AU576665B2 - Froth flotation of metal-containing sulphide minerals - Google Patents
Froth flotation of metal-containing sulphide mineralsInfo
- Publication number
- AU576665B2 AU576665B2 AU54564/86A AU5456486A AU576665B2 AU 576665 B2 AU576665 B2 AU 576665B2 AU 54564/86 A AU54564/86 A AU 54564/86A AU 5456486 A AU5456486 A AU 5456486A AU 576665 B2 AU576665 B2 AU 576665B2
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- sulfide
- collector
- metal containing
- minerals
- mineral
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 74
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims description 74
- 238000009291 froth flotation Methods 0.000 title claims description 21
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 20
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 54
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 title description 54
- 229910052569 sulfide mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 57
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910052592 oxide mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 18
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 16
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000004356 hydroxy functional group Chemical group O* 0.000 claims description 15
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical group CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000392 cycloalkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052951 chalcopyrite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- DVRDHUBQLOKMHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chalcopyrite Chemical compound [S-2].[S-2].[Fe+2].[Cu+2] DVRDHUBQLOKMHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium(0) Chemical compound [U] JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052949 galena Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- XCAUINMIESBTBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(ii) sulfide Chemical compound [Pb]=S XCAUINMIESBTBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052954 pentlandite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052948 bornite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052961 molybdenite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052950 sphalerite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001475 halogen functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims 5
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 53
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 27
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- -1 cycloaliphatic Chemical group 0.000 description 15
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 13
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 10
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 9
- WVYWICLMDOOCFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-2-pentanol Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)O WVYWICLMDOOCFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- 229910052952 pyrrhotite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910000366 copper(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052683 pyrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrite Chemical compound [Fe+2].[S-][S-] NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000011028 pyrite Substances 0.000 description 7
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000002019 disulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical class S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ferrous sulfide Chemical compound [Fe]=S MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000001924 cycloalkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000001925 cycloalkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- YCWSUKQGVSGXJO-NTUHNPAUSA-N nifuroxazide Chemical group C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C(=O)N\N=C\C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)O1 YCWSUKQGVSGXJO-NTUHNPAUSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000012991 xanthate Substances 0.000 description 3
- FOJGPFUFFHWGFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(Methylthio)pentane Chemical compound CCCCCSC FOJGPFUFFHWGFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VSSRSPLEFYQIEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethylsulfanyldecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCSCC VSSRSPLEFYQIEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PYPULUCCVXMPFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethylsulfanylheptane Chemical compound CCCCCCCSCC PYPULUCCVXMPFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MGVUJBCOCITTRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethylsulfanylhexane Chemical compound CCCCCCSCC MGVUJBCOCITTRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LUAABLIRQSWMGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethylsulfanylnonane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCSCC LUAABLIRQSWMGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WAITXWGCJQLPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethylsulfanyloctane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCSCC WAITXWGCJQLPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LEMIDOZYVQXGLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-heptylsulfanylheptane Chemical compound CCCCCCCSCCCCCCC LEMIDOZYVQXGLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LHNRHYOMDUJLLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexylsulfanylhexane Chemical compound CCCCCCSCCCCCC LHNRHYOMDUJLLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HKGUUZAACYBIID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfanyldecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCSC HKGUUZAACYBIID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FJDWJOQOEZRIDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfanylheptane Chemical compound CCCCCCCSC FJDWJOQOEZRIDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LZRXQHHKXDXOIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfanylhexane Chemical compound CCCCCCSC LZRXQHHKXDXOIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FCRSULZJMFDBIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfanylnonane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCSC FCRSULZJMFDBIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AHCJTMBRROLNHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfanyloctane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCSC AHCJTMBRROLNHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LOXRGHGHQYWXJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octylsulfanyloctane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCSCCCCCCCC LOXRGHGHQYWXJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JOZDADPMWLVEJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-pentylsulfanylpentane Chemical compound CCCCCSCCCCC JOZDADPMWLVEJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HTIRHQRTDBPHNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dibutyl sulfide Chemical compound CCCCSCCCC HTIRHQRTDBPHNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002555 FeNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Guanidine Chemical compound NC(N)=N ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanethiol Chemical compound SC LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical group [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001345 alkine derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052932 antlerite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052972 bournonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- BUGICWZUDIWQRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper iron sulfane Chemical compound S.[Fe].[Cu] BUGICWZUDIWQRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BERDEBHAJNAUOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(I) oxide Inorganic materials [Cu]O[Cu] BERDEBHAJNAUOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000010665 pine oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052979 sodium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium sulfide (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[S-2] GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RFKHZOHSRQNNPW-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;pentoxymethanedithioate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCOC([S-])=S RFKHZOHSRQNNPW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910052959 stibnite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- WGPCGCOKHWGKJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidenezinc Chemical group [Zn]=S WGPCGCOKHWGKJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 2
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000442 triuranium octoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000010 zinc carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000003837 (C1-C20) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004178 (C1-C4) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- YXIWHUQXZSMYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzothiazole-2-thiol Chemical class C1=CC=C2SC(S)=NC2=C1 YXIWHUQXZSMYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CLBLVLKZMJDLOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butylsulfanyldecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCSCCCC CLBLVLKZMJDLOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BGSBXDJLUNXANY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butylsulfanyldodecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCSCCCC BGSBXDJLUNXANY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HYUPOCGXBZUYFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butylsulfanylheptane Chemical compound CCCCCCCSCCCC HYUPOCGXBZUYFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YZUHMAFUXBPUKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butylsulfanylhexane Chemical compound CCCCCCSCCCC YZUHMAFUXBPUKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FWRIVMHSSSZAFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butylsulfanylnonane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCSCCCC FWRIVMHSSSZAFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UNIAPWPIAGJFDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butylsulfanyloctane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCSCCCC UNIAPWPIAGJFDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RNEUXBDXTNIASG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butylsulfanylpentane Chemical compound CCCCCSCCCC RNEUXBDXTNIASG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LVTHBOGDYURNJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butylsulfanylundecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCSCCCC LVTHBOGDYURNJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RKYMVQJWYYOIJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-decylsulfanyldecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCSCCCCCCCCCC RKYMVQJWYYOIJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLWHZUYTRGNUML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-decylsulfanyldodecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCSCCCCCCCCCC XLWHZUYTRGNUML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KISJDFYRGLOOKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-decylsulfanylundecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCSCCCCCCCCCC KISJDFYRGLOOKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XJIRSLHMKBUGMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethylsulfanylbutane Chemical compound CCCCSCC XJIRSLHMKBUGMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QECBTJWQRXCSCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethylsulfanyldodecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCSCC QECBTJWQRXCSCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SOGIWVXLDPPMMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethylsulfanylpentane Chemical compound CCCCCSCC SOGIWVXLDPPMMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSWITQLVZPPUIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethylsulfanylundecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCSCC OSWITQLVZPPUIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HYNUNWWVWIDFNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-heptylsulfanyldecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCSCCCCCCC HYNUNWWVWIDFNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BMONIUVCBPWHMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-heptylsulfanyldodecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCSCCCCCCC BMONIUVCBPWHMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RGMJJEGCPWGPIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-heptylsulfanylnonane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCSCCCCCCC RGMJJEGCPWGPIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YIQMNWHXSGQHED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-heptylsulfanyloctane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCSCCCCCCC YIQMNWHXSGQHED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VOSRYWCOCVSNOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-heptylsulfanylundecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCSCCCCCCC VOSRYWCOCVSNOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AHFXEIBVMODMFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexylsulfanyldecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCSCCCCCC AHFXEIBVMODMFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UUGCJTQYUMVCAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexylsulfanyldodecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCSCCCCCC UUGCJTQYUMVCAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MPSAONKRRWETTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexylsulfanylheptane Chemical compound CCCCCCCSCCCCCC MPSAONKRRWETTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSCWDJOYYNCZON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexylsulfanylnonane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCSCCCCCC OSCWDJOYYNCZON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KNTKPCSIJNUXBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexylsulfanyloctane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCSCCCCCC KNTKPCSIJNUXBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LENOFRMWVZUVHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexylsulfanylundecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCSCCCCCC LENOFRMWVZUVHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WCXXISMIJBRDQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfanylbutane Chemical compound CCCCSC WCXXISMIJBRDQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJWHJDGMOQJLGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfanyldodecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCSC KJWHJDGMOQJLGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HDOADYQJIBYVGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfanylundecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCSC HDOADYQJIBYVGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UWHYFRCJGNMMSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-nonylsulfanyldecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCSCCCCCCCCC UWHYFRCJGNMMSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ARGFAAQZPLNHAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-nonylsulfanyldodecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCSCCCCCCCCC ARGFAAQZPLNHAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KMKSVAGOBVUFRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-nonylsulfanylnonane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCSCCCCCCCCC KMKSVAGOBVUFRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DOTUVVYROYQYEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-nonylsulfanylundecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCSCCCCCCCCC DOTUVVYROYQYEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YWNBSWRNQJVBMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octylsulfanyldecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCSCCCCCCCC YWNBSWRNQJVBMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WTHWPAWEPUFSPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-pentylsulfanyldecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCSCCCCC WTHWPAWEPUFSPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VPJKGHGSHVZXRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-pentylsulfanyldodecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCSCCCCC VPJKGHGSHVZXRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DZVDTDUSTWMTGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-pentylsulfanylheptane Chemical compound CCCCCCCSCCCCC DZVDTDUSTWMTGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LWWRAHNCGVNJCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-pentylsulfanylhexane Chemical compound CCCCCCSCCCCC LWWRAHNCGVNJCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- GANNOFFDYMSBSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [AlH3].[Mg] Chemical compound [AlH3].[Mg] GANNOFFDYMSBSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical group [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000005347 biaryls Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001246 bromo group Chemical group Br* 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium iron Chemical compound [Cr].[Fe] UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Ni] VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BWFPGXWASODCHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper monosulfide Chemical compound [Cu]=S BWFPGXWASODCHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PTVDYARBVCBHSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Cu] PTVDYARBVCBHSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001896 cresols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KRFJLUBVMFXRPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cuprous oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Cu+].[Cu+] KRFJLUBVMFXRPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- FOOVYWIYKMBTSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N decylsulfanylcycloheptane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCSC1CCCCCC1 FOOVYWIYKMBTSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052971 enargite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOOODBUHSVUZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxymethanedithioic acid Chemical class CCOC(S)=S ZOOODBUHSVUZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- CKEKUCLCUOABGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylsulfanylcyclooctane Chemical compound CCSC1CCCCCCC1 CKEKUCLCUOABGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UAGKPNGGDLTAAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylsulfanylcyclopentane Chemical compound CCSC1CCCC1 UAGKPNGGDLTAAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052595 hematite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011019 hematite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- OERSGBOBUAUJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptylsulfanylcycloheptane Chemical compound CCCCCCCSC1CCCCCC1 OERSGBOBUAUJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RMUGCJVAFZVYJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptylsulfanylcyclohexane Chemical compound CCCCCCCSC1CCCCC1 RMUGCJVAFZVYJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZSNOEZYRBMUGIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptylsulfanylcyclooctane Chemical compound CCCCCCCSC1CCCCCCC1 ZSNOEZYRBMUGIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZJMJLWOCTWCQGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptylsulfanylcyclopentane Chemical compound CCCCCCCSC1CCCC1 ZJMJLWOCTWCQGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- NNUJFRHPHPUNEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexylsulfanylcyclohexane Chemical compound CCCCCCSC1CCCCC1 NNUJFRHPHPUNEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WCNZLOREXFVTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexylsulfanylcyclopentane Chemical compound CCCCCCSC1CCCC1 WCNZLOREXFVTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052945 inorganic sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YDZQQRWRVYGNER-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;titanium;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Ti].[Fe] YDZQQRWRVYGNER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000002960 margaryl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RYGZLCAZWIWVMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylsulfanylcycloheptane Chemical compound CSC1CCCCCC1 RYGZLCAZWIWVMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZJLHAKQYBVOBCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylsulfanylcyclooctane Chemical compound CSC1CCCCCCC1 ZJLHAKQYBVOBCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001421 myristyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001196 nonadecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- RXCAQFBDHQGCFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonylsulfanylcycloheptane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCSC1CCCCCC1 RXCAQFBDHQGCFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HGPWSQKPCIYOSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonylsulfanylcyclohexane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCSC1CCCCC1 HGPWSQKPCIYOSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFHCVKLZOCPXNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonylsulfanylcyclooctane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCSC1CCCCCCC1 OFHCVKLZOCPXNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KGFMETWHGMSZOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonylsulfanylcyclopentane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCSC1CCCC1 KGFMETWHGMSZOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- FFIIPKBXAWXOHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N octylsulfanylcyclooctane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCSC1CCCCCCC1 FFIIPKBXAWXOHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010979 pH adjustment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002958 pentadecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- QELIZJUXYUEORW-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentylsulfanylcycloheptane Chemical compound CCCCCSC1CCCCCC1 QELIZJUXYUEORW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RKCRLYNCLIKFOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentylsulfanylcyclohexane Chemical compound CCCCCSC1CCCCC1 RKCRLYNCLIKFOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FCLHIXRRPFFMAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentylsulfanylcyclooctane Chemical compound CCCCCSC1CCCCCCC1 FCLHIXRRPFFMAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- STHWWWFZOXANKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentylsulfanylcyclopentane Chemical compound CCCCCSC1CCCC1 STHWWWFZOXANKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001792 phenanthrenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- ZBXVHTJPXJLHKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylsulfanylcycloheptane Chemical compound CCCSC1CCCCCC1 ZBXVHTJPXJLHKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRTPNKMNAOQMOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylsulfanylcyclohexane Chemical compound CCCSC1CCCCC1 GRTPNKMNAOQMOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RQCUQPZTBNLEHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylsulfanylcyclooctane Chemical compound CCCSC1CCCCCCC1 RQCUQPZTBNLEHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OJXDFADLRHATCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylsulfanylcyclopentane Chemical compound CCCSC1CCCC1 OJXDFADLRHATCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005201 scrubbing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HYHCSLBZRBJJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydrosulfide Chemical compound [Na+].[SH-] HYHCSLBZRBJJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- IHBMMJGTJFPEQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidene(sulfanylidenestibanylsulfanyl)stibane Chemical compound S=[Sb]S[Sb]=S IHBMMJGTJFPEQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WWNBZGLDODTKEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidenenickel Chemical compound [Ni]=S WWNBZGLDODTKEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052970 tennantite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052969 tetrahedrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000101 thioether group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003585 thioureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWBUNZLLLLDXMD-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricopper;dicarbonate;dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Cu+2].[Cu+2].[Cu+2].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O GWBUNZLLLLDXMD-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 125000002889 tridecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000012989 trithiocarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- YIIYNAOHYJJBHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium;dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[U] YIIYNAOHYJJBHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D1/00—Flotation
- B03D1/001—Flotation agents
- B03D1/004—Organic compounds
- B03D1/012—Organic compounds containing sulfur
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D2201/00—Specified effects produced by the flotation agents
- B03D2201/02—Collectors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D2203/00—Specified materials treated by the flotation agents; Specified applications
- B03D2203/02—Ores
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- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Treatment Of Water By Oxidation Or Reduction (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
Description
NOVEL COLLECTORS FOR
THE SELECTIVE FROTH FLOTATION OF
SULFIDE MINERALS
This invention concerns novel collectors for the recovery of metal containing sulfide minerals and sulfidized metal containing oxide minerals from ores by froth flotation.
Flotation is a process of treating a mixture of finely divided mineral solids, e.g., a pulverulent ore, suspended in a liquid whereby a portion of such solids is separated from other finely divided solids, e.g., clays and other like materials present in the ore, by introducing a gas (or providing a gas in situ) in the liquid to produce a frothy mass containing certain of the solids on the top of the liquid, and leaving suspended (unfrothed) other solid components of the ore. Flotation is based on the principle that introducing a gas into a liquid containing solid particles of different materials suspended therein causes adherence of some gas to certain suspended solids and not to others and makes the particles having the gas
thus adhered thereto lighter than the liquid. Accordingly, these particles rise to the top of the liquid to form a froth.
Various flotation agents have been admixed with the suspension to improve the frothing process.
Such added agents are classed according to the function to be performed: collectors, for sulfide minerals including xanthates, thionocarbamates and the like; frothers which impart the property of forming a stable froth, e.g., natural oils such as pine oil and eucalyptus oil; modifiers such as activators to induce flotation in the presence of a collector, e.g., copper sulfate; depressants, e.g., sodium cyanide, which tend to prevent a collector from functioning as such on a mineral which it is desired to retain in the liquid, and thereby discourage a substance from being carried up and forming a part of the froth; pH regulators to produce optimum metallurgical results, e.g., lime, soda ash and the like.
It is of importance to bear in mind that additives of the hereinbefore described types are selected for use according to the nature of the ore, the mineral(s) sought to be recovered, and the other additaments which are to be used in combination therewith.
An understanding of the phenomena which makes flotation a particularly valuable industrial operation is not essential to the practice of the present invention. The phenomena appear, however, to be largely associated with selective affinity of the surface of particulated solids, suspended in a liquid containing
entrapped gas, for the liquid on the one hand, the gas on the other.
The flotation principle is applied in a number of mineral separation processes among which is the selective separation of such metal sulfide minerals as those containing copper, zinc, lead, nickel, molybdenum, and other metals from iron containing sulfide minerals such as pyrite and pyrrhotite.
Among collectors commonly used for the recovery of metal containing sulfide minerals or sulfidized metal containing oxide minerals are xanthates, dithiophosphates, and thionocarbamates. Other collectors commonly recognized as useful in the recovery of metal containing sulfide minerals or sulfidized metal containing oxide minerals are mercaptans, disulfides
(R-SS-R) and polysulfides [R-(S)n-R], wherein n is 3 or greater.
The conversion of metal containing sulfide minerals or sulfidized metal containing oxide minerals to the more useful pure metal state, is often achieved by smelting processes. Such smelting processes can result in the formation of volatile sulfur compounds. These volatile sulfur compounds are often released to the atmosphere through smokestacks, or are removed from such smokestacks by expensive and elaborate scrubbing equipment. Many nonferrous metal containing sulfide minerals or metal containing oxide minerals are found naturally in the presence of iron containing sulfide minerals such as pyrite and pyrrhotite. When the iron containing sulfide minerals are recovered in flotation processes along with the nonferrous metal containing
sulfide minerals and sulfidized metal containing oxide minerals, there is excess sulfur present which is released in the smelting processes resulting in an undesirably high amount of sulfur present during the smelting operations. What is needed is a process for selectively recovering the nonferrous metal containing sulfide minerals and sulfidized metal containing oxide minerals, without recovering the iron containing sulfide minerals such as pyrite and pyrrhotite.
Of the commercial collectors, the xanthates, thionocarbamates, and dithiophosphates do not selectively recover nonferrous metal containing sulfide minerals in the presence of iron containing sulfide minerals. On the contrary, such collectors collect and recover all metal containing sulfide minerals. The mercaptan collectors have an environmentally undesirable odor and are very slow kinetically in the flotation of metal containing sulfide minerals. The disulfides and polysulfides, when used as collectors, give low recoveries with slow kinetics. Therefore, the mercaptans, disulfides, and polysulfides are not generally used commercially. Furthermore, the mercaptans, disulfides and polysulfides do not selectively recover nonferrous metal containing sulfide minerals in the presence of iron containing sulfide minerals.
What is needed is a flotation collector which will selectively recover the nonferrous metal containing sulfide minerals or sulfidized metal containing oxide minerals in the presence of iron containing sulfide minerals such as pyrite and pyrrhotite.
This invention concerns a froth flotation process for selectively recovering nonferrous metal containing sulfide minerals or sulfidized metal containing oxide minerals from ores. More particularly, this invention concerns a process for recovering metal containing sulfide minerals or sulfidized metal containing oxide minerals from an ore which comprises subjecting the ore, in the form of an aqueous pulp, to a froth flotation process in the presence of a flotating amount of a flotation collector wherein the collector has a hydrocarbon containing one or more monosulfide units, wherein the carbon atoms to which the sulfur atom(s) are bound are aliphatic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms, and the total carbon content of the hydrocarbon portion of the collector is such that the collector has sufficient hydrophobic character to cause the metal containing sulfide mineral or sulfidized metal containing oxide mineral particles to be driven to the air/bubble interface, under conditions such that the metal containing sulfide mineral or sulfidized metal containing oxide mineral is recovered in the froth.
The novel collectors of this invention result in surprisingly high recovery of nonferrous metal containing sulfide minerals or sulfidized metal containing oxide minerals, and a surprisingly high selectivity toward such nonferrous metal containing sulfide minerals and sulfidized metal containing oxide minerals when such metal containing sulfide minerals or sulfidized metal containing oxide minerals are found in the presence of iron containing sulfide minerals. These collectors demonstrate good recovery and good kinetics.
The novel collector of this invention is a hydrocarbon which contains one or more monosulfide units wherein the sulfur atoms of the sulfide units are bound to non-aromatic carbon atoms, i.e., aliphatic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms. Monosulfide unit refers herein to a unit wherein a sulfur atom is bound to two carbon atoms of a hydrocarbon moiety only. Such hydrocarbon compounds containing one or more monosulfide units, as used herein, include such compounds which are substituted with hydroxy, cyano, halo, ether, hydrocarbyloxy and hydrocarbyl thioether moieties. Non-aromatic carbon atom refers herein to a carbon atom which is not part of an aromatic ring.
Preferred hydrocarbons containing monosulfide units include those corresponding to the formula
R1-S-R2
wherein
R1 and R2 are independently a hydrocarbyl radical or a hydrocarbyl radical substituted with one or more hydroxy, cyano, halo, ether, hydrocarbyloxy or hydrocarbyl thioether moieties;
wherein R1 and R2 may combine to form a heterocyclic ring structure with S; with the proviso that S is bound to an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic carbon atom; with the further proviso that the total carbon content of the sulfide collector be such that the sulfide collector has sufficient hydrophobic character to cause the metal sulfide particles to be driven to the air/bubble interface.
Preferably, R1 and R2 are independently an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aralkyl moiety, unsubstituted or substituted with one or more hydroxy, cyano, halo, OR3 , or SR3 moieties, wherein R3 is a hydrocarbyl radical; wherein R1 and R2 may combine to form a heterocyclic ring with S. R1 and R2 are more preferably an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic moiety, unsubstituted or substituted with one or more hydroxy, cyano, halo, OR3 , or SR3 moieties; wherei.n R1 and R2 may combine to form a heterocyclic ring with S. In a more preferred embodiment, R1 and R2 do not combine to form a heterocyclic ring with S, and R1 and R2 are alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl, unsubstituted or substituted with one or more hydroxy, halo, cyano, OR3 or SR3 moieties, wherein R3 is ali.phatic or cycloaliphatic. In a most preferred embodiment, R1 and R2 are independently alkyl or alkenyl, particularly R1 is methyl or ethyl and R2 is a C6-11alkyl or C6-11alkenyl group. In the most preferred embodiment, R1 and R2 are not the same hydrocarbon moiety, that is, the monosulfide is asymmetrical. R3 is preferably aliphatic or cycloaliphatic. R3 is more preferably alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl.
The total carbon content of the hydrocarbon portion of the hydrocarbon monosulfide collector must be such that the sulfide collector has sufficient hydrophobic character to cause the metal containing sulfide mineral or sulfidized metal containing oxide mineral particles to be driven to the air/bubble interface. Preferably, the total carbon content of the hydrocarbon monosulfide collector is such that the minimum carbon number is 4, more preferably 6, and most preferably 8. The maximum carbon content is preferably 20, more preferably 16, and most preferably 12.
Examples of cyclic compounds useful in this invention include the following structures.
wherein R4 is independently aryl, alkaryl, aralkyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, hydroxy, cyano, halo, OR3 or SR3 , wherein the aryl, alkaryl, aralkyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl may optionally be substituted with a hydroxy, cyano, OR3 or SR3 moi.ety, and the like; and R5 is a straight- or branched-alkylene, -alkenylene, or
-alkynylene, unsubstituted or substituted with a hydroxy, cyano, halo, OR3 or SR3 moiety.
In another preferred embodiment of this invention, the collectors of this invention correspond to the formula
(R6)3-nC(H)n-S-C(H)n(R6)3-n wherein
R6 is independently hydrocarbyl, or hydrocarbyl substituted with a hydroxy, cyano, halo, ether, hydrocarbyloxy or hydrocarbyl thioether moiety; wherein two R6 moieties may combine to form a cyclic ring or heterocyclic ring with the sulfur atom; n is an integer of 0, 1, 2 or 3; with the proviso that the total carbon content of the hydrocarbon portion of the collector is such that the collector has sufficient hydrophobic character
to cause the metal containing sulfide mineral or sulfidized metal containing oxide mineral particles to be driven to the air/bubble interface.
Preferably, R6 is aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aryl, alkaryl or aralkyl, unsubstituted or substituted with a cyano, hydroxy, halo, OR3 or SR3 moiety, wherein
R3 is as hereinbefore defined. More preferably, R6 is an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic moiety, unsubstituted or substituted with a hydroxy, cyano, halo, aliphatic ether, cycloaliphatic ether, aliphatic thioether or cycloaliphatic thioether moiety. Even more preferably,
R6 is an alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl moiety. Most preferably, one -C(H)n(R6)3-n is a methyl or ethyl moiety, and the other is a C6-11 alkyl or C6-11 alkenyl moiety. Preferably, n is 1, 2 or 3, and more preferably 2 or 3.
The preferred hydrocarbon containing monosulfide units of the formula R1-S-R2 , wherei.n R1 and R2 are defined as above, are prepared by standard methods known in the art, e.g. reacting R2-H with R1-SH, where R1 and R2 are defined as above.
Examples of compounds within the scope of this invention include methylbutyl sulfide, methylpentyl sulfide, methylhexyl sulfide, methylheptyl sulfide, methyloctyl sulfide, methylnonyl sulfide, methyldecyl sulfide, methylundecyl sulfide, methyldodecyl sulfide, methylcyclopentyl sulfide, methylcyclohexyl sulfide, methylcycloheptyl sulfide, methylcyclooctyl sulfide, ethylbutyl sulfide, ethylpentyl sulfide, ethylhexyl sulfide, ethylheptyl sulfide, ethyloctyl sulfide, ethylnonyl sulfide, ethyldecyl
sulfide, ethylundecyl sulfide, ethyldodecyl sulfide, ethylcyclopentyl sulfide, ethylcyclohexyl sulfide, ethylcycloheptyl sulfide, ethylcyclooctyl sulfide, propylbutyl sulfide, propylpentyl sulfide, propylhexyl sulfide, propylheptyl sulfide, propyloctyl sulfide, propylnonyl sulfide, propyldecyl sulfide, propylundecyl sulfide, propyldodecyl sulfide, propylcyclopentyl sulfide, propylcyclohexyl sulfide, propylcycloheptyl sulfide, propylcyclooctyl sulfide, dibutyl sulfide, butylpentyl sulfide, butylhexyl sulfide, butylheptyl sulfide, butyloctyl sulfide, butylnonyl sulfide, butyldecyl sulfide, butylundecyl sulfide, butyldodecyl sulfide, butylcyclopentyl sulfide, butylcyclohexyl sulfide, butylcycloheptyl sulfide, butylcyclooctyl sulfide, dipentyl sulfide, pentylhexyl sulfide, pentylheptyl sulfide, pentyloctyl sulfide, pentylnonyl sulfide, pentyldecyl sulfide, pentylundecyl sulfide, pentyldodecyl sulfide, pentylcyclopentyl sulfide, pentylcyclohexyl sulfide, pentylcycloheptyl sulfide, pentylcyclooctyl sulfide, dihexyl sulfide, hexylheptyl sulfide, hexyloctyl sulfide, hexylnonyl sulfide, hexyldecyl sulfide, hexylundecyl sulfide, hexyldodecyl sulfide, hexylcyclopentyl sulfide, hexylcyclohexyl sulfide, hexyleyeloheptyl sulfide, hexylcyclooctyl sulfide, diheptyl sulfide, heptyloctyl sulfide, heptylnonyl sulfide, heptyldecyl sulfide, heptylundecyl sulfide, heptyldodecyl sulfide, heptylcyclopentyl sulfide, heptylcyclohexyl sulfide, heptylcycloheptyl sulfide, heptylcyclooctyl sulfide, dioctyl sulfide, octylnonyl sulfide, octyldecyl sulfide, octylundecyl sulfide, octyldodecyl sulfide, octylcyclopentyl sulfide, octylcyclohexyl sulfide, octylcycloheptyl sulfide, octylcyclooctyl sulfide, octylcyclodecyl sulfide, dinonyl sulfide,
nonyldecyl sulfide, nonylundecyl sulfide, nonyldodecyl sulfide, nonylcyclopentyl sulfide, nonylcyclohexyl sulfide, nonylcycloheptyl sulfide, nonylcyclooctyl sulfide, didecyl sulfide, decylundecyl sulfide, decyldodecyl sulfide, decylcyclopentyl sulfide, decylcyclohexyl sulfide, decylcycloheptyl sulfide, and decylcyclooctyl sulfide. More preferred sulfides include methylhexyl sulfide, methylheptyl sulfide, methyloctyl sulfide, methylnonyl sulfide, methyldecyl sulfide, ethylhexyl sulfide, ethylheptyl sulfide, ethyloctyl sulfide, ethylnonyl sulfide, ethyldecyl sulfide, dibutyl sulfide, dipentyl sulfide, dihexyl sulfide, diheptyl sulfide, and dioctyl sulfide.
Hydrocarbon means herein an organic compound containing carbon and hydrogen atoms. The term hydrocarbon includes the following organic compounds: alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, cycloalkanes, cycloalkenes, cycloalkynes, aromatics, aliphatic and cycloaliphatic aralkanes and alkyl-substituted aromatics.
Aliphatic refers herein to straightand branched-chain, and saturated and unsaturated, hydrocarbon compounds, that is, alkanes, alkenes or alkynes. Cycloaliphatic refers herein to saturated and unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbons, that is, cycloalkenes and cycloalkanes.
Cycloalkane refers to an alkane containing one, two, three or more cyclic rings. Cycloalkene refers to mono-, di- and polycyclic groups containing one or more double bonds.
Hydrocarbyl means herein an organic radical containing carbon and hydrogen atoms. The term hydrocarbyl includes the following organic radicals: alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cyclo- alkenyl, aryl, aliphatic and cycloaliphatic aralkyl and alkaryl. The term aryl refers herein to biaryl, biphenylyl, phenyl, naphthyl, phenanthrenyl, anthra- cenyl and two aryl groups bridged by an alkylene group. Alkaryl refers herein to an alkyl-, alkenyl- or alkynyl- -substituted aryl substituent, wherein aryl is as defined hereinbefore. Aralkyl means herein an alkyl group, wherein aryl is as defined hereinbefore.
C1-20 alkyl includes straight- and branched-chain methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl, nonadecyl and eicόsyl groups.
Halo means herein a chloro, bromo, or iodo group.
The process of this invention is useful for the recovery, by froth flotation, of metal containing sulfide minerals and sulfidized metal containing oxide minerals from ores. An ore refers herein to the material as it is taken out of the ground and includes the desired metal containing minerals in admixture with the gangue. Gangue refers herein to that portion of the material which is of no value and needs to be separated from the desired metal containing minerals.
In a preferred embodiment, metal containing sulfide minerals are recovered. In a more preferred embodiment of this invention metal sulfide containing minerals containing copper, nickel, lead, zinc, or molybdenum are recovered. In an even more preferred embodiment, sulfide minerals containing copper are recovered. Also preferred metal sulfide containing minerals are those which have high natural hydrophobicity in the unoxidized state. The term "hydrophobicity in the unoxidized state" applies to a freshly ground mineral or a mineral having a fresh surface which demonstrates a tendency to float without collector addition.
Ores for which these compounds are useful include sulfide mineral ores containing, copper, zinc, molybdenum, cobalt, nickel, lead, arsenic, silver, chromium, gold, platinum, uranium and mixtures thereof. Examples of metal containing sulfide minerals which may be concentrated by froth flotation using the process of this invention include copper-bearing minerals such as, for example, covellite (CuS), chalcocite (Cu2S), chalcopyrite (CuFeS2), valleriite (Cu2Fe4S7 or Cu3Fe4S7), bornite (Cu5FeS4), cubanite (Cu2SFe4S5), enargite [Cu3(As1Sb)S4] , tetrahedrite (Cu3SbS2), tennantite (Cu12As4S13), brochantite [Cu4(OH)6SO4] , antlerite
[Cu3SO4(OH)4] , famatinite [Cu3(SbAs)S4] , and bournonite (PbCuSbS3); lead-bearing minerals such as, for example, galena (PbS).; antimony-bearing minerals such as, for example, stibnite (Sb2S3); zinc-bearing minerals such as, for example, sphalerite (ZnS); silver-bearing minerals such as, for example, stephanite (Ag5SbS4), and argentite (Ag2S); chromium-bearing minerals such as, for example, daubreelite (FeSCrS,); nickel-bearing minerals such as, for example, pentlandite [(FeNi)9S8];
molybdenum-bearing minerals such as for example, molybdenite (MoS2) ; arid platinum- and palladium-bearing minerals such as, for example, cooperite [Pt(asS)2. Preferred metal containing sulfide minerals include molybdenite (MoS2), chalcopyrite (CuFeS2), galena
(PbS), sphalerite (ZnS), bornite (Cu5FeS4), and pentlandite [(FeNi)9S8] .
Sulfidized metal containing oxide minerals are minerals which are treated with a sulfidization chemical, so as to give such minerals sulfide mineral characteristics, so the minerals can be recovered in froth flotation using collectors which recover sulfide minerals. Sulfidization results in oxide minerals having sulfide characteristics. Oxide minerals are sulfidized by contact with compounds which react with the minerals to form a sulfur bond or affinity. Such methods are well-known in the art. Such compounds include sodium hydrosulfide, sulfuric acid and related sulfur containing salts, such as sodium sulfide.
Sulfidized metal containing oxide minerals for which this process is useful include oxide minerals containing copper, aluminum, iron, tungsten, molybdenum, magnesium, chromium nickel, titanium, manganese, tin, uranium, and mixtures thereof. Examples of metal containing oxide minerals which may be concentrated by froth flotation using the process of this invention include copper-bearing minerals, such as cuprite (Cu2O), tenorite (CuO), malachite [(Cu2OH)2CO3], azurite [Cu3(OH)2(CO3)2] , atacamite [Cu2Cl(OH)33 , chrysocolla (CuSiO3); aluminum-bearing minerals, such as corundum; zinc-containing minerals, such as zincite (ZnO), and smithsonite (ZnCO3); tungsten-bearing minerals such as
wolframite (Fe,Mn)WO4; nickel-bearing minerals such as bύnsenite (NiO); molybdenum-bearing minerals such as wulfenite (PbMoO4), and powellite (CaMoO4); iron-containing minerals, such as hematite and magnetite; chromium-containing minerals, such as chromite
(FeOCr2O3); iron- and titanium-containing minerals, such as ilmenite; magnesium- and aluminum-containing minerals, such as spinel; iron-chromium-containing minerals, such as chromite; titanium-containing minerals, such as rutile; manganese-containing minerals, such as pyrolusite; tin-containing minerals, such as cassiterite; and uranium-containing minerals, such as uraninite; and uranium-bearing minerals such as, for example, pitchblende [U2O5(U3O8)] and gummite (UO3nH2O).
The collectors of this invention can be used in any concentration which gives the desired recovery of the desired minerals. In particular, the concentration used is dependent upon the particular mineral(s) to be recovered, the grade of the ore to be subjected to the froth flotation process, the desired quality of the mineral to be recovered, and the particular mineral which is being recovered. Preferably, the collectors of this invention are used in concentrations of 0.001 kg to 1.0 kg per metric ton of ore, more preferably between about 0.010 kg and 0.2 kg of collector per metric ton of ore to be subjected to froth flotation.
Frothers are preferably used in the froth flotation process of this invention. Any frother well-known in the art, which results in the recovery of the desired mineral is suitable.
Frothers useful in this invention include any frothers known in the art which give the recovery of the desired mineral. Examples of such frothers include C5-8 alcohols, pine oils, cresols, C1-4 alkyl ethers of polypropylene glycols, dihydroxylates of polypropylene glycols, glycols, fatty acids, soaps, alkylaryl sulfonates , and the like . Furthermore, blends of such frothers may also be used. All frothers which are suitable for beneficiation of ores by froth flotation can be used in this invention.
Further, in the process of this invention it is contemplated that collectors of this invention can be used in mixtures with other collectors well-known in the art. Collectors, known in the art, which may be used in admixture with the collectors of this invention are those which will give the desired recovery of the desired mineral. Examples of collectors useful in this invention include alkyl monothiocarbonates, alkyl dithiocarbonates, alkyl trithiocarbonates, dialkyl dithiocarbonates, alkyl thionocarbamates, dialkyl thioureas, monoalkyl dithiophosphates, dialkyl and diaryl dithiophosphates, dialkyl monothiophosphates, dialkyl and diaryl thiophosphonyl chlorides, dialkyl and diaryl dithiophosphonates, alkyl mercaptans, xanthogen formates, xanthate esters, mercapto benzothiazoles, fatty acids and salts of fatty acids, alkyl sulfuric acids and salts thereof, alkyl and alkaryl sulfonic acids and salts thereof, alkyl phosphoric acids and salts thereof, alkyl and aryl phosphoric acids and salts thereof, sulfosuccinates, sulfosuccinamates, primary amines, secondary amines, tertiary amines, quaternary ammonium salts, alkyl pyridinium salts, guanidine, and alkyl propylene diamines.
Specific Embodiments
The following examples are included for illustration and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Unless otherwise indicated, all parts and fractions are by weight.
In the following examples, the performance of the frothing processes described is shown by giving the rate constant of flotation and the amount of recovery at infinite time. These numbers are calculated by using the formula
wherein: Ɣ is the fractional amount of mineral recovered at time t, k is the rate constant for the rate of recovery and R∞ is the calculated fractural amount of the mineral which would be recovered at infinite time. The amount recovered at various times is determined experimentally and the series of values are substituted into the equation to obtain the R∞ and k. The above formula is explained in Klimpel, "Selection of Chemical Reagents for Flotation", Chapter 45, pp. 907-934, Mineral Processing Plant Design, 2nd Ed., 1980, AIME (Denver).
Example 1 - Froth Flotation of a Copper Containing Sulfide Mineral
In this example several of the collectors of this invention were tested for flotation of copper containing sulfide minerals. A 500 g quantity of Western Canada copper ore, a relatively high grade chalcopyrite
containing ore with little pyrite, was placed in a rod mill having one-inch (2.5 cm) rods, with 257 g of deionized water and ground for 420 revolutions at a speed of 60 rpm to produce a size distribution of 25 percent less than 100 mesh. A quantity of lime was also added to the rod mill, based on the desired pH for the subsequent flotation. The ground slurry was transferred to a 1500 ml cell of an Agitair Flotation machine. The float cell was agitated at 1150 rpm and the pH was adjusted to 8.5 by the addition of further lime.
The collector was added to the float cell (8 g/metric ton), followed by a conditioning time of one minute, at which time the frother, DOWFROTH® 250, was added (18 g/metric ton). After an additional one-minute conditioning time, the air to the float cell was turned on at a rate of 4.5 liters per minute and the automatic froth removal paddle was started. The froth samples were taken off at 0.5, 1.5, 3, 5 and 8 minutes. The froth samples were dried overnight in an oven, along with the flotation tailings. The dried samples were weighed, divided into suitable samples for analysis, pulverized to insure suitable fineness, and dissolved in acid for analysis. The samples were analyzed using a DC Plasma Spectrograph. The results are compiled in Table I .
The collectors of this invention demonstrate better rates and equilibrium recovery than mercaptan and polysulfide collectors.
Example 2 - Froth Flotation of a Copper/Molybdenum Ore
Bags of homogeneous ore containing chalcopyrite and molybdenite minerals were prepared with each bag containing 1200 g. The rougher flotation procedure was to grind a 1200 g charge with 800 ml of tap water for 14 minutes in a ball mill having a mixed ball charge (to produce approximately a 13 percent plus 100 mesh grind). This pulp was transferred to an Agitair 1500 ml flotation cell outfitted with an automated paddle removal system. The slurry pH was adjusted to 10.2 using lime. No further pH adjustments were made during, the test. The standard frother was methyl isobutyl carbinol (MIBC). A four-stage rougher flotation scheme was then followed.
STAGE 1: Collector - 0.0042 kg/metric ton MIBC - 0.015 kg/metric ton
- condition - 1 minute
- float - collect concentrate for 1 minute
STAGE 2: Collector 0.0021 kg/metric ton MIBC 0.005 kg/metric ton condition - 0.5 minute float - collect concentrate for 1.5 minutes
STAGE 3: Collector - 0.0016 kg/metric ton MIBC - 0.005 kg/metric ton
- condition - 0.5 minute
- float - collect concentrate for 2.0 minutes
STAGE 4: Collector - 0.0033 kg/metric ton MIBC - 0.005 kg/metric ton
- condition - 0.5 minute
- float - collect concentrate for 2.5 minutes
The results are compiled in Table I I
TABLE I I
Copper/Molybdenum Ore from Western Canada
ColDosage Ave Ave Ave lecg/metric CU Molyb Cu Mo Fe tor ton R-71 R-71 Grade2 Grade2 Grade2
A 11.2 0.776 0.725 0.056 0.00181 0.254
B 11.2 0.710 0.691 0.093 0.00325 0.149
B 6.7 0.730 0.703 0.118 0.00390 0.155
B 22.4 0.756 0.760 0.105 0.00346 0.161
C 11.2 0.699 0.697 0.107 0.00386 0.164
C 22.4 0.723 0.723 0.112 0.00392 0.142
A - potassium amyl xanthate, not an example of this invention
B - 1,2-epithiooctane C - hexylmethyl sulfide
1 - R-7 is the experimental fractional recovery after 7 minutes 2 - Grade is the fractional content of the specified metal in total weight collected in the froth
The use of the collectors of this invention has a significant influence both on improving the overall concentrate grade (the fraction of desired metal containing sulfide mineral in the final flotation product) as well as a significant lowering of pyrite in the concentrate as measured by the lowering of the Fe assay of the product. This is true regardless of the dosage being used. This means less mass being fed to smelters and less sulfur emissions per unit of metal being produced.
Example 3 - Froth Flotation of Copper/Nickel
Ore from Eastern Canada Containing Very High Amounts of Iron Sulfide Mineral in the Form of Pyrrhotite A series of samples were drawn from the feeders to plant rougher bank and placed in buckets to give approximately 1200 g of solid. The slurry contained chalcopyrite and pentlandite minerals. The contents of each bucket were then used to perform a time-recovery profile on a Denver cell using an automated paddle and constant pulp level device with individual concentrates selected at 1.0, 3.0, 6.0 and 12.0 minutes. The collectors were added once with a condition time of one minute before froth removal was started. The dosage of the collectors was 0.028 kg/- metric ton of flotation feed. Individual concentrates were dried, weighed, ground and statistically representative samples prepared for assay. Time-related recoveries and overall head grades are calculated using standard mass balance equations.
The collectors of this invention give a copper recovery comparable to sodium amyl xanthate; the collectors of this invention result in much higher rates of flotation. The collectors of this invention result in a lower nickel recovery than sodium amyl xanthate, but also provide a much lower recovery of undesired iron sulfide pyrrhotite. This is indicated by the R12 value of pyrrhotite and the about 50 percent increase in selectivity of nickel sulfide mineral over the undesired iron sulfide mineral pyrrhotite.
Example 4 - Froth Flotation of A complex Pb/Zn/Cu/Ag Ore from Central Canada
Uniform 1000 g samples of ore were prepared. The ore contained galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, and argentite minerals. For each flotation run, a sample was added to a rod mill along with 500 ml of tap water and 7.5 ml of SO2 solution. Six and one-half minutes of mill time were used to prepare a feed of 90 percent less than 200 mesh (75 microns). After grinding, the contents were transferred to a cell fitted with an automated paddle for froth removal, and the cell was attached to a standard Denver flotation mechanism.
A two-stage flotation was then performed. In Stage I, a copper/lead/silver rougher float was carried out, and in Stage II, a zinc rougher float was carried out. To start the Stage I flotation, 1.5 g/kg Na2CO3 was added (pH of 9 to 9.5), followed by the addition of collector(s). The pulp was then conditioned for 5 minutes with air and agitation. This was followed by a 2-minute condition period with agitation only. MIBC frother was then added (standard dose of 0.015 ml/kg).
Concentrate was collected for 5 minutes of flotation and labeled as copper/lead rougher concentrate.
The Stage II flotation consisted of adding 0.5 kg/metric ton of CuSO4 to the cell remains of Stage I. The pH was then adjusted to 10.5 with lime addition. This was followed by a condition period of 5 minutes with agitation only. pH was then rechecked and adjusted back to 10.5 with lime. At this point, the collector(s) were added, followed by a 5-minute condition period with agitation only. MIBC frother was then added (standard dose of 0.020 ml/kg). Concentrate was collected for 5 minutes and labeled as zinc rougher concentrate.
Concentrate samples were dried, weighed, and appropriate samples prepared for assay using X-ray techniques. Using the assay data, recoveries and grades were calculated using standard mass balance formulae.
In addition to the above procedure, tests were also run at lower pH in Stage I (no Na2CO3 was added, giving a pH of 8.5) and in Stage II only enough lime was added to give a pH of 9.5. Also with the lower pH, 0.3 kg/metric ton of CuSO4 was added.
This is a complicated flotation which shows tlie rather remarkable result that the collectors of this invention can be substituted for a complex mixture of 3 commercially optimized collectors and essentially match the metal recoveries and grades at the normal pH and CuSO4 selected as optimal for the commercial collectors (tests 1, 2, 3). The corresponding tests (4, 5, 6) at lower pH and CuSO4 also show that the collectors of this invention are capable of giving significantly improved metal grades over the 3 commercial collectors. This result can represent significant savings in lime arid CuSO4 costs to a plant operation. (The main reason pH was controlled to 10.5 in Stage I and 9.5 in Stage II was to improve selectivity. The main reason for adding CuSO4 was to improve Zn recovery while maintaining grade. ) Note that at the lower CuSO4 runs (5, 6) the collectors of this invention actually increased Zn recovery and maintain good grade.
Example 5 - Froth Floatation of a Copper/ Molybdenum Ore
A 500 g quantity of a copper/molybdenum ore from South America was placed in a rod mill having one-inch (2.5 cm) rods along with 257 g of deionized water and a quantity of lime. The mixture was ground for 360 revolutions at a speed of 60 rpm to produce a size distribution of suitable finess (about 25 percent less than 100 mesh). The ground slurry, containing various copper containing sulfide minerls and molybdenite, was transferred to a 1500 ml cell of an Agitair Flotation machine. The float cell was agitated at 1150 rpm and the pH was adjusted to 8.5 by the addition of either lime or hydrochloric acid.
The collector was added to the float cell (45 g/metric ton), followed by a conditioning time of one minute, at which time the frother, DOWFROTH® 250, was added (36.4 g/metric ton). After an additional conditioning time of one minute, the air to the float cell was turned on at a rate of 4.5 liters per minute and the automatic froth removal paddle was started. Samples of the froth were collected at 0.5, 1.5, 3, 5, and 8 minutes. The froth samples were dried overnight in an over along with the flotation tailings. The dried samples were weighed, divided into suitable samples for analysis, pulverized to insure suitable fineness, and dissolved in acid for analysis on a DC Plasma Spectrograph. The results are compiled in Table V.
.
The collectors of this invention show a significant increase in molybdenum recovery over the standard reagent; however, there is a decrease in the copper recovery. Also a very significant desired decrease is shown in the recovery of iron-bearing sulfide minerals.
Example 6 - Froth Flotation of a Copper Ore
When the procedure of Example 1 was repeated using a relatively high grade chalcopyrite containing ore with little pyrite from a different location in the same mine as Example 1, the following results were obtained as compiled in Table VI .
angue
R
0.092 0.
0.174 0
0.200 0
0.179 0.
0.152 0
0.439 0 inutes at 8 minutes
This example illustrates two fractors: 1) the influence of the hydrophobic portion of the collector; 2) the comparison of the compounds of this invention to a simple inorganic sulfide (Na2S ) .
Claims
1. A process for recovering metal containing sulfide minerals or sulfidized metal containing oxide minerals from an ore which comprises subjecting the ore, in the form of an aqueous pulp, to a froth flotation process in the presence of a flotating amount of a flotation collector wherein the collector has a hydrocarbon containing one or more monosulfide units, wherein the carbon atoms to which the sulfur atom(s) are bound are aliphatic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms, and the total carbon content of the hydrocarbon portion of the collector is such that the collector has sufficient hydrophobic character to cause the metal containing sulfide mineral or sulfidized metal containing oxide mineral particles to be driven to the air/bubble interface, under conditions such that the metal containing sulfide mineral or sulfidized metal containing oxide mineral is recovered in the froth.
2. The process of Claim 1 wherein the collector comprises a sulfide of the formula R1-S-R2, wherein R1 and R2 are i.ndependently hydrocarbyl radical or a hydrocarbyl radical substituted with one or more hydroxy, cyano, halo, ether, hydrocarbyloxy or hydrocarbyl thioether moieties;
wherein R1 and R2 may combine to form a heterocyclic ring structure with S; with the proviso that S is bound to an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic carbon atom; with the further proviso that the total carbon content of the sulfide collector be such that the sulfide collector has sufficient hydrophobic character to cause the metal sulfide particles to be driven to the air/bubble interface.
3. The process of Claim 2 wherein R1 and R2 are independently an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aralkyl moiety, unsubstituted or substituted with one or more hydroxy, cyano, halo, OR3 or SR3 moieties; wherein R3 is a hydrocarbyl radi.cal; wherein R1 and R2 may combine to form a heterocyclic ring with S.
4. The process of Claim 3 wherein the total carbon content of the sulfide collector is from 4 to 20 carbon atoms.
5. The process of Claim 4 wherein R1 and R2 are an cycloaliphatic or aliphatic moiety, unsubstituted or substituted with one or more hydroxy, cyano, halo, OR3 or SR3 moi.eti.es; wherei.n R3 i.s a hydrocarbyl radical; wherein R1 and R2 may combine to form a heterocyclic ring with S.
6. The process of Claim 5 wherein R1 and R2 are alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl, unsubstituted or substituted with one or more hydroxy, halo, cyano, OR3 or SR3 moieties, wherein R3 is aliphatic or cycloaliphatic; and R1 and R2 do not combine to form a heterocyclic ring structure.
7. The process of Claim 6 wherein the sulfide collector has a total carbon content of from 6 to 16 carbon atoms.
8. The process of Claim 7 wherein R1 and R2 are independently alkyl or alkenyl.
9. The process of Claim 8 wherein R is methyl or ethyl, and R2 is a C6-11 alkyl or C6-11 alkenyl group.
10. The process of Claim 2 wherein R1 and R2 are not the same hydrocarbon moiety.
11. The process of Claim 9 wherein a metal containing sulfide mineral is recovered in the froth.
12. The process of Claim 11 wherein the metal containing sulfide mineral recovered in the froth contains copper, zinc, molybdenum, cobalt, nickel, lead, arsenic, silver, chromium, gold, platinum, uranium or mixtures thereof.
13. The process of Claim 12 wherein the metal containing sulfide mineral recovered in the froth is molybdenite, chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite, bornite, or pentlandite.
14. The process of Claim 1 or 13 wherein the sulfide collector is present in a concentration of from 0.001 to 1.0 kg of collector/metric ton of ore to be sujbected to froth flotation.
15. The process of Claim 1 wherein the collector corresponds to the formula
(R6)3-nC(H)n-S-C(H)n(R6)3-n
wherein
R6 is independently a hydrocarbyl, or hydrocarbyl substituted with a hydroxy, cyano, halo, ether, hydrocarbyloxy or hydrocarbyl thioether moiety; wherein two R6 moieties may combine to form a cyclic ring or heterocyclic ring with the sulfur atom; n is an integer of 0, 1, 2 or 3; with the proviso that the total carbon content of the hydrocarbon portion of the collector is such that the collector has sufficient hydrophobic character to cause the metal containing sulfide mineral or sulfidized metal containing oxide mineral particles to be driven to the air/bubble interface.
16. The process of Claim 1 wherein the metal containing sulfide minerals are those which have a high natural hydrophobicity in the unoxidized state.
17. In a process for recovering metal containing sulfide minerals or sulfidized metal containing oxide minerals from a ore by subjecting the ore, in the form of an aqueous pulp, to a froth flotation process in the presence of a flotating amount of a flotation collector, the improvement comprises using a collector which has a hydrocarbon containing one or more monosulfide units, wherein the carbon atoms to which the
sulfur atom(s) are bound are aliphatic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms, and the total carbon content of the hydrocarbon portion of the collector is such that the collector has sufficient hydrophobic character to cause the metal containing sulfide mineral or sulfidized metal containing oxide mineral particles to be driven to the air/bubble interface, under conditions such that the metal containing sulfide mineral or sulfidized metal containing oxide mineral is recovered in the froth.
18. The process of Claim 17, wherein the collector is defined as in any one of Claims 2 to 16.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US74009185A | 1985-05-31 | 1985-05-31 | |
| US740091 | 1985-05-31 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU5456486A AU5456486A (en) | 1986-12-24 |
| AU576665B2 true AU576665B2 (en) | 1988-09-01 |
Family
ID=24975003
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU54564/86A Expired AU576665B2 (en) | 1985-05-31 | 1986-02-18 | Froth flotation of metal-containing sulphide minerals |
Country Status (17)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS63100961A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1011765B (en) |
| AU (1) | AU576665B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8606705A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1270076A (en) |
| ES (1) | ES8800077A1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI80834C (en) |
| PH (1) | PH23738A (en) |
| PL (1) | PL147849B1 (en) |
| RO (1) | RO100591B1 (en) |
| SE (1) | SE500499C2 (en) |
| SU (1) | SU1582978A3 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1986006983A1 (en) |
| YU (1) | YU45768B (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA861169B (en) |
| ZM (1) | ZM1286A1 (en) |
| ZW (1) | ZW4086A1 (en) |
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| US4732667A (en) * | 1985-02-20 | 1988-03-22 | Berol Kemi Ab | Process and composition for the froth flotation beneficiation of iron minerals from iron ores |
| ZM1386A1 (en) * | 1985-07-12 | 1988-12-30 | Dow Chemical Co | Novel collector compositions for froth flotation |
| CA1268565A (en) * | 1985-11-29 | 1990-05-01 | Richard R. Klimpel | Collector compositions for the froth flotation of mineral values |
| FI940892A7 (en) * | 1991-08-28 | 1994-02-25 | Commw Scient Ind Res Org | Processing of ores |
| RU2167001C2 (en) * | 1999-07-06 | 2001-05-20 | ОАО "Норильский горно-металлургический комбинат им. А.П. Завенягина" | Method of concentrating sulfide copper-nickel ores containing platinum metals |
| RU2390382C2 (en) * | 2008-04-15 | 2010-05-27 | Учреждение Российской академии наук Институт проблем комплексного освоения недр РАН (УРАН ИПКОН РАН) | Method for extraction of non-ferrous and noble metals |
| RU2368427C1 (en) * | 2008-04-15 | 2009-09-27 | Институт проблем комплексного освоения недр РАН (ИПКОН РАН) | Flotation method of noble metals |
| RU2393925C1 (en) * | 2008-11-19 | 2010-07-10 | Александр Юрьевич Хмельник | Method of flotation separation of sulphides comprising noble metals from complex iron-containing ore and composite material to this end |
| PE20190557A1 (en) * | 2011-10-18 | 2019-04-17 | Cytec Tech Corp | FOAM FLOATING PROCESS |
| CN102631993A (en) * | 2012-03-20 | 2012-08-15 | 北京矿冶研究总院 | Method for flotation of copper sulphide ore |
| CN103977907B (en) * | 2014-05-15 | 2016-03-23 | 中南大学 | A kind of xanthate acyl ester collector and its preparation and application method |
| US9512248B1 (en) | 2015-12-28 | 2016-12-06 | Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp | Mixed decyl mercaptans compositions and use thereof as chain transfer agents |
| US10040758B2 (en) | 2015-12-28 | 2018-08-07 | Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp | Mixed decyl mercaptans compositions and methods of making same |
| US9505011B1 (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2016-11-29 | Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp | Mixed decyl mercaptans compositions and use thereof as mining chemical collectors |
| US10294200B2 (en) | 2015-12-28 | 2019-05-21 | Chevron Phillips Chemical Company, Lp | Mixed branched eicosyl polysulfide compositions and methods of making same |
| US9512071B1 (en) | 2015-12-28 | 2016-12-06 | Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp | Mixed decyl mercaptans compositions and methods of making same |
| US10011564B2 (en) | 2015-12-28 | 2018-07-03 | Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp | Mixed decyl mercaptans compositions and methods of making same |
| CN106179767B (en) * | 2016-09-23 | 2018-04-03 | 中南大学 | A kind of application of the thiones flotation collector of 1,3,4 oxadiazole 2 |
| CN108057525A (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2018-05-22 | 西北矿冶研究院 | Flotation collector for improving associated gold of low-grade copper ore and copper-molybdenum ore and preparation method thereof |
| CN108499723B (en) * | 2018-03-06 | 2020-12-15 | 昆明理工大学 | A method for removing arsenic and comprehensive utilization of resources from arsenic-containing sulfur concentrate |
| CN109622234B (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2021-04-20 | 西北矿冶研究院 | Copper sulfide ore combined collector suitable for grading and regrinding tailings |
| CN109550598B (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2019-09-24 | 中南大学 | Application of a kind of alkoxypropyl thiourea in metal ore flotation |
| CN109365138B (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2021-03-05 | 河南城建学院 | A new type of composite flotation agent for flotation of copper-nickel sulfide ore |
| CN109731693B (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2021-09-14 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Method for sulfurizing and floating copper-lead-zinc oxide ore by using cyanuric acid saturated solution |
| JP7299592B2 (en) * | 2019-11-05 | 2023-06-28 | 国立大学法人九州大学 | beneficiation method |
| CN110721817B (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2022-05-27 | 南华大学 | Collecting agent for floating uranyl carbonate ions and application thereof |
| CN111266195B (en) * | 2020-03-05 | 2021-09-07 | 中南大学 | A combined collector for zinc oxide ore flotation and its application |
| PE20231719A1 (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2023-10-24 | Japan Organization for Metals and Energy Security | METHOD FOR SELECTIVELY RECOVERING COPPER ORE CONTAINING ARSENIC AND FLOTATION AGENT USED THEREIN |
| CN115213016B (en) * | 2021-04-19 | 2025-02-28 | 郑州大学 | A flotation recovery method for sulfide ore in cyanide tailings |
| CN113369022B (en) * | 2021-06-08 | 2023-01-10 | 金川镍钴研究设计院有限责任公司 | Beneficiation method for high-calcium-magnesium type chalcopyrite |
| CN113477393B (en) * | 2021-08-10 | 2022-10-28 | 南华大学 | Method for leaching uranium from pyrite-containing carbonate type uranium ore |
| CN115254437A (en) * | 2022-07-04 | 2022-11-01 | 昆明冶金研究院有限公司 | A method for realizing low alkalinity flotation of muddy copper-molybdenum sulfide ore by controlling phase interface |
| WO2024172017A1 (en) * | 2023-02-15 | 2024-08-22 | 住友化学株式会社 | Flotation agent, and method for collecting arsenic-free copper mineral |
| CN116809241A (en) * | 2023-02-24 | 2023-09-29 | 昆明冶金研究院有限公司 | Efficient copper mine collector for oxygen-sulfur mixed flotation and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN117259016B (en) * | 2023-10-31 | 2025-09-12 | 中南大学 | Flotation collector and preparation method thereof, combined flotation agent and application thereof |
| CN119186828B (en) * | 2024-09-23 | 2026-03-24 | 湖南有色金属研究院有限责任公司 | Application of n-methyl-n-pentylthiourea as a collector and its simultaneous flotation method in sulfur-oxygen mixed copper-cobalt ores |
| CN119425960A (en) * | 2024-11-12 | 2025-02-14 | 昆明冶金研究院有限公司 | A high-efficiency foaming agent suitable for muddy porphyry copper mines in alpine areas and a preparation method thereof |
| CN119951669B (en) * | 2025-03-24 | 2025-10-17 | 昆明理工大学 | Collector for reverse flotation of collophosphite under acidic conditions and preparation method thereof |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1774183A (en) * | 1927-05-13 | 1930-08-26 | Barrett Co | Concentration of minerals |
| US4526696A (en) * | 1982-10-13 | 1985-07-02 | Societe Nationale Elf Aquitaine (Production) | Flotation of minerals |
-
1986
- 1986-02-14 CA CA000501884A patent/CA1270076A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-02-14 PH PH33415A patent/PH23738A/en unknown
- 1986-02-14 ES ES552027A patent/ES8800077A1/en not_active Expired
- 1986-02-17 PL PL1986257991A patent/PL147849B1/en unknown
- 1986-02-17 ZW ZW40/86A patent/ZW4086A1/en unknown
- 1986-02-17 ZA ZA861169A patent/ZA861169B/en unknown
- 1986-02-17 ZM ZM12/86A patent/ZM1286A1/en unknown
- 1986-02-17 YU YU23286A patent/YU45768B/en unknown
- 1986-02-17 CN CN86101682A patent/CN1011765B/en not_active Expired
- 1986-02-18 RO RO12682086A patent/RO100591B1/en unknown
- 1986-02-18 AU AU54564/86A patent/AU576665B2/en not_active Expired
- 1986-02-18 WO PCT/US1986/000350 patent/WO1986006983A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1986-02-18 BR BR8606705A patent/BR8606705A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-09-03 JP JP61207632A patent/JPS63100961A/en active Pending
-
1987
- 1987-01-28 FI FI870368A patent/FI80834C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-01-30 SE SE8700376A patent/SE500499C2/en unknown
- 1987-01-30 SU SU4028936A patent/SU1582978A3/en active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1774183A (en) * | 1927-05-13 | 1930-08-26 | Barrett Co | Concentration of minerals |
| US4526696A (en) * | 1982-10-13 | 1985-07-02 | Societe Nationale Elf Aquitaine (Production) | Flotation of minerals |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ZW4086A1 (en) | 1987-09-09 |
| BR8606705A (en) | 1987-08-11 |
| RO100591B1 (en) | 1992-01-28 |
| PL257991A1 (en) | 1987-12-14 |
| CN1011765B (en) | 1991-02-27 |
| PH23738A (en) | 1989-11-03 |
| PL147849B1 (en) | 1989-08-31 |
| ZA861169B (en) | 1987-10-28 |
| YU45768B (en) | 1992-07-20 |
| ES8800077A1 (en) | 1987-10-16 |
| ES552027A0 (en) | 1987-10-16 |
| SU1582978A3 (en) | 1990-07-30 |
| CN86101682A (en) | 1987-01-28 |
| FI80834C (en) | 1990-08-10 |
| FI870368A0 (en) | 1987-01-28 |
| WO1986006983A1 (en) | 1986-12-04 |
| FI870368A7 (en) | 1987-01-28 |
| AU5456486A (en) | 1986-12-24 |
| FI80834B (en) | 1990-04-30 |
| SE8700376L (en) | 1987-01-30 |
| JPS63100961A (en) | 1988-05-06 |
| SE500499C2 (en) | 1994-07-04 |
| YU23286A (en) | 1988-06-30 |
| SE8700376D0 (en) | 1987-01-30 |
| ZM1286A1 (en) | 1988-12-30 |
| CA1270076A (en) | 1990-06-05 |
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