs PCs computing capacities capacities are are often underutilized often underutilized as as devices devices arealways are not not always actively actively used to used their to their full full computing computing

extent. extent. (15) (15) Blockchain Blockchain isisa adecentralized, decentralized, distributed distributed ledger ledger technology technology that allows that allows

multiple partiestotosecurely multiple parties securely record record and verify and verify transactions transactions without without theaneed for a the need for

central authority.ItItuses central authority. usesa adistributed distributed database database that consists that consists of a series of a series of blocks,of blocks, each containing each containing a listofoftransactions. a list transactions. TheseThese transactions transactions are verified are verified and addedandto added to

the blockchain the blockchain through througha aprocess processknownknown as as consensus, consensus, which which involves involves multiple multiple nodes (computers)onon nodes (computers) thethe network network agreeing agreeing on the on the validity validity of of thethe transaction.While transaction. While blockchain blockchain can can be be usedused to process to process and storeanddata, storeitdata, is notit aistype not ofa type of decentralized decentralized

computingininthe computing thesame same way way that that distributed distributed computing computing or supercomputing or supercomputing are. are. Distributed Distributed computing computing involvesinvolvesusingusingmultiple multiplecomputers computers to to work work on on a single a single task, task,

whereasexisting whereas existingblockchain blockchaintechnologies technologiesuse usea adecentralized decentralizednetworknetwork of of computers computers

to record and verify transactions. to record and verify transactions.

2024203136 11 Jul 2024

SUMMARY OF THE SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION INVENTION VirtEngine is a decentralized system for identification, authentication, data encryption, VirtEngine is a decentralized system for identification, authentication, data encryption,

distributed distributed computing andcloud computing and cloudcomputing. computing. The VirtEngine The VirtEngine(100) (100) identification identification system utilizes the system utilizes the Cosmos SDKblockchain Cosmos SDK blockchain platform platform andand

TensorFlowmachine TensorFlow machine learning learning algorithms algorithms to to score score users users on on a scale a scale from from 0 to 0 to 100, 100, where where 0 is0 is 2024203136

an unknown an unknown identityand identity and 100 100 is isa acompletely completely verifieduser. verified user. VirtEngine (100) VirtEngine (100) employs employsa amobile mobileapp app thatenables that enables users users to to verifytheir verify their identity identity and and

authenticate throughdocument authenticate through document uploads, uploads, biometric biometric sensors, sensors, facial facial recognition, recognition, andand web- web- based scopessuch based scopes suchasassingle single sign-on, sign-on, email verification, and email verification, and SMS verification. The SMS verification. The mobile mobile app app uses uses the the camera camera to tocapture captureimages images ofof identitydocuments identity documents andandthe the user's user's faceface forfor biometric biometric

and facialrecognition. and facial recognition. TheThe system system then utilizes then utilizes multiple multiple types oftypes ofNetworks Neural Neuralutilizing Networks utilizing Tensorflowinin order Tensorflow orderto to implement implement FacialRecognition, Facial Recognition,Comparisons, Comparisons, andand Analysis Analysis of data of data collected collected totoverify verifythe theidentity identityof of users. users. This This allows allows VirtEngine VirtEngine (100) (100) to to recognize recognize a user's a user's

identity through identity through an an automated, automated, artificially artificially intelligent intelligent algorithm. algorithm.

For For authentication, authentication, VirtEngine (100) offers VirtEngine (100) offers multiple multiple options options including including ledger ledger accounts and accounts and

non-custodial key management, non-custodial key management, which which can can be linked be linked to password-less to password-less authentication authentication systems suchasasGoogle, systems such Google,Facebook, Facebook, and and Microsoft Microsoft single single sign-on. sign-on. Creating Creating newnew accounts accounts generates generates aa mnemonic mnemonic seed, seed, which which can can be used be used to login to login to various to various wallets wallets andand manage manage theirtheir account. Genesisaccounts account. Genesis accountshave havepermissions permissions to to access access thethe admin admin portal portal andand nominate nominate service providers, support staff, and other administrators, as well as disable standard user service providers, support staff, and other administrators, as well as disable standard user

accounts accounts toto prevent preventfraud fraudand andmanage manage thethe platform. platform.

To ensure sensitive data is not stored on the public ledger, VirtEngine (100) uses data To ensure sensitive data is not stored on the public ledger, VirtEngine (100) uses data

encryption basedononthird encryption based thirdparty partypublic public keys. keys. Only Only the the intended intendedrecipients recipientscancandecrypt decryptthe the information using their private keys. Sensitive data includes order information, ID information using their private keys. Sensitive data includes order information, ID

documents, support documents, support requests, requests, resource resource details,account details, account settings,and settings, andowned owned organizations. organizations. Only authorized Only authorized user user accounts accounts can access can access thisand this data, data, and it is it is encrypted encrypted in transit in transit and and at rest. at rest.

VirtEngine (100) VirtEngine (100) also also includes includes a a decentralized decentralized Cloud Marketplace(103) Cloud Marketplace (103)that thatallows allowsusers userstoto rent rent out out their their computing resourcestotothe computing resources thenetwork. network.TheThemarketplace marketplace integrates integrates thethe SLURM SLURM workloadmanager workload manager andand deploys deploys it across it across nodes nodes within within Kubernetes Kubernetes clusters. clusters. As the As the marketplace grows,more marketplace grows, more resources resources will will bebe availablefor available forthe thedecentralized decentralizedSLURM SLURM clusters. clusters.

Blockchain computing Blockchain computing allowsforforthe allows therunning runningofofparallel parallel codebases codebasesacross acrossmultiple multiple independent nodes, enabling independent nodes, enablingautomated automated deployment deployment of of SLURM workload nodes SLURM workload nodes and and adding adding themtotoexisting them existing clusters clusters to to build buildthe thelargest largestglobal decentralized global decentralizedSLURM compute SLURM compute

marketplace. marketplace.

A Golang-based A Golang-basedmodule module with with support support for for thethe SLURM SLURM workload workload manager manager is used is toused to manage manage the deployment the deployment ofof workloads workloads across across thethe decentralized decentralized nodes. nodes. The The module module includes includes a library a library

of of pre-configured SLURM pre-configured SLURM workloads workloads thatthat cancan be deployed be deployed on demand, on demand, as wellasas well as support support for for custom workloads.The custom workloads. The module module alsoalso includes includes a billingsystem a billing system thattracks that tracksthe theuse useofof resources andgenerates generatesinvoices invoicesfor forthe theusers userswho whohave have rented outout theircomputing computing 11 Jul 2024 2024203136 11 Jul 2024 resources and rented their resources. resources.

VirtEngine (100) provides a secure and verifiable way to establish and verify the identity of VirtEngine (100) provides a secure and verifiable way to establish and verify the identity of

individuals andentities individuals and entities within within a blockchain a blockchain network. network. It offers It offers a range aof range of for options options for identification identificationandand authentication, authentication, including including document uploads,biometric document uploads, biometricsensors, sensors,facial facial recognition, recognition, and web-basedscopes. and web-based scopes.ItItalso alsouses usesdata dataencryption encryptiontotoensure ensuresensitive sensitivedata dataisis not not stored on the stored on the public public ledger ledger and can only and can only be be accessed accessedbybyauthorized authorizeduseruseraccounts. accounts. The The decentralized cloud marketplace marketplace(103)(103)allows allowsusers userstotorent rentout outtheir theircomputing computing resources 2024203136

decentralized cloud resources

and deployworkloads and deploy workloads acrossa adecentralized across decentralized network network of of nodes. nodes.

Traditional Cloud Traditional Cloud Computing reliesononaaCentralized Computing relies CentralizedModel Modelofof computing, computing, there there is is a a large large CAPEX fundexpenditure CAPEX fund expenditure required required to to build build andand deploy deploy Data-center Data-center Facilitiestotostore Facilities storeand and compute data.InIntoday's compute data. today’sworld, world,consumer consumer computing computing devices devices are quite are quite common common and in and highin high supply. supply. Many consumer Many consumer computing computing devices devices utilize utilize an exceedingly an exceedingly small small portion portion of their of their CPU/Memory/Storage capacity CPU/Memory/Storage capacity whichwhich couldcould be repurposed be repurposed to deliver to deliver Distributed Distributed

Computing. Computing. ByByrepurposing repurposing common common consumer consumer computing computing electronics electronics to powertoa power a Decentralized Computing Decentralized Computing cluster- –users cluster userscan canachieve achieveanan efficientmodel efficient modeltoto utilize High utilize High VolumeDistributed Volume DistributedComputing. Computing. A Decentralized A Decentralizedand anddistributed distributedcloud cloudcomputing computing model model alsoalso provides provides benefits benefits such such as aas a shared economy, shared economy, minimal minimal latency latency use-cases, use-cases, andand no single no single point point of of failurebybydistributing failure distributing Network, Computing, Network, Computing, andand Storage Storage services services across across a decentralized a decentralized platform. platform.

Advantageous Advantageous Effects Effects ofof Invention Invention

1. 1. Removes dependence Removes dependence of human of human interaction interaction on user on user sign sign up process up process

2. 2. Includes Includes redundancies providingaarobust redundancies providing robustplatform platformfor forinfrastructure infrastructure services services 3. 3. Copes with power Copes with powersupply supplyfailures. failures. 4. Copes 4. with network Copes with networksupply supplyfailures. failures. 5. 5. Copes with Copes with infrastructure infrastructure supply supply failures. failures.

6. 6. Provides Provides anan infinitelyscalable infinitely scalable infrastructure infrastructure platform platform for compute for compute andassets. and physical physical assets. 7. 7. Provides Provides anan identification identification platform platform for sensitive for sensitive transactions. transactions.

8. 8. Provides Provides a a robust robust encryption methodology encryption methodology to to secure secure communications communications

9. 9. Provides Provides a a robust robust identification identificationmethodology toauthorize methodology to authorizetransactions transactions 10. 10. Provides Provides users users with with access access to to financial financialinstitutions institutionssuch asascurrency such currencyexchange exchange and and

holdings holdings

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BRIEF BRIEF DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION OF OF THE THE DRAWINGS DRAWINGS

Figure Figure 1: 1: The The overall overall architecture architectureof ofVirtEngine VirtEngine(100) (100)Protocol, Protocol,includes includeshow how systems systems

interact interact with with each each other other through API’s and through API's andService Service Mesh. Mesh. Figure 2:The Figure 2: Theoverall overallarchitecture architecture of VirtEngine of VirtEngine Identification Identification System System

Figure Figure 3: 3: Includes Includes aascreenshot screenshot of of how the Dashboard how the Dashboard lookslike. looks like. 2024203136

Figure Figure 4: 4: Includes Includes aascreenshot screenshot of of how Public Offerings how Public Offerings overview canbebeadded. overview can added. Figure Figure 5: 5: Includes Includes aascreenshot screenshot of of how Public Offerings how Public Offerings descriptions descriptions can can be added. be added.

Figure Figure 6: 6: Includes Includes aascreenshot screenshot of of how Public Offerings how Public Offerings management management cancan be added. be added.

Figure Figure 7: 7: Includes Includes aascreenshot screenshot of of how Public Offerings how Public Offerings accounting components accounting components cancan be be

added. added.

Figure Figure 8: 8: Includes Includes aascreenshot screenshot of of how Public Offerings how Public Offerings accounting planscan accounting plans canbe beadded. added. Figure Figure 9: 9: Includes Includes aascreenshot screenshot of of the the Offering Offering Review. Review.

Figure 10:Includes Figure 10: Includes a screenshot a screenshot of anof an offering offering being edited. being edited.

Figure Figure 11: 11: Includes Includes aa screenshot of the screenshot of the Global Global Cloud Marketplace. Cloud Marketplace.

Figure Figure 12: 12: Includes Includes aa screenshot screenshot of of an an example Offeringthat example Offering thathas hasbeen beenadded addedto to the the

marketplace. marketplace.

Figure Figure 13: 13: Includes Includes aa screenshot screenshot of of an an offering offering being being purchased. purchased.

Figure Figure 14: 14: Includes Includes aa screenshot screenshot of of a a deployed Resource. deployed Resource.

Figure 15:Includes Figure 15: Includes a screenshot a screenshot ofOrder of the the Order DetailsDetails of a resource. of a resource.

Figure Figure 16: 16: Includes Includes aa screenshot screenshot of of aa mobile mobile application application designed for VirtEngine designed for VirtEngine Identification. Identification.

Figure 17:Includes Figure 17: Includes a screenshot a screenshot of Multi-Factor of Multi-Factor Authentication Authentication in action.in action.

Figure Figure 18: 18: Includes Includes diagrams of the diagrams of the Waldur Architecture. Waldur Architecture.

Figure Figure 19: 19: Includes Includes diagrams of the diagrams of the Waldur SLURM Waldur SLURM Diagrams. Diagrams.

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DETAILED DETAILED DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION OF OFEMBODIMENTS EMBODIMENTS

Glossary Glossary::

VirtEngine, VE, VirtEngine, VE, 100: Refers to 100: Refers to the the complete VirtEngine(100) complete VirtEngine (100)application. application. VirtEngine Blockchain, VirtEngine Blockchain,VEVEBlockchain, Blockchain,101: 101:Refers Referstotothe thecustom custom builtblockchain built blockchainthat that contains the VirtEngine contains the VirtEngine (100) (100) system. system. 2024203136

Cosmos SDK, Cosmos SDK, Cosmos, Cosmos, 102: 102: Refers Refers to the to the open open source source blockchain blockchain framework framework known as known as Cosmos SDK(102) Cosmos SDK (102) VirtEngine Cloud VirtEngine CloudMarketplace, Marketplace,VE VE Cloud Cloud Marketplace, Marketplace, VECMP, VECMP, 103: Refers 103: Refers to the to the VirtEngine Cloud VirtEngine CloudMarketplace Marketplace module module thatthat integrates integrates with with thethe VirtEngine VirtEngine Waldur Waldur system. system.

VirtEngine Identification, VirtEngine ID, VE Identification, VEID, 105: Refers to the VirtEngine Identification, VirtEngine ID, VE Identification, VEID, 105: Refers to the

VirtEngine Identification system handling User Sign ups, Identification, Verification, and VirtEngine Identification system handling User Sign ups, Identification, Verification, and

Authentication. Authentication.

VirtEngine Supercomputer, VirtEngine Supercomputer, VE VE Supercomputer, Supercomputer, VESC, VESC, 106: Refers 106: Refers to the to the VirtEngine VirtEngine Supercomputer system Supercomputer system that that utilizesDistributed utilizes DistributedComputing Computing to enable to enable HighHigh Performance Performance Compute. Compute.

VirtEngine Waldur, VirtEngine Waldur,VEVEWaldur, Waldur, Waldur, Waldur, 107:107: Refers Refers to the to the Open Open Source Source Waldur Waldur Cloud Cloud Marketplace system. Marketplace system.

Tensorflow,118: Tensorflow, 118:Refers Referstotothe theopen-source open-source machine machine Learning Learning platform platform built built by Google by Google called called Tensorflow. Tensorflow.

OpenStack, 127:Refers OpenStack, 127: Referstotothe theopen-source open-source Cloud Cloud Management Management Platform Platform known as known as

OpenStack. OpenStack.

Kubernetes, K8s,128: Kubernetes, K8s, 128:Refers Referstotothe theopen-source open-source Container Container Orchestration, Orchestration, Management Management and and SLURM, 135,136: SLURM, 135, 136:Refers Referstotothe theopen-source open-source High High Performance Performance Compute Compute platform platform known as known as SLURM (Simple SLURM (Simple Linux Linux Utilityfor Utility for Resource ResourceManagement). Management). The chosen The chosentools toolsto to build build VirtEngine VirtEngine (100) (100) are are not not aa necessity, necessity, they they are are interchangeable and interchangeable and have alternative have alternative systems systems that that can can be beinused used in place. place. The The tools tools that aid that aid in the in building building the VirtEngine (100) VirtEngine (100) system systemareareas as follows: follows: Python, Golang,Cosmos Python, Golang, Cosmos SDKSDK (102), (102), Waldur, Waldur,

Kubernetes, SLURM, Kubernetes, SLURM, OpenStack, OpenStack, Tensorflow. Tensorflow. Alternative Alternative systems systems that that canused can be be used instead instead

are as follows: are as follows:

Python/Golang – Any Python/Golang - Any high-level high-level programming programming language language such such as C#,asNodeJS, C#, NodeJS, C++, Java, C++, Java, and and

many more. many more.

Cosmos Cosmos SDKSDK (102) (102) – Any - Any blockchain blockchain framework framework that that supports supports Proof-Of-Stake Proof-Of-Stake such as such as

Substrate (Polkadot), EOS, Substrate (Polkadot), andvarious EOS, and variousopen-source open-sourceblockchains. blockchains. A A blockchain blockchain could could also also bebe

built from scratch. built from scratch.

Waldur,107 107- –Building Buildingaasimilar similar Cloud Marketplacesystem system as as well asas it’s User User Interface Interface or or 11 Jul 2024 2024203136 11 Jul 2024

Waldur, Cloud Marketplace well it's implementing theCloud implementing the Cloud Marketplace Marketplace system system within within the blockchain the blockchain modules modules and integrating and integrating with systems with systemssuch suchasasOpenStack OpenStack directly. directly.

Kubernetes, 128- –Alternatives Kubernetes, 128 Alternativesinclude includesimple simpleDocker Docker images images or or Infrastructure Infrastructure management management systems suchasasChef systems such Chefand andAnsible. Ansible. SLURM, 135,136 SLURM, 135, 136 – Alternativesinclude - Alternatives includeMOAB MOAB HPC HPC Suite, Suite, The The Portable Portable BatchBatch System, System, Open Open Grid Grid Scheduler, Kubernetesand Scheduler, Kubernetes andother other systems systems that that support support scheduling scheduling computing computing tasks. tasks. 2024203136

OpenStack, 127- –Alternatives OpenStack, 127 Alternativesinclude includeVMWare, VMWare, OpenNebula, OpenNebula, and CloudStack and CloudStack and anyand any system that supports system that supportsvirtualization virtualization such as KVM, such as OpenVZ, KVM, OpenVZ, Xen, Xen, Hyper-V Hyper-V etc. etc.

Tensorflow- –Alternatives Tensorflow Alternativesinclude includeMachine Machine Learning Learning algorithms algorithms that that support support MTCNN MTCNN and and other NeuralNetworks other Neural Networks such such as as PyTorch, PyTorch, Keras, Keras, Caffe,MXNet, Caffe, MXNet,andand Darknet. Darknet.

The VirtEngine The VirtEngine(100) (100)system systemdescribed described includes includes the the following following components: components:

• VirtEngine Blockchain VirtEngine Blockchain101, 101,powered poweredby by Cosmos Cosmos SDK (102). SDK (102). Provides Provides a proof-of-stake a proof-of-stake

and blockchainbase and blockchain basefor forcustomization customizationand and development development of necessary of necessary modules. modules.

• VirtEngine cloud VirtEngine cloudmarketplace, marketplace, 103, 103, powered powered by Waldur by Waldur (107), (107), whichwhich allows allows usersusers to to purchase cloudservices purchase cloud servicesfrom fromproviders. providers. • VirtEngine Identification VirtEngine Identification system, 105,powered system, 105, poweredby by TensorFlow TensorFlow ML, ML, which which allows allows users toverify users to verifytheir theiridentities identitiesinina adecentralized decentralized system system to provide to provide trust and trust and

validation when using the marketplace. validation when using the marketplace.

• VirtEngine tokens, VirtEngine tokens,104, 104,which whichcan canbebeused used toto purchase purchase services services on on thethe marketplace marketplace or or exchanged forfiat exchanged for fiat currency throughCryptocurrency currency through Cryptocurrency Exchanges. Exchanges.

• Waldur,107, Waldur, 107,aahybrid hybridcloud cloudmanagement management system system that that supports supports a variety a variety of cloud of cloud

computing integrationsand computing integrations andhas hasa amodular modular design. design.

• VirtEngine supercomputer, VirtEngine supercomputer, 106, 106, a decentralized a decentralized network network of nodes of nodes that that utilizes utilizes thethe SLURM workload SLURM workload manager manager to operate to operate as a as a distributed distributed supercomputer. supercomputer.

• Authenticationoptions Authentication optionsinclude includeledger ledgeraccounts accounts and and non-custodial non-custodial keykey management, management,

whichcan which canbebelinked linkedto to password-less password-lessauthentication authenticationsystems. systems. Authorization Authorization methods methods

include include MultiFactor Authenticationtotoachieve MultiFactor Authentication achieveadditional additionalaccount accountsecurity. security. • Data encryptionisis based Data encryption basedononthird-party third-partypublic public keys, keys, used usedtoto secure secure sensitive sensitive data data

such as order such as information, ID order information, ID documents, documents,support support requests, requests, and and more. more.

VirtEngine Identification VirtEngine Identification System System The VirtEngine ID system is a decentralized identity solution that utilizes blockchain The VirtEngine ID system is a decentralized identity solution that utilizes blockchain

technology to securely store and verify identity information. It allows users to create, technology to securely store and verify identity information. It allows users to create,

manage, manage, andandcontrol controltheir theirown owndigital digitalidentity, identity, which can be which can be used usedtotoaccess accessvarious variousonline online services andresources. services and resources. The The VirtEngine VirtEngine ID system ID system is built is onbuilt onatop top of of a decentralized, decentralized, open- open-

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source blockchainplatform, platform,which whichensures ensures thatthe theidentity identityinformation informationisisstored storedinin aa secure secure 11 Jul 2024 2024203136 11 Jul 2024

source blockchain that and transparentmanner. and transparent manner. The VirtEngine The VirtEngineID ID system systemconsists consistsof of several several components, components, including: including:

1. IdentityWallet: 1. Identity Wallet: ThisThis is digital is a a digital wallet wallet thatthat allows allows usersusers to store to store and their and manage manage their digital digital identity information, identity information, such such as personal as personal details, details, documents, documents, and credentials. and credentials.

Thewallet The walletisissecured secured by abyprivate a private key, key, whichwhich only only the the user hasuser hasto.access to. access

2. IdentityVerification: 2. Identity Verification: This This is ais process a process thatthat verifies verifies the authenticity the authenticity and accuracy and accuracy of of 2024203136

the identity the identity information information provided provided by bythetheuser. user. This This can can be donethrough be done throughvarious various methods, methods, suchsuchasasfacial facial recognition, recognition, document verification, and document verification, andbiometric biometric authentication. authentication. 3. Identity Services: 3. Identity Services: These These areare online online services services and and resources resources thatthat use use the the VirtEngine VirtEngine ID ID system system toto verify verify and and authenticate authenticate the identity the identity of users. of users. These services These services can include can include online online banks, banks, e-commerce platforms, e-commerce platforms, andand government government agencies. agencies. 4. Identity 4. Identity Network: Network:ThisThisisis the the decentralized decentralized networknetworkofofnodesnodesthat thatstores storesandand processes processes thethe identity identity information information on onthe theblockchain. blockchain.The Thenetwork network is issecured securedbyby advanced cryptographic advanced cryptographic techniques techniques andand consensus consensus algorithms, algorithms, which which ensure ensure the the integrity and security of the data. integrity and security of the data.

5. Identity Mobile 5. Identity MobileApplication: Application:This This isis aa mobile mobile application application within within aa hardware device hardware device that captures and verifies the identity of the user through facial recognition and that captures and verifies the identity of the user through facial recognition and

other biometricauthentication other biometric authenticationmethods.methods. The The mobile mobile app app can can be integrated be integrated withwith the the Identity Identity Wallet Wallet to to provide provide an an additional additional layer layer ofofsecurity securityand andmethod method to to upload and upload and provide identity documentation provide identity documentation and and data data to to the the system. system.

The VEID The VEIDSystem Systemworks works by by utilizingTensorFlow utilizing TensorFlow machine machine learning learning algorithms algorithms to identify to identify users users via via various various scopes. scopes. These These scopes include Identity scopes include Identity Documents, Biometric Documents, Biometric Data, Data, Facial Facial Data, Data, Authorized OnlineAccounts Authorized Online Accounts(Single (SingleSign SignOn), On),Domain Domain Verification,and Verification, andEmail Email Verification, among Verification, otherscopes. among other scopes. A module A modulewill will be bebuilt built in in Golang Golang for for the the VEID VEID system, to be system, to integrated into be integrated into the the Cosmos SDK Cosmos SDK (102) (102) base to be base to be implemented within implemented within a decentralized a decentralized Blockchain. Blockchain. Cosmos Cosmos SDK SDK (102)(102)

Supports Golangcodebases, Supports Golang codebases, TensorFlow-GO TensorFlow-GO is a is a Golang Golang Application Application Programming Programming Interface Interface

that will that willbe beused used to to connect connect TensorFlow withthe TensorFlow with theCosmos Cosmos SDKSDK (102) (102) application. application.

VEID works VEID worksbybyscoring scoringusers usersbetween between 0 to 0 to 100, 100, 0 0 being being anan unknown unknown identity identity and and 100 100 beingbeing a a completely verified completely verified user. user. Users Users will will be able be able to verify to verify their their identity identity with a with a app mobile mobile app utilizing utilizing

Camera Camera forforDocument Document Uploads, Uploads, Biometric Biometric sensors sensors (fingerprint), (fingerprint), Camera Camera for Facial for Facial

Recognition, along web Recognition, along webscopes scopessuch suchasas SingleSign Single SignOnOn(Google, (Google,Facebook, Facebook, Microsoft, Microsoft, etc.), etc.),

Email Verification, SMS Verification, 2FA Authentication support. Users registering to Email Verification, SMS Verification, 2FA Authentication support. Users registering to

become providers become providers willneed will needtotoverify verifytheir their domain domain totojoin join the the VirtEngine VirtEngine Cloud CloudMarketplace Marketplace (103). (103).

VEID encodes VEID encodesgenerated generated keys keys by by adding adding salt salt that that arespecific are specifictotoeach eachupload uploadwithin withinthe the metadata metadata ofofthe theimage/video image/video file,thus file, thuswhen whenuploaded uploadedto to thethe blockchain blockchain it it cancan be be verified verified

that it indeed gets processed and uploaded directly through the mobile’s app camera that it indeed gets processed and uploaded directly through the mobile's app camera integration. integration. Preventing Preventing users users from uploadingverification from uploading verification data data from fromsaved savedgalleries. galleries.

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VEID also collects the following list of parameters for the AI to process and make better 11 Jul 2024 2024203136 11 Jul 2024

VEID also collects the following list of parameters for the AI to process and make better

scoring decisions: scoring decisions:

1. 1. IP IPAddress: Address: The The IP IP address address of of the the user's user'sdevice devicecan canbebeused used to to determine the user's determine the user's location andtotoidentify location and identify patterns patterns of suspicious of suspicious activity. activity.

2. 2. Device Device information: Informationabout information: Information aboutthe theuser's user'sdevice, device,such suchas as the the make, make,model, model, and and operating system. operating system.

3. 3. Location data:TheThe Location data: location location of the of the user's user's devicedevice using using GPS canGPS cantobeidentify be used used topatterns identify patterns 2024203136

of of suspicious activityand suspicious activity and to to verify verify that that the the useruser is who is who they to they claim claim be. to be.

4. Demographic 4. data:Information Demographic data: Information about about thethe user's user's age, age, gender, gender, andand other other demographic demographic characteristics may characteristics may be be collected collected and analysed and analysed to identify to identify patterns patterns of suspicious of suspicious activity. activity.

5. 5. Single SingleSign SignOn On metadata, metadatafrom metadata, metadata from accounts accounts such such as Google, as Google, Facebook Facebook or Microsoft or Microsoft can assistinin identifying can assist identifyingcustomers. customers. 6. 6. Social Media Social Media data: data: VEID VEID can can collect collect and analyse and analyse socialprofiles social media media via profiles third via third party party

services. services.

7. 7. Government Agencies: Government Agencies: VEID VEID cancan connect connect and and process process datadata from from specific specific government government agencies to further secure the system from fraud in select countries with digital systems. agencies to further secure the system from fraud in select countries with digital systems.

The VirtEngine The VirtEngineIdentification Identification System will be System will be an an extension towardsthe extension towards theAuthentication Authentication module insideCosmos module inside CosmosSDKSDK (102), (102), thethe authentication authentication module module will will be extended be extended to support to support the verification of customer identities utilizing direct API integrations with Tensorflow. the verification of customer identities utilizing direct API integrations with Tensorflow.

For Tensorflow For Tensorflow to to verify verify the the identity identity of users, of its its users, it will it will needneed to process to process encrypted encrypted data data uploaded uploaded to tothe theblockchain. blockchain.OnceOncea auser useruploads uploads theirIDIDScopes their Scopes(in(inananencrypted encrypted manner) manner) to the to the blockchain, blockchain, the the Identity Identity Verification Verificationsystem system running running on on the the Identity Identity Network will Network will decrypt the data decrypt the data via via the the Identity Identity Network’s chosennode's Network's chosen node’sprivate privatekeys keystotocomplete complete the the verification. verification.

1. Detectfaces 1. Detect facesononimages. images. 2. Compute 2. Compute faces’ faces' descriptors/embeddings. descriptors/embeddings.

3. Compare 3. Compare descriptors. descriptors.

A Tensorflow A Tensorflowalgorithm algorithmwhich which utilizesthe utilizes theMulti-task Multi-taskCascaded CascadedConvolution Convolution Network Network

(MTCNN) can (MTCNN) can be be used used forfor facialrecognition facial recognitionand andallows allowscomparison comparison of facialdata of facial databetween between Uploaded Identification Documents Uploaded Identification Documents & Uploaded & Uploaded Facial Facial Recognition Recognition information. information.

Other typesof Other types of Neural NeuralNetworks Networks thatcan that canbebe implemented implemented in Tensorflow in Tensorflow andused and be be used to to assist assist Identification Identificationofof consumers consumers includes includes convolutional convolutional neural neural networks (CNNs),long networks (CNNs), long short-termmemory short-term memory (LSTM) (LSTM) networks, networks, and generative and generative adversarial adversarial networks networks (GANs). (GANs).

Convolutional NeuralNetworks Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) (CNNs) areare often often used used for for image image classification classification tasksandand tasks cancan

be trained to recognize specific features in images, such as facial features or text. be trained to recognize specific features in images, such as facial features or text.

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Long Short-TermMemory Memory (LSTM) networks are a are typea of type of recurrent neural network that can 11 Jul 2024 2024203136 11 Jul 2024

Long Short-Term (LSTM) networks recurrent neural network that can process sequential data, process sequential data, such such as as text text or or time time series seriesdata. data.They They can can be be used used to to analyze analyze patterns patterns ininuser userbehavior behavior or language or language to identify to identify fraudulent fraudulent activity.activity.

Generative AdversarialNetworks Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) (GANs) areare a type a type of of neural neural network network thatthat consists consists of of twotwo networks: networks: aa generator generatorand anda adiscriminator. discriminator.The Thegenerator generatorcreates createssynthetic syntheticsamples, samples, while while the discriminator the discriminator determines determineswhether whetherthethe samples samples are are realreal or or fake.GANs fake. GANscancan be used be used to to generate syntheticimages generate synthetic imagesorortext textthat that can can be beused usedtototrain train other other neural neural networks. networks. 2024203136

Optical Optical Character Recognitioncan Character Recognition canbebeused usedtotoconvert converttexttextinside insidedocuments documents to to machine- machine- readable information,this readable information, this data can be data can be analyzed analyzedbybythe theother otherneural neuralnetworks networks toto decide decide on on the users the users score. score. To To ensure that the ensure that the optical optical character character recognition recognition system system isis not not bypassed bypassed withfaulty with faultydata, data,thethe system system verifies verifies the signatures the signatures of the of the uploaded uploaded files tothat files to ensure ensure they that they

have beenprocessed have been processed byby anan approved approved client client andand contain contain bothboth the the approved approved client client (interface) (interface) signature and signature and thethe user's user's signature. signature. Theoflistapproved The list of approved clients clients can be controlled can be controlled in the in the blockchain’s blockchain's configuration configuration and andensures ensuresthat thatonly onlypre-approved pre-approved interfacesmaymay interfaces interact interact with with the blockchain the blockchain andandpass passononidentity identity documents documents during during thethe sign-up sign-up process. process.

Barcode Scanningtechnology Barcode Scanning technology cancan be be used used to to revalidate revalidate thethe data data written written on on Identification Identification Documents such Documents such as as Driver’sLicenses Driver's LicensesandandPhotocards. Photocards. Other typesof Other types of neural neural networks networksthat thatmay maybebe used used forfor identityverification identity verification include include autoencoders, which can be used to identify anomalies in data, and self-organizingmaps, autoencoders, which can be used to identify anomalies in data, and self-organizing maps, whichcan which canbebeused usedtotocluster cluster data dataand andidentify identify patterns. patterns. Utilizing Utilizinga acombination combination ofof such such Networks built on Networks built on Tensorflow Tensorflowcan canprovide providethe therequired required automated identificationofof users automated identification users on onthe theVirtEngine VirtEnginenetwork, network,bybycollecting collectingMeta MetaData Data from from theuser's the user’sdevice device (such (such as IPv4, as IPv4, GPS GPS Data,Data, DeviceDevice Information, Information, etc.) and etc.) Emailand Email Verification, Verification,

SMS Verification and SMS Verification andSingle-Sign-On Single-Sign-OnSystems Systems such such as as Google, Google, Facebook, Facebook, and and Microsoft. Microsoft. By By

combining thesescopes, combining these scopes,wewecancan recognize recognize a user’s a user's identitythrough identity through anan automated automated Artificially Intelligent Artificially Intelligent algorithm algorithm toto achieve achieve Decentralized Decentralized Identification Identification within within a a blockchain blockchain

system. system.

Combining multipleneural Combining multiple neuralnetworks networks together together cancan be done be done through through a process a process knownknown as as ensemble learning,where ensemble learning, where multiple multiple neural neural network network models models are trained are trained and and theirtheir predictions predictions

are are combined combined ininsome somewayway to to make make a final a final prediction. prediction. Thiscan This canimprove improve thethe performance performance of of

the overall the overall model by leveraging model by leveragingthe thestrengths strengthsof of different different types types of of models. models.

VirtEngine Identification VirtEngine Identification system system can be integrated can be integrated into into the CosmosSDK the Cosmos SDK (102) (102) within within the the

authentication modulebybyleveraging authentication module leveraging theexisting the existingframework framework forfor handling handling accounts accounts and and account keys, defining account keys, defining aa new module new module to to handle handle thethe specificfunctions specific functionsofofthe theVirtEngine VirtEngine Identification Identificationsystem, system, and and implementing implementing the thenecessary necessary handler handler andand query query functions. functions. This This

will allow software engineers to easily incorporate the VirtEngine Identification system into will allow software engineers to easily incorporate the VirtEngine Identification system into

their Cosmos their SDK(102) Cosmos SDK (102)applications applicationsandandbuild buildsecure, secure,decentralized decentralizedidentity identitymanagement management systems. systems.

The module The moduleshould should implement implement the the InitGenesis InitGenesis and and ExportGenesis ExportGenesis functions functions to initialize to initialize andand

persist persist the the state stateof ofthe theVirtEngine VirtEngineIdentification system Identification systemwithin withinthe theCosmos Cosmos SDK (102). This SDK (102). This

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will involve involvestoring storingthe thenecessary necessary data, data,such such as asencrypted encrypted identity identity documents andverified verified 11 Jul 2024 2024203136 11 Jul 2024

will documents and identities, in the identities, in module's the module's state. state.

The module The moduleshould should alsodefine also definea aset setofofhandler handlerfunctions functionstotohandle handlethe thevarious variousmessage message types defined types defined in in the the module. Thesefunctions module. These functionsshould shouldbebe responsible responsible forupdating for updating thethe state state ofof the VirtEngine the Identification system VirtEngine Identification system and performingany and performing anynecessary necessary validationsororchecks. validations checks. The module The moduleshould should define define a setofofquery a set queryfunctions functionstotoallow allowusers userstotoretrieve retrievedata datafrom fromthe the VirtEngine Identification system, such as identity verification status or encrypted identity VirtEngine Identification system, such as identity verification status or encrypted identity 2024203136

documents. These documents. These functions functions should should utilizethe utilize theCosmos CosmosSDKSDK (102)'s (102)'s query query interface interface to to allow allow

for easy for easy integration integration with with other other modules modules andandapplications. applications. The VirtEngine The VirtEngineIdentification Identification module in Cosmos module in Cosmos SDK SDK (102) (102) cancan be be integrated integrated with with TensorflowAIAIby Tensorflow byutilizing utilizing the the Tensorflow library ininthe Tensorflow library themodule's module's codebase. This can codebase. This be done can be done by importing by importing thethe Tensorflow Tensorflow library library and utilizing and utilizing its functions its functions to process to process the data the from data the from the

VirtEngine Identification VirtEngine Identification system. system. For For example, example, thethe module modulecan canuseuse Tensorflow Tensorflow to to analyze analyze and classify the and classify the data data from from the the identification identificationsystem, system, suchsuch as asbyby using usingTensorflow's Tensorflow's machine machine learning capabilities to identify patterns and trends in the data. The module can also use learning capabilities to identify patterns and trends in the data. The module can also use

Tensorflowtotoperform Tensorflow performtasks taskssuch suchasasdata datacleansing, cleansing,datadatatransformation, transformation,and and data data preprocessing, all of which can be essential for ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the preprocessing, all of which can be essential for ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the

VirtEngine Identification VirtEngine Identification system. system. Additionally, Additionally,the themodule module can can use useTensorflow Tensorflowtotoperform perform real-time analysisofofthethe real-time analysis data, data, allowing allowing it toitprovide to provide real-time real-time and automated and automated verification verification to to users ofthe users of theVirtEngine VirtEngine Identification Identification system. system.

The CRAFT The CRAFT(Character (CharacterRegion Region Awareness Awareness for for TextText Detection) Detection) method method is a state-of-the-art is a state-of-the-art technique for text detection in images. It focuses on detecting individual characters and technique for text detection in images. It focuses on detecting individual characters and

then grouping then groupingthem them toto form form words words or or text text regions. regions. The The craft-text-detector craft-text-detector libraryisis an library an implementation implementation ofof thetheCRAFT CRAFT method, method, which which canused can be be used to identify to identify regions regions of interest of interest in in

an imagebefore an image beforeapplying applyingOptical OpticalCharacter CharacterRecognition Recognition (OCR) (OCR) forfor textextraction. text extraction.This Thishas has been testedand been tested andhas hasworked worked successfully. successfully.

Example AlgorithimFlow Example Algorithim FlowforforIdentification Identification System System

Face Detection: Face Detection: Utilising Utilising advanced advanced facialfacial recognition recognition algorithms, algorithms, the system the system first scans first the scans the

input input image image atat varying varying rotation rotation angles. angles. The The objective objective here is twofold: here is twofold: to todetect detect the the presence presence of a face, of a face, indicative indicativeofofthe theorientation orientation of the of the ID, ID, and and to record to record the rotation the rotation angle atangle which at which

this face this wasdetected. face was detected.ThisThis probabilistic probabilistic approach approach ensures ensures that the that ID is the ID is correctly oriented oriented correctly regardless of its initial position. regardless of its initial position.

Image Rotation:Post Image Rotation: Postface face detection, detection, the the system systemidentifies identifies the the rotation rotation angle angle where the where the probability of a face being detected is maximised. Using this optimal angle, the original probability of a face being detected is maximised. Using this optimal angle, the original

image undergoes image undergoes a rotationtransformation. a rotation transformation. This This ensures ensures that that any any subsequent subsequent processing processing

occurs on an occurs on an image imagethat thatisis oriented oriented in in aa standardised fashion. standardised fashion.

Perspective Transformation& & Perspective Transformation Cropping: Cropping: With With thethe image image now now appropriately appropriately oriented, oriented, it isit is

paramount to adjust for any inherent skew or tilt. A perspective transformation is applied, paramount to adjust for any inherent skew or tilt. A perspective transformation is applied, ensuring the ID's text is perfectly horizontal, which is a prerequisite for optimal text ensuring the ID's text is perfectly horizontal, which is a prerequisite for optimal text

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detection. Once the the image is aligned, the section specifically containing the identification 11 Jul 2024 2024203136 11 Jul 2024

detection. Once image is aligned, the section specifically containing the identification

details details isisisolated isolated and andcropped, cropped,reducing reducing computational overhead computational overhead ininsubsequent subsequent steps. steps.

Text Detection Text Detectionwith withCRAFT: CRAFT:The Thecropped cropped section section of of thethe image image is is relayed relayed to to the the CRAFT CRAFT model. model. Renowned Renowned forfor itstext its text detection detectioncapabilities, capabilities, CRAFT producesa adetailed CRAFT produces detailedcharacter characterdensity density map. This map map. This mapelucidates elucidatesthe thecoordinates coordinatesofofvarious varioustext textboxes, boxes,demarcating demarcating regions regions of of textualdata. textual data. UNET Processingfor UNET Processing forBox BoxDetection: Detection:TheThe character character density density map map is not is not thethe terminus. terminus. It It serves serves 2024203136

as as an an input input toto the the UNET model,a aneural UNET model, neuralnetwork network known known for for its its segmentation segmentation capabilities. capabilities. UNET diligently processes UNET diligently this map processes this topinpoint map to pinpointmasks maskscorresponding corresponding to to four four pivotal pivotal data data regions: regions: Identity IdentityNumber, First Name, Number, First Last Name, Name, Last Name,andand Date Date of of Birth. Birth.

Centre Position Centre Position Ratio Ratio Calculation: Calculation: Akin Akin to a calibration to a calibration step, step, the the calculates system system calculates the ratio the ratio

of of the the centre centre positions positions of of the theboxes boxes detected by CRAFT detected by CRAFTininrelation relation to to the the overall overall image image dimensions. This computational dimensions. This computational stepisispivotal step pivotal as as it it ensures ensures aa standardised and precise standardised and precise alignment alignment ofof detected detectedtext textboxes, boxes,aafoundation foundationfor foraccurate accuratetext textextraction. extraction. Orientation Adjustmentwith Orientation Adjustment withUNET UNET Output: Output: Harnessing Harnessing the UNET the UNET output, output, the system the system discerns the orientation angle of the detected lines. If this angle exceeds a predefined discerns the orientation angle of the detected lines. If this angle exceeds a predefined

threshold, it threshold, it suggests suggests anan orientation orientation anomaly. Thesystem anomaly. The systempromptly promptly rotates rotates the the RGBRGB image image to rectify this, ensuring textual data is horizontally aligned. This corrected image is then to rectify this, ensuring textual data is horizontally aligned. This corrected image is then

looped backtotoCRAFT looped back CRAFTfor forrefined refinedtext textdetection. detection. Box Matching:Precision Box Matching: Precisionisis the the linchpin linchpin here. here. The The algorithm matchesthe algorithm matches thefour fourboxes boxes identified identified on on the the segmentation mask segmentation mask with with the the analogous analogous boxes boxes on the on the ID card. ID card. This This validationstep validation stepensures ensures datadata fidelity, fidelity, guaranteeing guaranteeing that that each each box trulybox truly represents represents its its designated section. designated section.

Multiple Box Detection: Multiple Box Detection:CRAFT's CRAFT'sgranularity granularitycan canlead leadtotothe the detection detectionofof multiple multiple boxes, boxes, especially especially for forindividuals individualswith withextended extended names orsurnames. names or surnames.TheThe system system is is designed designed to to accommodate this. accommodate this. ItItdetects detectsand andsegregates segregates these these additional additional boxes, boxes, ensuring ensuring that that each each name component name component is accurately is accurately represented represented and and extracted. extracted.

Box CoordinateUpdate: Box Coordinate Update: Postdetection, Post detection,there's there'sananimperative imperative toto ensure ensure thethe entiretyofofthe entirety the text isisencapsulated text encapsulated within within the the detected boxes.To detected boxes. Toachieve achievethis, this, the the box coordinatesare box coordinates are meticulously extended.These meticulously extended. Theserefined refinedboxes, boxes,now now encompassing encompassing all textual all textual details, details, areare ushered into the ushered into the OCR OCRstage. stage. Text Extraction Text Extraction with with Tesseract OCR:The Tesseract OCR: Thepièce piècedederésistance résistanceisis the the Optical Optical Character Character

Recognition (OCR)stage. Recognition (OCR) stage.But Butprior prior to to text text extraction, extraction,thethesystem system undergoes undergoes aanoise noiseremoval removal phase. This phase, employing advanced digital filters, ensures noise-free, clear textual phase. This phase, employing advanced digital filters, ensures noise-free, clear textual

regions. regions. Post Post this, this,Tesseract TesseractOCR, OCR, aastate-of-the-art state-of-the-arttext recognition text recognition engine, engine, is is summoned summoned toto extract extract pertinent pertinent details detailslike name, like name, surname, identification number, surname, identification anddate number, and dateofofbirth birth with with unparalleled accuracy. unparalleled accuracy.

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Authentication 11 Jul 2024 2024203136 11 Jul 2024

Authentication The implemented The implemented blockchain blockchain authentication authentication system system allows allows usersusers to securely to securely access access and and manage theiraccounts manage their accountsononthetheplatform. platform. ItItoffers offers multiple multiple options optionsfor for authentication, authentication, including including the the use use of of ledger ledger accounts and non-custodial accounts and non-custodialkey keymanagement. management. Ledger Ledger accounts accounts

involve involve the the use use of of aa unique unique combination combination ofofaausername username andand password password to access to access an account. an account. Non-custodial Non-custodial key keymanagement management involves involves the theuse use of aofthird-party a third-party service, service, such such as as Google Google or or Microsoft single sign-on, to authenticate the user. Multifactor authentication is used to Microsoft single sign-on, to authenticate the user. Multifactor authentication is used to

verify the verify theidentity identityofofclients clientsaccessing accessingthe the platform, platform, multifactor multifactor authentication authentication provides provides 2024203136

users withthe users with theability abilitytotoverify verifytheir their identity identity prior prior to executing to executing sensitive sensitive transactions transactions and can and can

be configureddepending be configured depending ononthethe securitylevel security levelthe theuser userwants wantstotoachieve achieve- –certain certainsensitive sensitive transactions (such as account recovery and processing transactions) can be secured with transactions (such as account recovery and processing transactions) can be secured with

multiple multiple levels levels ofofmultifactor multifactorauthentication authentication (combination (combination of of SMS, Facial Recognition, SMS, Facial Secret Recognition, Secret

Keys). Keys). This This level levelofofmultifactor multifactor authentication authenticationprotects protectsleaked leakedSecret SecretKeysKeysfrom from processing processing

sensitive sensitive transactions transactions and and can can be used to be used to access access locked lockedaccounts. accounts. Creating Creating a a new accountononVirtEngine new account VirtEnginegenerates generates a mnemonic a mnemonic seed,seed, whichwhich is a series is a series of of

wordsthat words thatcancanbe beused usedtotolog login in to to various various wallets wallets and and manage manage thetheaccount. account.TheThe mnemonic mnemonic seed is an seed is analternative alternative to to a private a private key key and and contains contains the solution the solution to the key to the private private key through through

mathematical equations. mathematical equations.

Authenticationcan Authentication canbebeachieved achievedthrough through multiple multiple options options including including Ledger Ledger Accounts, Accounts, and and Non-Custodial KeyManagement Non-Custodial Key Management (which (which can can be be linked linked to password-less to password-less authas auth such such as Google, Google, and FacebookSSO and Facebook SSO andand Active Active Directory Directory Systems Systems suchsuch as Azure as Azure AD, AD, as well as well as Open-Source as Open-Source Variants). Variants).

Genesis accountsononVirtEngine Genesis accounts VirtEnginehave havespecial specialpermissions permissions toto accessthetheadmin access admin portal portal andand nominate serviceproviders, nominate service providers,support supportstaff, staff, and otheradministrators. and other administrators.TheyTheycancanalso alsodisable disable standard useraccounts standard user accountstotoprevent preventfraud fraudand andmanage manage the the platform. platform.

A Genesis block is the initial block created with the initial user accounts and can be used as a A Genesis block is the initial block created with the initial user accounts and can be used as a

method method totodifferentiate differentiateAdministrators Administratorsthat thatare areoperating operatingthetheblockchain blockchainfrom from standard standard users. users.

To ensure To ensurethe thesecurity security and andprivacy privacy of of sensitive sensitive data, data, VirtEngine VirtEngine uses uses data data encryption based encryption based

on third-party public on third-party public keys. keys. This Thismeans that only means that only the the intended recipient can intended recipient decrypt the can decrypt the information usingtheir information using their private private key. key. Sensitive Sensitivedata dataonon VirtEngine VirtEngine includes includes order order information, information,

ID documents, support requests, resource details, account settings, and owned ID documents, support requests, resource details, account settings, and owned

organizations. Only organizations. Only authorized authorized user accounts user accounts canthis can access access data,this and data, and it is encrypted it is encrypted in in transit and transit and at at rest resttotoprevent preventunauthorized access. unauthorized access.

If If aa user user were were totolose loseaccess access to to hishis account account through through unauthorized unauthorized access of access of his his private private keys, keys,

the user the user can nominatetotosetup can nominate setupa anew new privatekeykey private utilizing multifactor utilizing multifactor authentication. authentication. Modification Modification of of multifactor multifactor authentication authentication requires requires the userthe userverify to also to also hisverify hiswith identity identity with multifactor multifactor authentication authentication or or go go through throughthe theidentity identity process process again. again. List List of of MultiFactor Authentication MultiFactor Authentication Options Options (Figure(Figure 45): 45):

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• 11 Jul 2024 2024203136 11 Jul 2024

SMS Code(Text SMS Code (TextFormat) Format) • Call Call Code (Audio Format) Code (Audio Format) • FIDO2 FIDO2 Hardware Key Hardware Key • FIDO2 PasswordlessAuthentication FIDO2 Passwordless Authentication (Biometric (Biometric Fingerprints, Fingerprints, FaceID FaceID – Device - Device Locked Locked protection) protection) -- Only Only pre-authorized devices pre-authorized devices

• VEID Facial VEID Facial Bioemetrics Bioemetrics

• Trusted Browser Trusted Browser • 2FA AuthenticatorProtocol Protocol(Google (GoogleAuthenticator, Authenticator, Microsoft Authenticator) 2024203136

2FA Authenticator Microsoft Authenticator)

• Certificate Certificate or orHardware Key Hardware Key

MultiFactor takes 22 Factor MultiFactor takes Factor Authentication Authenticationaastep stepfurther further byby ensuring ensuringthat that the the user user has has access tomultiple access to multiple scopes scopes – can - and andlimit can limit thebyuser the user by requiring requiring them an them to verify to additional verify an additional 2FA Scope-–such 2FA Scope suchasasaacombination combination ofof SMS SMS + FIDO2, + FIDO2, or or a combination a combination of VEID of VEID + FIDO2 + FIDO2 in in order to authenticate order to authenticate andandsign sign sensitive sensitive transactions. transactions. A A user user may choosetototrust may choose trust the the browser whichwould browser which would reduce reduce thethe multifactor multifactor requirement requirement by a by a single single scope scope for for further further transactions done transactions donebybythat thatbrowser. browser.

Hybrid BlockchainSystem Hybrid Blockchain System It It is ispossible possible to to use use aa single singleblockchain blockchain system system with with both public both public and permissioned and permissioned access. access. This can This can be be achieved throughthe achieved through theuse useofofaahybrid hybridblockchain, blockchain,which whichcombines combines elements elements of of

both public and both public permissionedblockchains. and permissioned blockchains. A hybrid blockchain is a type of blockchain that is designed to allow both public and A hybrid blockchain is a type of blockchain that is designed to allow both public and

permissioned accesstotothe permissioned access thenetwork network andand to to the the data data stored stored on on thethe blockchain. blockchain. In In a a hybrid hybrid blockchain, blockchain, access access toto the the network network isis granted basedononpredetermined granted based predetermined rules rules or or criteria.This criteria. This can includethings can include things like like user user identity, identity, role, role, or jurisdiction. or jurisdiction. Users Users whothese who meet meetcriteria these are criteria are allowed allowed toto join join the the network andparticipate network and participatein in the the consensus process. consensus process.

Thereare There are several several ways waystotouse useaa hybrid hybridblockchain blockchainwith withboth bothpublic publicand andpermissioned permissioned access: access:

Public accesstotocertain Public access certain data: data: A hybrid A hybrid blockchain blockchain canpublic can allow allowaccess publictoaccess certainto certain data data

stored stored ononthethe blockchain, blockchain, while while restricting restricting accessaccess todata. to other otherFordata. For example, example, a hybrid a hybrid blockchain could blockchain could allow allow anyone anyone to viewtothe view the transaction transaction history ofhistory of a particular a particular asset, while asset, while

only allowingauthorized only allowing authorized parties parties to view to view the details the details of the of the transactions. transactions.

Public Public participation participation in inthe theconsensus consensus process: process: A A hybrid hybrid blockchain can allow blockchain can allow public public participation participation in inthe theconsensus consensus process, process, while while also also allowing allowing permissioned partiesto permissioned parties to participate. This can help to ensure that the network is secure and that transactions are participate. This can help to ensure that the network is secure and that transactions are

validatedbybya adiverse validated diverse group group of users. of users.

Permissioned accesstotocertain Permissioned access certaindata: data: AA hybrid hybrid blockchain blockchaincan canallow allowpermissioned permissioned access access to to certain data stored on the blockchain, while restricting access to other data. For example, a certain data stored on the blockchain, while restricting access to other data. For example, a

hybrid hybrid blockchain couldallow blockchain could allowauthorized authorizedparties partiestoto view viewsensitive sensitive data, data, such as personal such as or personal or financial information, while only allowing public access to less sensitive data. financial information, while only allowing public access to less sensitive data.

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VirtEngine relies relies on on aa Hybrid Hybrid Blockchain Blockchain to to operate, operate, the the following following main roles are 11 Jul 2024 2024203136 11 Jul 2024

VirtEngine main roles are implemented within implemented within the the system system – GenesisAccount, - GenesisAccount, Administrator, Administrator, Moderator, Moderator, Staker, Staker, ServiceProvider, Customer,SupportAgent. ServiceProvider, Customer, SupportAgent. GenesisAccount: GenesisAccount: Has Hasuncontrolled uncontrolled access access to to thethe whole whole ledger, ledger, however however can only can only decode decode data on the data on the ledger ledger that that they havethe they have the private private keys keys to. to. The The majority majority of of the the system wouldbebe system would encrypted andcannot encrypted and cannotbebe accessed accessed by by thethe GenesisAccount, GenesisAccount, however however the GenesisAccount the GenesisAccount has has the ability the abilitytotonominate nominate Roles Roles for for other other user user accounts, accounts, as as well well as asadministrate administrate user user accounts accounts by by changing their account states to to suspended, terminated,active, active,asaswell wellas as controlling controlling 2024203136

changing their account states suspended, terminated, cloud marketplace cloud marketplace (103) (103) listings listings by changing by changing their states. their states.

Administrator: Has Administrator: Hasaccess accesstotoaa large large portion portion of of the the blockchain ledger to blockchain ledger to administrate the administrate the system system -– is is also also limited limitedininthat thatthey theycannot cannotread readprivate privateencrypted encrypted data data from customers from customers data, data, can can nominate otheraccounts nominate other accounts fordifferent for differentroles rolessuch suchas as Moderators Moderatorsandand ServiceProviders. ServiceProviders. Can Can control control user user account accountstates statesto to manage manage them them as as well well as as controlling controlling cloud marketplace (103) listing states. cloud marketplace (103) listing states.

Moderators: Moderators: HasHasaccess accesstotomoderating moderatingthethe system, system, hashas access access to Support to Support Requests Requests submitted submitted to tothe themaintainers maintainersofofthe theplatform platform- –can canraise raiserequests requestsdirectly directly to to administrators administrators for further review. for further review.

ServiceProvider: Has access ServiceProvider: Has access toto list list Cloud Cloud Computing servicesto Computing services to the the marketplace, marketplace,can can approve/reject customer orders, can suspend customer services, can leave public reviews approve/reject customer orders, can suspend customer services, can leave public reviews

on customeraccounts, on customer accounts,can canreport reportfraudulent fraudulent activitytotomoderators/administrators activity moderators/administrators of of thethe

platform. platform.

Customer: Hasaccess Customer: Has accesstotopurchase purchase Cloud Cloud Computing Computing services services fromfrom ServiceProvider ServiceProvider listings, listings, has has access to purchase access to HighPerformance purchase High Performance Compute Compute services services from from theSupercomputer the VE VE Supercomputer can can leave leave public public review review on purchasedservices, on purchased services,can cancancel cancelorordelete deleteexisting existing orders orders under their under their

account, can raise account, can raise support requestsdirectly support requests directly to to ServiceProvider ServiceProvider related related toto purchased purchased services. services. Can Can raise raise support support requests requests to to Moderators Moderators & & Administrators Administrators of of the the platform. platform.

SupportAgents: Hasaccess SupportAgents: Has accesstotosupport support requests requests on on services services listedbybya aServiceProvider listed ServiceProviderwho who has has added them added them toto theirorganization. their organization. Staker: Staker: Staker Staker accounts can be accounts can beused usedtotojoin join the the Proof-Of-Stake networkforforhandling Proof-Of-Stake network handling transactions on transactions on the the VirtEngine VirtEngine Blockchain, Blockchain, Staker Staker accounts accountsuse usethe thefollowing followingmethod methodto to operate thenetwork. operate the network. 1. Userswho 1. Users who want want to participate to participate in in theconsensus the consensus process process and and earnearn rewards rewards must must first first

hold a certain hold a certain amount ofthe amount of theVE VETokens Tokensthat thatisis used usedononthethenetwork. network.This Thisisis known known asas

the staking the staking requirement requirement - –the thestaking stakingrequirements requirements is isonly onlyrequired requiredfor forusers userslooking looking to run to run their their own staking node. own staking node.

2. Userscan 2. Users canthen then"stake" "stake"their theirVE VETokens Tokensbybycommitting committing it it toto thenetwork the network as as collateral. collateral.

This involves locking up their cryptocurrency in a special wallet or account that is This involves locking up their cryptocurrency in a special wallet or account that is

designated designated forfor staking. staking.

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3. Userscan caneither eitherstake staketheir their VE VE Tokens Tokensinin aa staking staking node noderun runbybyananorganization organizationwith with 11 Jul 2024 2024203136 11 Jul 2024

3. Users shared wallet, or shared wallet, or to to setup setup their theirown own node node andandrun runtheir theirown ownstaking stakingserver serverwith withtheir their own walletand own wallet andcollateral. collateral. 4. The 4. Thenetwork network then then selects selects the the users users who who will will participateininthe participate theconsensus consensus process process based onthe based on theamount amount of of cryptocurrency cryptocurrency thatthat they they have have staked. staked. In In general, general, users users with with larger stakeshave larger stakes have a higher a higher probability probability of being of being selected selected to validate to validate transactions transactions and and earn rewards. earn rewards. 2024203136

5. Oncea auser 5. Once userisis selected selected to to participate participate inin the the consensus process, they consensus process, they are are responsible responsible for validating for validatingtransactions transactionsonon the the network andhelping network and helpingto to reach reachconsensus consensusonon the the state of the state of theblockchain. blockchain. 6. If the 6. If the user user successfully successfully participates participatesininthe consensus the consensus process process and and helps helps to to secure secure the the network, theywill network, they will earn earn rewards in the rewards in the form formof of cryptocurrency cryptocurrency The staking The staking network networkalso alsooperates operatesthe theIdentity IdentityNetwork, Network, which which means means thatthat the the nodes nodes that that handle transaction consensus handle transaction consensusare arealso alsoused usedfor forverifying verifying and andidentifying identifying customer customerdata datasuch such as as ID ID Documents, etc.via Documents, etc. via the the same Tensorflow same Tensorflow algorithms algorithms andand trained trained dataset dataset – they - they areare chosen thesame chosen the sameway way transactions transactions areare generally generally chosen chosen viavia thethe consensus consensus process. process.

For DataEncryption For Data Encryption to work to work in a public in a public blockchain, blockchain, ensuringensuring sensitive sensitive data data is not is not stored in astored in a

public public ledger ledger –- but but instead instead cancan only only be be read read by by its itsintended intended participants. participants.Messages between Messages between Providers and Users for example are encrypted based on the Third Parties Public Keys, Providers and Users for example are encrypted based on the Third Parties Public Keys, one one wayencryption way encryptionoccurs occursininwhich whichonly onlythe thethird thirdparty partycan candecrypt decryptthetheinformation informationusing usingtheir their Private Keys.This Private Keys. Thisisisininconjunction conjunctionwithwith the Hybrid the Hybrid Blockchain, Blockchain, for example for example only certainonly certain roles roles can can access access certain certain datadata that that isisalready alreadyencrypted. encrypted.Meaning evenifif somehow Meaning even a user somehow a user wheretotobypass where bypassthetherolerolepermissions permissionsand and access access such such sensitivedata, sensitive data,they theywill will also also need needtoto have access to have access to the the Secret Secret Keys Keys that that the the data wasencrypted data was encryptedfor.for. Examples Examples ofofData DataEncryption: Encryption: The examples provided below are not a full list of all the different scenarios that encryption The examples provided below are not a full list of all the different scenarios that encryption

occurs whensending occurs when sending data data toto theledger, the ledger,when when building building the the system, system, youyou would would needneed to to identify whether identify whether thethe datadata beingbeing sent sent to theto the ledger ledger is considered is considered sensitive sensitive or not. Sensitive or not. Sensitive

data then needs data then needstotobebeencrypted encryptedinina away waythat thatonly onlythe theauthorized authorizeduserusermay may access access andand read read such data. such data.

User uploadingIdentification User uploading IdentificationDocumentation: Documentation: Encrypted Encrypted to the to the Identity_Network Identity_Network chosenchosen

node via Staking node via Staking System, System,which whichcan canthen thenbebedecrypted decrypted andand processed processed by Identity by Identity System System

nodes usingtheir nodes using their own privatekey own private keyto to process processthetheIdentification Identification Verification Verification methods. methods.

User sendingananorder User sending ordertotoa aServiceProvider: ServiceProvider:Encrypted Encrypted to to the the ServiceProvider’s ServiceProvider's PublicKey, Public Key, whichcan which canthen thenbebedecrypted decrypted and and processed processed by the by the ServiceProvider. ServiceProvider.

Order approved Order approved by by ServiceProvider ServiceProvider andand being being deployed deployed on OpenStack: on OpenStack: The Cloud The Cloud Marketplace (103) system will handle the deployment of the Order, however Marketplace (103) system will handle the deployment of the Order, however can only can only

access the necessary API Secrets for the ServiceProvider’s listing using the ServiceProvider’s access the necessary API Secrets for the ServiceProvider's listing using the ServiceProvider's

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own Encryptionkeys keystotodecode decodeandand processthethe required API API calls to to VirtEngine Waldur. 11 Jul 2024 2024203136 11 Jul 2024

own Encryption process required calls VirtEngine Waldur. ServiceProvider’s ServiceProvider's can can run run their their own staking nodes own staking nodeswhich whichwill willhave haveaccess accesstototheir their SecretKey’s, SecretKey's, when when a atransaction transactionthatthatrequires requiresthe theServiceProvider's ServiceProvider’skey keyis is to to be be processed processed -– thevalidator the validatorwill willfirst first process processthethe transaction transaction via Consensus via Consensus regularly regularly – then - then flow flow the data the data

to the to the ServiceProvider’s ServiceProvider's node to process node to processthe the transaction transactionthrough throughthetheServiceProvider's ServiceProvider’s Staking Staking Node. Node.

Order Deployed Order Deployed and and Delivered Delivered to Customer: to Customer: The Order The Order details, details, suchsuch as the as the VM IPv4, VM IPv4, State, State, and otherrelevant/secret relevant/secretinformation informationwill will be be encrypted encryptedtowards towardsthethe Customer’s Public Key, 2024203136

and other Customer's Public Key,

thus only thus only the the customer is able customer is able to to decrypt andretrieve decrypt and retrieve the the deployed deployedorder. order. Sensitive Sensitive Data Data include include Order Information,ID Order Information, ID Documents, Documents, Support Support Requests, Requests, Resource Resource Details, Details,Account Account Settings, Settings, Owned Organizations,Team Owned Organizations, Team Members, Members, AuditAudit Logs,Logs, Account Account Details, Settings,Verified Details, Settings, VerifiedIdentity Identity details, details, etc. etc.

Only user accounts Only user accountsororauthorized authorizedsystems systemsthat thatare areintended intendedto to read read thisdata this datawill willbe beable ableto to decrypt the information using their private keys. decrypt the information using their private keys.

Blockchain can be Blockchain can beused usedasasaasecure securedatabase databaseforforsensitive sensitivedata datausing usingencryption. encryption.InIn aa blockchain system,data blockchain system, dataisis encrypted usingaa public encrypted using public key key and andcan canonly onlybe bedecrypted decryptedusing usingthethe corresponding privatekey. corresponding private key.This This means meansthat thatonly onlythetheintended intended recipient,who recipient, who has has thethe private private key, key, can can decrypt and read decrypt and readthethedata. data. Anotherway Another waytotouse useblockchain blockchainasasa asecure securedatabase database forfor sensitivedata sensitive dataisisto to use use aa permissioned blockchain,where permissioned blockchain, where only only authorized authorized users users areare allowed allowed to access to access thethe data data stored stored on theblockchain. on the blockchain. This This can can be achieved be achieved using control using access access lists control lists or by or by requiring requiring users to users to

present present a avalid validdigital digitalcertificate certificatetotoaccess access thethe data. data.

Overall, Overall, the the use use of of encryption encryption and and access controls can access controls help ensure can help ensurethat that sensitive sensitive data data stored stored on on aa blockchain blockchain isis secure secure and can only and can only be be accessed accessedbybythe theintended intendedrecipient. recipient.

VirtEngine Cloud VirtEngine Cloud Marketplace Marketplace 103 103 The VirtEngine The VirtEnginecloud cloudmarketplace marketplace (103) (103) consistsofofthe consists thefollowing followingcomponents: components: 1. VirtEngineWaldur: 1. VirtEngine Waldur:a amodular modular open-source open-source hybrid hybrid cloud cloud management management system that system that allows multi-cloud integration, including private cloud, public cloud, HPC, and service allows multi-cloud integration, including private cloud, public cloud, HPC, and service

desk. desk.

2. VirtEngineTokens: 2. VirtEngine Tokens:a acryptocurrency cryptocurrency used used to to pay pay forfor servicesononthe services themarketplace, marketplace, whichcan which canbebeprefunded prefunded or or purchased purchased on the on the spotspot through through a partner a partner exchange. exchange.

3. Providerand 3. Provider anduser useraccounts: accounts:providers providerscan can offerservices offer servicesononthe themarketplace, marketplace, while while

users can purchase these services and access sensitive data such as users can purchase these services and access sensitive data such as orderorder information, ID documents, information, ID and documents, and support support requests. requests.

4. Data 4. Dataencryption: encryption:sensitive sensitivedata dataisis encrypted basedononthird encrypted based thirdparty partypublic publickeys, keys, and and only only authorized user accounts authorized user accountscan canaccess accessand anddecrypt decrypt thisdata. this data.

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5. Integrationwith withvarious variouscloud cloudplatforms: platforms:VirtEngine VirtEngineWaldur Waldur supports integrations 11 Jul 2024 2024203136 11 Jul 2024

5. Integration supports integrations with various with various private private and public cloud and public platforms, HPC cloud platforms, HPCsystems, systems,and andidentity identityand and service service desk desk systems. systems.

6. Userinterface: 6. User interface: VirtEngine VirtEngine Waldur Waldurprovides providesa auser userinterface interfacefor forusers usersto to interact interact with with the marketplace. the marketplace.

7. Custom 7. Custom modules: modules: Waldur Waldur allows allows the development the development of custom of custom modulesmodules to carry to carry out out specific specific tasks, tasks,including includingcommunication withthe communication with theVirtEngine VirtEngineblockchain. blockchain. 2024203136

8. Public ledger: 8. Public ledger: VirtEngine VirtEngine Waldur Waldursupports supportsstoring storingpublic publicinformation informationonona apublic public ledger, ledger, including including provider provider and and user user accounts, offerings, and accounts, offerings, and support requests. support requests.

9. Sensitive data 9. Sensitive data storage: storage: only only authorized authorizeduseruseraccounts accountscan canaccess accesssensitive sensitivedata datasuch such as providerofferings as provider offerings andand support support requests, requests, which which is is encrypted encrypted in transit in transit and and at rest. at rest.

10. 10. Genesis accounts: these Genesis accounts: thesespecial special accounts accountshave haveaccess accesstotothe theadmin admin portaland portal and can can nominate service nominate service providers, providers, support support staff, staff, andadministrators, and other other administrators, as well as as well as disable disable

standard useraccounts standard user accountstotoprevent preventfraud fraudand andmanage manage the the platform. platform.

The VirtEngine The VirtEngine cloud cloudmarketplace marketplace (103)utilizes (103) utilizes VirtEngine VirtEngineWaldur Waldur(OpenNode (OpenNode Waldur Waldur

Collaboration) codebasetotofacilitate Collaboration) codebase facilitate cloud cloud services services between customers between customers andand providers. providers. Waldur Waldur isis aa modular open-source modular open-source hybrid hybrid cloud cloud marketplace marketplace system system that that provides provides multi- multi- cloud integration. Waldur currently supports a wide variety of integrations via its Plugin cloud integration. Waldur currently supports a wide variety of integrations via its Plugin

System. System.

Providers can offer Providers can offer services services based based on integrations such on integrations as Private such as Private Cloud, Cloud, Public Public Cloud, Cloud, HPC, HPC, and Service Desk and Service Deskutilizing utilizing the the Marketplace system.Currently, Marketplace system. Currently,Waldur Waldursupports supports PayPal PayPal forfor billing. billing.Within WithinVirtEngine VirtEngineCloud Cloud Marketplace 103,currencies Marketplace 103, currenciessuch suchasasUSD/AUD/EUR USD/AUD/EUR wouldwould automatically automatically bebe converted convertedtotoVirtEngine VirtEngineTokens Tokens when when services services areare ordered ordered through through the VE the VE Marketplace through Marketplace through a a partner partner exchange exchange or aordecentralized a decentralized exchange exchange such such as Uniswap. as Uniswap. This This automatic conversionofofVEVETokens automatic conversion Tokens enables enables users users to to purchase purchase services services outside outside thethe VirtEngine marketplace VirtEngine marketplaceutilizing utilizing VE Tokensvia VE Tokens via aa payment paymentprocessing processing system system such such as as VisaVisa or or Mastercard. Mastercard.

VirtEngine Tokens VirtEngine Tokenscan caneither eitherbe bepre-funded pre-funded intouser into useraccounts accountsoror purchased purchased on on the the spot spot via via

an ExchangeSystem an Exchange System and and liveprice live priceguides. guides. Providers, Validators Providers, Validators (Stakers), (Stakers), and and Network Network Participants Participants will receive will receive rewards rewards in in VirtEngine VirtEngine

Tokens, these Tokens, thesetokens tokenscan canthen thenbebeexchanged exchanged for for a FIAT a FIAT Currency Currency such such as USD as USD through through a a partner exchangeororspent partner exchange spenttotopurchase purchase other other servicesfrom services from thethe marketplace. marketplace.

VirtEngine’s Waldur VirtEngine's platformsupports Waldur platform supportsthe thefollowing followingintegrations, integrations,providing providingdirect direct implementations forany implementations for anyInfrastructure, Infrastructure,Platform, Platform,HPC, HPC,and andother otherServices Servicesrendered rendered through through

the Decentralized the CloudMarketplace Decentralized Cloud Marketplace 103. 103.

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The current current integrations integrations supported supportedbybyVirtEngine VirtEngineWaldur Waldur include: 11 Jul 2024 2024203136 11 Jul 2024

The include:

Private Private Cloud: OpenStack,Kubernetes Cloud: OpenStack, Kubernetes (Rancher), (Rancher), VMWare, VMWare, OpenNebula OpenNebula (in development) (in development)

Public Public Cloud: Cloud: AWS, DigitalOcean,MSMS AWS, DigitalOcean, Azure Azure

HPC: HPC: MOAB, MOAB, SLURM, SLURM, Open Open OnDemand OnDemand

Identity: Identity: Keycloak, Keycloak, EduGAIN, LDAP,SAML, EduGAIN, LDAP, SAML, Waldur Waldur Database Database 2024203136

Service Service Desk: Atlassian Jira Desk: Atlassian JiraService ServiceDesk, Desk,Zammad TicketingSystem Zammad Ticketing System Marketplace: Waldur Marketplace: Waldur In-BuiltMarketplace In-Built Marketplace Billing: Billing: PayPal, Waldur PayPal, Waldur Billing Billing

Automation:Ansible Automation: Ansible Waldur Waldur is is an an advanced advancedsystem system that that can can be be used used to to build build complex complex Cloud Cloud Computing Computing marketplaces, marketplaces, the thegoal goalof of VirtEngine VirtEngine isis to to integrate integratethe theWaldur codebaseinto Waldur codebase intothe theCosmos Cosmos SDK (102) to SDK (102) to run run aa decentralized version of decentralized version of Waldur withinblockchain Waldur within blockchaintechnology. technology. Waldur Waldur will will be be integrated integrated into intoCosmos SDK(102) Cosmos SDK (102)bybyporting portingthe theCloud CloudMarketplace Marketplace codebase codebase to to within within the the blockchain project via blockchain project via API API Interactions Interactions between theVirtEngine between the VirtEngineBlockchain Blockchainand anda a localized localized Waldur API running Waldur API runningwithin withinaa Docker Dockercontainer. container. Waldur offersaa User Waldur offers UserInterface Interface system systemthat thatallows allowsusers userstoto interact interact with with the the decentralized decentralized Cloud Marketplace system. This User Interface will be a port for users to register and utilize Cloud Marketplace system. This User Interface will be a port for users to register and utilize

the system the fromananeasy-to-use system from easy-to-useUser User Interface. Interface.

Waldur Waldur isis aa modular systemandand modular system allows allows thethe development development of custom of custom modulesmodules to carry to carry out out specific specific tasks. tasks.A Anew new module withinCosmos module within Cosmos SDK SDK (102) (102) willwillbebebuilt builttotoenable enablecommunication communication between Waldur between Waldur andand thethe VirtEngine VirtEngine Blockchain Blockchain through through API calls. API calls. Waldur Waldur willwill continue continue to to run run with its own with its own database however database however willsupport will support publicinformation public information downloaded downloaded from from a a public public ledger, ledger, which which includes includes Providers, Providers, User User Accounts, Offerings, Support Accounts, Offerings, Requests,and Support Requests, and more. more.

Sensitive Sensitive data data that that should should only only be be accessed by Administrators accessed by Administratorswillwill be be encrypted encryptedviaviaGenesis Genesis accounts whichrun accounts which runthe thestaking stakingnetwork, network,only onlysuch suchnodes nodes willbebeable will abletotoaccess accesssensitive sensitive encrypted datasuch encrypted data suchasasProvider ProviderOfferings Offeringsdetails, details, Support Requests,Uploaded Support Requests, Uploaded Identity Identity scopes, to automate scopes, to theplatform automate the platformvia viathe theWaldur Waldur Mastermind Mastermind codebase. codebase.

VirtEngine Supercomputer VirtEngine Supercomputer The VirtEngine The VirtEngineSupercomputer Supercomputer consists consists of of thethe following following components: components:

• A decentralized A decentralized network networkofofnodes nodes • SLURM workloadmanager SLURM workload manager • Kubernetes clusters Kubernetes clusters

• Golang module Golang module within within Cosmos Cosmos SDK SDK (102) (102)

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• Multiple Multiple computers computers connected connected over overWAN or LAN 11 Jul 2024 2024203136 11 Jul 2024

WAN or LAN

• Clustering Clustering of of closely closelyconnected computingsystems connected computing systems based based on on location location & latency. & latency.

• Blockchain technology Blockchain technology

• Rewards system Rewards system ininVirtEngine VirtEnginetokens tokens • Integration Integration with with VirtEngine VirtEngine Cloud Marketplacecodebase Cloud Marketplace codebase to automate to automate deployments deployments of of HPC Clusters via HPC Clusters via Kubernetes Kubernetes 2024203136

• Accessible via Accessible via VirtEngine VirtEngine Cloud Marketplacetotoschedule Cloud Marketplace scheduleandand pass pass on on computing computing tasks. tasks.

• Custom modulefor Custom module for communication with Cosmos communication with CosmosSDK SDK(102) (102) • Encryption Encryption ofof sensitive sensitive data data

• Data encrypted Data encrypted in transit in transit and and at rest at rest

The VirtEngine The VirtEngineSupercomputer Supercomputeris is a decentralized a decentralized network network of nodes of nodes thatthat integrate integrate the the

SLURM workload SLURM workload manager manager to operate to operate a decentralized a decentralized Supercomputer, Supercomputer, SLURM SLURM will be will be deployed acrossnodes deployed across nodeswithin withinKubernetes Kubernetes clusters clusters from from thethe VirtEngine VirtEngine marketplace. marketplace. As the As the VirtEngine marketplace VirtEngine marketplacegrows grows there there willbebemore will more available available resources resources towards towards the the Decentralized SLURM Decentralized SLURM Clusters. Clusters.

Blockchain computing Blockchain computing allowsrunning allows running parallelcodebases parallel codebases across across multiple multiple independent independent nodes, this allows nodes, this allows us us to tofacilitate facilitateautomated automated deployments deployments ofofSLURM SLURM workload workload nodes nodes and and add themtotoexisting add them existing clusters clusters to to build build the the largest largestglobal globalDecentralized DecentralizedSLURM Compute SLURM Compute marketplace. marketplace.

A golang A golang module modulewill willbe beimplemented implemented within within thethe Cosmos Cosmos SDK (102) SDK (102) to facilitate to facilitate automated automated

SLURM deployment SLURM deployment and and integration integration within within the the nodenode that that joinsjoins the the mining mining network. network. This This golang module golang module willwill alsoalso facilitate facilitate rewards rewards fornode for the thethat nodeis that is offering offering its compute its compute to the to the network. network.

It Itisis generally generally accepted acceptedthatthata asupercomputer supercomputer isis faster fasterthan than aadistributed distributedcomputing network computing network of of the the same size. This same size. This isisbecause because aasupercomputer supercomputer has hasall all its its components (e.g., processors, components (e.g., processors,

memory, etc.)located memory, etc.) locatedinin aa single single location location and and connected connected by byaahigh-speed high-speedlocal localnetwork. network.This This allows allows for for faster fastercommunication communication and anddata data transferbetween transfer between components, components, whichwhich results results in in faster faster overall overallperformance. performance.

On the other On the otherhand, hand,aadistributed distributed computing computing network network is is made made up ofupmultiple of multiple computers computers

located in different located in differentlocations locationsthatthatare areconnected connected over over aa wide wide area area network (WAN). network (WAN). The The WANWAN connection connection maymaynotnotbebe asas fastasasthe fast thelocal local network usedininaasupercomputer, network used supercomputer, which which can can

result result in inslower slower communication communication and and data data transferbetween transfer betweenthe the computers computers in network. in the the network.

However, However, a adistributed distributedcomputing computing network network has has muchmuch higher higher scalability scalability due due to the to the factfact it it isis not not constrained constrained bybyaa single single geographical environment geographical environment – meaning - meaning thatthat thethe overall overall computing computing

power caneasily power can easily exceed exceedany anyexisting existingsupercomputer supercomputer with with ease. ease.

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Due to the the geographical geographicallimitation limitation of of supercomputers, supercomputers, wewe believe that a a Distributed 11 Jul 2024 2024203136 11 Jul 2024

Due to believe that Distributed Computing network Computing network built built onon blockchain blockchain cancan easily easily exceed exceed thethe computing computing power power available available within the within the current supercomputing current supercomputing architecture. architecture.

VirtEngine supercomputer VirtEngine supercomputer would would alsoalso support support the the clustering clustering of of closely closely connected connected computing systems computing systems to to buildmini build minisupercomputers supercomputers within within the the overall overall distributed distributed computing computing network network -–this this can can be be used usedtoto schedule schedulecompute-intensive compute-intensive tasks tasks within within clustersthat clusters thatcan can communicate through communicate through a higher-speed a higher-speed network network more more effectively. effectively. 2024203136

Patent Request: Patent Request: Technical Innovation, Technical Innovation, the the VirtEngine VirtEngine technical technical model modelofofcombining combininga a Decentralized Decentralized Identification IdentificationSystem, System, aa Decentralized Decentralized Cloud Marketplaceand Cloud Marketplace and a a Decentralized Decentralized Supercomputer Supercomputer is is a anovel noveland andunique unique system system thatthat have have beenbeen submitted submitted intopatent into the the patent system for protection. system for protection. This technical This technical innovation innovation allows allows us us to to deploy deploy an an autonomous business autonomous business model model using using suchsuch an an enclosed technical system enclosed technical systemthatthatrequires requiresminimal minimalintervention interventionfrom fromthethe DET-IO DET-IO Pty. Pty. Ltd. Ltd. Teamonce Team oncedeployed deployed if if VirtEngine& & VirtEngine dependent dependent codebases codebases are maintained are maintained and further and further improved overtime improved over timethrough through thethe open-source open-source model. model. The VirtEngine The VirtEngine codebase codebase will be will be released as Open released as Sourceunder Open Source under an an Australian Australian Creative Creative Commons Commons license license with with no no commercialization allowed. commercialization allowed.

VirtEngine involves VirtEngine involves aa physical physical aspect aspect in in that thatthe thesoftware software runs runs on on multiple multiple independent independent physical physical computing systemstotoachieve computing systems achieve thedesired the desired outcome, outcome, for for example, example, Cloud Cloud Computing Computing

services services run run on on specialized specialized Physical Physical Servers Servers to tovirtualize virtualizethetheenvironment environment and and provide provide Virtual Computing Virtual Computing totousers. users. The distributed The distributed computing computingnetwork network reliesonon relies Virtual& &Physical Virtual Physicalcomputing computingto to provide provide access access to High-Performance-Computing to to its High-Performance-Computing to its users. users. TheThe Identificationsystem Identification system reliesononmobile relies mobile computing computing totoverify verify the the identities identities of of users users through through cameras andfingerprint cameras and fingerprintsensors. sensors.

Reproducing VirtEngine Reproducing VirtEngine

Develop theVE Develop the VEAuthentication Authentication& &Encryption Encryption Modules: Modules:

1. Implement 1. Implement a secure a secure login login system system using using ledger ledger accounts accounts or non-custodial or non-custodial key key

management, linked management, linked to to password-less password-less authentication authentication systems systems such such as Google, as Google, Facebook, andMicrosoft Facebook, and Microsoftsingle singlesign-on. sign-on. 2. Generatea amnemonic 2. Generate mnemonic seedseed for new for new accounts, accounts, whichwhich can becan betoused used log to inlog to in to various various wallets wallets and manage and manage theiraccount. their account. 3. Implement 3. Implement a system a system forfor granting granting permissions permissions to Genesis to Genesis accounts accounts to access to access the the admin portal, nominate service providers and support staff, and disable standard admin portal, nominate service providers and support staff, and disable standard user user accounts. accounts.

4. Implement 4. Implement data data encryption encryption using using third-party third-party public public keys, keys, allowing allowing only only the the intended intended recipients todecrypt recipients to decryptthethe information information using using their private their private keys. keys.

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5. Implement a system forfor restrictingaccess accesstotosensitive sensitivedata, data, including including order 11 Jul 2024 2024203136 11 Jul 2024

5. Implement a system restricting order information, ID documents, information, ID support documents, support requests, requests, resource resource details,account details, account settings,and settings, and owned organizations,totoananauthorized owned organizations, authorizeduser, user,accounts accounts only only usingpublic using publicencryption encryption keys keys from the desired from the desiredrecipient. recipient. 6. Implement 6. Implement security security measures measures to ensure to ensure thatthat sensitive sensitive data data is is encrypted encrypted in in transit transit and atrest. and at rest. 2024203136

Develop theVEID Develop the VEIDModule: Module: Train & Train ImplementthetheMachine & Implement Machine Learning Learning algorithms: algorithms:

1. Data 1. Data collection: collection: TheThe first first step step in training in training a machine a machine learninglearning model ismodel is to to gather a gather a

large datasetofofexamples. large dataset examples. Foridentification For an an identification system, system, thisinclude this might mightainclude variety a variety

of of documents documents suchsuch as driver's as driver's licenses, licenses, passport, passport, or otherorforms otherofforms of identification. identification. It is It is important important to to have haveaadiverse diverseand andrepresentative representativedataset datasetininorder ordertotoensure ensurethat thatthe the model model is is able able to to accurately accurately identify identifyindividuals individualsfrom fromaawide wide range range of of backgrounds backgrounds

and locations. and locations.

2. Datapre-processing: 2. Data pre-processing:Once Once the the data data hashas been been collected, collected, it itmust mustbebe cleaned cleaned andand pre-pre- processed processed in in order order to to make makeitit usable usable for for training training the the model. model. This This may involve tasks may involve tasks such as removing such as duplicateororcorrupted removing duplicate corruptedrecords, records,standardizing standardizingthetheformat formatof of the the data, or filling in missing values. data, or filling in missing values.

3. Splittingthe 3. Splitting thedata data into into training training and and test test sets:sets: In order In order to evaluate to evaluate the performance the performance of of themodel, the model,it it isisnecessary necessary to split to split thethe dataset dataset into into a training a training set andseta and test a testTheset. The set.

trainingset training setisis used usedtototrain trainthethe model, model, while while the set the test testisset is used used to evaluate to evaluate the the model's performance model's performance on on unseen unseen data. data.

4. Feature 4. Featureengineering: engineering:InInorder ordertotohelp helpthe themodel model learnpatterns learn patterns ininthe thedata, data,itit may be may be necessary necessary toto extract extract features features from the raw from the rawdata. data.This This might mightinvolve involveextracting extracting information such information such as the as the age,age, gender, gender, or nationality or nationality of an individual of an individual from their from their

identification identificationdocuments. documents.

5. Model 5. Model training:Once training: Oncethethedata data has has been been prepared, prepared, it can it can be be used used to to trainthethe train machine learningmodel. machine learning model.This Thistypically typically involves involves feeding feeding the the data data to to the the model modelandand adjusting adjusting the the model's internal parameters model's internal parameters ininorder ordertoto minimize minimizethetheerror errorbetween between themodel's the model's predictions predictions and and the labels the true true labels of the of the data. data.

6. Model 6. Model evaluation:Once evaluation: Once thethe model model has has beenbeen trained, trained, it isit is important important to to evaluate evaluate itsits performance performance onon the the testset test setinin order ordertoto determine determinehow howwellwell it itwill will generalize generalize to to new new

data. This might involve calculating metrics such as accuracy, precision, or recall. data. This might involve calculating metrics such as accuracy, precision, or recall.

7. Model 7. Model fine-tuning:Based fine-tuning: Basedonon thethe resultsofofthe results themodel model evaluation, evaluation, ititmay maybebe necessary necessary to fine-tune to fine-tune the the model byadjusting model by adjustingits its parameters parameters or oradding addingadditional additionallayers layers to to the the model. This process model. This processmay maybeberepeated repeated untilthe until themodel model achieves achieves thethe desired desired level level of of

performance. performance.

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8. Model deployment: OnceOnce the model has trained been trained and fine-tuned, it can itbe can be 11 Jul 2024 2024203136 11 Jul 2024

8. Model deployment: the model has been and fine-tuned, deployed deployed in in aa production productionenvironment environment where where it can it can be be used used to automate to automate the the verificationofofuser verification useridentities. identities.

Implement theVEID Implement the VEID Module Module withwith the the Machine Machine Learning Learning algorithm: algorithm:

1. Developa amachine 1. Develop machine learning learning algorithm algorithm using using TensorFlow TensorFlow thatthat can can accurately accurately identify identify users users based onvarious variousscopes, scopes,such suchasasidentity identity documents, documents,biometric biometric data,and and 2024203136

based on data, facial recognition. facial recognition.

2. Createaamobile 2. Create mobileapp appthat thatallows allowsusers userstotoverify verify their their identity identity using using the the camera on camera on their device their device to to scan scan documents, accessbiometric documents, access biometricsensors, sensors,and andperform perform facial facial recognition. recognition.

3. Integratethe 3. Integrate theVEID VEIDsystem systemwith withweb web scopes, scopes, such such as as Single Single Sign Sign On On (SSO) (SSO) andand email/SMS verification, to further verify the user's identity. email/SMS verification, to further verify the user's identity.

4. Integrate 4. Integratethe theVEID VEIDsystem systemwith withother other web web scopes scopes suchsuch as Government as Government AgencyAgency integrations, integrations, and and Social Social Media data collection Media data collection systems. systems.

5. Implement 5. Implement an an SMS/Email SMS/Email verification verification process process thatthat allows allows users users to to verify verify theiremail's their email’s and and SMS number’s. SMS number's.

6. Implement 6. Implement a domain a domain verification verification process process forfor users users whowho wantwant to register to register as as providers providers on the VirtEngine on the VirtEngine marketplace. marketplace. 7. Build aa golang 7. Build golang module moduleforforthe theVEID VEIDsystem system that that cancan be be integrated integrated into into the the Cosmos Cosmos SDK (102) blockchain SDK (102) blockchainapplication. application. This This module will use module will use TensorFlow-GO TensorFlow-GO to to connect connect the TensorFlow the TensorFlowtrained trainedmachine machine learning learning algorithms algorithms with with Cosmos Cosmos SDK (102). SDK (102).

8. Extendthe 8. Extend theauthentication authenticationmodule module within within Cosmos Cosmos SDK (102) SDK (102) to support to support the the

verificationofofcustomer verification customer identities identities using using the system's the VEID VEID system's API integrations API integrations with with TensorFlow. TensorFlow.

9. Allowusers 9. Allow userstotoupload uploadencrypted encrypted versions versions of of theiridentification their identification scopes scopestoto the the blockchain. blockchain. The TensorFlowmodule The TensorFlow module will will then then decrypt decrypt this this data data using using the the Genesis Genesis Private Key. Private Key.

10. 10. Score Score users users on on a a scale scale from from 0 0 to to 100, 100, with with 00 being being an an unknown identityand unknown identity and100 100 being being aafully fullyverified verifieduser. user. 11. 11. Use the TensorFlow Use the algorithmtotocombine TensorFlow algorithm combine allall ofofthese thesescopes scopes and and recognize recognize a user's a user's identity identity through an automated, through an automated,artificial artificial intelligence-based intelligence-based process, process, achieving achieving decentralized identification decentralized identification within within the the blockchain blockchain system. system.

Develop theVE Develop the VEProvider ProviderDaemon Daemon Module: Module:

1. Developinga adistributed 1. Developing distributedcomputing computing network network using using blockchain blockchain technology technology to to facilitate the facilitate thedeployment andmanagement deployment and management of computing of computing resources resources from multiple from multiple

providers. providers.

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2. Implementing a bid engine that queries forfor existingorders ordersononthe theblockchain blockchain and 11 Jul 2024 2024203136 11 Jul 2024

2. Implementing a bid engine that queries existing and places places bids bids on on behalf behalf of of the the configured configured provider basedon provider based onconfigured configuredselling selling prices prices for resources. for resources. 3. Implementing 3. Implementing code code forfor interacting interacting with with clustersofofservers clusters serversoffered offeredbybythe theprovider, provider, such as support such as for Kubernetes support for Kubernetes asasaabackend backend clustermanagement cluster management solution. solution.

4. Developing 4. Developinga acommand command line line utility utility using using theCobra the Cobra librarytotowrap library wrap the the restofofthe rest the code and code and facilitatebuildability. facilitate buildability. 2024203136

5. Declaringpubsub 5. Declaring pubsub events events andand implementing implementing necessary necessary code code forprovider for the the provider to take to take action action on wonleases on won leasesand andreceived receivedmanifests. manifests. 6. Implementing 6. Implementing handler handler codecode for for thethe REST REST server server exposed exposed by provider by the the provider to allow to allow communication with communication with thethe VirtEngine VirtEngine platform platform andand other other providers. providers.

7. Developingcode 7. Developing code forparsing for parsingand and handling handling manifests, manifests, including including support support forfor different different manifest formatsand manifest formats andthe theability ability to to deploy orders on deploy orders onbehalf behalfofof users. users. 8. Implementing 8. Implementing keykey management management code code for for provider provider transaction transaction signing, signing, including including support for Ledger support for Ledger accounts accountsandandnon-custodial non-custodial key key management management systems. systems.

9. Implementing 9. Implementing code code forfor tracking tracking andand reporting reporting provider provider metrics metrics andand usage usage datadata to the to the VirtEngine platform. VirtEngine platform. 10. Integratingthe 10. Integrating the VirtEngine VirtEngine API API and other and other relevant relevant externalexternal APIs for APIs to allow to allow for automation automation andand integrationwith integration withthird-party third-partytools. tools. Develop theVE Develop the VECloud CloudMarketplace Marketplace (103) (103) System: System:

1. Set up 1. Set upaa distributed distributed computing computingnetwork network using using blockchain blockchain technology technology to facilitate to facilitate communication communication between between providers, providers, validators, validators, andand network network participants. participants. ThisThis network would network would bebe used used to to store store and and transmit transmit data data related related to to provider provider offerings,user offerings, user accounts, andsupport accounts, and supportrequests. requests. 2. Integratethe 2. Integrate theVirtEngine VirtEngineWaldur Waldurcodebase codebase into into thethe Cosmos Cosmos SDK (102) SDK (102) to runto arun a decentralized version decentralized version of of Waldur withinthe Waldur within theblockchain. blockchain.This Thiswould wouldallow allowforforthe the creation creation of of aa decentralized decentralized cloud cloud marketplace andenable marketplace and enable communication communication between between Waldurand Waldur andthe theVirtEngine VirtEngineblockchain blockchain viaAPI via APIinteractions. interactions. 3. Developa acustom 3. Develop custom module module to communicate to communicate with with the the Cosmos Cosmos SDK SDK (102) and(102) and enable enable

communication between communication between Waldur Waldur andVirtEngine and the the VirtEngine blockchain. blockchain. This module This module would would allow Waldurtotoaccess allow Waldur accesspublic publicinformation informationfrom fromthethepublic publicledger, ledger,such suchasasprovider provider offerings offerings and and user user accounts, andto accounts, and to automate automatethetheplatform platform using using the the Waldur Waldur

Mastermind codebase. Mastermind codebase.

4. Use 4. UseGenesis Genesisaccounts accounts to to encrypt encrypt sensitivedata sensitive data such such as as provider provider offeringsand offerings and support requests.Only support requests. Onlynodes nodeswith withaccess accesstotothese theseGenesis Genesis accounts accounts would would be able be able

to decrypt and access this sensitive data, ensuring that it is only accessible to to decrypt and access this sensitive data, ensuring that it is only accessible to

authorized administrators.Encrypt authorized administrators. Encryptprovider's provider’ssensitive sensitive data data based basedononthe theprovider's provider’s

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encryption keys(API (API Secrets), Secrets), Encrypt Encrypt Customer sensitivedata data(resource, (resource, 11 Jul 2024 2024203136 11 Jul 2024

encryption keys Customer sensitive

organization data) using organization data) using the the Customer’s keys. Customer's keys.

5. Set up 5. Set upaa user user interface interface using using the the Waldur codebase Waldur codebase to to allow allow users users toto easilyregister easily register and interact with and interact with the the decentralized cloud marketplace. decentralized cloud marketplace.ThisThisinterface interfacewould wouldprovide provide aa user-friendly user-friendlywayway forfor users users to access to access and utilize and utilize the system. the system.

6. Implement 6. Implement various various integrations,such integrations, such asas privatecloud, private cloud,public publiccloud, cloud,HPC, HPC,and andservice service desk offerings,totoallow desk offerings, allow providers providers to offer to offer a wide a wide range range of services of services through the through the 2024203136

VirtEngine marketplace. VirtEngine marketplace. 7. Implement 7. Implement a billingsystem a billing systemusing usingWaldur Waldur or or a partner a partner system system such such as PayPal as PayPal to to facilitate payments facilitate for services payments for services rendered throughthe rendered through themarketplace. marketplace. 8. UseVirtEngine 8. Use VirtEnginetokens tokensasasa amedium medium of exchange of exchange within within the the marketplace, marketplace, allowing allowing users users to to purchase services using purchase services using these tokensor these tokens or to to exchange exchangethem them forfiat for fiatcurrency currency throughaapartner through partnerexchange. exchange. Develop theVirtEngine Develop the VirtEngineSupercomputer Supercomputer system system 1. Implement 1. Implement a decentralized a decentralized network network of nodes of nodes thatthat can can communicate communicate withother with each each other over over aa WAN. Thiscan WAN. This canbebeachieved achieved byby usinga ablockchain using blockchain platform platform such such as as Cosmos Cosmos

SDK(102), SDK (102), which whichallows allowsfor for decentralized decentralizedcommunication communication between between nodes. nodes.

2. Integratethe 2. Integrate theSLURM SLURM workload workload manager manager intodecentralized into the the decentralized network network of nodes. of nodes. SLURM SLURM isisaapopular popularopen-source open-source workload workload manager manager thatbecan that can be to used used to manage manage the the allocation ofresources allocation of resources andand job job scheduling scheduling within within a cluster. a cluster.

3. Implement 3. Implement a system a system that that cancan deploy deploy SLURMSLURM acrossacross nodes nodes withinwithin Kubernetes Kubernetes clusters. clusters.Kubernetes is aa popular Kubernetes is popular container container orchestration platformthat orchestration platform that can can be beused used to manage to manage the thedeployment deploymentand and scaling scaling of containerized of containerized applications. applications. By By deploying deploying

SLURM within SLURM within Kubernetes Kubernetes clusters, clusters, we we cancan ensure ensure thatthat the the workload workload manager manager has has access tothe access to theresources resources it needs it needs to operate to operate effectively. effectively.

4. Implement 4. Implement a golang a golang module module within within the the Cosmos Cosmos SDK (102) SDK (102) to facilitate to facilitate automated automated SLURM deployment SLURM deployment and and integration. integration. ThisThis module module wouldwould be responsible be responsible for for automating automating thetheprocess processofofdeploying deployingSLURM SLURM workload workload nodesnodes and adding and adding them tothem to existing clusterswithin existing clusters withinthethe VirtEngine VirtEngine marketplace. marketplace.

5. Usethe 5. Use thegolang golangmodule moduleto to facilitaterewards facilitate rewardsforfornodes nodes thatare that areoffering offeringtheir their compute resources compute resources to to thenetwork. the network. This This can can be be achieved achieved by by implementing implementing a reward a reward

system withinthe system within thegolang golangmodule module that that distributesVirtEngine distributes VirtEnginetokens tokenstoto nodes nodes based based on their contribution on their contribution to to the the network. network.

6. Implement 6. Implement a system a system forfor clustering clustering closelyconnected closely connected computing computing systems systems to build to build

mini supercomputers mini supercomputers within within thethe overalldistributed overall distributedcomputing computing network. network. ThisThis can can be be achieved byusing achieved by usingtools tools such such asas Kubernetes Kubernetestotomanage managethethe deployment deployment and scaling and scaling of of

containerized applications containerized applications within within the the mini mini supercomputers. supercomputers.

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7. Usethe theVirtEngine VirtEnginesupercomputer supercomputer to schedule compute-intensive tasks tasks within 11 Jul 2024 2024203136 11 Jul 2024

7. Use to schedule compute-intensive within clusters clusters that that can can communicate through communicate through a higher a higher speed speed network network moremore effectively. effectively. This can This can be be achieved achieved by byusing usingthe the SLURM SLURM workload workload manager manager to allocate to allocate resources resources and manage and manage job job scheduling scheduling within within thethe clusters. clusters.

Integrations: Integrations: 2024203136

For For VirtEngine VirtEngine toto function function with with all allthree threecomponents, theyneed components, they needtotobebeintegrated integratedininvarious various ways. The ways. TheVirtEngine VirtEngineCloud CloudMarketplace Marketplace is is dependent dependent on the on the Identification Identification System System as as providers and users providers and users will will need need aa way way to to verify verify the the other other party, party, whom theyare whom they aredealing dealingwith withtoto avoid fraudulent use. avoid fraudulent use. The The identification identification system allows parties system allows parties to to leave leave feedback for each feedback for each other basedon other based ontheir their experience, experience,this this means userscan means users canleave leavepublic publicreviews reviewsand andfeedback feedbackforfor providers while providers providers while providers can can add addfraudulent fraudulentusers userstotoblacklists blacklists and and leave leave public public feedback feedback on their accounts on their for other accounts for other providers. providers.

The VirtEngine The VirtEngineSupercomputer Supercomputeris is dependent dependent on the on the VirtEngine VirtEngine Cloud Cloud Marketplace Marketplace as it as it needs Infrastructure-as-a-Service to needs Infrastructure-as-a-Service to deploy deploy &&manage manage SLURM SLURM clusters clusters via via itsits Platform-as-a- Platform-as-a- Service Service system, SLURM system, SLURM clustersare clusters aredeployed deployed across across providers providers within within thethe VirtEngine VirtEngine Cloud Cloud Marketplace whilemining Marketplace while mining nodes nodes areare added added as compute as compute nodesnodes daemondaemon to existing to existing SLURM SLURM Workload clusters. Workload clusters.

The VirtEngine The VirtEngineCloud CloudMarketplace Marketplaceis is alsodependent also dependenton on a benchmarking a benchmarking daemon daemon that that runs runs within added within cloudcomputing added cloud computing clusters clusters toto collectmetric collect metricdata dataand andtransparently transparentlystore storeitit within within the the VirtEngine Blockchain to VirtEngine Blockchain to help help users users decide decide between between providers providers and and transparently transparently

compares publicmetrics compares public metricsavailable. available.

Blockchain Transactions: Blockchain Transactions:

VirtEngine utilizes the Proof-of-Stake model to handle transactions within its blockchain, in VirtEngine utilizes the Proof-of-Stake model to handle transactions within its blockchain, in

comparison comparison totoProof-of-Work Proof-of-Work networks networks the the power power required required to runtothe runnetwork the network is minimal. is minimal.

Proof-of-Stake allows Proof-of-Stake allows users users with with the largest the largest sharesshares in stakeintostake totransactions handle handle transactions within the within the

network. network. TheThemore more a a userhas user hasstaked staked inin thenetwork the network thethe larger larger hisinvestment his investment is,is,which which provides provides aa secure waytotorun secure way runaa blockchain blockchainnetwork network asas these these usersneed users needto to ensure ensure thethe validity of validity of the theblockchain blockchain forfor other other users users to trust to trust the system. the system. Generally, Generally, a user a user with with a large a large

investment investment willwill want wantto to ensure ensurehis his investment investmentisissecure secureand andwill will be be aa good goodactor, actor, other other users users with large with large stakes stakes can can also also ban ban bad actors from bad actors fromparticipating participating within within the the staking staking model. model.

Cosmos SDK(102) Cosmos SDK (102)(Blockchain (Blockchain Framework): Framework):

Cosmos SDK Cosmos SDK (102) (102) comes comes with with a module a module system system that that allows allows developers developers to implement to implement

custom application logic. VESC, VEID, and VECMP can all be built under custom custom application logic. VESC, VEID, and VECMP can all be built under custom modules. modules.

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Cosmos Cosmos SDKSDK (102) (Figure(Figure Architecture 40) describes how an application routes transactions 11 Jul 2024 2024203136 11 Jul 2024

(102) Architecture 40) describes how an application routes transactions

into into different differentmodules. modules. Auth Module Auth Module forforaccount account management, management, Bank Bank ModuleModule for monetary for monetary transactions, Staking transactions, Staking module for network module for networkvalidation, validation,Gov Govmodule moduleforfor network network governance governance and voting. Custom and voting. Modules Custom Modules such such as as thethe VirtEngine VirtEngine Provider Provider Daemon Daemon can becan be built built into into Cosmos Cosmos SDKSDK (102) (102) toto provide provide additionalfunctionality additional functionalitysuch suchasasconnecting connectingtotoananexternal external Third-Party API, Third-Party API, in inthis thisscenario scenariothetheopen-source open-source cloud cloud marketplace systemknown marketplace system knownas as Waldur. Waldur. 2024203136

SLURM SLURM

SLURM (Simple SLURM (Simple Linux Linux Utilityfor Utility for Resource ResourceManagement) Management) is open-source is an an open-source workload workload manager manager andand jobscheduler job scheduler forhigh-performance for high-performance computing computing (HPC)(HPC) systems. systems. It is It is designed designed to to manage the allocation of compute resources and the execution of jobs on a compute manage the allocation of compute resources and the execution of jobs on a compute cluster. cluster.SLURM SLURM isis widely widely used usedin in the the HPC HPCcommunity community andand is considered is considered a complete a complete solution solution for for managing HPCresources managing HPC resources andand executing executing jobs. jobs. It It providesfeatures provides featuressuch suchasas resource resource

allocation, jobscheduling, allocation, job scheduling, resource resource monitoring, monitoring, and joband job accounting. accounting. It is a and It is a flexible flexible and scalable scalable tool tool that that can can be be customized customized to to meet meetthetheneeds needsofofvarious variousHPCHPC environments. environments.

VirtEngine Cloud VirtEngine Cloud Marketplace Marketplace Daemon Daemon

Thebid The bidengine engine queries queries forfor anyany existing existing orders orders on chain, on chain, and based and based on the on the on-chain on-chain provider provider configuration, placesbids configuration, places bidsonon behalf behalf of of thethe configured configured provider provider based based on configured on configured selling prices selling prices

for resources. for Thedaemon resources. The daemon listens listens for for changes changes in theinconfiguration the configuration socan so users users use can use automation automation

tooling to tooling to dynamically dynamically change change the the prices prices they they are charging are charging w/o restarting w/o restarting the daemon. the daemon. You can You can see see the the key key management management codecode forprovider for provider tx tx signinginincmd/run.go. signing cmd/run.go.

cluster cluster

Thecluster The clusterpackage package contains contains the the necessary necessary code code for for interacting interacting with clusters with clusters of compute of compute that a that a provider provider isisoffering offeringononthe the open open marketplace marketplace to deploy to deploy orders orders onofbehalf on behalf users of users

creating creating deployments deployments basedbasedononmanifests. manifests.Providers Providers could could easilyimplement easily implement cluster cluster management solutionssuch management solutions suchasasOpenStack, OpenStack, VMWare, VMWare, OpenShift, OpenShift, Azure, Azure, AWS, AWS, OpenNebula, OpenNebula, CloudStack, Kubernetes etc through VirtEngine-Waldur’s API which supports a wide CloudStack, Kubernetes etc through VirtEngine-Waldur's API which supports a wide array of array of Cloud Computing Cloud Computing systems. systems.

cmd cmd

Thecobra The cobra command command line utility line utility wrapswraps theof the rest rest theofcode the here codeand here and is buildable. is buildable.

event event

Declares thepubsub Declares the pubsub events events thatthat the provider the provider needs needs to take to takeonaction action on won won leases and leases and received received

manifests. manifests.

gateway gateway

Contains handler Contains handler code code for for the the restrest server server exposed exposed by theby the provider provider

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manifest 11 Jul 2024 2024203136 11 Jul 2024

manifest

Contains codetotoparse Contains code parsemanifests manifestspresented presentedby by users users and and interact interact with with the the underlying underlying cloud cloud platform APIs orderbook. platform APIs orderbook.

Waldur Architecture Waldur Architecture Waldurisis aa service Waldur service for for sharing sharing resources resourcesacross across projects. projects. It Itis isbased basedonon the the delegation delegation model model where where a a customer can customer can allocate allocate certain certain users users to to perform perform technical technical or non-technical or non-technical actions actions in the in the projects. projects.

Waldur is composed Waldur is composed of of a a severalcomponents. several components. (Figure (Figure 44)44) 2024203136

• Homeport (web Homeport (web client,graphical client, graphical interface) interface) - React React application application

• Mastermind Mastermind APIAPI server server - Django/Django - Django/Django REST REST Framework Framework application application implementing implementing the the core businesslogic core business logic • Celery workers- - Background Celery workers Background processing processing of tasks of tasks

• Celery beat -- Scheduling Celery beat ofperiodic Scheduling of periodictasks tasksfor forbackground background processing processing

• PostgreSQL database PostgreSQL database - Storing - Storing persistent persistent data, data, also also serves serves as Celery as Celery result result store store in in Kubernetes deployment Kubernetes deployment

• Redis Redis -- Tasks queueand Tasks queue and result result storefor store forCelery Celery(Docker (Docker Compose Compose deployment deployment only) only)

• RabbitMQ - Tasks RabbitMQ - Tasks queue queue and and result result store store for for Celery Celery (Kubernetes (Kubernetes deployment deployment only) only)

Natural LanguageInteraction Natural Language Interaction TheVirtEngine The VirtEnginesystem systemcancan be be enhanced enhanced by implementing by implementing LLM (Language LLM (Language andModels) and Learning Learning thatModels) that allow usersto allow users to interact interact with with the the system usingnatural system using naturallanguage. language. This This AI-based Al-based approach approach will make will make the the interaction interaction between users between users and and thethe system system moremore intuitive intuitive and and user-friendly. user-friendly. UsersUsers wouldwould be to be able able to submit commands submit commands to antoAI anChat AI Chat AgentAgent that that is is then then able able to process to process the request the request within within the VirtEngine the VirtEngine System (byinteracting System (by interactingononbehalf behalfofofthe theuser) user)asaswell wellasasanswer answer questions questions withwith models models trained trained on on VirtEngine related VirtEngine related queries, queries, as as well well as as connect connectusers userswith with human human support support agents. agents.

Thealgorithm The algorithmwill will utilize utilize Natural Natural Language Processing Language Processing (NLP) (NLP) techniques techniques to understand to understand user user input input and identify keywords and identify and keywords and phrases phrases thatthat indicate indicate their their requirements. requirements.

TheLLM The LLM would would be be able able to automatically to automatically generate generate API calls API calls that that are then are then processed processed by theby the system, system, for for example example a auser usermaymay submit submit the the following following request: request: “Destroy "Destroy all Virtual all Virtual Machines Machines that that have have theoftag of the tag DELETEME” DELETEME" - the – the LLM LLM wouldwould then generate then generate an equivalent an equivalent API CallAPI thatCall that destroys destroys all Virtual all Virtual Machines Machines that have the tag DELETEME. Prior to processing the command, the LLM would attempt to identify the that have the tag DELETEME. Prior to processing the command, the LLM would attempt to identify the result result of of the the action action –- this thiscan can be be done bythe done by the LLM LLMinitiating initiating aa command command thatthat pulls pulls allall VM’s VM's withwith thethe tag DELETEME tag DELETEME and and providing providing the user the user with with a response a response such assuch as “Ifound "I have have 3found 3 Virtual Virtual MachinesMachines with with the Tag the DELETEME, Tag DELETEME, the the details details of these of these Virtual Virtual Machines Machines is asisfollows: as follows: #1: #1: Database-Test, 192.168.1.1, Database-Test, 192.168.1.1, Created: Created: 04/05/2023 04/05/2023 #2: #2: Web-Test, 192.168.1.2,Created: Web-Test, 192.168.1.2, Created: 05/06/2023 05/06/2023 #3: #3: DemoDeployment: 192.168.1.3, Created: DemoDeployment: 192.168.1.3, Created: 01/24/2023 01/24/2023

Are you Are yousure sureyou youwould would liketotoproceed like proceed with with deleting deleting these these machines? machines?" “

This response This responsewill willact actas asaasummary summary of the of the users users request request and and also also as a as a confirmation confirmation prior prior to anyto any action being conducted. action being conducted.

31 11 Jul 2024 2024203136 11 Jul 2024

DETAILED DESCRIPTIONSOFOF DETAILED DESCRIPTIONS THE THE FIGURES FIGURES Figure 1: Figure 1:

100. 100. “VirtEngine” 100 is "VirtEngine" 100 is aa system that provides system that provides aa cloud-based platformfor cloud-based platform forusers usersto to access virtual machines, access virtual machines, containers, containers, and supercomputing and supercomputing resources. resources. It It connects connects to to various other various components other components in inthethesystem, system, including including "VE "VE Blockchain" Blockchain" (101), (101), "VE "VE Cloud Cloud

Marketplace" (103),"Cosmos Marketplace" (103), "Cosmos SDK"SDK" (102), (102), "VE"VE Supercomputer" Supercomputer" (106), (106), "VE Cloud "VE Cloud

Integrations" (108), "VE"VE API" (109), andUser "VEInterface" User Interface" (110). (110). 2024203136

Integrations" (108), API" (109), and "VE

101. 101. "VE Blockchain"(101) "VE Blockchain" (101)is is aa decentralized decentralized ledger ledger that that allows allows for forsecure secure and and transparentrecord-keeping transparent record-keepingofoftransactions transactionswithin withinthetheVirtEngine VirtEnginesystem. system.ItItisis connected connected totothethe"Public "PublicLedger" Ledger"(114)(114)and and"Genesis "Genesis Account" Account" (131) (131) forfor storing storing and and

accessing transaction records, accessing transaction records, asas well well as as the the "Cosmos SDK"(102) "Cosmos SDK" (102)forforimplementing implementing blockchain functionality. blockchain functionality.

102. 102. "Cosmos "Cosmos SDK"SDK" (102) (102) isisaasoftware softwaredevelopment development kit kit forfor buildingblockchain building blockchain applications. applications. It Itisis connected connectedto tothethe"VE"VEBlockchain" Blockchain" (101) (101) totoprovide provide the the necessary necessary functionalityfor functionality forthe thedecentralized decentralized ledger. ledger.

103. 103. VE Cloud VE CloudMarketplace Marketplace (103) (103) isisconnected connected to to and and communicates communicates with with the VE the VE API (component API (component 109)109) andand thethe VE VE User User Interface Interface (component (component 110).110). The The VE VEallows API API allows for programmatic for accesstotothe programmatic access themarketplace marketplace andand enables enables users users to automate to automate the the process process ofof purchasing andselling purchasing and selling cloud services. The cloud services. The VE VE User Interface provides User Interface provides aa graphical graphical interface interface for forusers userstotointeract interactwith withthe themarketplace marketplace and and make purchases make purchases and sales. and sales.

VE Cloud VE CloudMarketplace Marketplace (103) (103) isisalso alsoconnected connectedtoto theVEVE the Waldur Waldur (component (component 107) 107) marketplace system marketplace system which which subsequently subsequently connects connects to VEtoCloud VE Cloud Integrations Integrations (component 108),which (component 108), which enables enables thethe marketplace marketplace to interface to interface withwith various various cloud cloud

service providers such as OpenStack (component 127) and Kubernetes (component service providers such as OpenStack (component 127) and Kubernetes (component

128). Thisallows 128). This allowsusers users to to access access and and purchase purchase a variety a variety of cloudof cloud services services from from different different providers providers through the VE through the VECloud CloudMarketplace Marketplace 103. 103.

VE Cloud VE CloudMarketplace Marketplace (103) (103) isisfurther furtherconnected connectedto to theVEVE the Supercomputer Supercomputer

(component 106) (component 106) and and thethe VE VE SLURM SLURM Clusters Clusters (component (component 113). 113). The VEThe VE Supercomputer Supercomputer is is a ahigh-performance high-performance computing computing systemsystem that provides that provides powerful powerful computationalresources computational resources forforusers. users.The TheVEVESLURM SLURM Clusters Clusters are are groups groups of compute of compute

nodes (component nodes (component 114)114) thatthat areare managed managed by Simple by the the Simple LinuxLinux Utility Utility for for Resource Resource Management (SLURM) Management (SLURM) scheduling scheduling system. system. The connection The connection betweenbetween the VE Cloud the VE Cloud

Marketplace (103)and Marketplace (103) andthese thesecomponents components enables enables usersusers to purchase to purchase and access and access the the

computationalresources computational resources provided provided by by thethe VE VE Supercomputer Supercomputer and VEand VE SLURM SLURM ClustersClusters

throughthe through themarketplace. marketplace. VE Cloud VE CloudMarketplace Marketplace (103) (103) alsointerfaces also interfaceswith withthe theVEVETokens Tokens (component (component 105),105),

which are digital assets that can be used to purchase and sell cloud services on the which are digital assets that can be used to purchase and sell cloud services on the

marketplace. TheVEVETokens marketplace. The Tokens are are connected connected to the to the VE VE Blockchain Blockchain (component (component 101) 101) and the Public and the Public Ledger Ledger (component (component 114), 114), which which areare used used to track to track andand verify verify

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transactions made madeusing usingthe theVEVETokens. Tokens.VEVE Identification104, 104,isis aa component component that 11 Jul 2024 2024203136 11 Jul 2024

transactions Identification that manages useridentities manages user identitieswithin withinthe theVirtEngine VirtEnginesystem. system.ItIt is is connected to the connected to the VE VE Account112 Account 112and andthetheVEVE Custom Custom Modules Modules 111, 111, allowing allowing it toitverify to verify user user identitiesand identities and grant access grant to resources access to within the resources within the system. system. ItIt isisconnected connected to to Tensorflow 117inin Tensorflow 117 order toprocess order to process data data and and provide provide an overall an overall score score for the for the identity identity of a user. of a user.

104. 104. VirtEngine (VE) VirtEngine (VE) Tokens (104)are Tokens (104) are digital digital assets assetsthat thatrepresent represent the the underlying underlying

value within value within the the VirtEngine VirtEngine system. system. These Thesetokens tokensmay maybe be used used forfor various various purposes purposes within the the VirtEngine ecosystem,suchsuchasastotopurchase purchaseresources resources oror servicesfrom from the 2024203136

within VirtEngine ecosystem, services the

VE Cloud VE CloudMarketplace Marketplace (103),totoaccess (103), accesscertain certainfeatures featuresororfunctionality functionality within within the the system, system, oror toto stake stake in in order order to participate to participate in theinVEthe VE Staking Staking NetworkNetwork (150). (150). VE Tokens (104) are typically stored within the Identity Wallet (112), which is a VE Tokens (104) are typically stored within the Identity Wallet (112), which is a

digital digital wallet thatisis used wallet that usedtotomanage manage and securely and securely store digital store digital assets. assets. The Identity The Identity

Wallet (122) Wallet (122) is is connected connected to to the the Identity Identity Network (111),which Network (111), whichisis aa decentralized decentralized network that is used to verify and validate the authenticity of the VE(104). network that is used to verify and validate the authenticity of the VE Tokens Tokens (104). This network This maybebeconnected network may connected to various to various identity identity services(110), services (110),such suchasasthose those provided provided bybygovernment government agencies agencies (151) (151) or or social social media media platforms platforms (152), (152), in in order order to to

verify the identity of the user associated with the Identity Wallet (112). verify the identity of the user associated with the Identity Wallet (112).

VE Tokens VE Tokens(104) (104)may mayalso alsobebeused used toto accesscertain access certainfeatures featuresororfunctionality functionalitywithin within the VirtEngine the VirtEngine system, system, such suchas as the the VE VESupercomputer Supercomputer (106) (106) or or thethe VE VE Cloud Cloud

Integrations Integrations (108). (108). These These components components are are connected connected to the to the VE VE Tokens Tokens (104) (104) through through

the VirtEngine the VirtEngine (100) (100) and and the the Cosmos Cosmos SDK SDK (102), (102), which which is is a a software software development development kit kit

that is that isused used to tobuild buildand and deploy deploy decentralized decentralized applications applications within within the the VirtEngine VirtEngine ecosystem. ecosystem. VE VETokens Tokens (104) (104) may may alsoalso be be used used to to purchase purchase resources resources or services or services fromfrom

the VE the VE Cloud CloudMarketplace Marketplace (103),such (103), suchasasvirtual virtualmachines machines(137), (137),containers containers(138), (138), and VESupercomputer and VE Supercomputer (106) (106) which which may may be used be used toapplications to run run applications or workloads or workloads

within the within the VirtEngine system. VirtEngine system.

105. 105. VE Identification VE Identification 105105 is isaacomponent component of ofthe theVirtEngine VirtEnginesystem systemasasshown shownin in Figure 1.ItIt is Figure 1. is responsible forverifying responsible for verifyingthethe identity identity of users of users whotowant who want to the access access the system andits system and its various various services. services. ToTo do do this, this,it it employs employsa anumber number of of different differentmethods methods

including identityverification, including identity verification, identity identity services, services, authentication authentication and identity and identity network.network.

VE Identification VE Identification 105 105 is isconnected with VE connected with VE Authentication Authentication112, 112,providing providinga amethod method for users for users to to access access their theiruser useraccounts accounts via viaLedger Ledger Accounts, Accounts, and Non-CustodialKey and Non-Custodial Key Management. Management.

The identity verification component 119 is responsible for verifying the identity of The identity verification component 119 is responsible for verifying the identity of

users users through variousmethods through various methods such such as as email email verification147, verification 147,SMS SMS verification148, verification 148, and twofactor and two factorauthentication authentication150. 150.These Thesemethods methods are are usedused to confirm to confirm the the identity identity

of users and ensure that only authorized individuals are able to access the system. of users and ensure that only authorized individuals are able to access the system.

The identity The identity services services component 111 component 111 is isresponsible responsiblefor forproviding providingservices servicesrelated relatedto to identity verificationsuch identity verification suchas as identity identity wallet wallet 113,113, biometric biometric sensorssensors 142, and142, and facial facial

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recognition 142. These services help help to further confirmconfirm the identity of users and 11 Jul 2024 2024203136 11 Jul 2024

recognition 142. These services to further the identity of users and

enhance securitywithin enhance security withinthe thesystem. system.

The identity The identity network component network component 112 112 is responsible is responsible forfor connecting connecting the the various various identity-related identity-related components withinthe components within theVirtEngine VirtEnginesystem systemandand enabling enabling communication between communication between them.them. It ensures It ensures that that the the various various methods methods and services and services used foridentity used for identityverification verification areare able able to work to work together together effectively effectively to confirm to confirm the the identity ofusers. identity of users. 2024203136

VE Identification VE Identification 105 105 is isconnected to VE connected to Tokens104 VE Tokens 104through through the the VEVE API API 109. 109. This This connection allowsthe connection allows thesystem systemtotoprovide providerewards rewardsto to compute compute ownersowners and charge and charge customers usingthe customers using thesystem. system.ByByverifying verifyingthetheidentity identity of of users users through the various through the various methods methods andand servicesdescribed services described above, above, VE VE Identification104 Identification 104is isable abletotoensure ensurethat that only authorized individuals are able to access the system and its services, and that only authorized individuals are able to access the system and its services, and that

theyare they arecharged charged appropriately appropriately for their for their use. use.

106. 106. VE Supercomputer VE Supercomputer 106106 is component is a a component within within the VirtEngine the VirtEngine system system (100)(100) that is responsible for providing high-performance computing (HPC) capabilitiestoto that is responsible for providing high-performance computing (HPC) capabilities

users. users. It Itisis connected connectedtotoa anumber number ofof other other components within components within the the system, system, including including VE API VE API 109, 109, VEVE User UserInterface Interface 110, 110, VE VEAccounts Accounts112, 112,VEVETokens Tokens 104, 104, VE VE Cloud Cloud Marketplace Marketplace 103,103,and andVEVE SLURM SLURM Clusters Clusters 113.113.

VE Supercomputer VE Supercomputer 106106 is connected is connected to API to VE VE API 109,109, which which allows allows it to it to interface interface with with other components other components within within thethe system system andand expose expose its capabilities its capabilities to to external external applications and applications users. VE and users. VE API API 109 also enables 109 also users to enables users to access access and andinteract interact with with the the supercomputer supercomputer viavia a a web-based web-based interface, interface, such such as as through through a web a web browser. browser.

VE Supercomputer VE Supercomputer 106106 is alsoconnected is also connected to VE to VE User User Interface Interface 110110 via via VE VE APIAPI 109, 109, whichprovides which providesaauser-friendly user-friendly interface interface through whichusers through which userscan canaccess accessand andutilize utilize the supercomputer's the supercomputer'scapabilities. capabilities. VE VEUser UserInterface Interface110 110may may include include features features such such as as aa graphical graphical user user interface interface (GUI), (GUI),command-line interface(CLI), command-line interface (CLI), and and various various tools tools and and

resources for configuring resources for configuring and managingthethesupercomputer. and managing supercomputer. VE Supercomputer VE Supercomputer 106106 is connected is connected to Accounts to VE VE Accounts 112, 112, whichwhich stores stores and manages and manages

user user accounts withinthe accounts within the VirtEngine VirtEnginesystem. system.VEVEAccounts Accounts 112 112 allows allows users users to to securely securely log log in in to tothe thesupercomputer andaccess supercomputer and accesstheir theirresources resourcesand andconfigurations. configurations. VE Supercomputer VE Supercomputer 106106 is connected is connected to Cloud to VE VE Cloud Marketplace Marketplace 103, which 103, which provides provides

Platform-as-a-Service functionality through Platform-as-a-Service functionality VEWaldur through VE Waldur107 107 VE Supercomputer VE Supercomputer 106106 is connected is connected to Tokens to VE VE Tokens 104 through 104 through a connection a connection that that allows allows for for the the exchange exchange ofof tokens tokensas as aa form formofof payment payment oror reward. reward. When When customers customers

use the VE use the Supercomputer VE Supercomputer 106106to to perform perform computational computational tasks,tasks, they they may bemay be required to pay required to in VE pay in VE Tokens Tokens 104104asasaa form formofofpayment. payment. Similarly,the Similarly, theowners ownersofofthe the VE Supercomputer VE Supercomputer 106106 maymay be rewarded be rewarded in VE in VE Tokens Tokens 104 for104 for providing providing accessaccess to to their computational resources. This connection between VE Supercomputer 105 and their computational resources. This connection between VE Supercomputer 105 and VE Tokens VE Tokens104104allows allowsfor foraaflexible flexible and secure means and secure meansofofexchange exchange thatthat can can be be easily easily

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tracked and andmanaged managed through the the use use of the VE Blockchain 101.101. The The VE Blockchain 11 Jul 2024 2024203136 11 Jul 2024

tracked through of the VE Blockchain VE Blockchain 101 serves as 101 serves as aa decentralized ledger that decentralized ledger that records all transactions records all transactionsinvolving involvingVE VETokens Tokens 104, ensuring 104, ensuring transparency transparency and security and security for allfor all parties parties involved. involved.

VE Supercomputer VE Supercomputer 106106 is alsoconnected is also connected to VE to VE SLURM SLURM Clusters Clusters 113, 113, whichwhich provides provides supportfor support for managing managingand and scheduling scheduling workloads workloads within within the the supercomputer. supercomputer. VE VE SLURM SLURM Clusters113 Clusters 113 may may include include features features such such as job as job scheduling, scheduling, resource resource

allocation, allocation, and and monitoring tools for monitoring tools for optimizing optimizing the the utilization utilizationofof the supercomputer. the supercomputer. 2024203136

107. 107. VE Waldur VE Waldur107 107isisaacomponent component of of thethe VirtEngine VirtEngine system, system, as as shown shown in Figure in Figure

2. 2. It Itisis connected connectedto tovarious variousother othercomponents components of ofthe thesystem, system,including includingVE VECloud Cloud Integrations Integrations 108, 108, VE API 109, VE API 109, VE Supercomputer VE Supercomputer 106, 106, andand VE VE User User Interface Interface 110. 110.

VE Waldur VE Waldur107 107isisresponsible responsiblefor forproviding providingaaplatform platformfor for managing managing cloud cloud resources resources within the VirtEngine system. It allows users to create, provision, and manage virtual within the VirtEngine system. It allows users to create, provision, and manage virtual

machines, containers,and machines, containers, andother othercloud cloudresources resourcesthrough through a user-friendly a user-friendly interface. interface.

VE Waldur VE Waldur107 107isisconnected connectedto to VEVE Cloud Cloud Integrations Integrations 108, 108, which which is is responsible responsible forfor integrating with integrating with various various cloud cloud platforms platforms and services. and services. ThisVirtEngine This allows allows VirtEngine users to users to access and manage access and manage resources resources on on a variety a variety of of cloud cloud platforms, platforms, such such as as OpenStack OpenStack and and

Kubernetes. Kubernetes.

VE Waldur VE Waldur107 107isisalso also connected connectedtotothe theVEVESupercomputer Supercomputer 106 component, 106 component, which which allows allows it itto tomanage the allocation manage the allocation of of resources resources within within the the VirtEngine VirtEngine system's system's supercomputer supercomputer 106. 106. This This includes includes allocatingcompute allocating compute nodes, nodes, managing managing the workload the workload of of the the supercomputer, and supercomputer, and ensuring ensuring that that resources resources areare used used efficiently. efficiently.

VE Waldur VE Waldur107 107isisalso also connected connectedtotothe theVEVEAPI API109, 109,which which provides provides an an interface interface for for interacting interacting with with the the VirtEngine VirtEngine system programmatically.This system programmatically. Thisallows allowsdevelopers developerstoto build build custom applications and custom applications andintegrations integrationsthat that interact interact with with the the VirtEngine system VirtEngine system and manage and manage cloud cloud resources. resources.

Finally, Finally,VEVEWaldur Waldur 107 is connected 107 is to the connected to the VE VE User UserInterface Interface 110, 110,which whichprovides providesa a user-friendly user-friendly interface interface for forinteracting interactingwith withthe theVirtEngine VirtEnginesystem system and and managing managing cloud resources. This cloud resources. This allows allows users users to to easily easilyaccess accessand and manage their resources manage their resourceswithin within the VirtEngine the VirtEngine system. system. 108. 108. VE Cloud VE CloudIntegrations Integrations108 108isis aa component component ofof theVirtEngine the VirtEnginesystem system that that

enables the integration enables the integration ofof the the VirtEngine VirtEngine system withvarious system with variouscloud cloudplatforms. platforms.This This component component is isresponsible responsibleforforproviding providingananinterface interfacefor forconnecting connectingthe theVirtEngine VirtEngine system system toto various various cloud cloudplatforms, platforms,suchsuchasasOpenStack OpenStack 127 127 andand Kubernetes Kubernetes 128,128, and and

for enabling for enabling the the VirtEngine VirtEngine system system to to access access and andutilize utilize the the resources resources and services and services

provided provided by bythese thesecloud cloudplatforms. platforms.The TheVEVECloud Cloud Integrationscomponent Integrations componentis is

connected connected totothetheVEVESupercomputer Supercomputer 106 106 and and theCloud the VE VE Cloud Marketplace Marketplace 103, 103, and it and it enables thesecomponents enables these components to to access access andand utilizethe utilize theresources resources and and services services provided provided by by the the various various cloud cloud platforms that are platforms that are integrated integrated with with the the VirtEngine VirtEngine system. system.TheThe VE Cloud Integrations component is also connected to the VE API 109, and it enables VE Cloud Integrations component is also connected to the VE API 109, and it enables

the VE the VE API API toto access access and utilize the and utilize theresources resources and and services services provided provided byby the the various various

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cloud platformsthat that are are integrated integrated with with the the VirtEngine VirtEngine system. system.This This allows allows users users of of 11 Jul 2024 2024203136 11 Jul 2024

cloud platforms the VirtEngine the VirtEngine system systemtotoaccess accessand andutilize utilize the the resources and services resources and services provided providedbyby the integrated the integrated cloud cloud platforms platformsthrough throughthe theVEVEAPI API109 109 and and thethe VE VE User User Interface Interface 110. 110.

109. 109. TheVirtEngine The VirtEngine APIAPI (109) (109) is aissoftware a software interface interface that allows that allows differentdifferent components components withinwithin thethe VirtEngine VirtEngine system system to to communicate communicate with other with each each other and and exchange exchange data.data.ItIt acts acts as as aa bridge bridge between between thethevarious variouscomponents components of of thethe system, system,

allowing themtotointeract interact and andcollaborate collaborateto to perform performvarious varioustasks. tasks.The TheAPI APIallows allows 2024203136

allowing them the VirtEngine the VirtEngine system systemtotoaccess accessandandmanipulate manipulate data data stored stored in in thetheVEVE Blockchain Blockchain (101), (101), VEVE Cloud Marketplace(103), Cloud Marketplace (103),VEVESupercomputer Supercomputer (106), (106), and and otherother components components of of the the system. system. ItItalso alsoenables enables external externalapplications applicationsand and systems systems toto access access and use and use thecapabilities the capabilitiesofofthetheVirtEngine VirtEngine system system through through a set ofa defined set of defined interfacesinterfaces and and protocols. protocols. The API may The API beimplemented may be implemented using using a variety a variety of of technologies, technologies, such such as as

RESTful RESTful webwebservices servicesor or GraphQL, GraphQL,and andmaymay be be exposed exposed to external to external clients clients through through various methods, various methods,such suchasasHTTP HTTP oror WebSockets. WebSockets. The The API API may may be secured be secured using using various authentication various authentication and andauthorization authorizationmechanisms, mechanisms, such such as OAuth as OAuth or JWT, or JWT, as well as well as Multifactor Authentication for sensitive transactions to ensure that only as Multifactor Authentication for sensitive transactions to ensure that only

authorized usersand authorized users andsystems systemscan canaccess accessandanduseuse thethe VirtEngine VirtEngine system system as its as its intended. intended.

110. 110. VE User VE UserInterface Interface 110 110isis aa component component ofof theVirtEngine the VirtEnginesystem system that that allows allows users users totointeract interactwith withandand access access various various features features and functionality and functionality of the platform. of the platform.

It It is isconnected connected toto VEVE Identification Identification 104,104, which which is responsible is responsible for verifying for verifying the identity the identity

of of users users andand providing secure access providing secure access toto the the system. system. This This connection connectionallows allowsthetheuser user interface interface to to present present personalized options and personalized options andfeatures featurestotousers users based basedonontheir their verified identity. verified identity. VE User VE UserInterface Interface 110 110is is also also connected to VE connected to VETokens Tokens105, 105,which whichisisresponsible responsiblefor for managing managing andand issuingvirtual issuing virtual tokens tokensthat thatcan canbebeused usedasasaaform formofofpayment payment or or

reward withinthe reward within theVirtEngine VirtEnginesystem. system.This Thisconnection connectionallows allowsthe theuser userinterface interfacetoto present options present options forfor purchasing purchasing and tokens, and using using tokens, as displaying as well as well as displaying the user's the user's

current token balance. current token balance. VE User VE UserInterface Interface 110 110is is connected toVE connected to VEAPI API109, 109,which whichprovides providesa aprogrammatic programmatic interface interface for for accessing accessing and and interacting interacting with with the the VirtEngine VirtEngine platform. platform. This Thisconnection connection

allows allows the the user user interface interface toto make requeststo make requests to the the API API and anddisplay display the the resulting resulting data data

and functionality to the user. and functionality to the user.

VE User VE UserInterface Interface 110 110is is connected toVE connected to VECloud CloudMarketplace Marketplace 103, 103, which which is ais platform a platform for buying for buying and selling computing and selling resourceswithin computing resources withinthe theVirtEngine VirtEnginesystem. system.This This connection allowsthe connection allows theuser userinterface interface to to present presentoptions optionsforfor purchasing purchasingand andselling selling resources, as well as displaying the current state of the marketplace. resources, as well as displaying the current state of the marketplace.

VE User VE UserInterface Interface 110 110is is connected toVE connected to VESupercomputer Supercomputer105,105, which which is aisplatform a platform for for

running high-performance running high-performance computing computing taskstasks on the on the VirtEngine VirtEngine system. system. ThisThis connection allowsthe connection allows theuser userinterface interface to to present presentoptions optionsfor for running runningtasks tasks on onthe the

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supercomputer, asas wellasasdisplaying displayingthe thestatus status and andprogress progressofoftasks tasks that that are are 11 Jul 2024 2024203136 11 Jul 2024

supercomputer, well currently currently running. running.

111. 111. VE Custom VE CustomModules Modules (111) (111) component component is used is used to extend to extend the functionality the functionality of of the Cosmos the Cosmos SDKSDK blockchain blockchain (102) (102) by by providing providing a framework a framework for the for the development development of of additional additional modules. modules. TheTheVEVECustom Custom Modules Modules component component is connected is connected to the to the Cosmos Cosmos SDK blockchainthrough SDK blockchain throughthe theuse useofofAPIs, APIs,which whichallow allowthe thecustom custom modules modules to interact to interact with and with andmake makeuseuseofofthe thefeatures featuresand andfunctionality functionalityprovided providedbybythetheblockchain. blockchain.InIn the VirtEngine VirtEngine system, system, the the VEVECustom Custom Modules component is used to support the the 2024203136

the Modules component is used to support development development of of theVEID the VEID (VE(VE Identification104), Identification 104),VESC VESC (VESupercomputer (VE Supercomputer 106),106), and and VECMP VECMP (VE(VE Cloud Cloud Marketplace Marketplace 103)103) modules, modules, whichwhich provideprovide additional additional features features and and functionality within functionality within the the VirtEngine VirtEngine system. system.

112. 112. VE Authentication VE Authentication112112component component is used is used to authenticate to authenticate usersusers intointo VirtEngine 100, VirtEngine 100, VE VE Authentication Authentication112 112provides providesaccess access forusers for userssecured secured using using various authentication various authentication andandauthorization authorizationmechanisms, mechanisms, such such as OAuth as OAuth or JWT, or JWT, as well as well as Multifactor Authentication for sensitive transactions to ensure that only as Multifactor Authentication for sensitive transactions to ensure that only

authorized users and authorized users andsystems systemscancanaccess accessand anduseuse thethe VirtEngine VirtEngine system system as its as its intended. intended. VEVEAuthentication Authentication112 112also alsoenables enablesaccess accesstotothe theplatform platform viaSSO via SSO Providers such as Providers such as Google, Google, Facebook, Facebook,Microsoft, Microsoft,andandActive ActiveDirectory Directory implementations. implementations.

113. 113. VE Accounts VE Accounts113 113isisaa component component that that manages manages user user accounts accounts and their and their associated permissionswithin associated permissions withinthe theVirtEngine VirtEnginesystem. system.This Thiscomponent component allows allows users users to to create and manage create and manage theirown their own accounts, accounts, as as well well as as assignpermissions assign permissionsto to other other users, users, enabling themtotoaccess enabling them accessand andmanage manage various various resources resources within within the the system. system.

114. 114. VE SLURM VE SLURM Clusters114114 Clusters is isa acomponent component thatthat manages manages the creation the creation and and deployment deployment ofof SLURM SLURM clusters clusters within within thethe VirtEngine VirtEngine system. system. SLURM SLURM is a is a popular popular open-source clustermanagement open-source cluster management and and job scheduling job scheduling system system used used in in high- high- performance computing performance computing environments. environments. This This component component allows allows users users to to create create and and manage SLURM manage SLURM clusters, clusters, as as well well asas submit submit jobs jobs to to these these clusters,through clusters, throughthethe VirtEngine User VirtEngine User Interface Interface 110. 110. 115. 115. VE Compute VE Compute Nodes Nodes 115 115 is aiscomponent a componentthat that manages manages the allocation the allocation and and scheduling of compute scheduling of computenodes nodes within within thethe VirtEngine VirtEngine system. system. Compute Compute nodesnodes are are

physical physical or or virtual virtualmachines machines that that are are used used to to run run jobs jobs submitted to the submitted to the VE VE

Supercomputer106 Supercomputer 106 116. 116. VE Benchmarking VE Benchmarking 116: 116: This This component component is responsible is responsible for for measuring measuring the the

performance performance ofofthethecompute compute nodes nodes within within the the VirtEngine VirtEngine system. system. ThisThis can can be used be used

to assess the capabilities of the system, optimize resource allocation, and identify to assess the capabilities of the system, optimize resource allocation, and identify

potential potential bottlenecks. bottlenecks.

117. 117. VE Metric VE MetricData Data117: 117:This Thiscomponent component stores stores data data related related to to thethe performance performance

of the compute nodes in the VirtEngine system. This data can be used to of the compute nodes in the VirtEngine system. This data can be used to trackthe track the

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performance performance ofofthethesystem system over time, and to to identifytrends trendsororpatterns patternsthat thatmay maybebe 11 Jul 2024 2024203136 11 Jul 2024

over time, and identify relevant tooptimizing relevant to optimizing resource resource utilization. utilization.

118. 118. TensorFlow118, TensorFlow 118,TensorFlow TensorFlow is is a a software software libraryfor library formachine machine learning learning and and deep learningthat deep learning that allows allows users users to to train train and and deploy machinelearning deploy machine learningmodels. models.ItItisis connected connected to to thethe VirtEngine VirtEngine 100 100 and and the the VE Identification VE Identification 104, indicating 104, indicating that it is that it is

used for machine used for learningtasks machine learning taskswithin withinthe thesystem. system. 119. 119. VE Mobile VE MobileApplication Application119,119,isis aa mobile application that mobile application that allows allows users users to to access access 2024203136

and interact with and interact with the the VirtEngine VirtEngine system system fromfromtheir theirmobile mobiledevices. devices.ItIt is is connected to connected to theVirtEngine the VirtEngine100100 and and theUser the VE VE Interface User Interface 110, indicating 110, indicating that it isthat useditas is aused as a means forusers means for usersto to access access and andinteract interact with with the the system. system. 120. 120. Identity Verification110, Identity Verification 110,is is a a function function of the of the system system that that is is to used used to verify verify the the identity identity ofofusers. users.ItIt is is connected connected to to thethe VE Identification VE Identification 104 104 and and the the Identity Identity Services Services

110, indicating that it is used to verify the identity of users through the use 110, indicating that it is used to verify the identity of users through the use of of various various

identity services. identity services.

121. 121. Identity Services111111 Identity Services is is a system a system thatthat is responsible is responsible for managing for managing the the identities of users within the VirtEngine system. It is connected to the Identity Wallet identities of users within the VirtEngine system. It is connected to the Identity Wallet

113, 113, which stores the which stores the identity identity information information and andallows allowsusers usersto to manage manage theiridentity their identity information. It is also connected to the Identity Network 122, which is a information. It is also connected to the Identity Network 122, which is a

decentralized network decentralized networkofofidentity-verifying identity-verifying nodes nodesthatthat help helpto to ensure ensurethe theintegrity integrity and securityofofthethe and security identity identity information. information. The Identity The Identity Services Services 111issystem 111 system also is also connected connected totothe theIdentity Identity System System132, 132,which which isisaacentralized centralizedsystem systemthat thatisis responsible responsible for for managing managing the theoverall overallidentity identity infrastructure infrastructure within within the the VirtEngine VirtEngine system. system. ItIt isisalso also connected connected to to the the Email Email Verification Verification148 148and and SMS Verification 149 SMS Verification 149 systems, whichare systems, which areused usedtotoverify verify the the identity identity ofof users users through through email email and SMS and SMS

messages. messages. It It is is connected connected to to the the Two FactorAuthentication Two Factor Authentication150 150 system, system, which which adds adds an additionallayer an additional layerof of security security to the to the identity identity verification verification process process by requiring by requiring users users to provide to provide a a second second form formofofauthentication authenticationininorder ordertotoaccess accesstheir their identity identity information. information.

Identity Identity Services Services provides provides the the VE VE Identification Identificationsystem system with with aa direct directimplementation implementation to Tensorflow to 118 Tensorflow 118

122. 122. The Identity The Identity Network Network 122122isisaa decentralized decentralizednetwork network thatisisused that usedtoto authenticate usersand authenticate users anddevices deviceswithin withinthe theVirtEngine VirtEnginesystem. system.ItIt uses uses blockchain blockchain technologytotosecurely technology securelystore store and andmanage manage identity identity information, information, including including personal personal data and authentication data and authenticationcredentials. credentials. The TheIdentity Identity Network Networkisisconnected connected toto the the Identity Identity System 132, which System 132, whichisis responsible responsible forfor managing theoverall managing the overallidentity identity management process management process within within the the VirtEngine VirtEngine system. system. The The Identity Identity Network Network is also is also connected connected totothe theIdentity Identity Wallet Wallet113, 113,which whichisis used usedto to securely securely store store and andmanage manage digital assets, such as VE Tokens 105 and other digital currencies. Additionally, the digital assets, such as VE Tokens 105 and other digital currencies. Additionally, the

Identity Identity Network Network isis connected connected to tothe theIdentity Identity Services Services 111, 111, which whichprovides providesaarange rangeofof

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services relatedtotoidentity identity management, including identity identity verification, 11 Jul 2024 2024203136 11 Jul 2024

services related management, including verification,

authentication, authentication, andand authorization. authorization. The TheIdentity Identity Network Networkisisdesigned designedtotoprovide providea a secure andreliable secure and reliable means means ofofidentifying identifying and and authenticating authenticatingusersuserswithin withinthe the VirtEngine system, VirtEngine system,ensuring ensuringthat thatonly onlyauthorized authorizedusers usershave haveaccess accesstotothe theresources resources and services provided and services providedby bythe thesystem. system. 123. 123. Identity Wallet113, Identity Wallet 113,is is a a digitalwallet digital wallet that that is is used used to store to store and manage and manage

identity identity information information for for users. users. ItIt is is connected connectedtotothetheIdentity IdentityNetwork Network122 122 and and the the VE VE Accounts113, 113,indicating indicating that that itit isisused usedtotostore storeand andmanage identity information for 2024203136

Accounts manage identity information for users users within within the the VirtEngine VirtEngine system. system.

124. 124. Service Service Offerings Offerings 124: 124: This This component referstotothe component refers thevarious variousservices services that that are are offered by the offered by the VirtEngine VirtEngine system. system. These Theseservices servicesmay mayinclude includethings thingslike like compute compute resources, storage, networking, resources, storage, andother networking, and otherinfrastructure infrastructurecomponents components that that areare necessary for running necessary for runningworkloads workloadsononthethesystem. system. 125. 125. Public Public Ledger 125: This Ledger 125: This component component refersreferstotothe thepublicly-available publicly-available ledger ledger that that is used to track the transactions and interactions that occur within the VirtEngine is used to track the transactions and interactions that occur within the VirtEngine

system. Thisledger system. This ledger cancan be used be used to verify to verify the authenticity the authenticity of transactions, of transactions, and to and to ensure that the ensure that the system systemisis operating operating in in aa transparent transparent andandtrustworthy trustworthymanner. manner. 126. 126. Sensitive Data Sensitive Data Storage 126: This Storage 126: This component component referstotothe refers thesecure securestorage storage system that is used to store sensitive data within the VirtEngine system. This can system that is used to store sensitive data within the VirtEngine system. This can

include thingslike include things likeuser user credentials, credentials, financial financial data, data, and other and other information information that needs that needs

to be to be protected fromunauthorized protected from unauthorized access. access.

127. 127. OpenStack 127,isisaa software OpenStack 127, softwareplatform platformthat thatprovides providescloud cloudcomputing computing services services for for building buildingand and managing public, private, managing public, private, and and hybrid hybrid clouds. clouds. OpenStack is OpenStack is

connected connected totocomponent component115,115, Sensitive Sensitive Data Data Storage, Storage, which which is aissystem a system designed designed to to securely securely store store and manage and manage sensitivedata sensitive datawithin withinthe theVirtEngine VirtEnginesystem. system. 128. 128. Kubernetes 128,isis an Kubernetes 128, an open-source open-sourcecontainer container orchestration orchestration system system that that is is used to manage used to managecontainerized containerized applications applications inina aclustered clusteredenvironment. environment. Kubernetes Kubernetes is is connected connected totocomponent component137,137, Virtual Virtual Machine, Machine, which which is a issoftware a software emulation emulation of a of a

physical physical computer thatallows computer that allowsthe theVirtEngine VirtEnginesystem systemtotorunrunmultiple multipleoperating operating systems andapplications systems and applicationsononaasingle single physical physical machine. machine.

129. 129. Orders 129, is Orders 129, is aa system used to system used to manage manage orders orders placed placed within within thethe VirtEngine VirtEngine system, including system, including thethe tracking tracking of orders of orders and and the the provisioning provisioning of resources of resources to fulfill to fulfill

those orders. those orders. Orders Ordersis is connected connected to tocomponent component 126, 126, Sensitive Sensitive Data Data Storage, Storage, which which stores stores and manages and manages sensitivedata sensitive datarelated relatedtotothe theorders ordersplaced placedwithin withinthe theVirtEngine VirtEngine system. system.

130. 130. HPC Plugins 130, HPC Plugins 130, are are plugins plugins designed designedtotoenhance enhancethetheperformance performance and and capabilities capabilitiesofofthe theVirtEngine VirtEnginesystem system for forhigh-performance computing high-performance computing (HPC) (HPC) applications. applications. HPC Plugins are HPC Plugins are connected connected totocomponent component 136, 136, SLURMSLURM Workload Workload

Cluster, Cluster, which which is isaasystem system used used to to manage andschedule manage and schedule workloads workloads on aon a cluster cluster of of

compute nodes within the VirtEngine system. compute nodes within the VirtEngine system.

39

131. The Identification Identification System 131isis aa component component ofof theVirtEngine VirtEnginesystem system thatis is 11 Jul 2024 2024203136 11 Jul 2024

131. The System 131 the that responsible forverifying responsible for verifying thethe identity identity of users of users and devices. and devices. It includes It includes a range aof range tools of tools

and technologiesthat and technologies thatare are used usedtotoconfirm confirmthe theauthenticity authenticityofof user user identity identity claims claims and establish trust and establish trust between parties. between parties.

The Identification The Identification System is connected System is toaa number connected to number ofof othercomponents other components within within the the VirtEngine system, VirtEngine system,including including the the Sensitive Sensitive Data Storage115, Data Storage 115,the theGenesis GenesisAccounts Accounts 126, 126, the the Identity Identity Services Services 110, 110, and and the the Identity IdentityNetwork 211. It Network 211. It also alsohas has connections connections to external external systems andservices, services, including including the the Web Scopes142, 142,Google Google 143, 2024203136

to systems and Web Scopes 143, Facebook 144,and Facebook 144, andMicrosoft Microsoft 145, 145, which which areare used used forfor identityverification identity verificationand and authentication. authentication.

Identity Identity System System is is connected connected toto component component 139,139, Camera, Camera, whichwhich is used is used to capture to capture images images ofof users users forfor thethe purposes purposes of identity of identity verification. verification. Identity Identity System System is also is also

connected connected totocomponent component 140,140, Biometric Biometric Sensors, Sensors, which which are sensors are sensors used used to collect to collect biometric data from users for identity verification purposes. biometric data from users for identity verification purposes.

The Identification System is designed to be highly secure and reliable, using a The Identification System is designed to be highly secure and reliable, using a

combination combination ofofbiometric biometricdata, data,facial facial recognition, recognition, and two-factorauthentication and two-factor authenticationtoto ensure that only ensure that only authorized authorizedusers usersand anddevices devicesare aregranted grantedaccess accesstotothethesystem. system.ItIt also also includes includes mechanisms forstoring mechanisms for storingand andmanaging managing sensitive sensitive data data in in a a secure secure manner, includingsupport manner, including supportfor forencrypted encrypteddata data storage storage and and secure secure keykey management. management.

132. 132. Genesis Account132, Genesis Account 132,isis the the first first account account created created within within the the VirtEngine VirtEngine system andisis used system and usedto to manage manage the the initial distribution initial distribution ofof tokens tokens and and resources within resources within the system. the system. Genesis GenesisAccount Accountisisconnected connected to to component component 115, 115, Sensitive Sensitive DataData Storage, Storage, whichstores which stores and andmanages manages sensitive sensitive data data related related toto theUser the User Accounts Accounts such such as as Order Order Information, Provider Connections, Information, Provider Connections,and andoverall overalladministration administrationdata. data. 133. 133. Support Requests133, Support Requests 133,isisaa system systemused usedtotomanage manageandand track track support support requests madebybyusers requests made userswithin withinthe theVirtEngine VirtEnginesystem. system. Support Support Requests Requests is connected is connected to component to 133, component 133, Service Service Desk Desk System, System, which which is aissystem a system used used to manage to manage and and resolve resolve support requestsmade support requests made byby users. users.

134. 134. Resources 134,isis aa system Resources 134, usedtotomanage system used manage andand track track thethe allocationandand allocation

usage of resources usage of resources within within the the VirtEngine VirtEngine system, system,including includingcompute compute nodes, nodes, storage, storage, and networkingresources. and networking resources.Resources Resources is is connected connected to to component component 135, 135, SLURMSLURM Workload,which Workload, whichisisaasystem systemusedusedtotomanage manage and and schedule schedule workloads workloads on theon the

resources managed resources managed by by thethe Resources Resources system. system.

Claims (3)

1. Claims 1. A decentralized computing system comprising: a. Blockchain control layer comprising: i) a block-proposing validator node which, for each candidate block that it assembles, (a) receives a set of transactions and, for each identification verification request, an encrypted version of the user’s identification scopes uploaded to the 2024203136

   blockchain; (b) decrypts the uploaded identification data with its private key, (c) processes the identification data using machine learning algorithms to obtain an identity trust score. (d) writes into the proposed block the resulting identity verification status or score; ii) a plurality of consensus-validator nodes which, upon receiving the proposed block, (a) participate in the consensus process and perform the identity verification computations on identity data using the same machine learning algorithms and trained dataset; (b) verify signatures of uploaded files to confirm processing by an approved client (interface) and a user signature, with the list of approved clients controlled in the blockchain’s configuration; and (c) cast a block validation vote, committing the transactions and the identity score to the ledger upon consensus validation; iii) upon consensus validation, committing the block to the ledger state. b. an on chain Multifactor authentication (MFA) module configured to require multiple factors prior to executing sensitive transactions and to secure certain sensitive transactions (including account recovery and processing transactions) with combinations of factors; c. a Cloud Marketplace arrangement on the blockchain in which: i) orders and provider offerings include sensitive data stored in encrypted form such that only the intended recipient with the corresponding private key can decrypt; and ii) access to marketplace services is dependent on the Identification system so providers and users can verify the other party to avoid fraudulent use; d. a Provider Daemon that: i) queries for existing orders on the blockchain and places bids on behalf of a configured provider; ii) interacts with clusters of servers to instantiate workloads via an orchestration API connected to a workload manager (such as Kubernetes or SLURM); and iii) tracks and records usage of allocated resources on the blockchain; e. a staking network arrangement in which nodes that handle transaction consensus also operate the Identity Network, verifying and identifying customer data using the same machine learning algorithms and trained dataset; and f. an encryption subsystem in which sensitive data recorded on chain is encrypted 20 Aug 2025 using public key encryption and can only be decrypted with the corresponding private key by the intended recipient, with sensitive data encrypted in transit and at rest.
2. 2. Blockchain control layer comprising: a. a block-proposing validator node which, for each candidate block that it assembles, i) receives a set of transactions and, for each identification verification request, an encrypted version of the user’s identification scopes uploaded to the blockchain; ii) decrypts the uploaded identification data with its private key, 2024203136

   iii) processes the identification data using machine learning algorithms to obtain an identity trust score. iv) writes into the proposed block the resulting identity verification status or score; b. a plurality of consensus-validator nodes which, upon receiving the proposed block, i) participate in the consensus process and perform the identity verification computations on identity data using the same machine learning algorithms and trained dataset; ii) verify signatures of uploaded files to confirm processing by an approved client (interface) and a user signature, with the list of approved clients controlled in the blockchain’s configuration; and iii) cast a block validation vote, committing the transactions and the identity score to the ledger upon consensus validation; iv) upon consensus validation, committing the block to the ledger state.
3. 3. A computer implemented method comprising: a. receiving from a user an identification verification request with encrypted identification scopes; decrypting the data using a validator’s private key; and processing the data utilizing machine learning to produce an identity score recorded on the blockchain; b. gating sensitive transactions with Multifactor authentication, verifying multiple factors before executing such transactions and applying multiple levels of MFA for certain sensitive transactions; c. upon the recording of an order on the blockchain, a Provider Daemon retrieving the order, decrypting any provider addressed sensitive data, and invoking a cluster orchestration API including Kubernetes or SLURM to instantiate or terminate the workload, and recording usage of allocated resources on the blockchain; d. storing sensitive data (including ID documents, orders, support requests, resource details) on the blockchain in encrypted form using public key encryption such that only the intended recipient can decrypt with a corresponding private key, the data being encrypted in transit and at rest; and e. verifying the signatures of uploaded files to ensure they have been processed by an approved client (interface) and signed by the user, with the list of approved clients controlled in the blockchain’s configuration.

   4. A computer‑implemented method for decentralized cloud‑computing service 20 Aug 2025

   provisioning in the system of any preceding claim, the method comprising: a. receiving, via a cloud marketplace interface, an order for a cloud service from a user account; b. verifying the order by: i) confirming that the user has a recorded identity verification status or score on the blockchain; and ii) validating multiple authentication factors for sensitive actions as required by the MFA module; c. writing to the ledger an order allocation record that maps the order to a selected 2024203136

   provider; d. emitting an event that causes a Provider Daemon to decrypt provider‑addressed order data and invoke an orchestration API including Kubernetes to instantiate a virtual‑machine or container workload; e. recording on‑chain an execution/usage identifier and encrypted configuration details accessible to the user’s blockchain account; and f. updating usage data on‑chain for settlement upon termination of the workload.

   5. A computer-implemented method for delivering a decentralized distributed-computing service in the system of any preceding claim, the method comprising: a. deploying a workload manager (SLURM) across participating compute nodes under control of the blockchain modules; b. receiving a batch-compute request via the marketplace interface and authenticating the requester as in 3(b); c. selecting a set of provider nodes available to execute the batch-compute workload; d. emitting an event that causes Provider Daemons to schedule the workload via SLURM on the selected nodes; and e. recording execution/usage on the blockchain and distributing rewards in tokens to contributing nodes based on on-chain usage data.

   6. A computer‑implemented method for decentralized identity verification in the system of any preceding claim, the method comprising: a. receiving, via an Identification module, encrypted identification scopes uploaded by a user; b. verifying signatures of the uploaded files to confirm processing by an approved client (interface) and presence of a user signature, wherein the list of approved clients is controlled in the blockchain’s configuration; c. at a node selected by the staking system to operate the Identity Network, decrypting the uploaded data using the node’s private key and processing the data using machine learning algorithms to produce an identity verification score; and d. recording the identity verification status or score in blockchain state for use by other modules.

   using the recorded identity-trust score to determine access permissions for subsequent user transactions.

   7. The system of any preceding claim, wherein nodes selected by the staking system to 20 Aug 2025

   operate the Identity Network use the same machine learning algorithms and trained dataset when performing identity verification.

   8. The system of any preceding claim, wherein a benchmarking daemon records provider performance metrics on‑chain to help users decide between providers in the marketplace.

   9. The system of any preceding claim, wherein the MFA module requires multiple factors before executing certain sensitive transactions and can be configured to require 2024203136

   additional factors for such transactions, with a trusted browser reducing the number of required factors for subsequent transactions from that browser.

   10. The system of any preceding claim, wherein a Provider Daemon returns to the ledger a digitally signed workload status or usage record, the signature verifiable by any node using the provider’s public key maintained by the system’s provider transaction‑signing mechanism.

   11. The system of any preceding claim, wherein the signatures of uploaded identity files are verified to ensure they were processed by an approved client (interface) and contain both the approved client signature and the user’s signature, the list of approved clients being controlled in the blockchain’s configuration.

   12. The system of any preceding claim, wherein sensitive data recorded on‑chain is encrypted to the intended recipient’s public key and can be decrypted only with the corresponding private key, and wherein a hybrid blockchain role model restricts which accounts receive such encrypted payloads.

   13. The system of any preceding claim, wherein identity‑verification tasks are performed by nodes selected by the staking system, the same nodes that handle transaction consensus also operating the Identity Network.

   14. The system of any preceding claim, wherein providers designate offerings that require a verified identity status on the blockchain, and the marketplace enforces that only accounts with verified identity may obtain those offerings.

   15. A decentralized computing system comprising at least two subsystems selected from: a. a decentralized identification subsystem that generates on-chain identity-trust status/score on the blockchain after processing identification documents as per claim 1(a)/claim 2 in its entirety. b. a decentralized cloud-computing subsystem that provisions virtualised resources under blockchain control using the Orders and Provider Daemons of claim 1(c) c. a decentralized distributed-computing subsystem that schedules cluster workloads via a workload manager integrated with the blockchain as described in claim 1(d);

   2024203136 11 Jul 2024 100 VirtEngine 110 Interface User VE 105 Tokens VE 9 14 Network Staking VE 124 Ledger Public 102 SDK Cosmos 109 API VE 116 Data Metric VE 113 Clusters Slurm VE 106 Supercomputer VE 104 Identification VE 132 Requests Support 33 1 System Desk Service 43

   Figure 43

   134 Resources 131 Account Gensis 1A: Figure 1A:

   e 125 112 Accounts VE 129 Orders Storag Data Sensitive 113 Offerings Service r 136 129 Plugins HPC Cluste Workload SLURM 128 Kubernetes 138 Container 135 Workload SLURM 127 OpenStack 137 Machine Virtual 115 Benchmarking VE 114 Nodes Compute VE 108 103

   111 Modules Custom VE 107 Waldur VE 101 Blockchain VE Marketplace Cloud VE Integrations Cloud VE

   44 11 Jul 2024 2024203136 11 Jul 2024

   Figure 1B: Figure 1B:

   VirtEngine 2024203136

   Cosmos-SDK Golang API VEID Tensorflow

   VE Cloud Marketplace v3

   Golang API SLURM Workload VESC Manager

   Container Infrastructure

   VE-Waldur-v2 API Kubernetes Deployment

   Waldur Homeport

   45

   Figure Figure 2A: 11 Jul 2024 2024203136 11 Jul 2024

   2A:

   VirtEngine Identification System (VEID)

   Facial Document Document Camera Photo Compare photo ID 2024203136

   Registration Recognition Verification Upload Abstraction with Upload Scan Confirmation

   Validates by checking

   Al System to Databases abstract key such as document info Government Photo from and Public ID Records

   Authentication

   Biometric Login Single Sign on (SSO) 2 Factor Authentication

   Facial Fingerprint Recognition Microsoft facebook

   Isername and Password SMS SMS Verification Email Verification

   VEID AI Document Mobile Application Windows Hello Comparison System

   46

   Figure Figure 2B: 11 Jul 2024 2024203136 11 Jul 2024

   2B:

   Calculate the ratio of the Calculate the ratio of center center positions of the Detect Faces for each positions of the detected regions of interest on the rotation of document boxes by CRAFT to the mask formed as a result of image UNET, according to the image

   No 2024203136

   Match the regions of Track probabilities of interest on the mask with having face + angle of the boxes on the rotation identification document Calculate the orientation angle of the lines in UNET output. If orientation angle is greater than the threshold value, rotate the

   rgb image and send back to CRAFT

   Find Highest probability If there is more than one of containing a face + its box due to individuals with angle and rotate image to more than one name for that angle example, detect it as

   CRAFT will miss this

   Yes Determine the Masks of the desired regions of interest Perspective transform on rotated image and crop Update extended box relevant regions of coordinates and send the interest boxes to OCR

   Send Cropped Image to CRAFT and create Send Character map Apply noise removal before character density map + generated by CRAFT to determine region of interest OCR UNET coordinates

   47 11 Jul 2024 2024203136 11 Jul 2024

   Figure Figure 3 3 (Dashboard): (Dashboard):

   & Select workspace PERSONAL WORKSPACE Support Documentation EN . Log out

   Welcome, Jonathan Philipos!

   Report issue

   27 Report security incident USER EVENTS THIS MONTH

   Jonathan Philipos

   Details 2024203136

   Dashboard

   Marketplace Audit logs

   a SSH Keys

   Notifications Owned organizations Managed projects

   Showing to of entries. & Export + Add organization Refresh Manage j There are no projects yet. Refresh

   Organization name Owner 0 Remote accounts DET-IO >

   Audit logs

   Showing to 10 of 46 entries. * Export 0 Event types Refresh Search C

   Message Timestamp $ Actions

   User Jonathan Philipos authenticated successfully with username and password. 2021-10-11 16:32 Details .

   User Jonathan Philipos authenticated successfully with username and password. 2021-10-11 15:57 Details ®

   48

   Figure Figure 4 4 (Add Public Offering: Offering: Overview): 11 Jul 2024 2024203136 11 Jul 2024

   (Add Public Overview): di VirtEngine Waldur ORGANIZATION WORKSPACE 0 Support I EN @ Log out

   Add offering Organization workspace Public offerings / Add offering

   Jonathan Philipos

   Details* 2. Description 1. Overview 3. Management 4. Accounting 5. Review

   Dashboard Name *

   # Marketplace Description T. hh did B I U S {} x² X2 Normal - PM Projects as E E = 8 8 R Q I C E: My services ( 2024203136

   0 Public services <

   0 Public offerings

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   0 Public resources Full description !!! lile 1/11

   T. PP B I U S {} x² X2 Normal - 8 8 X E M a Audit logs 2 D C

   * Team - R Billing

   & Manage

   Terms of Service

   B I U S [] x² X2 Normal - T. - E E line life = E P 8 a D C

   49

   Figure Figure 5 5 (Add Public Offering: Offering: Description): 11 Jul 2024 2024203136 11 Jul 2024

   (Add Public Description): de VirtEngine ORGANIZATION WORKSPACE Support EN + Log out

   Add offering Organization workspace Public offerings Add offering

   Overview 2. Description 3. Management 4. Accounting 5. Review

   Category* Private clouds

   Private clouds

   Storage E-mail VMs 2024203136

   Phone

   Support portal

   Description

   ToS link

   Security

   Certification Select...

   Location

   Address

   Details

   Virtualization Select...

   Network Select >

   50

   Figure Figure 6 6 (Add Public Offering: Offering: Management) 11 Jul 2024 2024203136 11 Jul 2024

   (Add Public Management)

   di VirtEngine ORGANIZATION WORKSPACE Support EN - Log out

   Add offering Organization workspace Public offerings Add offering

   1. Overview 2. Description 3. Management 4. Accounting 5. Review

   Type OpenStack package

   Azure PostgreSQL database server API URL*

   Azure Virtual Machine 2024203136

   Booking Domain name

   Devops-friendly offering

   Username OpenStack package

   Rancher cluster

   Password Remote offering

   Request based item

   Tenant name Request based item (without Service Desk) .

   External network ID

   It is used to automatically assign floating IP to your virtual machine.

   Availability zone

   Default availability zone for provisioned instances.

   Storage mode Select.

   <

   + Back - Next

   51

   Figure Figure 7 7 (Add Public Offering: Offering: Accounting Components) 11 Jul 2024 2024203136 11 Jul 2024

   (Add Public Accounting Components)

   1. Overview 2. Description 3. Management 4. Accounting 5. Review

   Plan components

   Component #1

   @ Internal name cores

   0 Display name Cores

   Measured unit cores

   Accounting type Limit- based 2024203136

   0 Article code I

   Allow to enable/disable component only

   Minimum allowed value Set value

   Maximum allowed value Set value

   Limit period Select.

   Component #2

   0 Internal name ram

   0 Display name RAM

   Measured unit GB

   52

   Figure Figure 8 8 (Add Public Offering: Offering: Accounting Plans) 11 Jul 2024 2024203136 11 Jul 2024

   (Add Public Accounting Plans)

   Accounting plans

   Plan #1 X

   Name *

   Price EUR 0.00 2024203136

   Billing period * Select. > Description T. B I U S {} x² X Normal 1/1/ ilil iii In of #_ in E 8 c

   7 Article code

   Amount Price * Units

   Cores cores - RAM GB - Storage GB -

   53

   Figure Figure 9 9 (Review Offerings) 11 Jul 2024 2024203136 11 Jul 2024

   (Review Offerings) Organization workspace / Public offerings Add offering

   1. Overview 2 Description 3. Management 4. Accounting 5. Review

   Overview

   Name An Example Offering

   Description This is an example offering, you can purchase it as an example to test the Waldur Marketplace

   Full description This is an example offering, you can purchase it as an example to test the Waldur Marketplace

   This is full description with more details, and information Including an image

   undefined

   Terms of Service <p> Terms of Service details</p> 2024203136

   Management Type Request-based item (without Service Desk)

   Description

   Category: Private clouds

   Support

   E-mail example@det.io

   Phone 020202020

   Support portal support virtengine.com

   Description VirtEngine Private Cloud Deployment

   ToS link virtengine com/tos

   Security

   Certification ISKE L

   /ISKEH

   Location

   Address 8 Hadenfeld Ave

   Details

   54

   Figure 10(Public (Public Offering: EditEdit Offering) 11 Jul 2024 2024203136 11 Jul 2024

   Figure 10 Offering: Offering) A VirtEngine Support EN Log out Edit offering D

   Public offerings Organization workspace Public offerings Support

   E-mail example@det. io State

   Draft X Active x Phone 020202020

   Showing to of entries. port + Add offering + Import offering & Public list Refresh Support portal support.virtengine.com C Name = Actions Description VirtEngine Private Cloud Deployment An Example Offering > Actions Preview ® ToS link virtengine com/tos 2024203136

   Security

   Certification ISKEL ISKEH X X

   Location

   Address 8 Hadenfeld Ave

   Details

   Virtualization KVM X

   Network Private (own) X

   High Availability

   Availability monitoring

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   Operating Ubuntu 16.04 CentOS7 Windows 2016 RHEL7 X Version: latest system X Privacy policy Terms of Service

   55

   Figure Figure 11 (Global Cloud CloudMarketplace) Marketplace) 11 Jul 2024 2024203136 11 Jul 2024

   11 (Global dh VirtEngine ORGANIZATION WORKSPACE 0 Support EN @ Log out

   Explore Waldur Marketplace Search for offerings.

   Private clouds Storage VMs 0 offerings offering Offerings 2024203136

   Recent additions

   VirtEngine by DET.io

   An Example Offering

   TO

   Version latest Privacy policy Terms of Service

   56

   Figure Figure 12 (ExampleOffering) Offering) 11 Jul 2024 11 Jul 2024

   12 (Example

   dh VirtEngine ORGANIZATION WORKSPACE Waldur Support EN .

   An Example Offering Organization workspace Marketplace An Example Offering Jonathan Philipos

   This an example offering purchase example to test the Waldur Marketplace

   Dashboard

   Offering configuration Order summary Marketplace

   Projects Project First project project VirtEngine will be changed for all items services Offering An Example Offering 2024203136

   test 2024203136 Name Public services Service provider VirtEngine will be visible accounting Invoiced to VirtEngine Public offerings Plan Test Plan Details Project project

   Public orders

   Price per hour Component name Quantity Unit Price hour Price day Price per 30 days Price per 365 EUR 0.00 Public resources days Add to cart W Cores © EUR 0.12 EUR 86.40 EUR 1,051.20 logs 12 cores EUR2.88

   EUR 0.21 EUR 5.04 EUR 151.20 EUR 1,839.60 WE Team RAMO 21 GB

   Billing Storage 0 EUR 0.50 EUR 12.00 EUR 360.00 EUR 4,380.00 500 GB

   Total EUR 0.00 EUR 0.00 EUR 0.00 EUR 0.00 Manage /

   Description

   .. Jonathan Philipos

   II Dashboard Support Level Bronze

   Gold

   Marketplace Silver

   Projects 0 IPv4 Addresses 24

   services My Description Security Details Terms Service Images Support Location Public services

   Public offerings Offering details Provider location

   This example purchase to test the Waldur Marketplace Public orders an example full with details, more and image Woodcroft Public resources +

   logs Rooty

   Blacktown Team

   Manage ,

   Huntingwood Leafet OpenStreetMap contributors

   Version latest Privacy policy Terms Service

   57

   Figure Figure 13 (CheckOut: Out:Configure) Configure) 11 Jul 2024 2024203136 11 Jul 2024

   13 (Check A VirtEngine First project PROJECT WORKSPACE Support Log out EN E -

   Checkout Project workspace Checkout

   Order Summary 1. Configure 2. Approve 3. Review

   Invoiced to VirtEngine

   Agree with ToS First project Item Price per Activation Actions Project hour price

   Total EUR 0.83 VirtEngine test Terms of This is an example offering, you can purchase it as an example to test the Waldur EUR 0.83 EUR 0.00 . Remove Service Marketplace 2024203136

   You have the right to purchase service without additional approval.

   Back to shopping + Purchase +

   58

   Figure Figure 14 (ResourceExample) Example) 11 Jul 2024 2024203136 11 Jul 2024

   14 (Resource VirtEngine First project PROJECT WORKSPACE Support E EN (+ Log out

   test Project workspace Resources test

   Refresh Actions Offering details Plan details

   C .

   Offering name An Example Offering Created a few seconds ago, 2021-10-11 16:59

   Client organization VirtEngine UUID 2ee9fb3d77e548938cad7b41d540eb4a

   First project Client project State CREATING

   Category Private clouds Attributes Show details

   Plan Test Plan 2024203136

   Order items Usage

   Showing to of entries. Refresh

   ID Issue link Type Created at State

   c822864980974c7db37328f24816e764 Create 2021-10-11 16:59 Executing

   Version Intect

   59

   Figure Figure 15 (Order Details) Details) 11 Jul 2024 11 Jul 2024

   15 (Order An Example Offering Organization workspace My services / My orders / Order details An Example Offering

   Summary VirtEngine Jonathan Philipos has requested provisioning of "test" with plan "Test Plan". Jonathan Philipos has approved it on 2021-10-11 at 16:59. Description Offering An Example Offering Type PROVISION W RESOURCE Service provider VirtEngine

   State Done Invoiced to VirtEngine

   New plan

   Details 2024203136

   2024203136

   Description Terms of Service Images Support Security Location Details Application

   Offering details Provider location

   This is an example offering you can purchase as an example to test the Waldur Marketplace

   This is a full description with more details, and information. Including an image Woodcroft

   + Lalor Park

   Rooty

   Blacktown

   A44

   Minchinbury

   Arndell Park

   M4/M7 Leaflet © OpenStreetMap contributors Huntingwood

   60

   Figure Figure 16 (VirtEngine Identification Identification Mobile Application): 11 Jul 2024 2024203136 11 Jul 2024

   16 (VirtEngine Mobile Application):

   9:41

   Welcome to 2024203136

   VEID Prove your identity

   Main ID Document >

   > + Additional ID Documents

   Biometric Data >

   SSO / Email Verification >

   Domain Verification >

   Verification Status Basic

   Fully Verified

   Biometric, SSO

   Score: 35

   Complete additional verification to verify your account

   61

   Figure Figure 17 (VirtEngine MultiFactor MultiFactorAuthentication) Authentication) 11 Jul 2024 2024203136 11 Jul 2024

   17 (VirtEngine

   VirtEngine by DET.io

   jonathan@det.io 2024203136

   Verify your identity

   Authenticate via Facial Recognition

   Use a certificate or smart card

   Approve a request on my Authenticator

   app

   123 Use a verification code

   Text +XX XXXXXXXX61

   Call +XX XXXXXXXX61

   Use Windows Hello

   More information

   Are your verification methods current? Check at

   https://decentralized.id/mfasetup

   Cancel

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   Figure Figure 18A (WaldurArchitecture) 18A (Waldur Architecture)

   PostgreSQL Saves task results Celery worker database

   Saves data

   Sends API Server Pulls tasks Web browser Homeport request 2024203136

   Pushes tasks User

   Schedules periodical Celery beat Task queue tasks

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   Figure Figure 18B (WaldurArchitecture) 18B (Waldur Architecture)

   Web GUI HomePort Angular / React 2024203136

   MasterMind

   REST API Nginx + uWSGI

   Events store Task queue Operational DB Elasticsearch Redis PostgreSQL

   Background processing Celery

   64

   Figure Figure 19 19(Waldur (WaldurSLURM Diagram) 11 Jul 2024 2024203136 11 Jul 2024

   SLURM Diagram)

   Local or federated user

   Keycloak 2024203136

   Pushes usages

   Waldur

   Pulls users

   Pulls Accounts

   Existing Open LDAP OnDemand LDAP SSSD-LDAP connect Microservice

   SSSD-LDAP connect SSSD-LDAP connect

   Waldur SLURM cluster Creates accounts SLURM agent

   Part of Waldur environment Connects via SSH and launches jobs

   External systems

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   Referenced Codebases: Referenced Codebases:

   VE-waldur-v2 (107): VE-waldur-v2 (107): https://github.com/virtengine/ve-waldur-v2 https://github.com/virtengine/ve-waldur-v2

   VirtEngine (100): (100): 2024203136

   VirtEngine https://github.com/virtengine/virtengine https://github.com/virtengine/virtengine

   VE-portal-v2: VE-portal-v2: https://github.com/virtengine/ve-portal-v2 https://github.com/virtengine/ve-portal-v2

   Cosmos SDK(102): Cosmos SDK (102): https://github.com/virtengine/Cosmos https://github.com/virtengine/Cosmos SDK SDK (102) (102)

   Tendermint: Tendermint: https://github.com/virtengine/tendermint https://github.com/virtengine/tendermint

   Tensorflow: Tensorflow: https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow

   SLURM: SLURM: https://github.com/SchedMD/slurm https://github.com/SchedMD/slurm

   Kubernetes: Kubernetes:

   https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes

   OpenStack: OpenStack: https://github.com/openstack/openstack https://github.com/openstack/openstack

   References Cited: References Cited: https://docs.cosmos.network/master/building-modules/intro.html https://docs.cosmos.network/master/building-modules/intro.html

   VirtEngine Waldur VirtEngine documentation: Waldur documentation: http://docs.waldur.com/ http://docs.waldur.com/

   Waldur+DET.ioPartnership: Waldur+DET.io Partnership: https://waldur.com/solutions/hosting-provider/ https://waldur.com/solutions/hosting-provider/

   OpenStack OpenStack https://www.openstack.org/ https://www.openstack.org/

   Cosmos SDK(102) Cosmos SDK (102) https://v1.cosmos.network/sdk https://v1.cosmos.network/sdk

   SLURM: SLURM:

   https://slurm.schedmd.com/ https://slurm.schedmd.com/

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   Inventors: Inventors:

   JonathanPhilipos Jonathan Philipos-–Designed DesignedVirtEngine VirtEnginearchitecture, architecture,contributed contributed towards towards Waldur Waldur feature feature implementations (Marketplace implementations (Marketplace System, System, Kubernetes) Kubernetes) - – DET-IO PTYLIMITED, DET-IO PTY LIMITED, Australia Australia

   Ilja IljaLivenson Livenson –- Developed andimplemented Developed and implementedOpenOpen Source Source Waldur Waldur Cloud Cloud computing computing system. system. 2024203136

   OpenNode Estonia LLC,Estonia OpenNode LLC,

   Contributors: Contributors:

   Zhaokun Chen Zhaokun Chen Yifei YifeiChen Chen Liam Liam Dao Dao Rohan Poorun Rohan Poorun

   Royal Melbourne Royal Melbourne InstituteofofTechnology Institute Technology School School of Engineering, of Engineering, Australia Australia