AU4833790A - Improvements relating to manufacture of rice straw silage - Google Patents
Improvements relating to manufacture of rice straw silageInfo
- Publication number
- AU4833790A AU4833790A AU48337/90A AU4833790A AU4833790A AU 4833790 A AU4833790 A AU 4833790A AU 48337/90 A AU48337/90 A AU 48337/90A AU 4833790 A AU4833790 A AU 4833790A AU 4833790 A AU4833790 A AU 4833790A
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- rice straw
- bale
- straw
- urea
- rice
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 title claims description 38
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 28
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 28
- 239000004460 silage Substances 0.000 title claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title 1
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims description 27
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 7
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920002488 Hemicellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000013325 dietary fiber Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930013686 lignan Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000009408 lignans Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Landscapes
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Description
IMPROVEMENTS RELATING TO MANUFACTURE OF RICE STRAW SILAGE
The present invention relates to a method of production of rice straw silage.
Despite the fact that rice straw is an excellent c source of roughage protein and starch it is rarely used as animal food for the reason that treatment to break down cellulose/silica scales in the straw is relatively difficult and expensive. Furthermore, it is necessary to preserve the fodder and this can only be achieved as is presently known 10 to applicant by the addition of anhydrous ammonia.
Accordingly, large quantities of dried rice straw, particularly in Asian countries, has only limited use as bedding or as a roughage supplement which has little or no goodness. lς It is known that the cellulose/silica scales may be broken down by treatment by ammonia gas so that protein starch is released and nitrogen is absorbed to improve the digestability of the food by animals. Unfortunately anhydrous ammonia is relatively expensive and therefore 0 economic treatment is difficult. Presently rice straw is allowed to dry and is harvested into small round bales for storage. The bales would conventionally have a diameter in the range of 800 ma down to 400 mm.
Australian Patent Specification No. 66487/81 and ς 490,664 disclose the formation of a preserved biomass by the addition of additives such as urea and the like. Specification No. 490,664 also discloses the step of ensilage of the mixture. Other examples of urea additive work is disclosed in U.S. Patent Specification Nos. fJ 3,063,839, 3,180,735 and 3,585,043.
Japanese Specification No. 84/053806 relates to fibrous feedstuff production using vegetable fibre, taw lees and other nutrients mixed together in an air-tight package to form a paste. ς The present invention has as its major objective the provision of a process for treatment of rice straw which increases the protein starch content and digestability of the straw in a relatively cheap, simple and effective manner thereby making the straw a viable animal food.
In one aspect of the invention there is provided.- ' the step of adding urea preferably in particulate granule form, to moist rice straw windrows, harvesting the straw and urea mixture together into a bale, packaging the bale in tightly wrapped plastic film to substantially hermetically seal the straw and urea mixture to the surrounding atmosphere to allow chemical reaction within the sealed package, to thereby increase protein/starch content for use as an animal food of improved digestability and goodness.
Conveniently the urea includes 46% nitrogen by weight and is added in the range of 2 to 6% by weight of the straw, the resulting mixture of urea and moist rice straw in a sealed environment reacting to form ammonia gas.
Conveniently the straw is cut and harvested whilst still retaining a relatively high moisture content of up to at least 30% with a minimum of 20% moisture.
In use the urea would be added to the windrow just prior to bailing of the straw in a round baler so that the mixture of urea and rice silage would be formed in the baler chamber. Immediately after forming of the bale and discharge from the baler chamber the bale would be wrapped by a simple inexpensive wrapping machine that will eliminate air entering the bale thus causing silage to form and allowing ammonia gases formed in the moist mix to penetrate the straw. Alternatively, the urea may be added directly into the bale forming chamber during the formation of the bale. Alternatively, other enzymes may be used as an additive with or as an alternative to the urea.
With the urea and straw totally enclosed in the wrapped bale, the formation of ammonia will preserve the fodder and increase its digestability; solubiliεation of hemicellulose will occur. Further, the ammonia kills seeds and insects that may be in the harvested material.
It has been found that the minimum of 2% urea will preserve the rice straw but will only result in a minimum increase in digestability. By increasing the levels of urea will increase digestability thus having the duel result of preserving the crop by preventing mould and increasing digestability by causing swelling and rupture of the hemicellulose lignan bonds.
In a practical arrangement of the invention it has been found that a feed ingredient applicator innoculating the windrows with urea may be used and in one good example the so-called GANDY (Trade Mark) feed ingredient applicator 5 has been found to provide excellent results.
After formation of the small round bale the bale must be wrapped by self-sealing plastic film or sheeting entirely enclosing the bale to hermetically seal the bale from the outside atmosphere, a machine suitable for this ■in purpose is marketed under the SILAWRAP Trade Mark. The self-sealing plastic film should be adhesive at least on one side to provide improved sealing as it is wrapped around a formed bale.
In another aspect of the invention there is 5 provided a method of making rice silage, comprising the step of adding urea or other enzymes prior to or during the baling of rice straw, such as by adding granulate urea or enzymes to the rice straw during formation of a bale in a bale forming chamber, packaging the bale in a tightly Q wrapped plastic to substantially hermetically seal the baled mixture of rice straw and additive to the surrounding atmosphere to prevent ingress of air, thereby allowing chemical reaction within the sealed package and to increase the protein/starch content in the treated rice straw for use 5 as an animal food of improved digestability and goodness. It will be appreciated that the present invention provides a simple and effective method of improving preservation and digestability of rice straw whereby it may be possible for a commercially viable rice straw treatment Q process to be achieved.
Claims (6)
1. A method of forming rice straw silage comprising the steps of mixing urea with freshly harvested moist rice straw, harvesting the straw and urea mixture together into a bale, packaging the bale in tightly wrapped plastic film to substantially hermetically seal the straw and additive mixture to the surrounding atmosphere to allow chemical reaction within the sealed package, and thereby increase protein/starch content for use as an animal food of improved digestability and goodness.
2. A method of making rice silage comprising the step of adding urea or other enzymes prior to or during the baling of rice straw into a compacted package, packaging the bale package in a tightly wrapped plastic to substantially hermetically seal the baled mixture of rice straw and additive to the surrounding atmosphere thereby preventing ingress of air, allowing a chemical reaction within the sealed package which increases the protein/starch content in the rice straw for use as an animal food of improved digestability and goodness.
3. A method as claimed in Claim 1 or Claim 2, wherein the urea includes approximately 46% nitrogen by weight and is added in the range of 2 to 6% by weight of the rice straw.
4. A method as claimed in Claims 1 to 3, wherein the straw is cut and harvested whilst still retaining a relatively high moisture content of up to at least 30% moisture.
5. A machine for performing the method as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 4, comprising a bale forming chamber for forming a bale of rice straw, injection means for injecting a nitrogen rich composition such as urea into said rice straw prior to or during collection into the bale forming chamber of the rice straw.
6. A machine as claimed in Claim 5, further comprising wrapping means for tightly wrapping plastic film around a formed bale to hermetically seal the baled mixture.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AUPJ2132 | 1988-12-29 | ||
| AU213288 | 1988-12-29 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU4833790A true AU4833790A (en) | 1990-08-01 |
Family
ID=3692656
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU48337/90A Abandoned AU4833790A (en) | 1988-12-29 | 1989-12-29 | Improvements relating to manufacture of rice straw silage |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU4833790A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1992017071A1 (en) * | 1991-04-04 | 1992-10-15 | Eighth Milieu Nominees Pty. Ltd. | Method and apparatus relating to improvements in the manufacture of silage fodder |
| AU658368B2 (en) * | 1990-08-31 | 1995-04-13 | Zeneca Limited | Silage additive |
| CN115381115A (en) * | 2022-09-22 | 2022-11-25 | 江西省农业科学院作物研究所 | An integrated silage device for sweet potato vines |
-
1989
- 1989-12-29 AU AU48337/90A patent/AU4833790A/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU658368B2 (en) * | 1990-08-31 | 1995-04-13 | Zeneca Limited | Silage additive |
| WO1992017071A1 (en) * | 1991-04-04 | 1992-10-15 | Eighth Milieu Nominees Pty. Ltd. | Method and apparatus relating to improvements in the manufacture of silage fodder |
| CN115381115A (en) * | 2022-09-22 | 2022-11-25 | 江西省农业科学院作物研究所 | An integrated silage device for sweet potato vines |
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