AU610429B2 - High damping capacity, two-phase fe-mn-al-c alloy - Google Patents
High damping capacity, two-phase fe-mn-al-c alloy Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- AU610429B2 AU610429B2 AU39815/89A AU3981589A AU610429B2 AU 610429 B2 AU610429 B2 AU 610429B2 AU 39815/89 A AU39815/89 A AU 39815/89A AU 3981589 A AU3981589 A AU 3981589A AU 610429 B2 AU610429 B2 AU 610429B2
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- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- alloy
- cast iron
- phase
- damping capacity
- alloys
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910001141 Ductile iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 235000000396 iron Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910001060 Gray iron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910001296 Malleable iron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920008712 Copo Polymers 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018487 Ni—Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
Carbon steels and other hot-and cold-workable ferrous alloys generally have poor damping capacity as compared to that cast iron (gray cast iron, malleable cast iron and ductile cast iron). This is because the graphite in cast irons helps to absorb the damping force and depresses the damping wave. But cast iron can not be rolled into strip of sheet. By controlling the correlated concentrations of manganese, aluminum and carbon, Fe-Mn-Al-C based alloys are made to be alpha + gamma two-phase alloy steel with different alpha and gamma volume fractions. With particular ferrite volumes, workable Fe-Mn-Al-C based alloys have equivalent and better damping capacity than that of cast irons especially in the high frequency side. Such alloys suppress the vibration noise that comes from machine rooms, motors, air conditioners, and etc. Chromium and other minor amount of elements can be added to this alloy system to improve the corrosion resistance.
Description
i1.4 1u |.6 zAXMAnjsibdou llI!61e q6q p: ZAXMAnisdOdwl0)N rlH0d9DV'i Ot 1. Ill IIIS III 11 6 8 1'1 ll PI DATE 05/02/90 APPLN. ID 39815 89 AOJP DATE 22/03/90 PCT NUMBER PCT/US89/02950 INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (51) International Patent Classification 4 (11) International Publication Number: WO 90/00629 C22C 38/04, 38/06, 38/38 Al (43) International Publication Date: 25 January 1990 (25.01.90) (21) International Application Number: PCT/US89/02950 (81) Designated States: AT (European patent), AU, BE (European patent), CH (European patent), DE (European pa- (22) International Filing Date: 6 July 1989 (06.07.89) tent), FR (European patent), GB (European patent), IT (European patent), JP, KR, LU (European patent), NL (European patent), SE (European patent).
Priority data: 218,695 8 July 1988 (08.07.88) US Ia__A_:I 1Qo'( nAoLoA.R_ US Published SECTION a) DIRECTION SEE FUOl.1 (71) NAME DIRECTED PAMc. TE.t_ copo ,op Drive, Hacienda Heights, CA 91745 (US).
(74) Agert: MacQUEEN, Ewan, 886 Piermont Ave., Pier- mont, NY 10968 y TMh's document contains the ic.:ts made under 49 and is correct for Spri-.ting.
(54)Title: HIGH DAMPING CAPACITY, TWO-PHASE FE-MN-AL-C ALLOY (57) Abstract Carbon steels and other hot-and cold-workable ferrous alloys generally have poor damping capacity as compared to that cast iron (gray cast iron, malleable cast iron and ductile cast iron). This is because the graphite in cast irons helps to absorb the damping force and depresses the damping wave. But cast iron can not be rolled into strip of sheet. By controlling the correlated concentrations of manganese, aluminum and carbon, Fe-Mn-Al-C based alloys are made to be a y two-phase alloy steel with different a and y volume fractions. With particular ferrite volumes, workable Fe-Mn-Al-C based alloys have equivalent and better damping capacity than that of cast iions especially in the high frequency side. Such alloys suppress the vibration noise that comes from machine rooms, motors, air conditioners, and etc. Chromium and other minor amount of elements can be added to this alloy system to improve the corrosion resistance.
inventor(), UPPU'.ILUI £IL~u j u L r" Aienallon or Imalation day o 0 resuir. Declared at New York this 16th day of January To: Famcy Steel Corpration The Commissioner of Patents, COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA (Si naturc o LciTurah) ARTHUR S. CAVE CO.
PATENT AND TRADE MARK ATTORNEYS
SYDNEY
S.C.-4 AMD/0347a i1- Two-Phase High Damping Capacity Fe-Mn-Al-C Based Alloy Background For the past years o:+y two-phase alloy have been developed by adding molybdenum and cobalt to the Fe-Ni-Cr alloy system for the purpose of making alloys having both better stress corrosion and hydrogen embrittlement resistance. But none of these alloys was designed for the purpose of higher damping capacity. The iron based materials that have been using for high damping capacity are cast irons. The graphite in those cast iron is the most important factor for the absorbing of the high frequency vibration wave. But cast irons S generally are not workable. Therefore the usage of cast irons Oo in high damping applications is limited.
Description of the Drawings In the drawing Figure 1 depicts the damping capacity curve of an alloy of the invention; and "Figure 2 depicts the damping capacity curve for ductile iron.
Detailed Description In the Fe-Mn-Al-C based alloys, manganese and carbon are Y phase formers and aluminium is c phase former. By suitable chemical composition arrangement Fe-Mn-Al-C based alloys can be designed to be full y phase steel such as Fe-29Mn-7Al-1C. Reduction of the manganese or carbon or both of them and the increase of aluminium can promote the V IU/Uq a la appearance of a phase, and make the alloy an a+y two-phase steel. The volume fraction of a phase can be easily controlled by changing the amount of manganese or/and carbon or/and aluminium or/and some other ferrite former elements.
Alloys according to the invention contain, in weight percent, 10% to 45% manganese, 4% to 12% aluminium, up to 12% chromium, 0.01% to 0.7% carbon and the balance being iron apart from incidental impurities, and are characterised by a microstructure containing about 25 to about 75 volume percent ferrite, with the remainder austenite and by a high damping capacity on the order of that of a cast iron. Some other minor elements such as nickel, molybdenum, columbium, cobalt, silicon, copper, boron, vanadium, tungsten, zirconium, titanium, nitrogen, niobium, etc. may be further comprised in this alloy.
*OS
i 5 i 0 S 0 L WO 90/00629 PCT/US89/02950 -2- Example 1.
This example illustrates the effect of the element compositions on the change of a volume fraction in the Fe-Mn-AI-C based alloys. Manganese and carbon are austenite phase stabilizers and aluminum is a ferrite phase former. The effect of the carbon content on the ferrite fraction of the Fe-Mn-Al-C based alloys is shown in Table I. in which the chemical composition of aluminum and manganese are essentially constant and the carbon content decreases from 0.5 wt% to 0.11 wt%.
With the decreasing of carbon content, the ferrite phase volume fractions of the alloys increases from 0% to 36%. With the change of manganese, carbon and aluminum contents, the volume fractions of ferrite phase and balanced y phase is controlled to be from 25% to 75%. Within this ferrite fraction range, excellent damping capacity is always found in the Fe-Mn-Al-C based alloy.
Table I comoosition Mn I Al C ferrite vol% alloy (wt%) 1 26.0 7.4 0.5 0 2 26.3 7.6 0.34 11.9 3 25.8 7.4 0.11 36.0 Example 2.
This example illustrates the good damping capacity of the said cay two-phase Fe-Mn-Al-C based alloys which have been measured and determined with comparison to ductile cast iron. The test sample of the invention contained 19.7M.n-5.84Al-5.74Cr-0.19C. The ferrite volume fraction is about 65% balanced with y phase. The dampir.g capacity curves of the damping capacity tests of the Fe-Mn-Al-C based alloy and ductile cast iron are shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. It is seen that the damping capacities of the two alloys are almost equivalent.
WO 90/00629 PC/US89/02950 -3- Example 3.
This example illustrates the good workability of a+y two-phase Fe-Mn-Al-C based alloys. The alloys listed in Table II were cast into ingot; homogenized at 1200°C; cut and hot forged at 12000C; further annealed at 11500C and descaled. The alloys were cold rolled into 2.0 mm thick strip and annealed. The ferrite volume percentages of these strips were measured and are listed in Table III. The mechanical properties of these annealed strips are also listed in Table III. It is seen that the alloys of the invention have good workablility and excellent mechanical properties.
Table 11.
alloy no. Mn Al C Cr Other #109 25.1 6.7 0.287 5.6 200ppmN 2 #108 30.3 6.3 0.244 5.8 #320 21.6 6.8 0.11 0 #317 20.0 6.1 0.4 5.5 0.92Mo #129 33.4 10.3 0.47 2.1 0.2Ti #116 29.5 10.2 0.4 0 0.1Nb Table Ill sample no. 0.20% proof ultimate tensile elongation hardness ferrite stress(ksi) stress (ksi) (Rb) #109 45 103 42 84 #108 39 94 44 80 28 #320 41 98 43 82 67 #317 44 101 41 83 #129 61 112 38 86 #116 59 109 37 85 73 c'
Claims (2)
1. A ferrite-austenite two-phase alloy of high damping capacity having a composition comprising 10 to 45 wt% manganese, 4 to 15 wt% aluminium, up to 12 wt% chromium, 0.01 to 0.7 wt% carbon and the balance being iron apart from incidental impurities, with the ferrite phase of said alloy having 25% to 75% by volume of the phase present, the remainder being essentially austenite, said alloy having a damping capacity of a substantially similar level as that of ductile iron. S. 0 S. S 0 *t S S *5 0@ S S. a 5 5 *5 The The The The The The The The The The The The alloy of alloy of alloy of alloy of alloy of alloy of alloy of alloy of alloy of alloy of alloy of alloy of claim claim claim claim claim claim claim claim claim claim claim containing containing containing containing containing containing containing containing containing containing containing 0 to 4.0 wt% molybdenum. 0 to 4.0 wt% copper. 0 to 2.0 wt% nickel. 0 to 3.5 wt% niobium. up to 500 ppm boron. up to 0.2 wt% nitrogen. 0 to 3.5 wt% titanium. 0 to 2.0 wt% cobalt. 0 to 3.5 wt% vanadium. 0 to 3.5 wt% tungsten. 0 to 2.0 wt% zirconium. 0 to 2.5 wt% silicon. claim 1 containing
14. A ferrite-austenite two-phase alloy, substantially as herein described with reference to the accompanying drawings. DATED this 22nd day of February, 1991. FAMCY STEEL CORPORATION By Its Patent Attorneys ARTHUR S. CAVE CO.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US218695 | 1988-07-08 | ||
| US07/218,695 US4875933A (en) | 1988-07-08 | 1988-07-08 | Melting method for producing low chromium corrosion resistant and high damping capacity Fe-Mn-Al-C based alloys |
| US07/341,117 US4966636A (en) | 1988-07-08 | 1989-04-20 | Two-phase high damping capacity F3-Mn-Al-C based alloy |
| US341117 | 1989-04-20 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU3981589A AU3981589A (en) | 1990-02-05 |
| AU610429B2 true AU610429B2 (en) | 1991-05-16 |
Family
ID=26913151
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU39815/89A Ceased AU610429B2 (en) | 1988-07-08 | 1989-07-06 | High damping capacity, two-phase fe-mn-al-c alloy |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0380630B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH03500305A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE114736T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU610429B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1336364C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE68919672T2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1990000629A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR960006453B1 (en) * | 1993-10-22 | 1996-05-16 | 최종술 | Fe-Mn vibration damping alloy steel and its manufacturing method |
| CN1043253C (en) * | 1995-08-18 | 1999-05-05 | 赵学胜 | Al-Mn-Si-N series austenitic stainless acid-resisting steel |
| DE10259230B4 (en) * | 2002-12-17 | 2005-04-14 | Thyssenkrupp Stahl Ag | Method for producing a steel product |
| WO2006082104A1 (en) * | 2005-02-02 | 2006-08-10 | Corus Staal Bv | Austenitic steel having high strength and formability, method of producing said steel and use thereof |
| WO2007122930A1 (en) | 2006-04-20 | 2007-11-01 | Asahi Glass Company, Limited | Core-shell silica and method for producing same |
| WO2013064202A1 (en) * | 2011-11-03 | 2013-05-10 | Tata Steel Nederland Technology B.V. | Method of manufacturing a duplex steel sheet having enhanced formability |
| WO2013178887A1 (en) * | 2012-05-31 | 2013-12-05 | Arcelormittal Investigación Desarrollo Sl | Low-density hot- or cold-rolled steel, method for implementing same and use thereof |
| CA3182565A1 (en) | 2015-03-06 | 2016-09-15 | Atea Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | .beta.-d-2'-deoxy-2'-.alpha.-fluoro-2'-.beta.-c-substituted-2-modified-n6-substituted purine nucleotides for hcv treatment |
| CN104674109B (en) * | 2015-03-11 | 2017-01-18 | 北京科技大学 | Low-density Fe-Mn-Al-C system cold-rolled automobile steel plate and preparation method |
| KR101910744B1 (en) * | 2017-07-26 | 2018-10-22 | 포항공과대학교 산학협력단 | Medium-entropy alloys with excellent cryogenic properties |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU8261182A (en) * | 1981-04-22 | 1982-10-28 | Unisearch Limited | Oxidation and corrosion-resistant febase-al-mn alloys |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA655825A (en) * | 1963-01-15 | Ciba Limited | Unsaturated aliphatic amino-diols and process for their manufacture | |
| DE1239857B (en) * | 1959-06-23 | 1967-05-03 | United States Steel Corp | Use of an austenitic steel alloy for forgeable components |
| JPS60248866A (en) * | 1984-05-24 | 1985-12-09 | Yamato Metal Kogyo Kk | Stainless steel for cryogenic service having excellent sea water resistance |
-
1989
- 1989-07-06 AU AU39815/89A patent/AU610429B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1989-07-06 WO PCT/US1989/002950 patent/WO1990000629A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1989-07-06 JP JP1508050A patent/JPH03500305A/en active Pending
- 1989-07-06 DE DE68919672T patent/DE68919672T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-07-06 AT AT89908610T patent/ATE114736T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-07-06 EP EP89908610A patent/EP0380630B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-07-07 CA CA000605033A patent/CA1336364C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU8261182A (en) * | 1981-04-22 | 1982-10-28 | Unisearch Limited | Oxidation and corrosion-resistant febase-al-mn alloys |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0380630A1 (en) | 1990-08-08 |
| DE68919672T2 (en) | 1995-04-06 |
| ATE114736T1 (en) | 1994-12-15 |
| JPH03500305A (en) | 1991-01-24 |
| AU3981589A (en) | 1990-02-05 |
| DE68919672D1 (en) | 1995-01-12 |
| CA1336364C (en) | 1995-07-25 |
| EP0380630A4 (en) | 1990-12-27 |
| WO1990000629A1 (en) | 1990-01-25 |
| EP0380630B1 (en) | 1994-11-30 |
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